Peer Reviewed Journal

Backpressure-Based Packet-By-Packet Adaptive Routing For Traffic Management in Communication Networks

Abstract: Back pressure-based adaptive routing algorithms where each packet is routed along a possibly different pathhave been extensively studied in the literature. However, suchalgorithms typically result in poor delay performance and involvehigh implementation complexity. In this paper, we develop anew adaptive routing algorithm built upon the widely-studiedback-pressure algorithm. We decouple the routing and schedulingcomponents of the algorithm by designing a probabilistic routingtable which is used to route packets to per-destination queues.The scheduling decisions in the case of wireless networks aremade using counters called shadow queues. The results arealso extended to the case of networks which employ simpleforms of network coding. In that case, our algorithm provides alow-complexity solution to optimally exploit the routing-codingtrade-off.

Reference
[1] Sprint IP network performance. Available at https://www.sprint.net/performance/.
[2] B. Awerbuch and T. Leighton. A simple localcontrol approximation algorithm for multicommodity flow. In Proc. 34th Annual Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, 1993.
[3] M. Bramson. Convergence to equilbria for fluid models of FIFO queueing networks. QueueingSystems:Theory and Applications, 22:5– 45, 1996.
[4] A. Brzezinski, G. Zussman, and E. Modiano. Enabling distributed throughput maximization in wireless mesh networks - a partitioning approach. In Proc. ACM Mobicom, Sep. 2006.
[5] L. Bui, R. Srikant, and A. L. Stolyar. A novel architecture for delay reduction in the backpressure scheduling algorithm. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking.Submitted, 2009.

The Topic Tracking Based on Modified VSM of Lexical Chain,S Sememe

Abstract: Vector Space Model (VSM) has aroused significant research attention in recent years due to its advantage in topic tracking. However, its effectiveness has been restrained by its incapability in revealing same-concept semantic information of different keywords or hidden semantic relations of the text, making the accuracy of topic tracking hardly guaranteed. Confronting these issues with concern, a modified VSM, namely Semantic Vector Space Model, is put forward. To establish the model, numerous lexical chains based on HowNet are first built, then sememes of the lexical chains are extracted as characteristics of feature vectors. Afterwards, initial weight and structural weight of the characteristics are calculated to construct the Semantic Vector Space Model, encompassing both semantic and structural information. The initial weight is collected from word frequency, while the structure weight is obtained from a designed calculation method: Each lexical chain structure weight is defined as (m + 1)/S, m is the number of the other similar chains, and S is the number of the reports used for extraction of the lexical chains. Finally, the model is applied in web news topic tracking with satisfactory experimental results, conforming the method to be effective and desirable.

Key words: Topic tracking, Vector Space Model, Lexical chain, Sememe

Reference
[1] YANG Yim-ing, CARBONELL J, BROWN R, et al. Learning Approaches for Detecting and Tracking News Event. IEEE Intelligent Systems: Special Issue on Applications of Intelligent Information Retrieval,14(4),1999, 32-43.
[2] Hu Jiming, Hu Changping. The user modeling based on topic hierarchy tree and semantic vector space model. Journal of intelligence, 32 (8), 2013.8, 838-843.
[3] Beydoun G，Lopez—Lorca A A，et a1．How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology．Journal of Systems and Software， 84 (12) ,2011，2363—2373．
[4] Jin Zhu Lin Hongfei. Topic tracking and tendency analysis based on HowNet. Journal of intelligence, 24 (5), 2005, 555-561.
[5] Gonenc E，Ilyas C．Using Lexical Chains for Keyword Extrac—tion．Information Processing and Management， 43(6), 2007，1705—1714．

Wireless Mesh Networks Path Planning, Power Control and Optimal Solutions

Abstract: Wireless mesh networks are considerd as a potential attractive alternative to provide Broadband acces to users. In this paper we address the following two questions: (i) Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set of data rows, what is the max-min achievable throughput? And (ii) How should the network be configured to achieve the optimum? Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set of data rows specified as source-destination pairs, what is the maximum achievable throughput, under certain constraints on the radio parameters in particular, on transmit power. How should the network be configured to achieve this maximum? Specifically, by configuration, we mean the complete choice of the set of links (i.e., topology), the routes, link schedules, and transmit powers and modulation schemes for each link.

Key words: Greedy pricing, optimal solutions, Path planning, Power control, Throughput,

Reference
[1] IEEE 802.16 Standard Group, [Online]. Available: http://www. ieee802. org/16/
[2] A. Karnik, A. Iyer, and C. Rosenberg, "Throughput-optimal configuration of wireless networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1161–1174, Oct. 2008.
[3] C. Joo, X. Lin, and N. Shroff, "Understanding the capacity region of the greedy maximal scheduling algorithm in multi-hop wireless networks," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2008, pp. 1103–1111.
[4] M. Johansson and L. Xiao, "Cross-layer optimization of wirelessnetworks using nonlinear column generation," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 435–445, Feb. 2006.
[5] M. Alicherry, R. Bhatia, and L. Li. Joint Channel Assignment and Routing for Throughput Optimization in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks. In Proc of the 11th ACM MobiCom, 2005.

Contrast Enhancement of Color Images with Bi-Histogram

Abstract: Histogram equalization is a widely used scheme for contrast enhancement in a variety of applications due to its simple function and effectiveness. One possible drawback of the histogram equalization is that it can change the mean brightness of an image significantly as a consequence of histogram flattening. Clearly, this is not a desirable property when preserving the original mean brightness of a given image is necessary. Bi-histogram equalization is able to overcome this drawback for gray scale images. In this paper, we explore the use of bi-histogram equalization based technique for enhancing RGB color images. The technique is based on cumulative density function of a quantized image. From the results it is concluded that bi-histogram equalization is able to improve the contrast of colored images significantly.

Key words: histogram equalization, histogram specification, Image enhancement, maximum entropy, mean brightness preserving.

Reference
[1] R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods "Digital image processing", third edition, 2008
[2] M. Yeong-Taekgi, "Contrast Enhancement Using Brightness Preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, no. 1, February 1997
[3] R. Anoop and M. Wilscy, "Enhancement contrast in color images using bilateral filter and Histogram Ezualization using wavelet coefficient", 978-0-7695-3546-3/08, 2008
[4] H. Yeganehl, A. Ziaei, A. Rezaie, "A Novel Approach for Contrast Enhancement Based on Histogram Equalization", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 2008 May 13-15, 2008
[5] A. Phillip, Z. Qiang, and J. JeflreyRodrz, "3-D Histogram Modification of Color Images", Proc. IEEE, pp. 1015-1018, 1996, pp. 1015-1018

Effective SCA Stimulation Proved To Be the Key Economic To Maximize Profitability in the Grgaf Group Formation of the Sirte Basin, Libya

Abstract: Implementing SCA treatment selection technique and design in Grgaf group formation to remove the excepted skin damage near well bore and improve well influx (productivity). The Grgaf Group Formation was responded positively to stimulation technique despite of the designed recommended volume 24 gal/ft.
An important part of SAC is the 'art' of diversion because in the treatment of a large interval and natural fracture that why it implemented on it. Therefore output results before treatment, the pressures were rise up, while the rates were dropped such as 800 psi at 0.615 and 1000 psi at 0.963 bpm. The initial injectivity test after treatment, the pressures were dropped and the rates were increased by ratio from 22 to 88% while the final injectivity after treatment, the rates were increased by ratio from 638 to 842.6 % in order to responsible for a major increase in productivity and amount of high –quality work Thus fractured quartzite that it supported to removed damage around wellbore.
The benefits of (SCA) is to accept very good feedback in design consideration and has made many improvement based on it and regards the acquisition of technical knowledge as one of the highest priorities profitability.

Key words: Stimulation, Grgaf Formation, Profitability, Sirte Basin, Libya

Reference
[1] Gumati and Kanes, 1985, p. 39-52. Gumati and Nairn , 1991, p. 93-102. van der Meer and Cloetingh, 1996, p. 211-230. Baird, et al. 1996, p. 3-56. Suleiman, et al. 1991, p. 2461-2468.
[2] Harding, 1984, p. 333-362. Baird, et al. 1996, p. 3-56. Gras and Thusu, 1998, p. 322. Wennekers, et al. 1996, figure 22. Listric faults: Baird, et al. 1996, p. 36-38.
[3] Vail, 1991, p. 2262. Klitzsch, 1971, p. 256-257. Haruj al Aswad: Klitzsch, 1971.
[4] Conant L. C., and Goudarzi, G. H. (1967). Stratigraphic and tectonic framework of Libya. American Association of Petroleum Geology Bullet. Vol. 51, P. 719-730.
[5] Clifford, A. C. (1986). African oil-past, present, and future, Am. Ass. Petrol, Geol., Mem., 40, P. 339-372.

Design Of Interval Type-Ii Fuzzy Logic Traffic Controller For Multilane Intersections With Emergency Vehicle Priority System Using Matlab Simulation

Abstract: During the past several years fuzzy logic control has swell from one of the major active and profitable areas for research in the application of fuzzy set, especially in the zone of industrial process which do not lead themselves to control conventional methods because of lack of quantitative data regarding the input-output relations. Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic- a logical system which is much closer in spirit to human thinking and natural language than conventional logical systems. The fuzzy logic controller based on fuzzy logic provides a means of converting a linguistic control strategy based on expert knowledge into an automatic control strategy. As in Fuzzy logic traffic controller, the need arises for simulating and optimizing traffic control algorithms to better accommodate this increasing demand. Fuzzy optimization deals with finding the values of input parameters of a complex simulated system which result in desired output. This paper presents a MATLAB simulation of fuzzy logic traffic interval type II controller for controlling flow of traffic in multilane paths. This controller is based on the waiting time and queue length of vehicles at present green phase and vehicles queue lengths at the other lanes. The controller controls the traffic light timings and phase difference to ascertain sebaceous flow of traffic with least waiting time and queue length. In this paper, the multilane model used consists of two alleyways in each approach. Every outlook has different value of queue length and waiting time, systematically, at the intersection. The maximum value of waiting time and vehicle queue length has to be selected by using proximity sensors as inputs to controller for the ameliorate control traffic flow at the intersection. An intelligent traffic model and fuzzy logic interval type II traffic controller are developed to evaluate the performance of traffic controller under different pre-defined conditions for oleaginous flow of traffic. Additionally, this fuzzy logic traffic controller has emergency vehicle siren sensors which detect emergency vehicle movement like ambulance, fire brigade, Police Van etc. and gives maximum priority to him and pass preferred signal to it.

Key words: Fuzzy Traffic Controller; Multilane Intersection; Vehicle Actuated Controller; Emergency Vehicle Selector, Fuzzy Interval type II.

Reference
[1.] Mohit Jha and Shailja Shukla. "Design of Fuzzy logic Traffic Controller for Isolated Intersection with Emergency Vehicle Periority System Using Matlab Simulation." CSIR Sponsored X Control Instrumentation System Conference - CISCON-2013 ISBN 978-93-82338-93-2 © 2013.
[2.] Lafuente-Arroyo, Sergio, et al. "A decision support system for the automatic management of keep-clear signs based on support vector machines and geographic information systems." Expert Systems with Applications 37.1 (2010): 767-773.
[3.] Nageswara, D., and K. Chandra Sekhara Reddy. "Design And Development Of Sensor Based Intelligent Traffic Light Controlling System."
[4.] DeVoe, Dustin, and Richard W. Wall. "A distributed smart signal architecture for traffic signal controls." Industrial Electronics, 2008. ISIE 2008. IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2008.
[5.] Zhu, Tongyu, et al. "An evaluation of travel time on urban road network." ITS Telecommunications (ITST), 2011 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. Cai, Yanru, et al.

Selection of Significant Features Using Decision Tree Classifiers

Abstract: Data Mining refers to extraction or mining knowledge from huge volume of data. Classification is an important data mining technique with various applications. It classifies data of various kinds and used to classify each item in a set of data into one of predefined set of classes or groups. This work has been carried out to select the most significant attributes from a dataset using Decision tree classifier j48.This Decision tree classification algorithm can be efficiently used in selecting the most significant feature of a dataset and hence we can reduce the dimensionality of a dataset and yet obtain a very good accuracy. In this paper we have selected two datasets from university of California, Irvine website, of weather and vote and applied j48 algorithm on it. After each iteration, one attribute is removed and its accuracy has been found .We have compared the accuracy of dataset with different attribute count and then selected the most significant features of dataset.

Reference
[1]. Olivier Henchiri , Nathalie Japkowicz. "A Feature Selection and Evaluation Scheme for Computer Virus Detection, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining ", (ICDM'06).
[2] M. Dash, H. Liu, Feature Selection for Classification, Intelligent Data Analysis 1 (1997) 131-156.
[3] Frank,A. & Asuncion ,A. (2010).UCI Machine Learning Repository [http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml].Irvine,CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science.
[4] Data mining book – kamber
[5] V.Vaithiyanathan, K.Rajeswari, Swati Tonge,, " Improved Apriori algorithm based on Selection Criterion", IEEE Conference ICCIC Dec 18-20, 2012, Coimbatore. Catalog Number: CFP1220J-ART ISBN: 978-1-4673-1344-5

Identification and Opinion Extraction throughUser Generated Content on Web Based Social Media

Abstract: Nowadays internet is becoming a platform where different user can post there ideas and opinions. The social networking sites and blogs offer a wide variety of such informative text which can be used to establish or determine a mindset for a particular product, person or individual. These blogs can be used as a vast source of information through which one can predict opinion as well as planning for different business strategies. Due to huge amount of information there is always need of specific tool or approach to mine useful text called opinion. Authors have proposed an approach of mining and classification for different real time datasets gathered from various sources of information, freely available on internet. Authors have tested the approach over these datasets and found suitable results. In this paper we propose a method that classifies a user-generated content on the basis of positive, negative, neutral, double negative, negative positive, triple negative.Authors has proposed rules for analyzing ideas and tested against dataset using Naive Bayes and Support Vector machine (SVM) model for accuracy and found best result 80.39 % for NB and 81.37 % for SVM.

IndexTerms Double Negative, Triple Negative, Negative Positive, 64 rules for polarity.

Reference
[1] Alexander Pak and Patrick Paroubek,"Twitter as a Corpus for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining,"In the proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC',may 2010),pp.347– 354.
[2] Pang, B., Lee, L., and Vaithyanathan, S., "Thumbs up?: sentiment classification using machine learning techniques," in Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing, 2002, pp. 79-86.
[3] B.Pang and L.Lee,"Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis,"Foundations and Trends in Information retrival,vol.2,nos.1-2,2008,pp.1-135.
[4] Bing Liu,"Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity,in NLP Handbook, 2nd Edition, N. Indurkhya and F. J. Damerau,USA-Chapman and Hall/CRC,2010,pp.
[5] Bing Liu,SentimentAnalysis and Opinion Mining,Morgan& ClaypoolPublishers,May 2012,pp. 30-43. R.Nicole, ―Titleofpaperwithonlyfirstwordcapitalized,‖ J.NameStand.Abbrev.,inpress.

Scaling Up Biomass Gasifier Use in India; Barriers Interventions & Remedies: A Review

Abstract: In India, work on gasifiers for energy applications started in the early 1980s. These efforts received a boost with the Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources‟ (DNES, latter MNES, now a ministry, MNRE) dissemination program that was initiated in 1987. While this subsidy-based program was successful in placing about 1200 gasifier systems for irrigation pumping in the field, most of these units were non-operational soon after for lots of reasons. Despite all this, large-scale gasifier deployment has still not taken off in India. The fact that scale -up did not take place automatically even in cases where gasifiers are economically clearly feasible indicates that there are a number of issues to be considered and barriers to be overcome for successful large-scale deployment. To facilitate gasifier deployment among poorer and nonskilled users (i.e., unorganized, small-scale firms, rural areas); and lack of systematic programs targeted towards scale-up. Especially important is the fact that the particulars of implementing gasifier-based energy systems depend on the kind of application and context; therefore the approach has to be tailored to the specific application – this impedes the potential success of any single approach to scale-up.

Key words: Biomass, Gasifier, Gasifiication, renewableenergy, scaling-up

Reference
[1] Goldemberg J. 2000. 'Rural Energy in Developing Countries'. Chap 10. In World Energy Assessment- and the Challenge of Sustainability , UNDP pp: 367-392
[2] MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources). 2001. "Renewable Energy in India, Business Opportunities‟. Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) Government of India, New Delhi, pp 42-44; 65-67.
[3] MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources). 2002. "Annual Report 2001-2002'. Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India, New Delhi.
[4] Someshekhar H.J, S.Dasappa, and N.H. Ravindranath. 2000. "Rural bioenergy centers based on biomass gasifiers for decentralized power generation: case study of two villages in southern India‟. Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume IV, No.3, pp: 55-63
[5] Reddy, A.K.N. 2000. 'Energy and Social Issues'. Chap 2. In World Energy Assessment- Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, UNDP: 41-60

A Systematic Look at Code Performance and System Simulation

Abstract: The most standard method in improvise a system's efficiency in Digital communication is channel coding but this methods is not been able to extend its features for high speed links. Growing demands in network speeds are placing a large burden on the energy efficiency of high-speed links and render the benefit of channel coding for these systems a timely subject. The low error rates of interest and the presence of residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by hardware constraints impede the analysis and simulation of coded high-speed links. Focusing on the residual ISI and collective noise as the dominant error mechanisms, this paper analyzes error correlation through concepts of error region, channel signature, and correlation distance. This framework provides a deeper insight into joint error behaviors in high-speed links, extends the range of statistical simulation for coded high-speed links, and provides a case against the use of biased Monte Carlo methods in this setting. Finally, based on a hardware test bed, the performance of standard binary forward error correction and error detection schemes is evaluated, from which recommendations on coding for high-speed links are derived.

Key words: Communication systems, Integrated circuit interconnections, Intersymbol interference (ISI).

Reference
[1] G. D. Forney, Digital Communications II (6.451) Lecture Notes, M.I.T. (available at ocw.mit.edu).
[2] W. C. Huffman, V. Pless, Fundamentals of Error-Correcting Codes, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
[3] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th ed., New York, New York: MacGraw- Hill, 2000.
[4] M. Lee, ―Channel-and-circuits-aware Energy-efficient Coding for High-speed Links,‖ S.M. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006.
[5] V. Stojanovic, A. Amirkhany and M.A. Horowitz, ‖Optimal linear precoding with theoretical and practical data rates in high-speed serial-Link backplane communication,‖ IEEE International Conference on Communications,June 2004.

Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness & Material Remove Rate of AISI D2 Steel For Turning

Abstract: In order to produce any product with desired quality by machining, proper selection of process parameters is essential. This can be accomplished by Full Factorial method. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of process parameter on surface finish and material removal rate (MRR) to obtain the optimal setting of these process parameters and the analysis of variance is also used to analysis the influence of cutting parameters during machining. In this work AISI D2 steel work pieces are turned on conventional all gear lathe by using carbide tool. In the present work, Design of Experiment (DOE) with full factorial design has been explored to produce 27 specimens on AISI D2 Steel by straight turning operation MRR will be calculated from MRR equation. Collected data related to surface roughness have been utilized for optimization. ANOVA analysis gives the percentage contribution of each process parameter. Cutting speed is the most effective parameter which affects surface roughness in straight turning operation. Feed rate and depth of cut are most effective on material removal rate for turning operations. Grey relational analysis is used for finding out the optimal condition for surface roughness and material removal rate for straight turning operation. Grey relational analysis give the better surface finish at low speed, low feed rate and high depth of cut.

Key words: Full Factorial Method, Machining Parameters, Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate (MRR), ANOVA Analysis

Reference
[1] M. Kaladhar, K. Venkata Subbaiah, Ch. Srinivasa Rao. "Determination of Optimum Process Parameters during turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels using Taguchi method and ANOVA" International Journal of Lean Thinking Volume 3, Issue 1 (June 2012) pp.1-19.
[2] Muammer Nalbant, Hasan Gokkaya, Ihsan Toktas, Gokhan Sur. "The experimental investigation of the effects of uncoated, PVD- and CVD-coated cemented carbide inserts and cutting parameters on surface roughness in CNC turning and its prediction using artificial neural networks" Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 25 (2009) pp.211–223.
[3] Anil Gupta, Hari Singh, Aman Aggarwal. "Taguchi-fuzzy multi output optimization (MOO) in high speed CNC turning of AISI P-20 tool steel" Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) pp.6822–6828.
[4] B Fnides, M A Yallese, T Mabrouki, J F Rigal. "Application of response surface methodology for determining cutting force model in turning hardened AISI H11 hot work tool steel" Sadhana Vol. 36, Part 1 (2011) pp.109–123.
[5] Sukumar, Poornima. "Optimization of machining parameters in CNC turning of martensitic stainless steel using RSM and GA" International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2, Issue.2, (Apr. 2012) pp.539-542.

Implementing Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract: As the necessity of exchanging and sharing data increases, users demand easy connectivity, and fast networks whether they are at work, at home, or on the move. Nowadays, users are interested in interconnecting all their personal electronic devices (PED_s) in an ad hoc fashion on the move. This type of network is referred to as Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). When in such network a smart antenna System (SAS) is implemented then we can achieve maximum capacity and improve the quality and coverage. So we are intended to implement such a SAS in the MANET. In this paper we have shown significance of Throughput and Bit Error Rate by implementing SAS in MANET using MATLABR2010a.

Key words: Smart Antenna System (SAS), Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Constant modulus algorithm (CMA), nodes, direction of arrival (DOA).

Reference
[1] Constantine A. Balanis, Panayiotis I. Ioannides, "Introduction to Smart Antennas", Lecture #5, Copyright © 2007 by Morgan & Claypool.
[2] Mohammed A. Abdala and Areej K. Al-Zuhairy, "Integration of Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2013.
[3] Azzedine Boukerche, "Algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks", University of Ottawa, Canada, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey,2009, p-p 129-164.
[4] Dr. Sunilkumar S. Manvi, Mahabaleshwar S.Kakkasageri, "Wireless and Mobile Networks Concepts and protocols", Wiley India Pvt.Ltd, 2011, ch 8.
[5] Nwalozie G.C, Okorogu V.N, Umeh K.C, and Oraetue C.D, "Performance Analysis of Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) Blind Adaptive Algorithm for Smart Antennas in a W-CDMA Network", International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 1, Issue 2, November 2012.

Implementing Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Equitable Domination in Fuzzy Graphs

Probabilistic Behaviour of A Redundant Complex System with Imperfect Switching, Environmental Common Cause and Human Error Effects under Head-Of-Line Repair Discipline

Abstract: Series-parallel systems are made up of combination several series & parallel configuration to obtain system reliability down into homogeneous subsystems. This is very simple to analyse a simple series-parallel system without any error effects, But very difficult to analyse a complex system with various error effects. This paper we presented mathematical analysis of a Redundant Complex System with Imperfect switching, Environmental and Common Cause and Human error effects under Head of Line Repair Discipline.

Key words: Imperfect switching, Reliability, Availability, MTTF, State Transition diagram.

Reference
[1] Gupta, P.P. and Agarwal, S.C. : A parallel redundant complex system with two types of failure under different repair discipline, IEEE Trans. Reliability, Vol R-32, 1983.
[2] Kontoleon, J.M. and Kontoleon, N., 1974. Reliability Analysis of a system subjected to partial & Catastrophic Failures, IEEE Trans. On Rel., Vol. R-23, pp 277-278.
[3] Mittal, S.K., Gupta, Ritu and C.M. Batra, 2007. Probabilistic behavior of a Redundant Complex System, With Imperfect Switching and Environmental Effects under Head of Line Repair Discipline, Bulletin of pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6E(1), 2007, pp. no.43- 58.
[4] Mittal S.K., Agarwal, S.C., and Kumar Sachin, 2004. Operational Behaviour of a parallel redundant complex system with two types of failures with environmental effect under Pre- Emptive Resume Repair Discipline, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 23E (No.2), pp.253-263.

Home Automation System Using Capacitive Touchscreen

Abstract: Technology has been constantly evolving and with the advent of touchscreen in human life , devices are much easier and simple to operate. This work is mainly focused on building home automation system which is more user friendly and thus can be operated by anyone. Earlier home automation systems were completely mechanically operated and thus required a lot of maintenance and were costly also. Now that human and computer interaction has been developed into a more wide and sophisticated field , designing and operating of intelligence system has been more user friendly than ever. Home automation is a system that helps a user to operate switching various appliances and lighting devices from a single input. The touchscreen used as input is much simpler to operate. Touchscreen has been widely accepted as the most comfortable input to be provided to the user. Not only they are easy to operate but they also give a sense of personal involvement which the user always appreciate. The materials used in this system are easily available in the local market so that the touch screen sytem is cost effective .

Key words: Touchscreen , pic microcontroller, interfacing , sensor

Reference
[1] Keuling, Christopher "Touchscreen Press Deep Into Consumer Electronics". ECN Magazine.
[2] R. A. Quinnell, "TOUCHSCREEN TECHNOLOGY", EDN, NOV 1995.
[3] Wilson, Tracy "HowStuffWorks: Multi-touch System".
[4] M.H Sherif "Intelligent homes: A new Challenge in telecommunications standardization", Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, no. 1, pp.8 2002
[5] M Weiser "The Computer for the 21st Century", Scientific American, pp.94 -104 1991

Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Calculation for Electron Transport through Magnetic Tunnel Junction

Abstract: In this paper non-equilibrium Green's function method –dependent electron transport through non magnetic layer (insulator ) has been studied in one dimension .electron transport in multi-layer (magnetic/non magnetic/ magnetic)layers is studied as quantum .the result show increasing the binding strength of the electrical insulator transition probability density case , the electron density , broad levels of disruption increases. Broad band connection increases the levels of disruption to electrical insulation and show non- conductive insulating state to semiconductor stat and even conductor

Reference
[1]. S. Mathis Jaya and M. C. Valsakumar, Euro. Phys. J. B, 72, 41 (2009)
[2]. Esaki. TsuR, (1970), IBMJ.Res.Dev.14, 6.
[3]. Omar-M.A.Elewentary Solid state physics, (1975), principles and Application Addisonwesley.
[4]. Mohn-p. Magetism in the solid state, an introduction (2006), Springer series in solid-state sciences.134.
[5]. Heisenberg,(1926),zeitschf.physik38441

Inverse Split and Non split Domination in Fuzzy graphs

Abstract: In this paper we define the notions of inverse split and non split domination in fuzzy graphs. We get many bounds on inverse split and non split domination numbers.

Key words: dominating set, split dominating set, inverse split dominating set, non split dominating set, inverse non split dominating set.

Reference
[1.] Q.M.Mahyoub and N.D.Soner The Split domination number of fuzzygraphs
[2.] S.Ghobadi ,N.D.Soner and Q.M.Mahyoub Inverse dominating set infuzzy graphs
[3.] K.Ameenal Bibi and R.Selvakumar The inverse split and non -splitdominations in graphs
[4.] A.Somasundaram, S.Somasundaram, domination in fuzzy graphs - I,February - 1998.
[5.] Fuzzy graphs and fuzzy hypergraphs by John N.Mordeson,Premchand S.Nair

A Mathematical Model for the Fetal Movement

Abstract: Depression is prevalent in pregnant women, affecting 10-25% of women. A mathematical model is used to study the prenatal depression which effects on the fetus and newborn. The results are obtained by mathematical formulas.

Key words: Depression, Fetal movement, Mean time between failures (MTBF), Pregnancy, Projection Model.

Reference
[1] Abrams, S.M., Field, T., Scafidi, F., & Prodromidis, M. (1995). Newborns of depressed mothers. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16, 233-239.
[2] Crow, L.H. Reliability Growth Projection from Delayed Fixes, Proceedings 1983, Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, pp.84-89.
[3] Crow, L.H., Achieving High Reliability, RAC Journal, Vol. 4, 2000, Reliability Analysis Center, Rome, NY.
[4] Crow, L.H., Reliability Analysis for Complex, Repairable Systems in Reliability and Biometry, ed. By F.Prochan and R.J. Sarling, pp.379-410, 1974, Philadelphia, SIAM.
[5] Dieter, J.N.I., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Jones, N.a., LeCanuet, J.P., Salman, F.A., et al. (2001). Maternal depression and increased fetal activity. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21, 468-473.

A Shock Model for the Pregnancy at Pre Partum and Post Partum

Abstract: In this paper, a shock model for the effect of stress in terms of cortisol is studied. Assume that shocks arrive according to a Poisson process. Shocks are events which cause perturbation to the system, leading to its deterioration and consequent failure. The Cartisol Awakening Responds (CAR) at pre partum and post partum are compared by this model.

Key words: Cartisol Awakening Responds (CAR), Delivery, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), Pregnancy, Shock model.

Reference
[1] Altemus M, Deuster PA, Galliven E, Carter CS, Gold PW. 1995. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80:2954-2959.
[2] Brunton PJ, Russell JA. 2008. The expectant brain: Adapting for motherhood. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:11-25.
[3] Esary, JD, Marshall, AW & Proschan, F 1973, 'Shock model and wear processes', Annals of Probability, vol. 1, pp. 627-649.
[4] Glow A, Thorn L, Evans P, Hucklebridge F. 2004. The awakening cortisol response: Methodological issues and significance. Stress 7:29-37.
[5] Lam, Y & Zhang, YL 2004, 'A shock model for the maintenance problem of a repairable system', Computers and Operations Research, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1807-1820.

Weibull Distributions for the Preterm Delivery

Abstract: The purposes of this study are to evaluate the levels of CRH at pregnancy by using Weibull distributions. Also this study found the rate of change in placental CRH and the level of maternal cortisol in preterm delivery by the mathematical formulas.

Key words: Cortisol, Corticotrophic-releasing hormone (CRH), Delivery, Mixture distribution, Pregnancy, Weibull distribution.

Reference
[1] Ahmad, K.E. and Abdul Rahman, A.M. (1994) Upgrading a Nonlinear Discriminate Function Estimated from a Mixture of two Weibull Distributions, Mathematics and Computer Modelling, 18, 41-51.
[2] Boorse GC, Denver RJ. Acceleration of ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis by corticotrophin-releasing hormone. J Exp Zool 2002; 293:94-98.
[3] Denver RJ, Environmental stress as a developmental cue: corticotrophin-releasing hormone is a proximate mediator of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis. Horm Behav 1997; 31:161- 179.
[4] Denver RJ,. Evolution of the corticotrophinreleasing hormone signaling system and its role in stress-induced phenotypic plasticity. In: Sandman CA, Strand FL, Beckwith B, Chronwall BM, Flynn FW, Nachman Raj., editors. Neuropeptides: structure and function in biology and behavior. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences; 1999. p. 46-53.
[5] Florio P, Franchini A, Reis FM, Pezzani I, Ottaviani E, Petraglia F. Human placenta, chorion amnion and deciduas express different variants of corticoptropinreleasing factor receptor messenger RNA. Placenta 2000; 21:32-37.

Active Solar Energy Use Approaching Sustainability

Abstract: Nowadays, sustainability becomes one of the most important issues that should be taken into consideration in various fields especially in architecture. Our responsibility for the future generation insinuates us for using renewable energy sources and integrating this pioneer system into the built environment. Although the world is facing problems of fossil fuel resources but unfortunately Utilization of solar energy received limited attention until recently. However, Integrating of active solar energy devices into the building envelopes is one of the good strategies for heat producing and power generating simultaneously from the same building. This paper discusses some characteristics about integration of PV s and solar thermal collectors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find suitable and possible ways of PV s and solar thermal collector's building integration in order to increasing energy efficiency without any impact on architectural features.

Key words: active solar system, building integration, power supply, hot water supply, energy efficiency

Reference
[1] Basnet, A.(2012). Architectural Integration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collector Systems into buildings.published master thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
[2] Breyer,C., Knies,G.(2009).Global Energy Supply Potential Of Concentrating Solar Power. Proceedings SolarPACES 2009, Berlin
[3] Fordham, M.(1999). Photovoltaics in Buildings A Design Guide. Report No ETSU S/P2/00282/REP, East Tennessee State University.
[4] Henning, H. M .. (2007). "Solar-Assisted Air-Conditioning in Buildings, A Handbook for Planners", Second Revised Edition; IEA Solar Heating &Cooling Program, Springer Verlag
[5] Hestnes, A. G. (1999). Building Integration of Solar Energy Systems. Journal of Solar Energy, 67(4-6), pp.181-187

Characterization of Multi Crystalline PV Modules under Standard Test Conditions and its Comparison with other Module Types

Abstract: Photovoltaic modules based on the relatively high efficiency crystalline technology are gaining importance in the photovoltaic market. Improving module performance is driven by a focus on lifetime yields and requirements of space – constraints sites. The materials used not only in thin film technologies but also crystalline pose problems in terms of measuring how much power is generated under STC. The fact that the modules power rates vary depends both on the amount of time they have been exposed to the sun and on their history of sunlight exposure in order to know the current state of the module. It is necessary to determine an easily accomplishable testing method that ensures the repeatability of the measurements of the power generated. This is essential because in order to have a reliable sample of the PV module population of a large PV plant, a huge no of modules must be measured. This paper shows different tests performed on different commercial crystalline PV modules both multi and mono, in order to find the best way to obtain measurements. A correlation was tested between sun exposure and power measured. A method for obtaining indoor measurements that takes periods of sunlight exposure into account is proposed. Also, temperature and irradiance coefficients were also determined for different technologies in order to obtain accurate measurements. Tests are operated in outdoor exposure and natural sunlight located in Gurgaon Region of Haryana (India) as specific composite climate environment, characterized by high irradiation and temperature levels.

Key words: Crystalline PV Module, CdTe, Light Soaking, power conditioning, thin film.

Reference
[1] M. A. Munoz, O. Marin, M.C. Alonso-Garcia, F.Chenlo, Thin film characterization under standard test conditions, 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain, 2010, 6-10 September.
[2] IEC 60904-1, 1998, Photovoltaic devices Part-1: Measurement of photovoltaic current- voltage characteristics.
[3] T.W. Cannon, R. Hulstrom and D.T. Trudell, New instrumentation for measuring spectral effects during outdoor and indoor PV device testing, Proc. 23rd IEEE PhotovoltaicSpecialists Conference, Lousivelle, USA, 1993, 1176-1179, ISBN0-7803-1220-1.
[4] T. Minimoto, S. Nagar, H. Takahura, Impact of spectral irradiance distribution and temperature on the outdoor performance of amorphous Si photovoltaic modules, Solar energy materials and solar cells, 91, 2007, 919-923.
[5] R. Gottschalg, T.R Betts, D.G. Infield, M. J. Kearney, The effects of spectral variations on the performance parameters of single and double junction amorphous silicon solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and solar cells, 85, 2005, 415-428.

Geostatical Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by Using Gis

Abstract: Ground waters are the major resources to meet out the entire requirements. Pollution of air, water and land has an effect on the quality of the ground waters. The chemical characteristics of groundwater in Salem taluk of Salem district have been studied using Geostatistical modeling to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation and domestic uses. The 32 water samples from PWD wells taken during the years 1999 to 2009 for post monsson and pre monsoon were tested for various chemical parameters like pH and TDS .The Geostatistical analyst of mean, mode, standard deviation, cluster & simple to study the spatial pattern of contamination movement for the years 1999 to 2009. Trend analysis was performed to identify trends in the input dataset. The concentrations of physical and chemical constituents in the water samples were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard to know the suitability of water for drinking.

