Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Digital image processing is used for various purposes like image enhancement, compression of images. Uncompressed image needs more storage capacity. So the images are compressed. In this research paper we aim to detect the irregularities in the shape of bottle. This paper is to review and study of the different methods of object detection. It includes many methods for the shape recognition. This paper discuss the methods like Robert operator, Sobel Operator, Laplacian and Fourier Descriptor. As we have gone through many research papers it was of mostly detecting mangoes, flower, leaf, face, etc but none was for detecting bottle shape recognition. We also compared accuracy and limitations of these methods and from all the methods we found the best result for fourier descriptor for shape recognition.
Keywords: Robert, Sobel, Laplacian, Fourier

Copy and Paste

Harshal Patel, Viraj Varde, Sarmit Patel, Jyorji Patel, Namrata Patel, Bhumika Patel, "Detecting Irregularities in the Shape of Coloured Bottle"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The present study focus on integrated geophysical surveys carried out in the mineralization zone in Erkowit region, Eastern Sudan to determine the extensions of the potential ore deposits on the topographically high hilly area and under the cover of alluvium along the nearby wadi and to locate other occurrences if any. The magnetic method (MAG) and the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were employed for the survey. Eleven traverses were aligned approximately at right angles to the general strike of the rock formations. The disseminated sulfides are located on the alteration shear zone which is composed of granitic and dioritic highly ferruginated rock occupying the southwestern and central parts of the area, this was confirmed using thin and polished sections mineralogical analysis. The magnetic data indicates low magnetic values for wadi sedimentary deposits in its southern part of the area, and high anomalies which are suspected as gossans due to magnetite formed during wall rock alteration consequent to mineralization. The significant ERT imagesdefinelow resistivity zone as traced as sheared zones which may associated with the main loci of ore deposition. The study designates that correlation of magnetic and ERT anomalies with lithology are extremely useful in mineral exploration due to variations in some specific physical properties of rocks.
Keywords: ERT, Magnetic, Mineralization, Red Sea, Sudan

Copy and Paste

K.M. Kheiralla, M.A. Mohamed-Ali, M.Y.Abdelgalil, N.E. Mohamed, G.Boutsis, "Integrated ERT and Magnetic Surveys in a Mineralization Zone in Erkowit - Red Sea State – Sudan"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The development of a Solar- Photo-Mechanical Proofing Machine has been presented in this paper. Based on the fabrication and operational principles, the device is cheaper to operate, since an energy for its operation is sourced freely from the sun. It is envisaged that the machine will find wide applications in rural areas lacking electricity supplies due to the fact that the copies produced compared favourably with those printed with the conventional machine.

Copy and Paste

Manukaji John U, "Solar-Photo-Mechanical Proofing Machine That Uses The Diazo Dry Process" Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Solar collectors are the engines that drive all solar energy heating systems. Although solar heating collectors have settled upon a few basic designs, they are still manufactured in an array of configurations.Solar collectors are generally classified by the temperatures that can be produced under normal amounts of solar radiation. The collector's end-use application can be determined by their temperature classification such as Low-temperature collectors, Medium-temperature collectors and High-temperature concentrators that track the sun and produces the highest temperatures.Reflectorsthat are axially symmetrical and shaped like a parabola, has the property of bringing parallel rays of light (such as sunlight) to a pointfocus and so any object that is located at its focus receives highly concentrated sunlight, and therefore becomes very hot. This is the basis for the use of this kind of reflector for high solar energy generation. Energy supply for domestic activities had been a major problem faced by both rural and city dwellers for a long time now in Africa. It was therefore desirable to design and construct a solar Fresnel reflector and a tracking stand that can be used to generate heat from the sun for cooking, baking and distillation purposes. The reflector and the tracking stand designed and constructed was able to concentrate solar energy within a regional diameter of 10cm and could be used to raise the temperature of any object placed at its focal region. It was discovered that the heat generated is directly proportional to both the perfection of the collector design, its construction, the quality of the reflectors e.g plain mirror, the area exposed to the sun and the solar intensity of the day.

