Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a form of multi-carrier modulation technique. High spectral efficiency, robustness to channel fading, immunity to impulse interference, uniform average spectral density, capability of handling very strong echoes and less nonlinear distortion are among the favorite properties of OFDM. Even though there are many advantages of OFDM, it has two main drawbacks; high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and frequency offset. In this paper, the issue of PAPR in OFDM system is discussed. Companding technique is used to reduce the PAPR. In this paper, the simulation results of PAPR without any reduction technique and with the companding technique are compared.
Key word: OFDM, PAPR, DSP, IFFT, BPSK, QPSK, 16PSK.

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Priyanka Sharma, Proff. Dr. R.K. Khola, "The PAPR Reduction in OFDM System with the help of Companding Technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

We study the resource allocation algorithm design for multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink systems with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. The algorithm design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for maximizing the energy efficiency of data transmission (bit/Joule delivered to the users). In particular, the problem formulation takes into account the minimum required system data rate, heterogeneous minimum required power transfers to the users, and the circuit power consumption. Subsequently, by exploiting the method of timesharing and the properties of nonlinear fractional programming, the considered non-convex optimization problem is solved using an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm. Recently, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) becomes appealing by essentially providing a perpetual energy source for the wireless networks. For the TDMA-based information transmission, we employ TS at the receivers; for the OFDMA-based information transmission, we employ PS at the receivers. Under the above two scenarios, we address the problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate over all users by varying the time/frequency power allocation and either TS or PS ratio, subject to a minimum harvested energy constraint on each user as well as a peak and/or total transmission power constraint.

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Sakshi Sharma, "A review of Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multiuser OFDM Systems"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The development of technology during this was to meet the man, but it should be men must be spoilt, But if it turns out that all that did not make people feel safe, comfortable, healthy and easy, but the planning process, decision-making and developments have experienced a deviation orientation. Public transport Transportation in the Makassar city should be made with implementing aspects promotes ergonomic comfort, but it does not apply in means of transportation to the public. Issues for public vehicles on access up and down not in accordance with The aim of the research vehicle users. is to phrases dimensions body which have an effect on to utility vehicle, to examine the public vehicles that high-promotes ergonomic comfort. The method assessment is the measurement dimensions body to the passengers as well as the use questionnaires and analyzed in a holistic approach ergonomics. Results of research high security tools to public vehicles that high-security vehicle users generally by body dimensions as a powerful than Knee-and-a-half was knee, long your feet, and your elbow kelantai. While utilities yangbernilai ergonomics was the first and second around 24.76 cm and 49.53 cm, wide around 24.25 cm and was hangar 104, 78 cm.
Keywords: anthropometry, ergonomics, utility vehicle.

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Ahmad Hanafie, Hammada Abbas, Lawelenna Samang And Sumarni Hamid, "Study Utility Vehicle Makassar City Transport a High- Ergonomics"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The research objective to be achieved is determine the ratio of tensile strength connections of weld combination (longitudinal and transversal) with a tensile strength of connection models with 2 bolts, 3 bolts and 4 bolts. The method used is to form specimens of weld connections (longitudinal and transverse) and the model of connections (2, 3 and 4) bolts, and testing of tensile strength using a tensile test machine to produce maximum load value, the maximum tension and strain. The purpose of the test is to compare the tensile strength of the bolts connection of the various models are supplied with a value of tensile strength connection of weld variations and
Keywords: Connection of bolt and weld, strong current, Comparison of tensile strength

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Saripuddin. M, Hammada Abbas, Herman Parung, dan Wahyu H. Piarah, "Analysis Of Comparative Strength Model Connection Bolts And Weld To The Plate Materials ST. 42"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel success factors or practices that are responsible for the succinct decisive role to overture the process are identified. These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal outcomes.
Keywords -Attribute, Least Square Multicriteria Decision Model (LSMADM), Optimized Productivity, Total