Key words: National Highway, Remote sensing, Alignment Using Gis, Shortest route

Reference
[1]. Aller, L., Bennett, T., Lehr, J. H., Petty, R. and G. Hackett. 1987. DRASTIC: A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory,
[2]. Asnachinda, P. 1996. Microbial activities and nature content in shallow groundwater at Ban Na Kob, Chom Thong district, Chiang Mai province. Paper presented at International Symposium on Geology and Environment, Chiang Mai, January 31- February 2, 1996.
[3]. Atkinson, S. F., Thomlinson, J. R., Hunter, B. A., Coffey, J. M. and K. L. Dickson. 1992.
[4]. The DRASTIC ground water pollution potential of Texas. Center for Remote Sensing and Landuse Analyses, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. 41 p
[5]. Banton, O. and J. P. Villeneuve. 1989. Evaluation of ground water vulnerability to pesticides: A comparison between the pesticide DRASTIC index and the PRZM leaching quantities. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 4: 285-296. Barbash, J. E. and E. A. Resek. 1996. Pesticides in ground water: distribution, trends, and governing factors. Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 588 p

Saline Ground Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity

Abstract: Salinisation of land and rivers is a problem of national importance in India. Appropriate land management options to alleviate salinisation should be chosen with knowledge of the effects of land management on stream flow, stream salinity, stream salt load and land productivity. The Management of Catchment Salinisation (MCS) modelling approach has been described in earlier work. It links a one-dimensional soil water model with a groundwater model to investigate the effects of management options in study areas of approximately 50 km2. The one dimensional model is used to characterize the annual soil water balance as a function of underlying aquifer Vpotential for all required combinations of soil, vegetation and groundwater salinity. It includes the effect of salt accumulation on plant water use. A groundwater model is then used to estimate the depth to water table across the study area that reflects the topography, hydrogeology and the distribution of vegetation. The MCS model is used to investigate the potential effects of future land use scenarios on catchment salt and water balance. Land use scenarios that have been considered include: forest plantations, revegetation with native trees and shrubs, and development of small areas of crops (10 to 20 ha) irrigated with groundwater. This project focuses on the development of small crop areas irrigated with groundwater and investigates the sustainability of these schemes. It also compares the reduction of catchment salt load export under irrigation development with the reduction under afforestation

Key words: National Highway, Remote sensing, Alignment Using Gis, Shortest route

Reference
[1]. Abersen, P. J., H. E. D. Houba, M. A., Keyser (2003), Pricing a raindrop in a processbased model: General methodology and a case study of the Upper-Zambezi, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28, 182-193.
[2]. Ancev, T., (2011), Salinity Offsets in Australia. EU-EPI WATER Deliverable D6.1 – IBE Review reports. http://www.feem-project.net/epiwater/docs/d32-d6- 1/CS22_Australia.pdf.
[3]. Angelaskis, A. N., M. H. F. M. Domonte, L. Bontoux, and T. Asano (1999), Status of wastewater reuse practice in the Mediterranean basin: Need for guidelines, Water Resources 33, 2201-2217.
[4]. Appelo, C. A. J., D. Postma (2nd Edition), (2005), Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, Balkema Publishers, Leiden, pp. 649.
[5]. Appels, W. M., P. W. Bogaart, and S. E. A. T. M. Van der Zee (2011), Influence of spatial variations of microtopography and infiltration on surface runoff and field scale hydrological connectivity, Advances in Water Resources, 34, 303-313.

Developing a Planning Framework for Accessible and Sustained Urban Agriculture

Abstract: Food insecurity threatens communities across the Tamilnadu States, characterized by environmental degradation, decreasing agricultural land, rising social inequities, skewed communities, and public health issues. Urban agriculture provides an opportunity to counteract food system problems and empower individuals. Urban agriculture is broadly defined as food production in urban spaces. Despite its benefits, urban agriculture is threatened by institutional barriers. Urban agriculture is not fully supported by municipal laws and policies, making it vulnerable and impermanent. Therefore, developing and implementing planning policies, laws, and programs to support urban agriculture will establish its practices and support its benefits. Research focuses on broad policies, comprehensive plans, zoning ordinances, and organizational infrastructure. Samples are drawn from cities across the Tamilnadu States, including San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, Cleveland, Seattle, and Chicago. Discussion, comparison, and evaluation are based on public input and comment. Because of the very recent and ongoing nature of urban agriculture planning measures, discussed policies, laws, and programs are sometimes incomplete or in the process of being adopted. This thesis establishes opportunities, examples, and boundaries for developing an urban agriculture planning framework and potential nationwide municipal application.

Key words: Planning, Framework, Farming , Urban Agriculture,

Reference
[1]. Aalbers H, Balkema A & Heijndermans E. 1996. Workshop on Sustainable Municipal Waste Water Treatment Systems. ETC Netherlands in cooperation with WASTE, Leusden, 12-14 November 1996.
[2]. Armar-Klemesu M & Maxwell D. 1999. Urban agriculture: a case study of Accra. Legon: University of Ghana.
[3]. Barrs Robert. 1997. Sustainable urban food production in the City of Vancouver: an analytical and strategy framework for planners and decision-makers. Vancouver, BC: City Farmer, Canada's Office of Urban Agriculture.
[4]. Berg Leo van den & Zeeuw Henk de. 1998. Urbane landbouw: vele vormen. In: Albert Heringa et al. Uitdagingen van het stedelijk milieu voor ons werk. Den Haag: Stichting Nederlandse Vrijwilligers, pp 18-22.
[5]. Bowyer-Bower TAS & Tengbeh G. 1995. The environmental implications of (illegal) urban agriculture in Harare, Zimbabwe. Working Paper 4. Presented at ODA Workshop on the Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts of (Illegal) Urban Agriculture in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery Irrigation System, India, Using Remote Sensing and Gis Technology

Abstract: Evaluation of any irrigation project involves the assessment of area, improved by the project. Irrigated agriculture will play a major role in determining the future food security of most Asian countries, and it will also be the major contributor to the additional food production required as world population expands. Therefore, it is important to raise the agricultural performance of low productivity/ irrigation systems, while sustaining the performance of more-productive systems. In many countries, and particularly in India, accurate evaluation of irrigation system performance and sustainability is hampered by lack of adequate, reliable, and timely irrigation statistics. Usually, performance indicators such as yield, cropping intensity, and irrigation intensity are measured at an aggregated level, often at the state or national levels. Data at project level are rarely collected. If collected, they frequently are unreliable or not easily accessible. It is in this context emerging technologies in irrigation management, applied remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to study the Cauvery Irrigation System and to analyze agricultural performance issues. The diagnostic analysis of the operation of the Cauvery canal command area in south side India reported here was the result of collaborative research by the National Remote Sensing Agency. Satellite remote sensing was utilized to obtain data on basic agronomic characteristics and crop yield. Hydrologic analysis based on ground data was carried out, aided by GIS and supplemented with output data from a distributed computer model that simulates the spatiotemporal behaviour of canal water, soil water, and groundwater. The salient findings from this research are reported here and in Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Models for Performance Assessment in Irrigation Circle, India. The Cauvery Irrigation System is above average in agricultural performance compared with other irrigation systems in Tamilnadu.

Key words: Cauvery Irrigation System, Cropping Intensity, Hydrologic Analysis, Tamilnadu, Crop Yield.

Reference
[1]. Bender MJ, Simonovic SP. 2000. A fuzzy compromise approach to water resource systems planning under uncertainty. Fuzzy sets and Systems 115:35-44.
[2]. Chen SM, 1994. A new method for handling multicriteria fuzzy decision making problems. Cybernetics and System 25:409-420.
[3]. Cornell G. 2001. Visual Basic 6 from the Ground up. Tata McGraw Hill: New Delhi, India.
[4]. Heyder WE, Gates TK, Fontane DG. Salas JD. 1991. Multicriterion strategic planning for improvd irrigation delivery. II: application. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 117:914-934.
[5]. Karamouz M, Kerachian R, Zahraie B. Nejhard SA. 2002. Monitoring and evaluation scheme using the multiple-criteria-decision making technique: application to irrigation projects. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128: 341-350.

Identification And Analysis Of Pollution In Thirumani Muthar River Using Remote Sensing

Abstract: This study focused on water quality for Thirumanimuthar river basin, the possible auxiliary drinking water source of salem town tamilnadu. Through remote sensing (RS) approach, water quality retrieval models were established and analyzed for eight common concerned water quality variables, including algae content, turbidity, and concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus, by using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data. The results showed that there existed a statistical significant correlation between each water quality variable and remote sensing data in the slightly-polluted inland water body with fairly weak spectral radiation. With appropriate method of sampling pixel digital numbers and multiple regression algorithms, algae content, turbidity, and nitrate nitrogen concentration could be retrieved within 10% mean relative error, concentrations of total nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus within 20%, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus within 30% while chemical oxygen demand had no effective retrieval method. These accuracies were acceptable for the practical applications of routine monitoring and early warning on water quality safety with some support of precise traditional monitoring.

Key words: Thirumanimuthur, Remote sensing, Ground water, Hydro Geochemical.

Reference
[1] Ajibade, L.T, Ifabiyi, I.P.,Iroye, K.A. and Ogunteru, S, (2010), Morphometic Analysis of Ounapa Drainage Basins, Ibadan,Nigeria.Journal Of Environment Studies And Management, 3, pp.13-19.
[2] Dury, G.H, (1952) Methods of Cartographical Analysis in Geomorphological Research Silver Jubilee Volume, Indian Geographical Society, Madras, pp.136-139.
[3] Freeman, T.G, (1991), Calculating The Catchment Area with Divergent Flow Based on A Regular Grid: Computers And Geosciences, 17, pp.413-422.
[4] H. Shahabi, (2012), Application of GIS Models in Site Selection of Waste disposal in Urban, Area, Journal Of Applied Physics, 1, pp.01-07.
[5] Horton R.E, (1932), Drainage Basin Characteristics, Trans. Am.Geophys.Unon, 13, pp.350-361.

Comparison of Air Cooled and Evaporatively Cooled Refrigerartion Systems – A Review Paper

Abstract: The air cooled condensers are widely used as they are less costly and give satisfactory performance. But their performance is greatly affected by the temperature of cooling media which is ambient air. To deal this problem we can use water cooled condenser. But their cost and maintenance limit their use. The performance improvement of Air cooled condensers can be achieved by using evaporative cooling. This method may prove quiet effective and less costly. There are researchers working on the above issue. Few of them have successfully implemented the research in practice. The paper deals with a few papers using the evaporative cooling. The applications include domestic as well as industrial.

Key words: Air cooled condenser, Evaporative cooling

Reference
[1] E. Hajidavalloo, H. Eghtedari, Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser, International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 33 (2010) 982–988.
[2] Ebrahim Hajidavalloo, Application of evaporative cooling on the condenser of window-air-conditioner, Applied Thermal Engineering vol .27 (2007) 1937–1943
[3] F. W. Yu , K. T. Chan, Application of Direct Evaporative Coolers for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Air-Cooled Chillers , Journal of Solar Energy Engineering vol. 127 Aug 2005
[4] M.M. Nasr, M. Salah Hassan, Experimental and theoretical investigation of an innovative evaporative condenser for residential refrigerator, Renewable Energy vol. 34 (2009) 2447–2454
[5] Xiangsheng Wu, Xiaofeng Yang, Performance enhancement of air-cooled chillers with water mist: Experimental and analytical investigation, Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 40 (2012) 114-120

Experimental Analysis Of 80 Tr Capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller Using R-22 & R-407c.

Abstract: In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, in air handling units or other types of terminal devices which cool the air in their respective space(s), and then the water is re-circulated back to the chiller to be cooled again. These cooling coils transfer sensible heat and latent heat from the air to the chilled water, thus cooling and usually dehumidifying the air stream. The experiment works on 80 TR capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller systems. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is used for cooling chilling water. Capacity of compressor is taken same for the different refrigerants used for experimental analysis. During experimental work used R-22 and R-407C as refrigerants. Theoretical COP of system with R-22 refrigerant is 4.166 and actual COP is 2.227. For 80 TR capacity scroll air cooled chiller, theoretical COP of system with R-407c refrigerant is 3.465 and actual COP is 2.745 respectively. Based on the result analysis the same capacity of air cooling system with scroll compressor Actual COP of R-407C is higher than R-22. It means R-407C is also a alternative refrigerant for air cooled chilling system and also for HVAC system.

Key words: Air Chiller, Scroll Compressor, Vapour compression cycle, COP, HVAC system

Reference
[1] Hundy, G. F., "Applications of scroll compressors for supermarket refrigeration," Institute of Mechanical Engineers Seminar Publication, Vol. 15, pp. 67-79, (1998).
[2] Voltas Limited EM&R Business Group Sales Headquarters Dadra&Haveli . R-407c The Engineers Guide Zero Ozone Depleting Refrigerant for Air Conditioning and heat pump systems.
[3] Yu,F.W ,Chan,K.T, Experimental Determination of the Energy Efficiency of an Air-Cooled Chiller under part load Conditions, Energy, and vol. 30: p. 1747-1758. (2005).
[4] Shao, S., Shi, W., Li, X. and Chen, H., Performance representation of variable-speed compressor for inverter air conditioners based on experimental data. International Journal of Refrigeration 27, 805–815., (2004).
[5] Björk, E. and Palm, B., Performance of a domestic refrigerator under influence of varied expansion device capacity, refrigerant charge and ambient temperature, International Journal of Refrigeration, 29, 789–798, (2006).

Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis of Panamarathupatti Lake, Salem

Abstract: Land use and land cover change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. Urban expansion has brought serious losses of agriculture land, vegetation land and water bodies. Urban sprawl is responsible for a variety of urban environmental issues like decreased air quality, increased runoff and subsequent flooding, increased local temperature, deterioration of water quality, etc. In this work we have taken Panamarathupatti lake salem city as case to study the urban expansion and land cover change that took place in a span of 36 years from 1973 to 2009. Remote sensing methodology is adopted to study the geographical land use changes occurred during the study period.
Landsat images of TM and ETM+ of Panamarathupatti lake salem city area are collected from the USGS Earth Explorer web site. After image pre-processing, un-supervised and supervised image classification has been performed to classify the images in to different land use categories. Five land use classes have been identified as Urban (Built-up), Water body, Agricultural land, Barren land and Vegetation. Classification accuracy is also estimated using the field knowledge obtained from field surveys. The obtained accuracy is between 73 to80 percent for all the classes. Change detection analysis shows that Built-up area has been increased by 372.28%, agricultural area has been decreased by 65.16% and barren area reduced by 60.98%. Information on urban growth, land use and land cover change study is very useful to local government and urban planners for the betterment of future plans of sustainable development of the city.

Key words: Urban sprawl, Land-use and land-cover change, geographic information system, Change detection analysis

Reference
[1]. C. Seto, C. E. Woodcock, C. Song, X. Huang, J. Lu And R. K. Kaufmann,(2002), Monitoring land-use change in the Pearl River Delta using Landsat TM, Int. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 23, No. 10, 1985–2004.
[2]. J.Li and H.M.Zhao, (2003), Detecting Urban Land Use and LandCover Changes in Mississauga using Landsat TM images, 2(1), 38-47.
[3]. S.Tamilenthi1, J. Punithavathi1, R. Baskaran1 and K. ChandraMohan(2011), Dynamics of urban sprawl, changing direction and mapping: A case study of Salem city, Tamilnadu, India, Achieves of Applied Science Research, 3(1): 277-286
[4]. Shdhira, T.V Ramachandra and K.S. Jagadeesh(2004), Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,5,29-39
[5]. M. Turker and O.Asik,(2005), Land Use Change Detection At The Rural- Urban Fringe Using Multi-Sensor Data In Ankara, Turkey, International Journal of Geoinformatics, Vol.1, No.3.

DNA Computer; Present and Future

Abstract: DNA computers use strands of DNA to perform computing operations. The computer consists of two types of strands – the instruction strands and the input data strands. The instruction strands splice together the input data strands to generate the desired output data strand. DNA computing holds out the promise of important and significant connections between computers and living systems, as well as promising massively parallel computations. Before these promises are fulfilled, however, important challenges related to errors and practicality has to be addressed. On the other hand, new directions toward a synthesis of molecular evolution and DNA computing might circumvent the problems that have hindered development, so far. This paper represent present and future DNA computer.

Key words: DNA Computer, DNA Computing, Parallel Computation, Bio-Molecular.

Reference
[1] Leonard M. Adleman, Computing with DNA, Scientific American, August 1998.
[2] Paun, G., Rozenberg, G., and Salomaa, A., Edited, 2005. DNA Computing-New Computing Paradigms, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg.
[3] Srivastava, A., Pandey, V., ―Inconsistency in DNA computing and it's use in cryptography‖, Advance IEEE 3rd International Computing Conference (IACC), 2013.
[4] Sarker, A., Ahmed, T., Rashid, S.M.M., Anwar, S. ; Jaman, L., Tara, N., Alam, M.M., Babu, H.M.H., "Realization of Reversible Logic in DNA Computing", IEEE 11th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE), 2011.
[5] Xue, B., Xiyu L., ―Design of E-commerce development roadmap for SMEs using DNA computing technique‖, IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2013.

Studying New Views of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Knowledge Management in Executive Systems of Guilan Province, Iran

Abstract: Studies show that knowledge management entry into the organization and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), are two new phenomena that if managers do not pay enough attention to these factors it may lead to the loss of organization, The aim of this study is to Identify the extent and impact ratings of organizational citizenship behavior on knowledge management in Government Organizations .Main hypothesis studies is the relation between knowledge management and OCB and sub hypothesis study the relation between knowledge management and variables of OCB that inclusive 1.Altruisma 2.Conscientious 3.CivicVirtue 4.Sportsmanship 5.Courtesy.Research method In this study, is descriptive Statistical Society in this study is include all of employees of 10-governmental organizations in the city of Rasht, Guilan Province that is number 1724 persons and 315 of them were selected by using simple Systematic random from staff. After collection the information from questionnaires and study the relation between two variables, in significant level of data and critical value in 95 percent confident level, we conclude that the relation between knowledge management and OCB is significant.

Key words: Knowledge Management, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Altruism, Working Conscience, Civic Virtue, Sportsmanship Courtesy.

Reference
[1] Azar, Adel & Mo'meni, Mansour, 1379, Statistics and its Application in Management, Tehran: SAMT Publications.
[2] Bejani, Hossein, 1388, Knowledge Management in Learning Organizations, Tadbir Monthly Journal, No. 203.
[3] Bayani, Ahmed, 1387, Research and Evaluation Method in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tehran: Rahyaft Publications.
[4] Biranod, Ali & Sajedeh, Amir, 1387, "Knowledge Management", Scientific Connection Monthly Journal, No. 3, Tenth Periodical.
[5] Zare'e Matin, Hassan & Ahmedi, Feriedon, 1388, The Role of University in Developing Organization's Citizenship Behavior, Management in Islamic University, Thirteenth Year, No.1, Pages 22-43.

The Effect of Salt Concentration on Microbes during Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

Abstract: Reservoir fluid salinity, its effectiveness on viscosity as well as temperature dependency is an important parameter for enhanced oil recovery consideration. Previous studies on formation fluid properties focused on NaCl and KCl, the two most common brines in connate water and in water-based drilling mud, failing, however, to relate its performance to bacterial survival. This work has considered four different brine solutions and how it will affect the useability of pseudomonas species and halobacterium H – 356. The bacterial mixture viscosity shows a considerable difference between NaCl, CsCl, KCl and LiCl with NaCl and LiCl being favourable brines. Hence, for flooding agent at varying temperature since it makes the bacteria mixture viscosity more viscous whereas the KCl appeared less viscous compared to liquid mixture standard water. For the bacteria mixture, the viscosity of KCl and CsCl decreases with the concentration of a low temperature range and increases with the concentration at a high range.