Copy and Paste

Manukaji John, "Development of a Solar Fresnel Reflector and Its Tracking Stand Using Local Material"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The design of a power and area efficient high speed 768 000-bit multiplier based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) multiplication for fully homomorphic encryption operations. Memory based in-place architecture is presented for the FFT processor that performs 64 000-point finite-field FFT operations using a radix-16 computing unit and 16 dual-port SRAMs. By adopting a special prime as the base of the finite field, the radix-16 calculations are simplified to requiring only additions and shift operations. A two-stage carry-look-ahead scheme is employed to resolve carries and obtain the multiplication result. The multiplier design is validated by comparing its results with the GNU Multiple Precision (GMP) arithmetic library. The proposed design has been synthesized using 90-nm process technology with an estimated die area of 45.3 mm2. At 200 MHz, the large-number multiplier offers roughly twice the performance of a previous implementation on an NVIDIA C2050 graphics processor unit and is 29 times faster than the Xeon X5650 CPU, while at the same time consuming a modest 0.97 W.
keyword— Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), large-number multiplication, VLSI design.

Copy and Paste

V. Santhosh kumar, R. Mohan, "Fully Homomorphic Encryption Using Low Power Multiplier" Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Steel-concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance all over the world as an alternative for pure steel and pure concrete construction. However this approach is a new concept for construction industry. R.C.C are no longer economical because of their increased dead load, hazardous formwork. The present study deals with comparison of reinforced concrete, steel and composite structures under the effect of static and dynamic loads. The results of this work show that composite structures are best suited for high rise buildings compared to that of steel and reinforced concrete structures. Response spectrum method is used for comparison of three structures with the help of ETABS software.
keyword— Bare frame, Base shear, Displacement and Inter-storey drift.

Copy and Paste

Zafar Mujawar, Prakarsh Sangave, "Comparative Evaluation Of Reinforced Concrete, Steel And Composite Structures Under The Effect Of Static And Dynamic Loads"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Multi-mode switching between controllers corresponding to different modes of operation is needed in those cases when the transition from one mode to another results in substantial flight-critical variations in the aircraft dynamics. To address this problem, a general framework for multi-modal flight control is proposed. The framework is based on the Multiple Models, Switching and Tuning (MMST) methodology, combined with Model-Predictive Control (MPC), and the use of different robust mechanisms for switching between the multi-modal controllers. It was shown that many different switching control strategies can be naturally derived from the basic framework, which demonstrates the generality of the proposed approach.
Keywords: MMST, MPC, Mode prediction, Flight control, Switching, Optimization

Copy and Paste

Y. Rajeshwari, V. Rajeswari, "An Overview of Adaptive Approaches in Flight Control"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The overtopping flow of water over an earthen embankment causes erosion of soil from its surfaces and the eroded surface of the embankment acts as a Broad crest weir. But the longitudinal profile of the weir goes on changing with time of erosion. Hence crest height of the weir goes changing in accelerated flow condition. In this paper, the discharge equation for this type of flow situation is established for different types of soils in the embankment. Then, the experiments have been carried out as the analogous rigid beds of the captured eroded profiles at any time of erosion of the broad crested weir to compare the discharge equation and to study the energy loss in dislodging the soil from the surface of the weir and transporting them down stream.
Key words: Breach Flow (Q_w), head of water over the crest (h_u), crest height (h_cm).

Copy and Paste

Dr. K. C.Sahu, Dr. P. K. Das, Dr. T. Gangadharaiah, "Flow over an Erodible Broad Crested Weir"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The need constantly exists for converters with higher resolution, faster conversion speeds and lower power dissipation. High-speed analog to digital converters (ADC's) have been based on flash architecture, because all comparators sample the analog input voltage simultaneously, this ADC is thus inherently fast. Unfortunately, flash ADC requires 2^N - 1 comparators to convert N bit digital code from an analog sample. This makes flash ADC's unsuitable for high-resolution applications. This paper demonstrates a simple technique to enhance resolution of flash ADC's that require as few as 256 comparators for 12-bit conversion. In this approach, the analog input range is partitioned into 256 quantization cells, separated by 255 boundary points. An 8-bit binary code 00000000 to 11111111 is assigned to each cell. A 12-bit flash converter requires 4096 comparators, while proposed technique reduces number of comparator requirements to only 256 for 12- bit conversion. Therefore, this technique is best suitable when high speed combined with high resolution is required. Result of 12-bit prototype is presented.
Key words: Flash ADC, μP, DAC, Sample and Hold. Successive approximation.