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Subhash Chandra, Sunil Kumar Sharma, "Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practices and Implementation of Total Productive Maintenance(TPM) in Indian Industries"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The effect of number of spots, spot spacing, squeezing force, welding current, weld time , overlapping length and sheet thicknesson the shear strength of two similar galvanized steel sheets are investigated through experiments using RSM method. Similar sheets of galvanized steel sheets are made by resistance spot welding at different processing conditions and these joint populations were tested under lap-shear loading conditions. Specially fabricated fixture is used to load the lap shear specimen in the universal testing machine Regression analysis is done to obtain relationship between shear strength and selected parameters. The experimental results indicate that the failure loads of spot welds in lap-shear specimens increase when number of spot, squeezing force, welding current and sheet thickness increase for the given ranges.
Keywords -Number of spots, Shear Strength, Process parameters

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Raghunath T Bandgar, Pravin.A Dhawale, Ravindra.T Vyavahare, "Parametric Study of Multi-Spot Welded Lap Shear Specimen for Shear Strength"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The soil and climatic conditions of the Zhambyl region was verified the growth promoting activity of spring wheat plant associations of soil bacteria (№27, 44, 62). The experiments revealed that the association selected enhance germination, productivity and structure of the spring wheat crop. When preplant treatment of seeds field germination associations increased 4, 3-8, 3 % yield increase of 10,2% - 22,9 %, as well as improved seed quality indicators compared to the control.
Keywords -spring wheat, the association of microorganisms, biological product, field germination, yield,

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Kulnazarov Batyr, Kuznetsova Tatyana, Kulkeev Erlan, Saubenova Margarita, 1Aytzhanova Aida, Yelubayeva Makpal, "Influence Of Associations Of Soil Bacteria On The Structure And Productivity Of Spring Wheat"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

As in today's world the use of petroleum products is increasing, it leads to more pollution and degradation of our environment. This work will investigate the result of an experimental study carried out to determine the performance of a car spoiler (inverted aerofoil) and study the pressure difference produced by it and also prove the transit theory of pressure difference over an aerofoil. It is used widely in formula racing cars. The various angles of attack and there effects on pressure differences will be measured. The performance parameters are to be investigated and observed.
Index Terms:Wind tunnel experiment, spoiler, airfoil, transit theory, computational fluid dynamics, ansys

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Jesal J. Thakkar, Harsh V. Jani, Dhrupad R. Sheth, "Spoiler Analysis and Wind Tunnel Experiment"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Environmental concerns and energy crisis of the world has led to the search of alternate to the fossil fuel. FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is environment friendly, alternative, and non-toxic, safe; biodegradable has a high flash point and is also termed as Bio-Diesel. The growing economic risk of relying primarily on fossil fuels with limited reserves and Increasing prices has increased the interest on alternative energy sources. Clean and renewable biofuels have been touted as the answer to the issue of diminishing fossil fuels. INDIA the largest producer of palm oil has committed to focus interest on biofuels, namely palm biodiesel. Since palm oil has a high fossil energy balance, it is a key source of raw material for biodiesel production. This paper presents palm biodiesel as an alternative source of green renewable energy through a survey conducted from previously researched findings. In this experimental study testing of emission characteristics and performances test of palm Bio-diesel at various ratios form (B25%, B 50%, B75%, B100%) of Bio-diesel. As we compared with fossil fuel (diesel) and palm bio-diesel on base of various emission elements (CO, CO₂, NO_x, O₂, and HC).
Keywords -Transesterification, methyl ester, Nox,HC.