Key words: Bacteria Growth, MEOR, Salinity, Salt Concentration

Reference
[1] S.L. Bryant andT.P. Lockhart, Reservoir Engineering analysis of microbial enhanced oil recovery, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, Oct 2002, 365-374
[2] S.L. Marshall, "Fundamental Aspects of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Literature Survey", National Research flagship, CSIRO, Western Australia, 2008 [online], http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/science/2008/WFO-MicrobialOilRecovery.pdf (accessed Feb 13, 2014)
[3] M-M.Chang, R.S.Bryant, H.W. Gao andT.-H. Chung, Modeling of Microbial Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, US DOE Report, July 1991 [online], http://www.netl.doe.gov/kmd/cds/disk44/I-Microbial/NIPER539.pdf (accessed Feb 13, 2014)
[4] M. Wagner, Microbial enhancement of oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs with complex formation characteristics. Microbial enhancement of oil recovery-recent advances. In: Premuzic ET (ed.), Developments in Petroleum Science: Proc. of the 1992 international conference on microbial enhanced oil recovery, 31. (New York, USA : Elsevier, 1992), 387-398
[5] B. Bubela,Combined Effect of Temperature and other Environmental Stresses on Microbiologically Enhanced Oil Recovery, In: E.C. Donaldson and J.B. Clark (Ed.), Proc., 1982 International Conference on Microbial Enhancement of Oil Recovery, NTIS, Springfield, Va,1983, 118-123

A Theoretical Aspect of Cloud Computing Service Models and Its Security Issues: A Paradigm

Abstract: Cloud computing is a distributed computing environment that provides on demand services to the users for deploying their computational needs in a virtualized environment without the knowledge of technical infrastructure. Due to reliability, scalability, high performance and low band width most of the organizations are running their applications in cloud. The cloud service providers provide the services to the registered cloud users on payment basic across the glove. The cloud services are basically categorized as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. The services are available to the users depending on cloud deployment and the SLA (service level agreements) between the service providers and the users. Providing security to the users and trust into cloud environment is the responsibility of the cloud service providers. The main objective of this paper is to provide a clear idea about the cloud service models and outline the security issues in the service models.

Key words: Cloud computing; Cloud computing models; Cloud Security Issues; Cloud Security Threats.

Reference
[1]. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Cloud_Computning
[2]. Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano,Rubén S. Montero, Ignacio M. Llorente," Key Challenges in Cloud Computing -Enabling the Future Internet of Services", Published by the IEEE Computer Society 1089-7801/13/ © 2013 IEEE, IEEE internet computing
[3]. Dimitrios Zissis , Dimitrios Lekkas, "Addressing cloud computing security issues", 0167-739X/ © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.future.2010.12.006.
[4]. M.Rajendra Prasad, R. Lakshman Naik, V.Bapuji," Cloud Computing : Research Issues and Implications ", International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-CLOSER) Vol.2, No.2, April 2013, pp. 134~140 ISSN: 2089-3337.
[5]. Francesco M.A and Gianni F. "An approach to a cloud Computing network", IEEE, August 2008, pp113-118

Health-Care Waste Management System

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to give A view of the hospital waste management and environmental problem in india. The objective of this study is to analyze the health care waste management system, including practices and compliances. Most countries of the world, especially the developing countries, are facing the grim situation arising out of environmental pollution due to pathological waste arising from increasing populations and the consequent rapid growth in the number of hospital units. In india, there are about 6 lakhs hospital beds, over 23,000 primary health centers, more than 15,000 small and private hospitals. In india, the biomedical waste (management and handling) rules 1998 make it mandatory for hospitals, clinics, and other medical and veterinary institutes to dispose of bio medical wastes strictly according to the rules.

Key words: Health, Care, Waste Management, Medical.

Reference
[1]. Ahmed,s.A.,&ali,m, (2004), "partnerships for waste management in developing countries: linking theories to realities," habitat international, 28(3).
[2]. Anon,(2006),"note on biomedical waste management", Tamil Nadu pollution control board, chennai, India .
[3]. Blenkharn,j.i,(2007),"standards of clinical waste management in hospitals, "a second look journal of royal institute of public health., articlein press, .uk
[4]. Dept. Of health services, (2004), "biomedical waste management status in NCT of Delhi," govt. of NCT of delhi.
[5]. Gordon,jg,rein,pa.(2004),"medical waste management," hospital epidemiology and infection control.

Treatment Of Municipal Waste Water In Salem City

Abstract: The treatment processes and quality of the final effluent produced by tertiary filtration for phosphorus removal typically meet state criteria for wastewater reclamation. Reuse of this high quality effluent can be an attractive alternative to direct discharge into surface waters in situations where restrictive NPDES permit limitations apply. In this report, EPA region 10 presents observations of advanced wastewater treatment installed in Salem city. These facilities employ chemical addition and a range of filtration technologies which have proven to be very effective at producing an effluent containing low levels of phosphorus. Tamil Nadu Government Made A Policy Announcement Of Providing Under Ground Sewerage Scheme In All Urban Local Bodies In A Phased Manner At District Head Quarter Towns. The Municipal Sewerage Collection Network Systems Are Implemented and the Household Sewage Are Collected and Moved to the Collection Chamber of STP. The STP consists of various unit operations and processes to treat the raw sewage into the final treated effluent quality as per the stipulated standards. The project will have construction phase and operation phase impacts which have been assessed and the Environment Impact Assessment has been prepared.

Key words: STP, Karuppur Village, Salem Municipality

Reference
[[1.] Al-Khatib, A.I., Maria, M., Abdul, F. Salem, A Z., Shaheen, H.Q. and Despo, K. (2010). Solid waste characterization, quantification and management practices in developing countries. A case study: Nablus district – Palestine, Journal of Environmental Management, 91 (5), PP.1131-1138, ISBN 0301-4797.
[2.] Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P, and Baeyens, J. (2010). The Valorisation of Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) by Primary to Quaternary Routes: From Reuse of Energy and Chemicals, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 36 (1). PP. 103-129, ISSN 0360-1285.
[3.] APO - Asian Productivity Organisation (2007). Solid Waste Management: Issues and Challenges in Asia. Asian Productivity Organization. PP.12-18. ISBN: 92-833-7058-9.
[4.] Andrews, J.C, and Maurer, J. (2010). Materials Exchanges: An exploratory US survey. [Online]. Accessed at [Consulted on 2-05-2012].
[5.] ABA - American Bar Association (2012). Rule of Law Initiative. [Online]. Accessed at [Consulted on 09-06-2012].

Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste Management In Urban India

Abstract: This paper attempts to assess the various factors that govern the sustenance of a decentralized Solid waste management system in urban India. Towards this end, two decentralized composting facilities (One operational and the other closed) were studied both of which were started at the same time in Bangalore. The parameters covered under the study were the technology and the technical expertise, Managerial influence, economic viability, community support including the socio- economic status of the Community and the influence of parallel government schemes. Our findings indicate that success and long-term.

Key words: Sustainable Decentralized Model, Solid Waste Management, Municipal Solid Waste

Reference
[1]. Balasubramanyan V.K., A Preliminary Discussion Paper on the Possible Role of Decentralized Solid Waste Management Efforts in Urban Solid Waste Management, pg12.
[2]. Balasubramanyan V. K., Breakthrough in the Technology of Solid Wastes Management: A Proposal for Fine Tuning and Dissemination, February 2004.
[3]. Christian Zurbrugg and Christian Aristanti, Solid Waste Management, Waste Collectors are Operating a Composting Unit on Neighborhood Level An Indonesian Example, http://www.sandel.ch/solid waste/pages/composting - Indonesia. htm accessed on Jan 4, 2006, 4.0.
[4]. Christian Zurbrugg, Silke Drescher, Almitra Patel, Sharatchandra H.C., Taking a Closer Look at
[5]. Decentralized Composting Schemes - Lessons from India, Published in Asian Society for Environment Protection (ASER) newsletter, March 2003.

Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluent on Soil Plant Health Act on Environment

Abstract: Effect of continuous irrigation with sewage effluent on soil properties and status of nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants in the adjoining areas of Agra and Mathura cities of Uttar Pradesh was ascertained. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage water irrigation. An appreciable increase in organic carbon, available N, P, K contents was recorded in the sewage water irrigated soils. Electrical conductivity of sewage water irrigated soils was much below the threshold limit of salinity. Application of sewage water resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil. The mean contents of total Cd, Cr, Pb in the soils irrigated with sewage water were 2.85, 75.40 and 40.26 mg kg- 1, respectively. The mean values of available Cd, Cr and Pb in soils were 0.21, 0.33 and 1.27 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration of Cr in lettuce, cabbage and be seem plants grown on sewage water was higher as compared to its tolerance level indicating their accumulation in plants. In general, Cd was relatively higher in lettuce (0.88 mg kg-1). On the other hand, be seemed contained relatively higher amount of Cr and Pb.

Key words: Impact, Sewage, Industrial Effluent, Soil Plant Health, Environment.

Reference
[1]. Adhikari, S.; Gupta, S.K. & Banerjee, S.K. (1993). Heavy metals content of city sewage and sludge. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 41: 160-172.
[2]. Adhikari, S.; Gupta, S.K. & Banerjee, S.K. (1997). Long-term effect of raw sewage application on the chemical composition of ground water. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 45: 392-394.
[3]. Antil, R.S. & Narwal, R.P. (2005). Problems and prospectus of utilization of sewer water in Haryana. In: Management of Organic Wastes for Crop Production, K.K. Kapoor, P.K. Sharma, S.S. Dudeja & B.S. Kundu, (Ed.), 159- 168, Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
[4]. Antil, R.S. & Narwal, R.P. (2008). Influence of sewer water and industrial effluents on soil and plant health. In: Groundwater resources: Conservation and management, V.D.Puranik, V.K. Garg, A. Kaushik, C.P. Kaushik, S.K. Sahu, A.G. Hegde, T.V. Ramachandarn, I.V. Saradhi & P. Prathibha, (Ed.), 37-46, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, GJU Science and Technology Hisar, India.
[5]. Gupta, S.K. & Mitra, A. (2002). In: Advances in Land Resource Management for 21st Century, 446-469, Soil Conservation Society of India, New Delhi. Indian Standards (IS) (1982). Tolerance limits for inland surface water subject to pollution, Indian Standards IS, 2296.

Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Groundwater Tanneries by Using Gis

Abstract: Urbanization is a progressive concentration of population in urban unit. At the moment, India is one among the country of low level of urbanization. In the last fifty years the population of India has grown two-and-a-half times, but urban India has grown nearly five times. In 2001, 306.9 million Indians (30.5%) were living in nearly 3700 towns and cities spread across the country, and it is expected to increase to over 400 million and 533 million by 2011 and 2021 respectively. At the moment, India is among the counties of low level of urbanization. As a result, most urban settlements are characterized by shortfalls in housing and water supply, urban encroachments in fringe area, inadequate sewerage, traffic congestion, pollution, poverty and social unrest making urban governance a difficult task. The high rate of urban population growth is a cause of concern among India's urban and town planners for efficient urban planning.
There are increasingly widespread indications of degradation in the quality and quantity of groundwater, serious or incipient, caused by excessive exploitation and/or inadequate pollution control. The scale and degree of degradation varies significantly with the susceptibility of local aquifers to exploitation−related deterioration and their vulnerability to pollution. This project is based on the investigation or review of the situation in a substantial number of developing cities worldwide. It aims to raise the awareness among policymakers of hydro-geological processes in urban areas, to highlight key urban groundwater issues, to provide a framework for the systematic consideration of the groundwater dimension in urban management, and to formulate approaches for more sustainable management of groundwater resources in urban areas using remote sensing method.Urbanization on account of demographic and economic growth leads to the wide variety of environmental problems. The supply of infrastructure cannot cope with the demand placed by urban development. It results inadequacy of urban infrastructure, which leads to degradation of the quality of natural resources such as air, water, land, vegetation, marine life.
In addition industrial pollution in large cities causes effects to human life. The present study is aimed to analyze the growth of urban development and its impact on ground water. To analyze the growth of Dindigul town and its impact on ground water quality remote sensing techniques were used. Dindigul town spreads over an area of 14.01 km2. Since 1970 the area was not increased but due to increasing population wards increased. For the assessment of ground water quality impact samples were taken in and around the town and analyses further. The results indicated that the samples nearer to the tanneries were exceeding the limits; mainly Begambur and Paraipatti compared to other locations.

Key words: Urban sprawl, Land-use and land-cover change, geographic information system, Change detection