Copy and Paste

Gururaj Balikatti, Prabhavathi. V, Poojitha. M, Priyanka. K, Thaseena Banu, "A 12-Bit High Speed Analog To Digital Convertor Using μp 8085"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper reports on the preparation and optical characterization of Cu²⁺ (0.5 mol %): (49.5)B₂O₃ - 10PbO - 30CdO -10AlF₃(BPCA)glasses. Due to the homogeneous distribution of Cu²⁺ ions, the glasses are found to be in bright blue color has been noticed. From the XRD profile, amorphous nature the glass has been studied. Triogonal BO₃ units transformed into tetrahedral BO₄ units has evidenced from the FTIR spectrum of reference glass. From the measured absorption spectrum of the copper glass exhibits broad absorption band (²B_1g→²B_1g) at 760 nm have been measured. Emission spectrum of Cu²⁺ (0.5 mol %): B₂O₃- CdO – PbO - AlF₃ glass has revealed a blue emission at 447 nm with an excitation wavelength 389 nm.
Keywords: absorption, Cu²⁺ : glass, emission, excitation, XRD

Copy and Paste

K. Nagamuni Reddy, B. Sudhakar Reddy, "Spectroscopic Studies on Cu2+: B2O3 - Cdo - Pbo - AlF3 Glass"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Given the critical role of motion estimation (ME) in a video coder, testing such a module is of priority concern. While focusing on the testing of ME in a video coding system, this work presents an error detection and data recovery (EDDR) design, based on the proposed residue-and-quotient (RQ) code, to embed into ME for video coding testing applications. An error in processing elements (PEs), i.e. key components of a ME, can be detected and recovered effectively by using the proposed EDDR design. Experimental results indicate that the proposed EDDR design for ME testing can detect errors and recover data with an acceptable area overhead and timing penalty. Importantly, the proposed EDDR design performs satisfactorily in terms of throughput and reliability for ME testing applications.
Keywords: Area overhead, data recovery, error detection, motion estimation, reliability, proposed residue-and-quotient (RQ) code.

Copy and Paste

K.Sarada, Modukuri Kishore Babu. "Improved Error Detection and Data Recovery Architecture for Motion Estimation Testing Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Sentiment analysis is the process of identifying people's attitude and emotional state's from language. The main objective is realized by identifying a set of potential features in the review and extracting opinion expressions about those features by exploiting their associations. Opinion mining, also known as Sentiment analysis, plays an important role in this process. It is the study of emotions i.e. Sentiments, Expressions that are stated in natural language. Natural language techniques are applied to extract emotions from unstructured data. There are several techniques which can be used to analysis such type of data. Here, we are categorizing these techniques broadly as "supervised learning", "unsupervised learning" and "hybrid techniques". The objective of this paper is to provide the overview of Sentiment Analysis, their challenges and a comparative analysis of it's techniques in the field of Natural Language Processing.
Keywords: Sentiment Analysis, opining mining, SVM (Support Vector Machine), Rainforest, Hybrid Approach

Copy and Paste

Chauhan Ashish P, Dr. K. M. Patel, "Sentiment Analysis Using Hybrid Approach: A Survey"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In agricultural sector, farmers in rural areas faced major problems because of illiteracy. They cannot take the advantage of internet to access the information related to farming. The information represented in icons will help the farmers to take the important decisions. Also there will be additional benefit to farmer as there is speech based interaction in Indian language with icons. According to UNESCO report, 64% population in India cannot use the internet due to lack of technical knowledge. Here, we are extending the approach from computer devices to small mobile devices application.
Keywords: Icons, Agriculture, Farming, Languages, speech.

Copy and Paste

Prachi Sawant, Aarti Thorat, Arti Mhaske, Samruddhi Ghanwat, Mrs. M. A. Shaikh, "Survey on Krishi-Mitra: Expert System for Farmers"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Face detection is the method of focusing faces in input image is an important part of any face processing system. In Face detection, segmentation plays the major role to detect the face. There are many contests for effective and efficient face detection. The aim of this paper is to present a review on several algorithms and methods used for face detection. We read the various surveys and related various techniques according to how they extract features and what learning algorithms are adopted for. Face detection system has two major phases, first to segment skin region from an image and second to decide these regions cover human face or not. There are number of algorithms used in face detection namely Genetic, Hausdorff Distance etc.
Keywords: Face detection, Face Localization, Edge detection, Segmentation

Copy and Paste

Devang C. Prajapati, Disha P. Vanani, Krushna H. Tandel, Khushbu R. Patel, Nigha P. Bambhroliya, Puja H. Kadam, "Face Detection in Digital Image: A Technical Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

It is difficult to achieve and become particularly acute in wireless sensor networks due to the limitation in network capability, computational power and memory which do not allow for implementation of complex security mechanism because security being vital to the acceptance and use of wireless sensor networks for many applications. In this paper we have explored general security threats in wireless sensor networks and analyzed them. This paper is an attempt to survey and analyze the threats to the wireless sensor networks and focus on the type of attacks and achieve secure communication in wireless sensor networks.
Keyword: Wireless sensor Networks, WSN, Security, Threats, Authentication, Confidentiality