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V.S.shai sundaram, S.S.shai monish, J.sathyaraj, S.Surya prakash, Pa. Vignesh, R. Vignesh kumar, "Emission Characteristics of CI Engine by using Palm Bio- Diesel"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Short tandem repeats (STRs) have become important molecular markers for a broad range of applications, such as genome mapping and characterization, phenotype mapping, marker assisted selection of crop plants and a range of molecular ecology and diversity studies. These repeated DNA sequences are found in both Plants and bacteria. Most of the computer programs that find STRs failed to report its number of occurrences of the repeated pattern, exact position and it is difficult task to obtain accurate results from the larger datasets. So we need high performance computing models to extract certain repeats. One of the solution is STRs using parallel string matching, it gives number of occurrences with corresponding line number and exact location or position of each STR in the genome of any length. In this, we implemented parallel string matching using JAVA Multithreading with multi core processing, for this we implemented a basic algorithm and made a comparison with previous algorithms like Knuth Morris Pratt, Boyer Moore and Brute force string matching algorithms and from the results our new basic algorithm gives better results than the previous algorithms. We apply this algorithm in parallel string matching using multi-threading concept to reduce the time by running on multicore processors. From the test results it is shown that the multicore processing is a remarkably efficient and powerful compared to lower versions and finally this proposed STR using parallel string matching algorithm is better than the sequential approaches.
Keywords -computing model, DNA, STR, parallel string matching, multicore processing.

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D. Bala MuraliKrishna, Ch. Someswara Rao, "A Novel Framework for Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Using Parallel String Matching"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to develop a flaxseed-date-bar fortified high level of dietary fibre by using functional ingredients. Formulations were developed containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 grams of flaxseed flour. Flaxseed- date bar were evaluated for their, Physic-chemical properties. In the physical evaluation of bar it was found that flaxseed flour increase the hardness from 1076.82g to 1403.12g.The results revealed that the bar containing nuts and oilseeds shows maximum protein content (10.09 percent), dietary fibre content (9.89 percent), and ash content(2.90 percent) was found in flaxseed-date bar. The gross energy of the flaxseed-date bar was in the range of 353.75 kcal to 377.08 kcal .The maximum gross energy was recorded by following sample A4were as the minimum was obtained by A₀. The result revealed that flaxseed-dates along with nuts can be useful to prepare flaxseed-date bars of good sensory and nutritional value which provide substantial amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and dietary fibre.
Keywords -Flaxseed, dates, bar, physical, chemical properties.

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Maimuna Sultana Mohd. Ateequddin, M. P. Ingle, "Physicochemical Evaluation of Flaxseed-Date Bar"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Reducing operational expenditures (OpEx) have become main concern for almost all communication service providers in the world. Some practical ideas and techniques implemented in Grameenphone might be very helpful for others who are fighting to survive or trying to be more profitable or going to provide new services- 3G /LTE/LTE-Aor want to contribute in climate change anywhere in the world. Some challenging techniques and tactics are discussed here to reduce vast amount of energy consumptions from different equipment used in the base station, access and transport network for cost reduction.
Index Terms-OpEx,BS, RAN, TX, AC, DC, microwave, transport, Power, DC ventilation, DVS, Battery,

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Abul Hossain, Dr. King-Sun Chan, "Massive Energy Saving Systems and Strategies at Equipment Level in the Highest Competitive Telecommunication Market"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Present study is focused on the fabrication of aluminium 6061 based metal matrix composites, Reinforced with silicon carbide and Al₂O₃ by stir casting technique. The percentage of one reinforcement particulate is kept constant and varying other and vice versa, namely typeI and typeII composites. The various mechanical tests like tensile strength test, hardness test, wear test and Impact strength performed on the samples obtained by stir casting technique for comparison purpose. The result indicated that the developed method is quite successful and there is an increase in the value of tensile strength, hardness value and Impact strength of newly developed composite having (SiC + Al₂O₃) particulates in comparison to the Aluminium.
Keywords -Aluminum 6061, SiC, Al₂O₃, Metal matrix composite, Mechanical properties.