Reference
[1]. Peace Trust, Dossier on Tannery pollution in Tamil Nadu, 2000, p. 280.
[2]. World Health Organization, Guideline of drinking quality. WHO, Washington DC, 1984, pp. 333–335.
[3]. District collector office record – 2002, Dindigul.
[4]. Dindigul Municipality record 2000-2002
[5]. Balasubrahmanian K., Geology of Parts of Vedasandur Taluk, Madurai District, Tamilnadu, Progress Report, GSI Tech. Rept. Madras, (1980), p.14.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Backpressure-Based Packet-By-Packet Adaptive Routing For Traffic Management in Communication Networks Backpressure-Based Packet-By-Packet Adaptive Routing For Traffic Management in Communication Networks Abstract: Back pressure-based adaptive routing algorithms where each packet is routed along a possibly different pathhave been extensively studied in the literature. However, suchalgorithms typically result in poor delay performance and involvehigh implementation complexity. In this paper, we develop anew adaptive routing algorithm built upon the widely-studiedback-pressure algorithm. We decouple the routing and schedulingcomponents of the algorithm by designing a probabilistic routingtable which is used to route packets to per-destination queues.The scheduling decisions in the case of wireless networks aremade using counters called shadow queues. The results arealso extended to the case of networks which employ simpleforms of network coding. In that case, our algorithm provides alow-complexity solution to optimally exploit the routing-codingtrade-off. Reference [1] Sprint IP network performance. Available at https://www.sprint.net/performance/. [2] B. Awerbuch and T. Leighton. A simple localcontrol approximation algorithm for multicommodity flow. In Proc. 34th Annual Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, 1993. [3] M. Bramson. Convergence to equilbria for fluid models of FIFO queueing networks. QueueingSystems:Theory and Applications, 22:5– 45, 1996. [4] A. Brzezinski, G. Zussman, and E. Modiano. Enabling distributed throughput maximization in wireless mesh networks - a partitioning approach. In Proc. ACM Mobicom, Sep. 2006. [5] L. Bui, R. Srikant, and A. L. Stolyar. A novel architecture for delay reduction in the backpressure scheduling algorithm. IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking.Submitted, 2009. P. Swetha, Mrs. O. Rajitha	01-12
2.	The Topic Tracking Based on Modified VSM of Lexical Chain,S Sememe The Topic Tracking Based on Modified VSM of Lexical Chain,S Sememe Abstract: Vector Space Model (VSM) has aroused significant research attention in recent years due to its advantage in topic tracking. However, its effectiveness has been restrained by its incapability in revealing same-concept semantic information of different keywords or hidden semantic relations of the text, making the accuracy of topic tracking hardly guaranteed. Confronting these issues with concern, a modified VSM, namely Semantic Vector Space Model, is put forward. To establish the model, numerous lexical chains based on HowNet are first built, then sememes of the lexical chains are extracted as characteristics of feature vectors. Afterwards, initial weight and structural weight of the characteristics are calculated to construct the Semantic Vector Space Model, encompassing both semantic and structural information. The initial weight is collected from word frequency, while the structure weight is obtained from a designed calculation method: Each lexical chain structure weight is defined as (m + 1)/S, m is the number of the other similar chains, and S is the number of the reports used for extraction of the lexical chains. Finally, the model is applied in web news topic tracking with satisfactory experimental results, conforming the method to be effective and desirable. Key words: Topic tracking, Vector Space Model, Lexical chain, Sememe Reference [1] YANG Yim-ing, CARBONELL J, BROWN R, et al. Learning Approaches for Detecting and Tracking News Event. IEEE Intelligent Systems: Special Issue on Applications of Intelligent Information Retrieval,14(4),1999, 32-43. [2] Hu Jiming, Hu Changping. The user modeling based on topic hierarchy tree and semantic vector space model. Journal of intelligence, 32 (8), 2013.8, 838-843. [3] Beydoun G，Lopez—Lorca A A，et a1．How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology．Journal of Systems and Software， 84 (12) ,2011，2363—2373． [4] Jin Zhu Lin Hongfei. Topic tracking and tendency analysis based on HowNet. Journal of intelligence, 24 (5), 2005, 555-561. [5] Gonenc E，Ilyas C．Using Lexical Chains for Keyword Extrac—tion．Information Processing and Management， 43(6), 2007，1705—1714． Jing Ma, Fei Wu, Chi Li, Hengmin Zhu	13-19
3.	Wireless Mesh Networks Path Planning, Power Control and Optimal Solutions Wireless Mesh Networks Path Planning, Power Control and Optimal Solutions Abstract: Wireless mesh networks are considerd as a potential attractive alternative to provide Broadband acces to users. In this paper we address the following two questions: (i) Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set of data rows, what is the max-min achievable throughput? And (ii) How should the network be configured to achieve the optimum? Given a set of nodes with arbitrary locations, and a set of data rows specified as source-destination pairs, what is the maximum achievable throughput, under certain constraints on the radio parameters in particular, on transmit power. How should the network be configured to achieve this maximum? Specifically, by configuration, we mean the complete choice of the set of links (i.e., topology), the routes, link schedules, and transmit powers and modulation schemes for each link. Key words: Greedy pricing, optimal solutions, Path planning, Power control, Throughput, Reference [1] IEEE 802.16 Standard Group, [Online]. Available: http://www. ieee802. org/16/ [2] A. Karnik, A. Iyer, and C. Rosenberg, "Throughput-optimal configuration of wireless networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1161–1174, Oct. 2008. [3] C. Joo, X. Lin, and N. Shroff, "Understanding the capacity region of the greedy maximal scheduling algorithm in multi-hop wireless networks," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2008, pp. 1103–1111. [4] M. Johansson and L. Xiao, "Cross-layer optimization of wirelessnetworks using nonlinear column generation," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 435–445, Feb. 2006. [5] M. Alicherry, R. Bhatia, and L. Li. Joint Channel Assignment and Routing for Throughput Optimization in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks. In Proc of the 11th ACM MobiCom, 2005. G. Guru Charan, K. Yadaiah, G. Sailaja	20-25
4.	Contrast Enhancement of Color Images with Bi-Histogram Contrast Enhancement of Color Images with Bi-Histogram Abstract: Histogram equalization is a widely used scheme for contrast enhancement in a variety of applications due to its simple function and effectiveness. One possible drawback of the histogram equalization is that it can change the mean brightness of an image significantly as a consequence of histogram flattening. Clearly, this is not a desirable property when preserving the original mean brightness of a given image is necessary. Bi-histogram equalization is able to overcome this drawback for gray scale images. In this paper, we explore the use of bi-histogram equalization based technique for enhancing RGB color images. The technique is based on cumulative density function of a quantized image. From the results it is concluded that bi-histogram equalization is able to improve the contrast of colored images significantly. Key words: histogram equalization, histogram specification, Image enhancement, maximum entropy, mean brightness preserving. Reference [1] R.C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods "Digital image processing", third edition, 2008 [2] M. Yeong-Taekgi, "Contrast Enhancement Using Brightness Preserving Bi-Histogram Equalization", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 43, no. 1, February 1997 [3] R. Anoop and M. Wilscy, "Enhancement contrast in color images using bilateral filter and Histogram Ezualization using wavelet coefficient", 978-0-7695-3546-3/08, 2008 [4] H. Yeganehl, A. Ziaei, A. Rezaie, "A Novel Approach for Contrast Enhancement Based on Histogram Equalization", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering 2008 May 13-15, 2008 [5] A. Phillip, Z. Qiang, and J. JeflreyRodrz, "3-D Histogram Modification of Color Images", Proc. IEEE, pp. 1015-1018, 1996, pp. 1015-1018 Paramjit Singh, Dr. Amandeepkaur	26-29
5.	Effective SCA Stimulation Proved To Be the Key Economic To Maximize Profitability in the Grgaf Group Formation of the Sirte Basin, Libya Effective SCA Stimulation Proved To Be the Key Economic To Maximize Profitability in the Grgaf Group Formation of the Sirte Basin, Libya Abstract: Implementing SCA treatment selection technique and design in Grgaf group formation to remove the excepted skin damage near well bore and improve well influx (productivity). The Grgaf Group Formation was responded positively to stimulation technique despite of the designed recommended volume 24 gal/ft. An important part of SAC is the 'art' of diversion because in the treatment of a large interval and natural fracture that why it implemented on it. Therefore output results before treatment, the pressures were rise up, while the rates were dropped such as 800 psi at 0.615 and 1000 psi at 0.963 bpm. The initial injectivity test after treatment, the pressures were dropped and the rates were increased by ratio from 22 to 88% while the final injectivity after treatment, the rates were increased by ratio from 638 to 842.6 % in order to responsible for a major increase in productivity and amount of high –quality work Thus fractured quartzite that it supported to removed damage around wellbore. The benefits of (SCA) is to accept very good feedback in design consideration and has made many improvement based on it and regards the acquisition of technical knowledge as one of the highest priorities profitability. Key words: Stimulation, Grgaf Formation, Profitability, Sirte Basin, Libya Reference [1] Gumati and Kanes, 1985, p. 39-52. Gumati and Nairn , 1991, p. 93-102. van der Meer and Cloetingh, 1996, p. 211-230. Baird, et al. 1996, p. 3-56. Suleiman, et al. 1991, p. 2461-2468. [2] Harding, 1984, p. 333-362. Baird, et al. 1996, p. 3-56. Gras and Thusu, 1998, p. 322. Wennekers, et al. 1996, figure 22. Listric faults: Baird, et al. 1996, p. 36-38. [3] Vail, 1991, p. 2262. Klitzsch, 1971, p. 256-257. Haruj al Aswad: Klitzsch, 1971. [4] Conant L. C., and Goudarzi, G. H. (1967). Stratigraphic and tectonic framework of Libya. American Association of Petroleum Geology Bullet. Vol. 51, P. 719-730. [5] Clifford, A. C. (1986). African oil-past, present, and future, Am. Ass. Petrol, Geol., Mem., 40, P. 339-372. Emad Ibrahim Fandi, Badees Khalfa Gazal, Mohamed Ali Alrabib	30-36
6.	Design Of Interval Type-Ii Fuzzy Logic Traffic Controller For Multilane Intersections With Emergency Vehicle Priority System Using Matlab Simulation Design Of Interval Type-Ii Fuzzy Logic Traffic Controller For Multilane Intersections With Emergency Vehicle Priority System Using Matlab Simulation Abstract: During the past several years fuzzy logic control has swell from one of the major active and profitable areas for research in the application of fuzzy set, especially in the zone of industrial process which do not lead themselves to control conventional methods because of lack of quantitative data regarding the input-output relations. Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic- a logical system which is much closer in spirit to human thinking and natural language than conventional logical systems. The fuzzy logic controller based on fuzzy logic provides a means of converting a linguistic control strategy based on expert knowledge into an automatic control strategy. As in Fuzzy logic traffic controller, the need arises for simulating and optimizing traffic control algorithms to better accommodate this increasing demand. Fuzzy optimization deals with finding the values of input parameters of a complex simulated system which result in desired output. This paper presents a MATLAB simulation of fuzzy logic traffic interval type II controller for controlling flow of traffic in multilane paths. This controller is based on the waiting time and queue length of vehicles at present green phase and vehicles queue lengths at the other lanes. The controller controls the traffic light timings and phase difference to ascertain sebaceous flow of traffic with least waiting time and queue length. In this paper, the multilane model used consists of two alleyways in each approach. Every outlook has different value of queue length and waiting time, systematically, at the intersection. The maximum value of waiting time and vehicle queue length has to be selected by using proximity sensors as inputs to controller for the ameliorate control traffic flow at the intersection. An intelligent traffic model and fuzzy logic interval type II traffic controller are developed to evaluate the performance of traffic controller under different pre-defined conditions for oleaginous flow of traffic. Additionally, this fuzzy logic traffic controller has emergency vehicle siren sensors which detect emergency vehicle movement like ambulance, fire brigade, Police Van etc. and gives maximum priority to him and pass preferred signal to it. Key words: Fuzzy Traffic Controller; Multilane Intersection; Vehicle Actuated Controller; Emergency Vehicle Selector, Fuzzy Interval type II. Reference [1.] Mohit Jha and Shailja Shukla. "Design of Fuzzy logic Traffic Controller for Isolated Intersection with Emergency Vehicle Periority System Using Matlab Simulation." CSIR Sponsored X Control Instrumentation System Conference - CISCON-2013 ISBN 978-93-82338-93-2 © 2013. [2.] Lafuente-Arroyo, Sergio, et al. "A decision support system for the automatic management of keep-clear signs based on support vector machines and geographic information systems." Expert Systems with Applications 37.1 (2010): 767-773. [3.] Nageswara, D., and K. Chandra Sekhara Reddy. "Design And Development Of Sensor Based Intelligent Traffic Light Controlling System." [4.] DeVoe, Dustin, and Richard W. Wall. "A distributed smart signal architecture for traffic signal controls." Industrial Electronics, 2008. ISIE 2008. IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2008. [5.] Zhu, Tongyu, et al. "An evaluation of travel time on urban road network." ITS Telecommunications (ITST), 2011 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. Cai, Yanru, et al. Mohit Jha, Shailja Shukla	37-47
7.	Selection of Significant Features Using Decision Tree Classifiers Selection of Significant Features Using Decision Tree Classifiers Abstract: Data Mining refers to extraction or mining knowledge from huge volume of data. Classification is an important data mining technique with various applications. It classifies data of various kinds and used to classify each item in a set of data into one of predefined set of classes or groups. This work has been carried out to select the most significant attributes from a dataset using Decision tree classifier j48.This Decision tree classification algorithm can be efficiently used in selecting the most significant feature of a dataset and hence we can reduce the dimensionality of a dataset and yet obtain a very good accuracy. In this paper we have selected two datasets from university of California, Irvine website, of weather and vote and applied j48 algorithm on it. After each iteration, one attribute is removed and its accuracy has been found .We have compared the accuracy of dataset with different attribute count and then selected the most significant features of dataset. Reference [1]. Olivier Henchiri , Nathalie Japkowicz. "A Feature Selection and Evaluation Scheme for Computer Virus Detection, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining ", (ICDM'06). [2] M. Dash, H. Liu, Feature Selection for Classification, Intelligent Data Analysis 1 (1997) 131-156. [3] Frank,A. & Asuncion ,A. (2010).UCI Machine Learning Repository [http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml].Irvine,CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science. [4] Data mining book – kamber [5] V.Vaithiyanathan, K.Rajeswari, Swati Tonge,, " Improved Apriori algorithm based on Selection Criterion", IEEE Conference ICCIC Dec 18-20, 2012, Coimbatore. Catalog Number: CFP1220J-ART ISBN: 978-1-4673-1344-5 Preeti Kumari, K. Rajeswari	48-51
8.	Identification and Opinion Extraction throughUser Generated Content on Web Based Social Media Identification and Opinion Extraction throughUser Generated Content on Web Based Social Media Abstract: Nowadays internet is becoming a platform where different user can post there ideas and opinions. The social networking sites and blogs offer a wide variety of such informative text which can be used to establish or determine a mindset for a particular product, person or individual. These blogs can be used as a vast source of information through which one can predict opinion as well as planning for different business strategies. Due to huge amount of information there is always need of specific tool or approach to mine useful text called opinion. Authors have proposed an approach of mining and classification for different real time datasets gathered from various sources of information, freely available on internet. Authors have tested the approach over these datasets and found suitable results. In this paper we propose a method that classifies a user-generated content on the basis of positive, negative, neutral, double negative, negative positive, triple negative.Authors has proposed rules for analyzing ideas and tested against dataset using Naive Bayes and Support Vector machine (SVM) model for accuracy and found best result 80.39 % for NB and 81.37 % for SVM. IndexTerms Double Negative, Triple Negative, Negative Positive, 64 rules for polarity. Reference [1] Alexander Pak and Patrick Paroubek,"Twitter as a Corpus for Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining,"In the proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC',may 2010),pp.347– 354. [2] Pang, B., Lee, L., and Vaithyanathan, S., "Thumbs up?: sentiment classification using machine learning techniques," in Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing, 2002, pp. 79-86. [3] B.Pang and L.Lee,"Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis,"Foundations and Trends in Information retrival,vol.2,nos.1-2,2008,pp.1-135. [4] Bing Liu,"Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity,in NLP Handbook, 2nd Edition, N. Indurkhya and F. J. Damerau,USA-Chapman and Hall/CRC,2010,pp. [5] Bing Liu,SentimentAnalysis and Opinion Mining,Morgan& ClaypoolPublishers,May 2012,pp. 30-43. R.Nicole, ―Titleofpaperwithonlyfirstwordcapitalized,‖ J.NameStand.Abbrev.,inpress. Dr. Deepak Arora, Kapil Verma	52-58
9.	Scaling Up Biomass Gasifier Use in India; Barriers Interventions & Remedies: A Review Scaling Up Biomass Gasifier Use in India; Barriers Interventions & Remedies: A Review Abstract: In India, work on gasifiers for energy applications started in the early 1980s. These efforts received a boost with the Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources‟ (DNES, latter MNES, now a ministry, MNRE) dissemination program that was initiated in 1987. While this subsidy-based program was successful in placing about 1200 gasifier systems for irrigation pumping in the field, most of these units were non-operational soon after for lots of reasons. Despite all this, large-scale gasifier deployment has still not taken off in India. The fact that scale -up did not take place automatically even in cases where gasifiers are economically clearly feasible indicates that there are a number of issues to be considered and barriers to be overcome for successful large-scale deployment. To facilitate gasifier deployment among poorer and nonskilled users (i.e., unorganized, small-scale firms, rural areas); and lack of systematic programs targeted towards scale-up. Especially important is the fact that the particulars of implementing gasifier-based energy systems depend on the kind of application and context; therefore the approach has to be tailored to the specific application – this impedes the potential success of any single approach to scale-up. Key words: Biomass, Gasifier, Gasifiication, renewableenergy, scaling-up Reference [1] Goldemberg J. 2000. 'Rural Energy in Developing Countries'. Chap 10. In World Energy Assessment- and the Challenge of Sustainability , UNDP pp: 367-392 [2] MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources). 2001. "Renewable Energy in India, Business Opportunities‟. Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) Government of India, New Delhi, pp 42-44; 65-67. [3] MNES (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources). 2002. "Annual Report 2001-2002'. Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Government of India, New Delhi. [4] Someshekhar H.J, S.Dasappa, and N.H. Ravindranath. 2000. "Rural bioenergy centers based on biomass gasifiers for decentralized power generation: case study of two villages in southern India‟. Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume IV, No.3, pp: 55-63 [5] Reddy, A.K.N. 2000. 'Energy and Social Issues'. Chap 2. In World Energy Assessment- Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, UNDP: 41-60 Mr. Ritesh U.Nrupekar, Prof. Rajesh B.Choksi, Dr. Neeraj K.Chavda	59-61
10.	A Systematic Look at Code Performance and System Simulation A Systematic Look at Code Performance and System Simulation Abstract: The most standard method in improvise a system's efficiency in Digital communication is channel coding but this methods is not been able to extend its features for high speed links. Growing demands in network speeds are placing a large burden on the energy efficiency of high-speed links and render the benefit of channel coding for these systems a timely subject. The low error rates of interest and the presence of residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by hardware constraints impede the analysis and simulation of coded high-speed links. Focusing on the residual ISI and collective noise as the dominant error mechanisms, this paper analyzes error correlation through concepts of error region, channel signature, and correlation distance. This framework provides a deeper insight into joint error behaviors in high-speed links, extends the range of statistical simulation for coded high-speed links, and provides a case against the use of biased Monte Carlo methods in this setting. Finally, based on a hardware test bed, the performance of standard binary forward error correction and error detection schemes is evaluated, from which recommendations on coding for high-speed links are derived. Key words: Communication systems, Integrated circuit interconnections, Intersymbol interference (ISI). Reference [1] G. D. Forney, Digital Communications II (6.451) Lecture Notes, M.I.T. (available at ocw.mit.edu). [2] W. C. Huffman, V. Pless, Fundamentals of Error-Correcting Codes, Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2003. [3] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th ed., New York, New York: MacGraw- Hill, 2000. [4] M. Lee, ―Channel-and-circuits-aware Energy-efficient Coding for High-speed Links,‖ S.M. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. [5] V. Stojanovic, A. Amirkhany and M.A. Horowitz, ‖Optimal linear precoding with theoretical and practical data rates in high-speed serial-Link backplane communication,‖ IEEE International Conference on Communications,June 2004. G.Srikanth, K.Yadaiah, G. Guru Charan	62-68