Copy and Paste

P.P.Joby, Dr.P.Sengottuvelan, "A Survey on Threats and Security schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Multilevel inverters have become more popular over the years in high power medium voltage applications without the use of a transformer and with promise of less disturbance & reduced harmonic distortion. In this paper, two types of multilevel converter in three phase configuration, cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter (CMLI) and diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) of 5 and 7-level are modelled and compared in the case of feeding of a three phase squirrel cage induction motor. Here, carrier based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is used as the modulation strategy. These modulation strategy include phase disposition technique (PD), phase opposition disposition technique (POD), and an alternative phase opposition disposition technique (APOD). A detailed study of the modulation technique has been carried out through MATLAB/SIMULINK for both multilevel converters and a comparative evaluation between DCMLI and CMLI using SPWM technique in terms of THD%.
Keyword: Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter (CMLI), Diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI), MATLAB/SIMULINK, Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique, Total harmonic distortion (THD).

Copy and Paste

Mohit Jain, Anuradha Singh, Suman Singh, "Comparative Analysis and Simulation of Diode Clamped & Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter using SPWM Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study was carried out with techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) based crop discrimination and area estimation with single date approach. Several kernel functions are employed and compared in this study for mapping the input space with including linear, sigmoid, and polynomial and Radial Basis Function (RBF). The present study highlights the advantages of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for analyzing the land use/land cover mapping for Aurangabad region of Maharashtra, India. Single date, cloud free IRS-Resourcesat-1 LISS-III data was used for further classification on training set for supervised classification. ENVI 4.4 is used for image analysis and interpretation. The experimental tests show that system is achieved 94.82% using SVM with kernel functions including Polynomial kernel function compared with Radial Basis Function, Sigmoid and linear kernel. The Overall Accuracy (OA) to up to 5.17% in comparison to using sigmoid kernel function, and up to 3.45% in comparison to a 3rd degree polynomial kernel function and RBF with 200 as a penalty parameter.
Keyword: Supervised Classification; Ground Control Points; Kernel functions; Crop Classification;

Copy and Paste

Rupali R. Surase, Karbhari V. Kale, "Multiple Crop Classification Using Various Support Vector Machine Kernel Functions"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. This paper introduces the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the optimal network reconfiguration problem for power loss reduction. The PSO is a relatively new and powerful intelligence evolution method for solving optimization problems. It is a population-based approach. The PSO was inspired from natural behavior of the bees on how they find the location of most flowers. The proposed PSO algorithm is introduced with some modifications such as using an inertia weight that decreases linearly during the simulation. This setting allows the PSO to explore a large area at the start of the simulation.
Keyword: Distributed power generation, load flow, power generation planning. microgrid, distributed generation (DG), siting and sizing, reliability. particle swarm optimization, Systems Reconfiguration, Power Loss Reduction.

Copy and Paste

Vishal Ramesh Zambre, Ajit P Chaudhari, Girish K Mahajan, "Transforming an Existing Distribution Network Into Autonomous MICRO-GRID using particle swarm optimization (Review)"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Main focus of project is on implementation of Neural Network Architecture (NNA) with on chip learning on Analog VLSI Technology for signal processing application. In the proposed paper the analog components like Gilbert Cell Multiplier (GCM), Neuron Activation Function (NAF) are used to implement artificial NNA. Analog components used comprises of multiplier, adder and tan sigmoidal function circuit using MOS transistor. This Neural Architecture is trained using Back Propagation (BP) Algorithm in analog domain with new techniques of weight storage. Layout design and verification of above design is carried out using VLSI Backend Microwind 3.1 software Tool. The technology used to design layout is 32 nm CMOS Technology.
Keyword: Analog VLSI Technology, Back Propagation Algorithm, Gilbert Cell Multiplier, Neural Network Architecture, Neuron Activation Function

Copy and Paste

Miss. Rachana R. Patil, Mr. Dinkar L. Bhombe, "Review: "Implementation of Feedforward and Feedback Neural Network for Signal Processing Using Analog VLSI Technology""Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Optical Character Recognition is process of recognition of character from scanned document and lots of OCR now available in the market. But most of these systems work for Roman, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters . There are no sufficient number of work on Indian language script like Devanagari so this paper present a review on optical character recognition on handwritten Devanagari script.
Keyword: Feature Extraction, Handwritten Document, OCR, Preprocessing, Segmentation

