Volume 6 - Issue 9 (Part - I) September 2016

• Analyze and Detect Packet Loss for Data Transmission in WSN
  Miriam Lakde, Prof. Vaibhav Deshpande
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Abstract:

An emerging technology is Wireless Sensor Network where sensors are deployed at extreme geographical locations where human intervention is not possible. The data transferred through the sensor nodes are majorly used in crucial decision making process. Since WSN is a wireless infrastructure it tempts the attackers to tamper/misuse the data. Privacy-preserving routing is important for some ad hoc networks that require stronger privacy protection. Hence a routing protocol to achieve total unobservability by anonymous key establishment using secret session keys and group signature is used. The unobservable routing protocol is divided into two main phases. First phases define an anonymous key establishment process to construct secret session keys. Second phase consist of unobservable route discovery process to find appropriate as well as secure route to the destination. A node establishes a key with its direct neighbour and uses the same key to encrypt the packet before transferring.
Keyword: Security, Sensor Networks, Privacy, MANET

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Miriam Lakde, Prof. Vaibhav Deshpande "Analyze and Detect Packet Loss for Data Transmission in WSN" Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Pushover Analysis for Multistorey RC SMRF and OMRF
  Saudamini Jambhulkar, Prof L G Kalurkar
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Abstract:

Moment resisting frames are commonly used as the dominant mode of lateral resisting system in seismic regions for a long time. The poor performance of Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF) in past earthquakes suggested special design and detailing to warrant a ductile behavior in seismic zones of high earthquake (zone III, IV & V). Thus when a large earthquake occurs, Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) which is specially detailed with a response reduction factor, R = 5 is expected to have superior ductility. The response reduction factor of 5 in SMRF reduces the design base shear and in such a case these building rely greatly on their ductile performance. To ensure ductile performance...........
Key words:SMRF, OMRF, Response Reduction Factor, SAP2000, Pushover analysis.

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Saudamini Jambhulkar, Prof L G Kalurkar "Pushover Analysis for Multistorey RC SMRF and OMRF"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Urban Courtyard Housing Form as a Response to Human Need, Culture and Environment in Hot Climate Regions: Baghdad as a Case Study
  Wezha Hawez Baiz, Shaida Jamal Fathulla
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Abstract:

Courtyard housing is an important dwelling type in human history. It was founded in many ancient histories of different countries and climate zones. Many factors influenced certain types and forms of urban courtyard houses in order to create better living environments. This study try to explore some criticize points about basic human needs of courtyards. Which it refers to environmental and social backgrounds during past times, which it selected to analyze two contemporary types of traditional sample work in Baghdad. Drawings and framework used to understand the ideology of courtyards as well as other factors related to territory, society, psychology, culture and environment. Religion and traditions of Baghdad have played a special role. Through time and across cultures, territorial and environmental factors were found to be highly relevant to almost all the courtyard-housing forms. This study might be helpful for architects where they undertake contemporary design works.
Keywords:Courtyard housing, territorial, social-psychology, cultural and Environment

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Wezha Hawez Baiz, Shaida Jamal Fathulla "Culture and Environment in Hot Climate Regions: Baghdad as a Case Study"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Number of Neurons in the Hidden Layer in Feed Forward Neural Networks with an Emphasis to Cascade Correlation Networks
  Dr. R. Amal Raj
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Abstract:

The architectures of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are based on the problem domain and it is applied during the "training phase‟ of sample data and used to infer results for the remaining data in the testing phase. Normally, the architecture consist of three layers as input, hidden, output layers with the number of nodes in the input layer as number of known values on hand and the number of nodes as result to be computed out of the values of input nodes and hidden nodes as the output layer. The number of nodes in the hidden layer is heuristically decided so that the optimum value is obtained with reasonable number of iterations with other parameters with its default values.........
Keywords:Cascade-Correlation Neural Network, Back-Propagation Algorithm, Double Dummy Bridge Problem.

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Dr. R. Amal Raj "Optimization of Number of Neurons in the Hidden Layer in Feed Forward Neural Networks with an Emphasis to Cascade Correlation Networks"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Predicting the Nonlinear Material Behaviour under Monotonic and Cyclic loading of SA333 and SS3304 Steels
  Krupa H. Desai, Dilip C. Joshi
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Abstract:

Nonlinearity naturally arises in a true, rigorous mathematical formulation of physical problems. One of the most common nonlinearity is the material nonlinearity where the stress-strain response behaves nonlinearly. The main objective of this paper is to predict the material nonlinearity with the use of constitutive material model. To this end, the specimen is modeled with the eight nodded solid elements. One end of the specimen is fixed while the prescribed displacement is specified at the other end. The Chaboche model parameters are fitted first by matching the experimental stress-strain curve [4] with the finite element simulations. After that the response of the specimen is predicted when subjected to different displacement amplitudes i.e. completely reversed loading, cyclic tension loading and fluctuating ramp loading
Keywords:Chaboche parameter, Finite element method, Nonlinearity, Stress, Stain