11.	Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness & Material Remove Rate of AISI D2 Steel For Turning Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness & Material Remove Rate of AISI D2 Steel For Turning Abstract: In order to produce any product with desired quality by machining, proper selection of process parameters is essential. This can be accomplished by Full Factorial method. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of process parameter on surface finish and material removal rate (MRR) to obtain the optimal setting of these process parameters and the analysis of variance is also used to analysis the influence of cutting parameters during machining. In this work AISI D2 steel work pieces are turned on conventional all gear lathe by using carbide tool. In the present work, Design of Experiment (DOE) with full factorial design has been explored to produce 27 specimens on AISI D2 Steel by straight turning operation MRR will be calculated from MRR equation. Collected data related to surface roughness have been utilized for optimization. ANOVA analysis gives the percentage contribution of each process parameter. Cutting speed is the most effective parameter which affects surface roughness in straight turning operation. Feed rate and depth of cut are most effective on material removal rate for turning operations. Grey relational analysis is used for finding out the optimal condition for surface roughness and material removal rate for straight turning operation. Grey relational analysis give the better surface finish at low speed, low feed rate and high depth of cut. Key words: Full Factorial Method, Machining Parameters, Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate (MRR), ANOVA Analysis Reference [1] M. Kaladhar, K. Venkata Subbaiah, Ch. Srinivasa Rao. "Determination of Optimum Process Parameters during turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels using Taguchi method and ANOVA" International Journal of Lean Thinking Volume 3, Issue 1 (June 2012) pp.1-19. [2] Muammer Nalbant, Hasan Gokkaya, Ihsan Toktas, Gokhan Sur. "The experimental investigation of the effects of uncoated, PVD- and CVD-coated cemented carbide inserts and cutting parameters on surface roughness in CNC turning and its prediction using artificial neural networks" Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 25 (2009) pp.211–223. [3] Anil Gupta, Hari Singh, Aman Aggarwal. "Taguchi-fuzzy multi output optimization (MOO) in high speed CNC turning of AISI P-20 tool steel" Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) pp.6822–6828. [4] B Fnides, M A Yallese, T Mabrouki, J F Rigal. "Application of response surface methodology for determining cutting force model in turning hardened AISI H11 hot work tool steel" Sadhana Vol. 36, Part 1 (2011) pp.109–123. [5] Sukumar, Poornima. "Optimization of machining parameters in CNC turning of martensitic stainless steel using RSM and GA" International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2, Issue.2, (Apr. 2012) pp.539-542. Hitesh Patel, Jigar Patel, Chandresh Patel	69-73
12.	Implementing Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Implementing Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Abstract: As the necessity of exchanging and sharing data increases, users demand easy connectivity, and fast networks whether they are at work, at home, or on the move. Nowadays, users are interested in interconnecting all their personal electronic devices (PED_s) in an ad hoc fashion on the move. This type of network is referred to as Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). When in such network a smart antenna System (SAS) is implemented then we can achieve maximum capacity and improve the quality and coverage. So we are intended to implement such a SAS in the MANET. In this paper we have shown significance of Throughput and Bit Error Rate by implementing SAS in MANET using MATLABR2010a. Key words: Smart Antenna System (SAS), Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Constant modulus algorithm (CMA), nodes, direction of arrival (DOA). Reference [1] Constantine A. Balanis, Panayiotis I. Ioannides, "Introduction to Smart Antennas", Lecture #5, Copyright © 2007 by Morgan & Claypool. [2] Mohammed A. Abdala and Areej K. Al-Zuhairy, "Integration of Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2013. [3] Azzedine Boukerche, "Algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks", University of Ottawa, Canada, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey,2009, p-p 129-164. [4] Dr. Sunilkumar S. Manvi, Mahabaleshwar S.Kakkasageri, "Wireless and Mobile Networks Concepts and protocols", Wiley India Pvt.Ltd, 2011, ch 8. [5] Nwalozie G.C, Okorogu V.N, Umeh K.C, and Oraetue C.D, "Performance Analysis of Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) Blind Adaptive Algorithm for Smart Antennas in a W-CDMA Network", International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 1, Issue 2, November 2012. > Implementing Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Abstract: In order to produce any product with desired quality by machining, proper selection of process parameters is essential. This can be accomplished by Full Factorial method. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of process parameter on surface finish and material removal rate (MRR) to obtain the optimal setting of these process parameters and the analysis of variance is also used to analysis the influence of cutting parameters during machining. In this work AISI D2 steel work pieces are turned on conventional all gear lathe by using carbide tool. In the present work, Design of Experiment (DOE) with full factorial design has been explored to produce 27 specimens on AISI D2 Steel by straight turning operation MRR will be calculated from MRR equation. Collected data related to surface roughness have been utilized for optimization. ANOVA analysis gives the percentage contribution of each process parameter. Cutting speed is the most effective parameter which affects surface roughness in straight turning operation. Feed rate and depth of cut are most effective on material removal rate for turning operations. Grey relational analysis is used for finding out the optimal condition for surface roughness and material removal rate for straight turning operation. Grey relational analysis give the better surface finish at low speed, low feed rate and high depth of cut. Key words: Full Factorial Method, Machining Parameters, Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate (MRR), ANOVA Analysis Reference [1] M. Kaladhar, K. Venkata Subbaiah, Ch. Srinivasa Rao. "Determination of Optimum Process Parameters during turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels using Taguchi method and ANOVA" International Journal of Lean Thinking Volume 3, Issue 1 (June 2012) pp.1-19. [2] Muammer Nalbant, Hasan Gokkaya, Ihsan Toktas, Gokhan Sur. "The experimental investigation of the effects of uncoated, PVD- and CVD-coated cemented carbide inserts and cutting parameters on surface roughness in CNC turning and its prediction using artificial neural networks" Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 25 (2009) pp.211–223. [3] Anil Gupta, Hari Singh, Aman Aggarwal. "Taguchi-fuzzy multi output optimization (MOO) in high speed CNC turning of AISI P-20 tool steel" Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) pp.6822–6828. [4] B Fnides, M A Yallese, T Mabrouki, J F Rigal. "Application of response surface methodology for determining cutting force model in turning hardened AISI H11 hot work tool steel" Sadhana Vol. 36, Part 1 (2011) pp.109–123. [5] Sukumar, Poornima. "Optimization of machining parameters in CNC turning of martensitic stainless steel using RSM and GA" International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2, Issue.2, (Apr. 2012) pp.539-542. Supriya Kulkarni P, Bhavani V	74-79
13.	Equitable Domination in Fuzzy Graphs Equitable Domination in Fuzzy Graphs Abstract: As the necessity of exchanging and sharing data increases, users demand easy connectivity, and fast networks whether they are at work, at home, or on the move. Nowadays, users are interested in interconnecting all their personal electronic devices (PED_s) in an ad hoc fashion on the move. This type of network is referred to as Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET). When in such network a smart antenna System (SAS) is implemented then we can achieve maximum capacity and improve the quality and coverage. So we are intended to implement such a SAS in the MANET. In this paper we have shown significance of Throughput and Bit Error Rate by implementing SAS in MANET using MATLABR2010a. Key words: Smart Antenna System (SAS), Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Constant modulus algorithm (CMA), nodes, direction of arrival (DOA). Reference [1] Constantine A. Balanis, Panayiotis I. Ioannides, "Introduction to Smart Antennas", Lecture #5, Copyright © 2007 by Morgan & Claypool. [2] Mohammed A. Abdala and Areej K. Al-Zuhairy, "Integration of Smart Antenna System in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks", International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2013. [3] Azzedine Boukerche, "Algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks", University of Ottawa, Canada, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey,2009, p-p 129-164. [4] Dr. Sunilkumar S. Manvi, Mahabaleshwar S.Kakkasageri, "Wireless and Mobile Networks Concepts and protocols", Wiley India Pvt.Ltd, 2011, ch 8. [5] Nwalozie G.C, Okorogu V.N, Umeh K.C, and Oraetue C.D, "Performance Analysis of Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) Blind Adaptive Algorithm for Smart Antennas in a W-CDMA Network", International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 1, Issue 2, November 2012. S. Revathi, C. V. R. Harinarayanan	80-83
14.	Probabilistic Behaviour of A Redundant Complex System with Imperfect Switching, Environmental Common Cause and Human Error Effects under Head-Of-Line Repair Discipline Probabilistic Behaviour of A Redundant Complex System with Imperfect Switching, Environmental Common Cause and Human Error Effects under Head-Of-Line Repair Discipline Abstract: Series-parallel systems are made up of combination several series & parallel configuration to obtain system reliability down into homogeneous subsystems. This is very simple to analyse a simple series-parallel system without any error effects, But very difficult to analyse a complex system with various error effects. This paper we presented mathematical analysis of a Redundant Complex System with Imperfect switching, Environmental and Common Cause and Human error effects under Head of Line Repair Discipline. Key words: Imperfect switching, Reliability, Availability, MTTF, State Transition diagram. Reference [1] Gupta, P.P. and Agarwal, S.C. : A parallel redundant complex system with two types of failure under different repair discipline, IEEE Trans. Reliability, Vol R-32, 1983. [2] Kontoleon, J.M. and Kontoleon, N., 1974. Reliability Analysis of a system subjected to partial & Catastrophic Failures, IEEE Trans. On Rel., Vol. R-23, pp 277-278. [3] Mittal, S.K., Gupta, Ritu and C.M. Batra, 2007. Probabilistic behavior of a Redundant Complex System, With Imperfect Switching and Environmental Effects under Head of Line Repair Discipline, Bulletin of pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6E(1), 2007, pp. no.43- 58. [4] Mittal S.K., Agarwal, S.C., and Kumar Sachin, 2004. Operational Behaviour of a parallel redundant complex system with two types of failures with environmental effect under Pre- Emptive Resume Repair Discipline, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 23E (No.2), pp.253-263. K. Uma Maheswari, A. Mallikarjuna Reddy and R. Bhuvana Vijaya	84-100
15.	Home Automation System Using Capacitive Touchscreen Home Automation System Using Capacitive Touchscreen Abstract: Technology has been constantly evolving and with the advent of touchscreen in human life , devices are much easier and simple to operate. This work is mainly focused on building home automation system which is more user friendly and thus can be operated by anyone. Earlier home automation systems were completely mechanically operated and thus required a lot of maintenance and were costly also. Now that human and computer interaction has been developed into a more wide and sophisticated field , designing and operating of intelligence system has been more user friendly than ever. Home automation is a system that helps a user to operate switching various appliances and lighting devices from a single input. The touchscreen used as input is much simpler to operate. Touchscreen has been widely accepted as the most comfortable input to be provided to the user. Not only they are easy to operate but they also give a sense of personal involvement which the user always appreciate. The materials used in this system are easily available in the local market so that the touch screen sytem is cost effective . Key words: Touchscreen , pic microcontroller, interfacing , sensor Reference [1] Keuling, Christopher "Touchscreen Press Deep Into Consumer Electronics". ECN Magazine. [2] R. A. Quinnell, "TOUCHSCREEN TECHNOLOGY", EDN, NOV 1995. [3] Wilson, Tracy "HowStuffWorks: Multi-touch System". [4] M.H Sherif "Intelligent homes: A new Challenge in telecommunications standardization", Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, no. 1, pp.8 2002 [5] M Weiser "The Computer for the 21st Century", Scientific American, pp.94 -104 1991 Yash Inaniya, Naresh Kumari and Urvashi Luthra	101-103
16.	Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Calculation for Electron Transport through Magnetic Tunnel Junction Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Calculation for Electron Transport through Magnetic Tunnel Junction Abstract: In this paper non-equilibrium Green's function method –dependent electron transport through non magnetic layer (insulator ) has been studied in one dimension .electron transport in multi-layer (magnetic/non magnetic/ magnetic)layers is studied as quantum .the result show increasing the binding strength of the electrical insulator transition probability density case , the electron density , broad levels of disruption increases. Broad band connection increases the levels of disruption to electrical insulation and show non- conductive insulating state to semiconductor stat and even conductor Reference [1]. S. Mathis Jaya and M. C. Valsakumar, Euro. Phys. J. B, 72, 41 (2009) [2]. Esaki. TsuR, (1970), IBMJ.Res.Dev.14, 6. [3]. Omar-M.A.Elewentary Solid state physics, (1975), principles and Application Addisonwesley. [4]. Mohn-p. Magetism in the solid state, an introduction (2006), Springer series in solid-state sciences.134. [5]. Heisenberg,(1926),zeitschf.physik38441 Sara Nobakht, Adeleh Vatan-Khahan and Hadi Arabshahi	104-105
17.	Forecasting the direction of stock market index movement using three data mining techniques: the case of Tehran Stock Exchange Forecasting the direction of stock market index movement using three data mining techniques: the case of Tehran Stock Exchange Abstract: Prediction of stock price return is a highly complicated and very difficult task because there are many factors such that may influence stock prices. An accurate prediction of movement direction of stock index is crucial for investors to make effective market trading strategies. However, because of the high nonlinearity of the stock market, it is difficult to reveal the inside law by the traditional forecast methods. In response to such difficulty, data mining techniques have been introduced and applied for this financial prediction. This study attempted to develop three models and compared their performances in predicting the direction of movement in daily Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. The models are based on three classification techniques, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Naïve Bayesian Classifier. Ten microeconomic variables and three macroeconomic variables were chosen as inputs of the proposed models. Experimental results show that performance of Decision Tree model (80.08%) was found better than Random Forest (78.81%) and Naïve Bayesian Classifier (73.84%). Key words: Predicting direction of stock market index movement- Decision Tree- Random Forest- Naïve Bayesian Classifier Reference [1] Abbasi, E., & Abouec, A. (2008) "Stock price forecast by using neuro-fuzzy inference system. Proceedings of World Academy of Science", Engineering and Technology, 36: 320–323. [2] Afolabi, M., & Olatoyosi, O. (2007) "Predicting stock prices using a hybrid Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM)", In 40th Annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 1–8. [3] Antipov, E.A. & Pokryshevskaya, E.B. (2012) "Mass appraisal of residential apartments: An application of Random forest for valuation and a CART-based approach for model diagnostics", Expert Systems with Applications, 39(2): 1772-1778. [4] Anyanwu, M.N. & Shiva, S.G. (2009) "Comparative Analysis of Serial Decision Tree Classification Algorithms", International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), 3: 230-240. [5] Boyacioglu, M.A. & Avci, D. (2010) "An Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for the prediction of stock market return: The case of the Istanbul Stock Exchange", Expert Systems with Applications, 37: 7908–7912. Sadegh Bafandeh Imandoust and Mohammad Bolandraftar	106-117
18.	Inverse Split and Non split Domination in Fuzzy graphs Inverse Split and Non split Domination in Fuzzy graphs Abstract: In this paper we define the notions of inverse split and non split domination in fuzzy graphs. We get many bounds on inverse split and non split domination numbers. Key words: dominating set, split dominating set, inverse split dominating set, non split dominating set, inverse non split dominating set. Reference [1.] Q.M.Mahyoub and N.D.Soner The Split domination number of fuzzygraphs [2.] S.Ghobadi ,N.D.Soner and Q.M.Mahyoub Inverse dominating set infuzzy graphs [3.] K.Ameenal Bibi and R.Selvakumar The inverse split and non -splitdominations in graphs [4.] A.Somasundaram, S.Somasundaram, domination in fuzzy graphs - I,February - 1998. [5.] Fuzzy graphs and fuzzy hypergraphs by John N.Mordeson,Premchand S.Nair S.Geetha, C.V.R.Harinarayanan	118-121
20.	A Mathematical Model for the Fetal Movement A Mathematical Model for the Fetal Movement Abstract: Depression is prevalent in pregnant women, affecting 10-25% of women. A mathematical model is used to study the prenatal depression which effects on the fetus and newborn. The results are obtained by mathematical formulas. Key words: Depression, Fetal movement, Mean time between failures (MTBF), Pregnancy, Projection Model. Reference [1] Abrams, S.M., Field, T., Scafidi, F., & Prodromidis, M. (1995). Newborns of depressed mothers. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16, 233-239. [2] Crow, L.H. Reliability Growth Projection from Delayed Fixes, Proceedings 1983, Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, pp.84-89. [3] Crow, L.H., Achieving High Reliability, RAC Journal, Vol. 4, 2000, Reliability Analysis Center, Rome, NY. [4] Crow, L.H., Reliability Analysis for Complex, Repairable Systems in Reliability and Biometry, ed. By F.Prochan and R.J. Sarling, pp.379-410, 1974, Philadelphia, SIAM. [5] Dieter, J.N.I., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Jones, N.a., LeCanuet, J.P., Salman, F.A., et al. (2001). Maternal depression and increased fetal activity. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21, 468-473. Kavitha, N	127-129
21.	A Shock Model for the Pregnancy at Pre Partum and Post Partum A Shock Model for the Pregnancy at Pre Partum and Post Partum Abstract: In this paper, a shock model for the effect of stress in terms of cortisol is studied. Assume that shocks arrive according to a Poisson process. Shocks are events which cause perturbation to the system, leading to its deterioration and consequent failure. The Cartisol Awakening Responds (CAR) at pre partum and post partum are compared by this model. Key words: Cartisol Awakening Responds (CAR), Delivery, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), Pregnancy, Shock model. Reference [1] Altemus M, Deuster PA, Galliven E, Carter CS, Gold PW. 1995. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80:2954-2959. [2] Brunton PJ, Russell JA. 2008. The expectant brain: Adapting for motherhood. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:11-25. [3] Esary, JD, Marshall, AW & Proschan, F 1973, 'Shock model and wear processes', Annals of Probability, vol. 1, pp. 627-649. [4] Glow A, Thorn L, Evans P, Hucklebridge F. 2004. The awakening cortisol response: Methodological issues and significance. Stress 7:29-37. [5] Lam, Y & Zhang, YL 2004, 'A shock model for the maintenance problem of a repairable system', Computers and Operations Research, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1807-1820. Kavitha, N	130-133
22.	Weibull Distributions for the Preterm Delivery Weibull Distributions for the Preterm Delivery Abstract: The purposes of this study are to evaluate the levels of CRH at pregnancy by using Weibull distributions. Also this study found the rate of change in placental CRH and the level of maternal cortisol in preterm delivery by the mathematical formulas. Key words: Cortisol, Corticotrophic-releasing hormone (CRH), Delivery, Mixture distribution, Pregnancy, Weibull distribution. Reference [1] Ahmad, K.E. and Abdul Rahman, A.M. (1994) Upgrading a Nonlinear Discriminate Function Estimated from a Mixture of two Weibull Distributions, Mathematics and Computer Modelling, 18, 41-51. [2] Boorse GC, Denver RJ. Acceleration of ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis by corticotrophin-releasing hormone. J Exp Zool 2002; 293:94-98. [3] Denver RJ, Environmental stress as a developmental cue: corticotrophin-releasing hormone is a proximate mediator of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis. Horm Behav 1997; 31:161- 179. [4] Denver RJ,. Evolution of the corticotrophinreleasing hormone signaling system and its role in stress-induced phenotypic plasticity. In: Sandman CA, Strand FL, Beckwith B, Chronwall BM, Flynn FW, Nachman Raj., editors. Neuropeptides: structure and function in biology and behavior. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences; 1999. p. 46-53. [5] Florio P, Franchini A, Reis FM, Pezzani I, Ottaviani E, Petraglia F. Human placenta, chorion amnion and deciduas express different variants of corticoptropinreleasing factor receptor messenger RNA. Placenta 2000; 21:32-37. Kavitha, N	134-137