Copy and Paste

Trupti R. Zalke, Vasant N. Bhonge, "An Optical Character Recognition for Handwritten Devanagari Script"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The science of sea level changes is quite multi-facetted. The level of the oceans is always changing, both vertically and horizontally. We have documented these changes quite carefully. After the last glaciation maximum, sea level has risen in the order of 120 m. This rise has been oscillatory. We can set frames on the maximum rate of a sea level rise; at the most rapid ice-melting after the Last Ice Age, sea level rose at about 10 ±1 mm/yr. The thermal expansion of water is, of course, a function of the water column heated; hence the effect is zero at the shore where there is no water to expand. The claim by the IPCC on a present sea level rise is greatly exaggerated. Coastal tide gauges give relative rates in the order of 0-2 mm/yr. The value of the absolute rise in sea level varies between 0.0 and 1.1 mm/yr. There are firm reasons to downgrade, even neglect, the fear of a disastrous coastal flooding in the present century.
Keyword: Sea level changes, oscillations, absolute sea level, no disastrous flooding.

Copy and Paste

Nils-Axel Mörner, "Sea Level Changes as recorded in nature itself"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper gives the comparative study among various techniques used to control the speed of three phase induction motor. In this paper, indirect vector method is used to control the speed of Induction motor. Firstly Simulink Model is developed by using MATLAB/ Simulink software. PI controller, Fuzzy PI Hybrid controller, Genetic Algorithm (GA) are the techniques involved in control Induction motor and the results are compared. By converting three phase supply currents coming from stator to Flux and Torque components of current the speed responses such as rise time, overshoot, settling time and speed regulation at load have been observed and compared among the techniques. The PI controller parameters defined by an objective function are calculated by using Genetic Algorithms presented good performance compared to Fuzzy PI Hybrid controller which has parameters chosen by the human operator.
Keyword: Induction Motor, PI Controller, Fuzzy PI Hybrid Controller, Indirect Vector control, Genetic Algorithm

Copy and Paste

S. Riaz Ahamed, J. N. Chandra Sekhar, Dinakara Prasad Reddy P, "Speed Control of Induction Motor by Using Intelligence Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The present work is a part of scale-up methodology in the Multi-phase and Multi-scale processes Laboratory (MMPL) of Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, MO, USA. A spouted bed is a special case of fluidization. It is an effective means of contacting gas with coarse solid particles .Gas-solid spouted beds are either cylindrical bed with cone base or the whole bed is in a cone shape where the gas enters as a jet. The gas forms a spout region that carries the solids upward in a diluted phase that forms a fountain at the top of the bed where the solids fall down and move downward in the annular region. Performance of gas-solid spouted bed benefit from solids uniformity structure with lower pressure drop (PD).Dropping of PD across the spouted bed could reduce the dissipated pumping energy and improve stability and uniformity of solid particles. Therefore, the focus of this work is to minimize PD across the bed. Hence, PD is to be considered as the objective of the optimization process .Three selected decision variables are affecting objective function. These decision variables are gas velocity, particle density and particle diameter. Steady-state solids concentration measurements were carried out in a narrow 3-inch (0.076 m ID) cylindrical spouted bed made of Plexiglas that used 60° conical shape base. Radial concentration of particles (glass and steel beads) at various bed heights under different flow patterns were measured using sophisticated optical probes. Superficial velocities of air ranging from 0.74 to 1.0 m/s .PD were measured across the bed by high accuracy pressure transducers. Optimization technique is a powerful tool to obtain the desired set of operating conditions. This would guide the experimental work and reduce the risk and cost for design and operation .Stochastic genetic algorithm (GA) has found suitable global search for the non-linear hybrid spouted bed. Optimum results would improve the operation of the bed with high-performance and stable conditions. Uniformity and stability of solid particles would enhance hydrodynamic parameters, heat and mass transfer in the bed. Best Operability was observed with low-density and large size of solid beads and at low gas velocity. Size of solid particles and velocity of gas have been found the sensitive decision variables with PD mutations. Sensitivity of these variables could be increased at unlimited bounds of operating conditions. An advanced control system of sensitive decision variables becomes necessary for stable operability of the spouted bed.
Keyword: Operability; Optimization; Pressure drop; Spouted bed; Solid particles; Stochastic

Copy and Paste

Ghanim.M. Alwan, "Improving Operability of Lab-Scale Spouted Bed Using Global Stochastic Optimization"Vol. 5 - Issue 1 (January - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com