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Kamaal Haider, Md. Azad Alam, Amit Redhewal,Vishal Saxena, "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Sic & Al₂O₃"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Microbes like bacteria, algae, fungi and virus play an important role to catalyst chemical reactions. In Nature, ores or minerals of different compounds are formed due to microbial environment and other factors like weathering. Microbial environment is also instrumental in forming calcium containing silicate minerals. Chemical reactions occur under microbial environment because microbes have the ability to control or modify different factors like pH, chemical potential and temperature during reactions. In this paper, synthesis of calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) using calcium fluoride (CaF₂) and quartz (SiO₂) under microbial environment in a laboratory is being adopted to produce the required material. XRD technique is used to confirm the formation of CaSiO₃.
Keywords -Atmospheric CO₂, calcium fluoride, CaSiO₃,quartz, microbes.

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B. Gopal Krishna, M. Jagannadha Rao, "Synthesis of Calcium Silicate (Casio3) Using Calcium Fluoride, Quartz and Microbes"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Nowadays major decision are introduced as a milestone in the life of organizations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a hybrid model to decide the optimal way of solving problems based on fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and prioritization techniques based on similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and support the model using decision support system.Theresults ofeachcasewill be consideredseparately and the result ofthe combinedapproachis shown. The output of the combination approach can prove due to its high power. Application of our model to different organizationsand companies show a fine improvement and fair agreement for output proficiency of the systems.
Keywords -Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Multi–criteria Decision-making (MCDM), Technique

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Maryam Mollaei, "A Model of Hybrid Approach for FAHP and TOPSIS with Supporting by DSS"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study is an attempt to identify the minimum time of a construction project using the critical path method and linear programming model. A systematic analysis is attempted by developing a work breakdown structure for entire project to establish work elements for quantifying various resources against time and cost. A network is established taking into consideration all the predecessor and successor activities. The network is then optimized through crashing of activities so as to obtain optimal solution and serves as a base for optimizing total project cost. Finally, linear programming model is used to formulate the system of crashing network for minimum time by LINGO model and Microsoft Excel. These models consider many considerations of project thus reducing the duration of project. Ultimately, comparison of both the software outputs and the manual
keywords:Linear Programming, Crashing, CPM, LINGO, Microsoft Excel etc.

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Komal Kiran, Maneeth.P.D, Brijbhushan S, "Optimization of Time Restriction in Construction Project Management Using Lingo and M.S.Excel"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In current study the strength of composite material configuration is obtained from the properties of constituent laminate by using classical laminate plate theory. For the purpose of analysis various configurations of 2 layered and 4 layered cross ply laminates are used. The material of laminate is supposed to be boron/epoxy having orthotropic properties. The loading in current study is supposed to be of uniformly distributed load type. For the analysis purpose software working on finite element analysis logics i.e. Ansys mechanical APDL is used. By the help of Ansys mechanical APDL the deflection and stress intensity is found out. The effect of variation of laminate layers is also studied in current study along with the effect of variation of stacking patterns. The current study will also help to conclude which stacking pattern is best in 2 layered and 4 layered cross ply laminate.

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Rahul Patwa, Amit Telang, "Analysis of Cross-ply Laminate composite under UD load based on CLPT by Ansys APDL"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This work aims to study the mechanical behavior of a nylon seat belt when it is exposed to cyclical loads through the Finite Element Methods. This work used as base the brazilian regulamentoy standard ABNT NBR 7337:2011 to create the virtual model of the seat belt, with the following dimensions: 1.20mm thick, 48mm width and 250mm length. The next step was to import this CAD model to ANSYS 14.5 software, to create the correct material model for this case and apply the correct boundary conditions in order to analyze its behavior under a load that varies from 0 to 2000 N at a 10 Hz frequency. The final step was to analyze this numerical results that referring to this component under these conditions.
Keywords -ANSYS Workbench 14.5, fatigue, FEM, polymers, seat belt

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Lucas Nogueira Assis, Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, "The Mechanical Behavior Of A Nylon Seat Belt Exposed To Cyclical Loads: A Numerical Approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 9 (September - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com