23.	Active Solar Energy Use Approaching Sustainability Active Solar Energy Use Approaching Sustainability Abstract: Nowadays, sustainability becomes one of the most important issues that should be taken into consideration in various fields especially in architecture. Our responsibility for the future generation insinuates us for using renewable energy sources and integrating this pioneer system into the built environment. Although the world is facing problems of fossil fuel resources but unfortunately Utilization of solar energy received limited attention until recently. However, Integrating of active solar energy devices into the building envelopes is one of the good strategies for heat producing and power generating simultaneously from the same building. This paper discusses some characteristics about integration of PV s and solar thermal collectors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find suitable and possible ways of PV s and solar thermal collector's building integration in order to increasing energy efficiency without any impact on architectural features. Key words: active solar system, building integration, power supply, hot water supply, energy efficiency Reference [1] Basnet, A.(2012). Architectural Integration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collector Systems into buildings.published master thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. [2] Breyer,C., Knies,G.(2009).Global Energy Supply Potential Of Concentrating Solar Power. Proceedings SolarPACES 2009, Berlin [3] Fordham, M.(1999). Photovoltaics in Buildings A Design Guide. Report No ETSU S/P2/00282/REP, East Tennessee State University. [4] Henning, H. M .. (2007). "Solar-Assisted Air-Conditioning in Buildings, A Handbook for Planners", Second Revised Edition; IEA Solar Heating &Cooling Program, Springer Verlag [5] Hestnes, A. G. (1999). Building Integration of Solar Energy Systems. Journal of Solar Energy, 67(4-6), pp.181-187 NikouJavadiEshkalak, Seyedmehran Shahidipour, AmirhosseinKarimizadeh	138-149
24.	Characterization of Multi Crystalline PV Modules under Standard Test Conditions and its Comparison with other Module Types Characterization of Multi Crystalline PV Modules under Standard Test Conditions and its Comparison with other Module Types Abstract: Photovoltaic modules based on the relatively high efficiency crystalline technology are gaining importance in the photovoltaic market. Improving module performance is driven by a focus on lifetime yields and requirements of space – constraints sites. The materials used not only in thin film technologies but also crystalline pose problems in terms of measuring how much power is generated under STC. The fact that the modules power rates vary depends both on the amount of time they have been exposed to the sun and on their history of sunlight exposure in order to know the current state of the module. It is necessary to determine an easily accomplishable testing method that ensures the repeatability of the measurements of the power generated. This is essential because in order to have a reliable sample of the PV module population of a large PV plant, a huge no of modules must be measured. This paper shows different tests performed on different commercial crystalline PV modules both multi and mono, in order to find the best way to obtain measurements. A correlation was tested between sun exposure and power measured. A method for obtaining indoor measurements that takes periods of sunlight exposure into account is proposed. Also, temperature and irradiance coefficients were also determined for different technologies in order to obtain accurate measurements. Tests are operated in outdoor exposure and natural sunlight located in Gurgaon Region of Haryana (India) as specific composite climate environment, characterized by high irradiation and temperature levels. Key words: Crystalline PV Module, CdTe, Light Soaking, power conditioning, thin film. Reference [1] M. A. Munoz, O. Marin, M.C. Alonso-Garcia, F.Chenlo, Thin film characterization under standard test conditions, 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain, 2010, 6-10 September. [2] IEC 60904-1, 1998, Photovoltaic devices Part-1: Measurement of photovoltaic current- voltage characteristics. [3] T.W. Cannon, R. Hulstrom and D.T. Trudell, New instrumentation for measuring spectral effects during outdoor and indoor PV device testing, Proc. 23rd IEEE PhotovoltaicSpecialists Conference, Lousivelle, USA, 1993, 1176-1179, ISBN0-7803-1220-1. [4] T. Minimoto, S. Nagar, H. Takahura, Impact of spectral irradiance distribution and temperature on the outdoor performance of amorphous Si photovoltaic modules, Solar energy materials and solar cells, 91, 2007, 919-923. [5] R. Gottschalg, T.R Betts, D.G. Infield, M. J. Kearney, The effects of spectral variations on the performance parameters of single and double junction amorphous silicon solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and solar cells, 85, 2005, 415-428. Rahnuma. Siddiqui, Rajesh. Kumar, Gopal. Kumar. Jha, Sahan. Raghava, O. S. Sastry, Birinchi. Bora, Gulnar. Perveen, Usha. Bajpai	150-164
25.	Geostatical Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by Using Gis Geostatical Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by Using Gis Abstract: Ground waters are the major resources to meet out the entire requirements. Pollution of air, water and land has an effect on the quality of the ground waters. The chemical characteristics of groundwater in Salem taluk of Salem district have been studied using Geostatistical modeling to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation and domestic uses. The 32 water samples from PWD wells taken during the years 1999 to 2009 for post monsson and pre monsoon were tested for various chemical parameters like pH and TDS .The Geostatistical analyst of mean, mode, standard deviation, cluster & simple to study the spatial pattern of contamination movement for the years 1999 to 2009. Trend analysis was performed to identify trends in the input dataset. The concentrations of physical and chemical constituents in the water samples were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard to know the suitability of water for drinking. Key words: National Highway, Remote sensing, Alignment Using Gis, Shortest route Reference [1]. Aller, L., Bennett, T., Lehr, J. H., Petty, R. and G. Hackett. 1987. DRASTIC: A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, [2]. Asnachinda, P. 1996. Microbial activities and nature content in shallow groundwater at Ban Na Kob, Chom Thong district, Chiang Mai province. Paper presented at International Symposium on Geology and Environment, Chiang Mai, January 31- February 2, 1996. [3]. Atkinson, S. F., Thomlinson, J. R., Hunter, B. A., Coffey, J. M. and K. L. Dickson. 1992. [4]. The DRASTIC ground water pollution potential of Texas. Center for Remote Sensing and Landuse Analyses, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. 41 p [5]. Banton, O. and J. P. Villeneuve. 1989. Evaluation of ground water vulnerability to pesticides: A comparison between the pesticide DRASTIC index and the PRZM leaching quantities. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 4: 285-296. Barbash, J. E. and E. A. Resek. 1996. Pesticides in ground water: distribution, trends, and governing factors. Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan. 588 p T. Subramani, P. Krishnamurthi	165-172
26.	Saline Ground Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity Saline Ground Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity Abstract: Salinisation of land and rivers is a problem of national importance in India. Appropriate land management options to alleviate salinisation should be chosen with knowledge of the effects of land management on stream flow, stream salinity, stream salt load and land productivity. The Management of Catchment Salinisation (MCS) modelling approach has been described in earlier work. It links a one-dimensional soil water model with a groundwater model to investigate the effects of management options in study areas of approximately 50 km2. The one dimensional model is used to characterize the annual soil water balance as a function of underlying aquifer Vpotential for all required combinations of soil, vegetation and groundwater salinity. It includes the effect of salt accumulation on plant water use. A groundwater model is then used to estimate the depth to water table across the study area that reflects the topography, hydrogeology and the distribution of vegetation. The MCS model is used to investigate the potential effects of future land use scenarios on catchment salt and water balance. Land use scenarios that have been considered include: forest plantations, revegetation with native trees and shrubs, and development of small areas of crops (10 to 20 ha) irrigated with groundwater. This project focuses on the development of small crop areas irrigated with groundwater and investigates the sustainability of these schemes. It also compares the reduction of catchment salt load export under irrigation development with the reduction under afforestation Key words: National Highway, Remote sensing, Alignment Using Gis, Shortest route Reference [1]. Abersen, P. J., H. E. D. Houba, M. A., Keyser (2003), Pricing a raindrop in a processbased model: General methodology and a case study of the Upper-Zambezi, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28, 182-193. [2]. Ancev, T., (2011), Salinity Offsets in Australia. EU-EPI WATER Deliverable D6.1 – IBE Review reports. http://www.feem-project.net/epiwater/docs/d32-d6- 1/CS22_Australia.pdf. [3]. Angelaskis, A. N., M. H. F. M. Domonte, L. Bontoux, and T. Asano (1999), Status of wastewater reuse practice in the Mediterranean basin: Need for guidelines, Water Resources 33, 2201-2217. [4]. Appelo, C. A. J., D. Postma (2nd Edition), (2005), Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, Balkema Publishers, Leiden, pp. 649. [5]. Appels, W. M., P. W. Bogaart, and S. E. A. T. M. Van der Zee (2011), Influence of spatial variations of microtopography and infiltration on surface runoff and field scale hydrological connectivity, Advances in Water Resources, 34, 303-313. T. Subramani, M. Chandrasekaran	173-179
27.	Developing a Planning Framework for Accessible and Sustained Urban Agriculture Developing a Planning Framework for Accessible and Sustained Urban Agriculture Abstract: Food insecurity threatens communities across the Tamilnadu States, characterized by environmental degradation, decreasing agricultural land, rising social inequities, skewed communities, and public health issues. Urban agriculture provides an opportunity to counteract food system problems and empower individuals. Urban agriculture is broadly defined as food production in urban spaces. Despite its benefits, urban agriculture is threatened by institutional barriers. Urban agriculture is not fully supported by municipal laws and policies, making it vulnerable and impermanent. Therefore, developing and implementing planning policies, laws, and programs to support urban agriculture will establish its practices and support its benefits. Research focuses on broad policies, comprehensive plans, zoning ordinances, and organizational infrastructure. Samples are drawn from cities across the Tamilnadu States, including San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, Cleveland, Seattle, and Chicago. Discussion, comparison, and evaluation are based on public input and comment. Because of the very recent and ongoing nature of urban agriculture planning measures, discussed policies, laws, and programs are sometimes incomplete or in the process of being adopted. This thesis establishes opportunities, examples, and boundaries for developing an urban agriculture planning framework and potential nationwide municipal application. Key words: Planning, Framework, Farming , Urban Agriculture, Reference [1]. Aalbers H, Balkema A & Heijndermans E. 1996. Workshop on Sustainable Municipal Waste Water Treatment Systems. ETC Netherlands in cooperation with WASTE, Leusden, 12-14 November 1996. [2]. Armar-Klemesu M & Maxwell D. 1999. Urban agriculture: a case study of Accra. Legon: University of Ghana. [3]. Barrs Robert. 1997. Sustainable urban food production in the City of Vancouver: an analytical and strategy framework for planners and decision-makers. Vancouver, BC: City Farmer, Canada's Office of Urban Agriculture. [4]. Berg Leo van den & Zeeuw Henk de. 1998. Urbane landbouw: vele vormen. In: Albert Heringa et al. Uitdagingen van het stedelijk milieu voor ons werk. Den Haag: Stichting Nederlandse Vrijwilligers, pp 18-22. [5]. Bowyer-Bower TAS & Tengbeh G. 1995. The environmental implications of (illegal) urban agriculture in Harare, Zimbabwe. Working Paper 4. Presented at ODA Workshop on the Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts of (Illegal) Urban Agriculture in Harare, Zimbabwe. T.Subramani, R. Selvan	180-190
28.	Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery Irrigation System, India, Using Remote Sensing and Gis Technology Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery Irrigation System, India, Using Remote Sensing and Gis Technology Abstract: Evaluation of any irrigation project involves the assessment of area, improved by the project. Irrigated agriculture will play a major role in determining the future food security of most Asian countries, and it will also be the major contributor to the additional food production required as world population expands. Therefore, it is important to raise the agricultural performance of low productivity/ irrigation systems, while sustaining the performance of more-productive systems. In many countries, and particularly in India, accurate evaluation of irrigation system performance and sustainability is hampered by lack of adequate, reliable, and timely irrigation statistics. Usually, performance indicators such as yield, cropping intensity, and irrigation intensity are measured at an aggregated level, often at the state or national levels. Data at project level are rarely collected. If collected, they frequently are unreliable or not easily accessible. It is in this context emerging technologies in irrigation management, applied remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to study the Cauvery Irrigation System and to analyze agricultural performance issues. The diagnostic analysis of the operation of the Cauvery canal command area in south side India reported here was the result of collaborative research by the National Remote Sensing Agency. Satellite remote sensing was utilized to obtain data on basic agronomic characteristics and crop yield. Hydrologic analysis based on ground data was carried out, aided by GIS and supplemented with output data from a distributed computer model that simulates the spatiotemporal behaviour of canal water, soil water, and groundwater. The salient findings from this research are reported here and in Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Models for Performance Assessment in Irrigation Circle, India. The Cauvery Irrigation System is above average in agricultural performance compared with other irrigation systems in Tamilnadu. Key words: Cauvery Irrigation System, Cropping Intensity, Hydrologic Analysis, Tamilnadu, Crop Yield. Reference [1]. Bender MJ, Simonovic SP. 2000. A fuzzy compromise approach to water resource systems planning under uncertainty. Fuzzy sets and Systems 115:35-44. [2]. Chen SM, 1994. A new method for handling multicriteria fuzzy decision making problems. Cybernetics and System 25:409-420. [3]. Cornell G. 2001. Visual Basic 6 from the Ground up. Tata McGraw Hill: New Delhi, India. [4]. Heyder WE, Gates TK, Fontane DG. Salas JD. 1991. Multicriterion strategic planning for improvd irrigation delivery. II: application. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 117:914-934. [5]. Karamouz M, Kerachian R, Zahraie B. Nejhard SA. 2002. Monitoring and evaluation scheme using the multiple-criteria-decision making technique: application to irrigation projects. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 128: 341-350. T. Subramani, S. Badrinarayanan, K. Prasath, S. Sridhar	191-197
29.	Identification And Analysis Of Pollution In Thirumani Muthar River Using Remote Sensing Identification And Analysis Of Pollution In Thirumani Muthar River Using Remote Sensing Abstract: This study focused on water quality for Thirumanimuthar river basin, the possible auxiliary drinking water source of salem town tamilnadu. Through remote sensing (RS) approach, water quality retrieval models were established and analyzed for eight common concerned water quality variables, including algae content, turbidity, and concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved phosphorus, by using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data. The results showed that there existed a statistical significant correlation between each water quality variable and remote sensing data in the slightly-polluted inland water body with fairly weak spectral radiation. With appropriate method of sampling pixel digital numbers and multiple regression algorithms, algae content, turbidity, and nitrate nitrogen concentration could be retrieved within 10% mean relative error, concentrations of total nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus within 20%, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus within 30% while chemical oxygen demand had no effective retrieval method. These accuracies were acceptable for the practical applications of routine monitoring and early warning on water quality safety with some support of precise traditional monitoring. Key words: Thirumanimuthur, Remote sensing, Ground water, Hydro Geochemical. Reference [1] Ajibade, L.T, Ifabiyi, I.P.,Iroye, K.A. and Ogunteru, S, (2010), Morphometic Analysis of Ounapa Drainage Basins, Ibadan,Nigeria.Journal Of Environment Studies And Management, 3, pp.13-19. [2] Dury, G.H, (1952) Methods of Cartographical Analysis in Geomorphological Research Silver Jubilee Volume, Indian Geographical Society, Madras, pp.136-139. [3] Freeman, T.G, (1991), Calculating The Catchment Area with Divergent Flow Based on A Regular Grid: Computers And Geosciences, 17, pp.413-422. [4] H. Shahabi, (2012), Application of GIS Models in Site Selection of Waste disposal in Urban, Area, Journal Of Applied Physics, 1, pp.01-07. [5] Horton R.E, (1932), Drainage Basin Characteristics, Trans. Am.Geophys.Unon, 13, pp.350-361. T. Subramani, P. Someswari	198-207
30.	Comparison of Air Cooled and Evaporatively Cooled Refrigerartion Systems – A Review Paper Comparison of Air Cooled and Evaporatively Cooled Refrigerartion Systems – A Review Paper Abstract: The air cooled condensers are widely used as they are less costly and give satisfactory performance. But their performance is greatly affected by the temperature of cooling media which is ambient air. To deal this problem we can use water cooled condenser. But their cost and maintenance limit their use. The performance improvement of Air cooled condensers can be achieved by using evaporative cooling. This method may prove quiet effective and less costly. There are researchers working on the above issue. Few of them have successfully implemented the research in practice. The paper deals with a few papers using the evaporative cooling. The applications include domestic as well as industrial. Key words: Air cooled condenser, Evaporative cooling Reference [1] E. Hajidavalloo, H. Eghtedari, Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser, International Journal of Refrigeration vol. 33 (2010) 982–988. [2] Ebrahim Hajidavalloo, Application of evaporative cooling on the condenser of window-air-conditioner, Applied Thermal Engineering vol .27 (2007) 1937–1943 [3] F. W. Yu , K. T. Chan, Application of Direct Evaporative Coolers for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Air-Cooled Chillers , Journal of Solar Energy Engineering vol. 127 Aug 2005 [4] M.M. Nasr, M. Salah Hassan, Experimental and theoretical investigation of an innovative evaporative condenser for residential refrigerator, Renewable Energy vol. 34 (2009) 2447–2454 [5] Xiangsheng Wu, Xiaofeng Yang, Performance enhancement of air-cooled chillers with water mist: Experimental and analytical investigation, Applied Thermal Engineering vol. 40 (2012) 114-120 V. V. Birangane, A. M. Patil	208-211
31.	Experimental Analysis Of 80 Tr Capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller Using R-22 & R-407c. Experimental Analysis Of 80 Tr Capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller Using R-22 & R-407c. Abstract: In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, in air handling units or other types of terminal devices which cool the air in their respective space(s), and then the water is re-circulated back to the chiller to be cooled again. These cooling coils transfer sensible heat and latent heat from the air to the chilled water, thus cooling and usually dehumidifying the air stream. The experiment works on 80 TR capacity Air Cooled Scroll Chiller systems. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is used for cooling chilling water. Capacity of compressor is taken same for the different refrigerants used for experimental analysis. During experimental work used R-22 and R-407C as refrigerants. Theoretical COP of system with R-22 refrigerant is 4.166 and actual COP is 2.227. For 80 TR capacity scroll air cooled chiller, theoretical COP of system with R-407c refrigerant is 3.465 and actual COP is 2.745 respectively. Based on the result analysis the same capacity of air cooling system with scroll compressor Actual COP of R-407C is higher than R-22. It means R-407C is also a alternative refrigerant for air cooled chilling system and also for HVAC system. Key words: Air Chiller, Scroll Compressor, Vapour compression cycle, COP, HVAC system Reference [1] Hundy, G. F., "Applications of scroll compressors for supermarket refrigeration," Institute of Mechanical Engineers Seminar Publication, Vol. 15, pp. 67-79, (1998). [2] Voltas Limited EM&R Business Group Sales Headquarters Dadra&Haveli . R-407c The Engineers Guide Zero Ozone Depleting Refrigerant for Air Conditioning and heat pump systems. [3] Yu,F.W ,Chan,K.T, Experimental Determination of the Energy Efficiency of an Air-Cooled Chiller under part load Conditions, Energy, and vol. 30: p. 1747-1758. (2005). [4] Shao, S., Shi, W., Li, X. and Chen, H., Performance representation of variable-speed compressor for inverter air conditioners based on experimental data. International Journal of Refrigeration 27, 805–815., (2004). [5] Björk, E. and Palm, B., Performance of a domestic refrigerator under influence of varied expansion device capacity, refrigerant charge and ambient temperature, International Journal of Refrigeration, 29, 789–798, (2006). Mr. Bhikhu B, Prof. Ronak Shah, Prof. Bala Dutt	212-216