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Krupa H. Desai, Dilip C. Joshi"Predicting the Nonlinear Material Behaviour under Monotonic and Cyclic loading of SA333 and SS3304 Steels"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mechanical Behaviour ofAl2014 Reinforced with Boron Carbide and Short Basalt Fiber Based Hybrid Composites
  Ranganatha S R, Shantharaja M, Paul Vizhian
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Abstract:

The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of short Basalt Fiber and B4Con hardness and impact strength of Al 2014 Composites. These AMCs with individual and multiple reinforcement (hybrid MMCs) are finding increased applications in aerospace, automobile, space, underwater and transportation applications. An effort is made to enhance the Hardness and Impact properties of AMCs by reinforcing Al2014 matrix with Varying Proportion of Short basalt fiber and Boron carbide by stir casting method. Aluminum alloy matrix varying proportions of boron carbide particulates and Short Basalt fibers were fabricated............
Keywords:Al2014, boron carbide, basalt fiber, Impact strength, Micro Structure, Hardness

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Ranganatha S R, Shantharaja M, Paul Vizhian "Mechanical Behaviour ofAl2014 Reinforced with Boron Carbide and Short Basalt Fiber Based Hybrid Composites"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Proposed Arabic Text Steganography Method Based on New Coding Technique
  Assist. prof. Dr. Suhad M. Kadhem, Dhurgham Wameedh
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Abstract:

Steganography is one of the important fields of information security that depend on hiding secret information in a cover media (video, image, audio, text) such that un authorized person fails to realize its existence. One of the lossless data compression techniques which are used for a given file that contains many redundant data is run length encoding (RLE). Sometimes the RLE output will be expanded rather than compressed, and this is the main problem of RLE. In this paper we will use a new coding method such that its output will be contains sequence of ones with few zeros, so modified RLE that we proposed in this paper will be suitable for compression, finally we employ the modified RLE output for stenography purpose that based on Unicode and non-printed characters to hide the secret information in an Arabic text.
Keywords:Security, Steganography, RLE, Coding, Compression

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Assist. prof. Dr. Suhad M. Kadhem, Dhurgham Wameedh "Proposed Arabic Text Steganography Method Based on New Coding Technique"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• The Effect of Hydrodynamics on Riser Reactor Performance of the FCCU
  Digieneni Yousuo
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Abstract:

The effect of hydrodynamics on the riser reactor performance was studied. The simulation was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation results showed that reaction rate increased with increase in temperature. The results also showed that an increase in pressure leads to an increases in the velocity of the riser reactor. A maximum on gasoline yield appears when the gas oil inlet temperature is 600K, the catalyst inlet temperature is 1100K and the steam inlet temperature is 400K making gasoline yield between 52% to 55%. A minimum on Coke yield appears when the gas oil inlet temperature is 300K, the catalyst inlet temperature is 800K and the steam inlet temperature is 200K making coke yield between 1% to 2%.
Keywords:COR, Riser reactor, hydrodynamics, simulation, temperature

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Digieneni Yousuo "The Effect of Hydrodynamics on Riser Reactor Performance of the FCCU"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Predict the Average Temperatures of Baghdad City by Used Artificial Neural Network
  Hind Saleem Ibrahim Harba
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Abstract:

This paper utilizes artificial neural networks (ANN) technique to improve temperature forecast performance of Baghdad city. Our study based on Feed Forward Backpropagation Artificial Neural Networks (BPANN) algorithm of which trained and tested by used a real world daily average temperatures of Bagdad city for ten years past for months of January and July. Aimed at providing forecasts in a schedule, for all Days of the month to help the meteorologist to foresee future weather temperature accurately and easily. Forecasts by ANN model has been compared with the actual results and the realistic output (with IMOS). The results has been Compared to the practical temperature prediction results, and shows that the BPANN forecasts have accuracy that gave reasonably very good result and can be considered as a good method for temperature predicting
Keywords:Artificial Neural Network, Backpropagation, Temperature predicting, weather forecasting

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Hind Saleem Ibrahim Harba "Predict the Average Temperatures of Baghdad City by Used Artificial Neural Network"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Determining the Rates for Scale Formation in Oil Wells
  Otumudia Ephraim, Ujile Awajiogak
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Abstract:

Scale deposition is one of the most serious oil field problems that affect water injection systems adversely, when two incompatible waters are involved. Two waters are incompatible if they interact chemically and precipitate minerals when mixed. Typical examples are sea water, with high concentration of sulfate ion and formation waters, with high concentrations of calcium, barium, and strontium ions. Mixing of these waters, therefore, could cause precipitation of calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and/or strontium sulfate. This study was conducted to determine conditions for scientist and oil field Engineers to predict scale formation in oil wells............
Keywords:Scale Formation, Solubility, Salinity, Temperature.

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Otumudia Ephraim, Ujile Awajiogak "Determining the Rates for Scale Formation in Oil Wells"Vol. 6 - Issue 9 (September - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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