32.	Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis of Panamarathupatti Lake, Salem Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis of Panamarathupatti Lake, Salem Abstract: Land use and land cover change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. Urban expansion has brought serious losses of agriculture land, vegetation land and water bodies. Urban sprawl is responsible for a variety of urban environmental issues like decreased air quality, increased runoff and subsequent flooding, increased local temperature, deterioration of water quality, etc. In this work we have taken Panamarathupatti lake salem city as case to study the urban expansion and land cover change that took place in a span of 36 years from 1973 to 2009. Remote sensing methodology is adopted to study the geographical land use changes occurred during the study period. Landsat images of TM and ETM+ of Panamarathupatti lake salem city area are collected from the USGS Earth Explorer web site. After image pre-processing, un-supervised and supervised image classification has been performed to classify the images in to different land use categories. Five land use classes have been identified as Urban (Built-up), Water body, Agricultural land, Barren land and Vegetation. Classification accuracy is also estimated using the field knowledge obtained from field surveys. The obtained accuracy is between 73 to80 percent for all the classes. Change detection analysis shows that Built-up area has been increased by 372.28%, agricultural area has been decreased by 65.16% and barren area reduced by 60.98%. Information on urban growth, land use and land cover change study is very useful to local government and urban planners for the betterment of future plans of sustainable development of the city. Key words: Urban sprawl, Land-use and land-cover change, geographic information system, Change detection analysis Reference [1]. C. Seto, C. E. Woodcock, C. Song, X. Huang, J. Lu And R. K. Kaufmann,(2002), Monitoring land-use change in the Pearl River Delta using Landsat TM, Int. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 23, No. 10, 1985–2004. [2]. J.Li and H.M.Zhao, (2003), Detecting Urban Land Use and LandCover Changes in Mississauga using Landsat TM images, 2(1), 38-47. [3]. S.Tamilenthi1, J. Punithavathi1, R. Baskaran1 and K. ChandraMohan(2011), Dynamics of urban sprawl, changing direction and mapping: A case study of Salem city, Tamilnadu, India, Achieves of Applied Science Research, 3(1): 277-286 [4]. Shdhira, T.V Ramachandra and K.S. Jagadeesh(2004), Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,5,29-39 [5]. M. Turker and O.Asik,(2005), Land Use Change Detection At The Rural- Urban Fringe Using Multi-Sensor Data In Ankara, Turkey, International Journal of Geoinformatics, Vol.1, No.3. T.Subramani, V. Vishnumanoj	217-227
33.	DNA Computer; Present and Future DNA Computer; Present and Future Abstract: DNA computers use strands of DNA to perform computing operations. The computer consists of two types of strands – the instruction strands and the input data strands. The instruction strands splice together the input data strands to generate the desired output data strand. DNA computing holds out the promise of important and significant connections between computers and living systems, as well as promising massively parallel computations. Before these promises are fulfilled, however, important challenges related to errors and practicality has to be addressed. On the other hand, new directions toward a synthesis of molecular evolution and DNA computing might circumvent the problems that have hindered development, so far. This paper represent present and future DNA computer. Key words: DNA Computer, DNA Computing, Parallel Computation, Bio-Molecular. Reference [1] Leonard M. Adleman, Computing with DNA, Scientific American, August 1998. [2] Paun, G., Rozenberg, G., and Salomaa, A., Edited, 2005. DNA Computing-New Computing Paradigms, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg. [3] Srivastava, A., Pandey, V., ―Inconsistency in DNA computing and it's use in cryptography‖, Advance IEEE 3rd International Computing Conference (IACC), 2013. [4] Sarker, A., Ahmed, T., Rashid, S.M.M., Anwar, S. ; Jaman, L., Tara, N., Alam, M.M., Babu, H.M.H., "Realization of Reversible Logic in DNA Computing", IEEE 11th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE), 2011. [5] Xue, B., Xiyu L., ―Design of E-commerce development roadmap for SMEs using DNA computing technique‖, IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 2013. Amir Abbaszadeh Sori	228-232
34.	Studying New Views of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Knowledge Management in Executive Systems of Guilan Province, Iran Studying New Views of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Knowledge Management in Executive Systems of Guilan Province, Iran Abstract: Studies show that knowledge management entry into the organization and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), are two new phenomena that if managers do not pay enough attention to these factors it may lead to the loss of organization, The aim of this study is to Identify the extent and impact ratings of organizational citizenship behavior on knowledge management in Government Organizations .Main hypothesis studies is the relation between knowledge management and OCB and sub hypothesis study the relation between knowledge management and variables of OCB that inclusive 1.Altruisma 2.Conscientious 3.CivicVirtue 4.Sportsmanship 5.Courtesy.Research method In this study, is descriptive Statistical Society in this study is include all of employees of 10-governmental organizations in the city of Rasht, Guilan Province that is number 1724 persons and 315 of them were selected by using simple Systematic random from staff. After collection the information from questionnaires and study the relation between two variables, in significant level of data and critical value in 95 percent confident level, we conclude that the relation between knowledge management and OCB is significant. Key words: Knowledge Management, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Altruism, Working Conscience, Civic Virtue, Sportsmanship Courtesy. Reference [1] Azar, Adel & Mo'meni, Mansour, 1379, Statistics and its Application in Management, Tehran: SAMT Publications. [2] Bejani, Hossein, 1388, Knowledge Management in Learning Organizations, Tadbir Monthly Journal, No. 203. [3] Bayani, Ahmed, 1387, Research and Evaluation Method in Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tehran: Rahyaft Publications. [4] Biranod, Ali & Sajedeh, Amir, 1387, "Knowledge Management", Scientific Connection Monthly Journal, No. 3, Tenth Periodical. [5] Zare'e Matin, Hassan & Ahmedi, Feriedon, 1388, The Role of University in Developing Organization's Citizenship Behavior, Management in Islamic University, Thirteenth Year, No.1, Pages 22-43. Naghi Sayyar Rezvan, Hossein Khonyafar and Mohsen Koohi Nasr	233-243
35.	The Effect of Salt Concentration on Microbes during Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery The Effect of Salt Concentration on Microbes during Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Abstract: Reservoir fluid salinity, its effectiveness on viscosity as well as temperature dependency is an important parameter for enhanced oil recovery consideration. Previous studies on formation fluid properties focused on NaCl and KCl, the two most common brines in connate water and in water-based drilling mud, failing, however, to relate its performance to bacterial survival. This work has considered four different brine solutions and how it will affect the useability of pseudomonas species and halobacterium H – 356. The bacterial mixture viscosity shows a considerable difference between NaCl, CsCl, KCl and LiCl with NaCl and LiCl being favourable brines. Hence, for flooding agent at varying temperature since it makes the bacteria mixture viscosity more viscous whereas the KCl appeared less viscous compared to liquid mixture standard water. For the bacteria mixture, the viscosity of KCl and CsCl decreases with the concentration of a low temperature range and increases with the concentration at a high range. Key words: Bacteria Growth, MEOR, Salinity, Salt Concentration Reference [1] S.L. Bryant andT.P. Lockhart, Reservoir Engineering analysis of microbial enhanced oil recovery, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, Oct 2002, 365-374 [2] S.L. Marshall, "Fundamental Aspects of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Literature Survey", National Research flagship, CSIRO, Western Australia, 2008 [online], http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/science/2008/WFO-MicrobialOilRecovery.pdf (accessed Feb 13, 2014) [3] M-M.Chang, R.S.Bryant, H.W. Gao andT.-H. Chung, Modeling of Microbial Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, US DOE Report, July 1991 [online], http://www.netl.doe.gov/kmd/cds/disk44/I-Microbial/NIPER539.pdf (accessed Feb 13, 2014) [4] M. Wagner, Microbial enhancement of oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs with complex formation characteristics. Microbial enhancement of oil recovery-recent advances. In: Premuzic ET (ed.), Developments in Petroleum Science: Proc. of the 1992 international conference on microbial enhanced oil recovery, 31. (New York, USA : Elsevier, 1992), 387-398 [5] B. Bubela,Combined Effect of Temperature and other Environmental Stresses on Microbiologically Enhanced Oil Recovery, In: E.C. Donaldson and J.B. Clark (Ed.), Proc., 1982 International Conference on Microbial Enhancement of Oil Recovery, NTIS, Springfield, Va,1983, 118-123 Nmegbu, Chukwuma Godwin Jacob	244-247
36.	A Theoretical Aspect of Cloud Computing Service Models and Its Security Issues: A Paradigm A Theoretical Aspect of Cloud Computing Service Models and Its Security Issues: A Paradigm Abstract: Cloud computing is a distributed computing environment that provides on demand services to the users for deploying their computational needs in a virtualized environment without the knowledge of technical infrastructure. Due to reliability, scalability, high performance and low band width most of the organizations are running their applications in cloud. The cloud service providers provide the services to the registered cloud users on payment basic across the glove. The cloud services are basically categorized as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. The services are available to the users depending on cloud deployment and the SLA (service level agreements) between the service providers and the users. Providing security to the users and trust into cloud environment is the responsibility of the cloud service providers. The main objective of this paper is to provide a clear idea about the cloud service models and outline the security issues in the service models. Key words: Cloud computing; Cloud computing models; Cloud Security Issues; Cloud Security Threats. Reference [1]. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Cloud_Computning [2]. Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano,Rubén S. Montero, Ignacio M. Llorente," Key Challenges in Cloud Computing -Enabling the Future Internet of Services", Published by the IEEE Computer Society 1089-7801/13/ © 2013 IEEE, IEEE internet computing [3]. Dimitrios Zissis , Dimitrios Lekkas, "Addressing cloud computing security issues", 0167-739X/ © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.future.2010.12.006. [4]. M.Rajendra Prasad, R. Lakshman Naik, V.Bapuji," Cloud Computing : Research Issues and Implications ", International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-CLOSER) Vol.2, No.2, April 2013, pp. 134~140 ISSN: 2089-3337. [5]. Francesco M.A and Gianni F. "An approach to a cloud Computing network", IEEE, August 2008, pp113-118 S. B. Dash, H.Saini, T.C.Panda, A. Mishra	248-254
37.	Health-Care Waste Management System Health-Care Waste Management System Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to give A view of the hospital waste management and environmental problem in india. The objective of this study is to analyze the health care waste management system, including practices and compliances. Most countries of the world, especially the developing countries, are facing the grim situation arising out of environmental pollution due to pathological waste arising from increasing populations and the consequent rapid growth in the number of hospital units. In india, there are about 6 lakhs hospital beds, over 23,000 primary health centers, more than 15,000 small and private hospitals. In india, the biomedical waste (management and handling) rules 1998 make it mandatory for hospitals, clinics, and other medical and veterinary institutes to dispose of bio medical wastes strictly according to the rules. Key words: Health, Care, Waste Management, Medical. Reference [1]. Ahmed,s.A.,&ali,m, (2004), "partnerships for waste management in developing countries: linking theories to realities," habitat international, 28(3). [2]. Anon,(2006),"note on biomedical waste management", Tamil Nadu pollution control board, chennai, India . [3]. Blenkharn,j.i,(2007),"standards of clinical waste management in hospitals, "a second look journal of royal institute of public health., articlein press, .uk [4]. Dept. Of health services, (2004), "biomedical waste management status in NCT of Delhi," govt. of NCT of delhi. [5]. Gordon,jg,rein,pa.(2004),"medical waste management," hospital epidemiology and infection control. T. Subramani, P. Anitha, S. Sekar	255-258
38.	Treatment Of Municipal Waste Water In Salem City Treatment Of Municipal Waste Water In Salem City Abstract: The treatment processes and quality of the final effluent produced by tertiary filtration for phosphorus removal typically meet state criteria for wastewater reclamation. Reuse of this high quality effluent can be an attractive alternative to direct discharge into surface waters in situations where restrictive NPDES permit limitations apply. In this report, EPA region 10 presents observations of advanced wastewater treatment installed in Salem city. These facilities employ chemical addition and a range of filtration technologies which have proven to be very effective at producing an effluent containing low levels of phosphorus. Tamil Nadu Government Made A Policy Announcement Of Providing Under Ground Sewerage Scheme In All Urban Local Bodies In A Phased Manner At District Head Quarter Towns. The Municipal Sewerage Collection Network Systems Are Implemented and the Household Sewage Are Collected and Moved to the Collection Chamber of STP. The STP consists of various unit operations and processes to treat the raw sewage into the final treated effluent quality as per the stipulated standards. The project will have construction phase and operation phase impacts which have been assessed and the Environment Impact Assessment has been prepared. Key words: STP, Karuppur Village, Salem Municipality Reference [[1.] Al-Khatib, A.I., Maria, M., Abdul, F. Salem, A Z., Shaheen, H.Q. and Despo, K. (2010). Solid waste characterization, quantification and management practices in developing countries. A case study: Nablus district – Palestine, Journal of Environmental Management, 91 (5), PP.1131-1138, ISBN 0301-4797. [2.] Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P, and Baeyens, J. (2010). The Valorisation of Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) by Primary to Quaternary Routes: From Reuse of Energy and Chemicals, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 36 (1). PP. 103-129, ISSN 0360-1285. [3.] APO - Asian Productivity Organisation (2007). Solid Waste Management: Issues and Challenges in Asia. Asian Productivity Organization. PP.12-18. ISBN: 92-833-7058-9. [4.] Andrews, J.C, and Maurer, J. (2010). Materials Exchanges: An exploratory US survey. [Online]. Accessed at [Consulted on 2-05-2012]. [5.] ABA - American Bar Association (2012). Rule of Law Initiative. [Online]. Accessed at [Consulted on 09-06-2012]. T. Subramani, D. Kavitha, R. Thiyagu	259-263
39.	Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste Management In Urban India Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste Management In Urban India Abstract: This paper attempts to assess the various factors that govern the sustenance of a decentralized Solid waste management system in urban India. Towards this end, two decentralized composting facilities (One operational and the other closed) were studied both of which were started at the same time in Bangalore. The parameters covered under the study were the technology and the technical expertise, Managerial influence, economic viability, community support including the socio- economic status of the Community and the influence of parallel government schemes. Our findings indicate that success and long-term. Key words: Sustainable Decentralized Model, Solid Waste Management, Municipal Solid Waste Reference [1]. Balasubramanyan V.K., A Preliminary Discussion Paper on the Possible Role of Decentralized Solid Waste Management Efforts in Urban Solid Waste Management, pg12. [2]. Balasubramanyan V. K., Breakthrough in the Technology of Solid Wastes Management: A Proposal for Fine Tuning and Dissemination, February 2004. [3]. Christian Zurbrugg and Christian Aristanti, Solid Waste Management, Waste Collectors are Operating a Composting Unit on Neighborhood Level An Indonesian Example, http://www.sandel.ch/solid waste/pages/composting - Indonesia. htm accessed on Jan 4, 2006, 4.0. [4]. Christian Zurbrugg, Silke Drescher, Almitra Patel, Sharatchandra H.C., Taking a Closer Look at [5]. Decentralized Composting Schemes - Lessons from India, Published in Asian Society for Environment Protection (ASER) newsletter, March 2003. T. Subramani, R. Umarani, S. K. Bharathi Devi	264-269
40	Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluent on Soil Plant Health Act on Environment Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluent on Soil Plant Health Act on Environment Abstract: Effect of continuous irrigation with sewage effluent on soil properties and status of nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants in the adjoining areas of Agra and Mathura cities of Uttar Pradesh was ascertained. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage water irrigation. An appreciable increase in organic carbon, available N, P, K contents was recorded in the sewage water irrigated soils. Electrical conductivity of sewage water irrigated soils was much below the threshold limit of salinity. Application of sewage water resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil. The mean contents of total Cd, Cr, Pb in the soils irrigated with sewage water were 2.85, 75.40 and 40.26 mg kg- 1, respectively. The mean values of available Cd, Cr and Pb in soils were 0.21, 0.33 and 1.27 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration of Cr in lettuce, cabbage and be seem plants grown on sewage water was higher as compared to its tolerance level indicating their accumulation in plants. In general, Cd was relatively higher in lettuce (0.88 mg kg-1). On the other hand, be seemed contained relatively higher amount of Cr and Pb. Key words: Impact, Sewage, Industrial Effluent, Soil Plant Health, Environment. Reference [1]. Adhikari, S.; Gupta, S.K. & Banerjee, S.K. (1993). Heavy metals content of city sewage and sludge. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 41: 160-172. [2]. Adhikari, S.; Gupta, S.K. & Banerjee, S.K. (1997). Long-term effect of raw sewage application on the chemical composition of ground water. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 45: 392-394. [3]. Antil, R.S. & Narwal, R.P. (2005). Problems and prospectus of utilization of sewer water in Haryana. In: Management of Organic Wastes for Crop Production, K.K. Kapoor, P.K. Sharma, S.S. Dudeja & B.S. Kundu, (Ed.), 159- 168, Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. [4]. Antil, R.S. & Narwal, R.P. (2008). Influence of sewer water and industrial effluents on soil and plant health. In: Groundwater resources: Conservation and management, V.D.Puranik, V.K. Garg, A. Kaushik, C.P. Kaushik, S.K. Sahu, A.G. Hegde, T.V. Ramachandarn, I.V. Saradhi & P. Prathibha, (Ed.), 37-46, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, GJU Science and Technology Hisar, India. [5]. Gupta, S.K. & Mitra, A. (2002). In: Advances in Land Resource Management for 21st Century, 446-469, Soil Conservation Society of India, New Delhi. Indian Standards (IS) (1982). Tolerance limits for inland surface water subject to pollution, Indian Standards IS, 2296. T. Subramani, M. Mangaiyarkarasi, C. Kathirvel	270-273
41	Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Groundwater Tanneries by Using Gis Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Groundwater Tanneries by Using Gis Abstract: Urbanization is a progressive concentration of population in urban unit. At the moment, India is one among the country of low level of urbanization. In the last fifty years the population of India has grown two-and-a-half times, but urban India has grown nearly five times. In 2001, 306.9 million Indians (30.5%) were living in nearly 3700 towns and cities spread across the country, and it is expected to increase to over 400 million and 533 million by 2011 and 2021 respectively. At the moment, India is among the counties of low level of urbanization. As a result, most urban settlements are characterized by shortfalls in housing and water supply, urban encroachments in fringe area, inadequate sewerage, traffic congestion, pollution, poverty and social unrest making urban governance a difficult task. The high rate of urban population growth is a cause of concern among India's urban and town planners for efficient urban planning. There are increasingly widespread indications of degradation in the quality and quantity of groundwater, serious or incipient, caused by excessive exploitation and/or inadequate pollution control. The scale and degree of degradation varies significantly with the susceptibility of local aquifers to exploitation−related deterioration and their vulnerability to pollution. This project is based on the investigation or review of the situation in a substantial number of developing cities worldwide. It aims to raise the awareness among policymakers of hydro-geological processes in urban areas, to highlight key urban groundwater issues, to provide a framework for the systematic consideration of the groundwater dimension in urban management, and to formulate approaches for more sustainable management of groundwater resources in urban areas using remote sensing method.Urbanization on account of demographic and economic growth leads to the wide variety of environmental problems. The supply of infrastructure cannot cope with the demand placed by urban development. It results inadequacy of urban infrastructure, which leads to degradation of the quality of natural resources such as air, water, land, vegetation, marine life. In addition industrial pollution in large cities causes effects to human life. The present study is aimed to analyze the growth of urban development and its impact on ground water. To analyze the growth of Dindigul town and its impact on ground water quality remote sensing techniques were used. Dindigul town spreads over an area of 14.01 km2. Since 1970 the area was not increased but due to increasing population wards increased. For the assessment of ground water quality impact samples were taken in and around the town and analyses further. The results indicated that the samples nearer to the tanneries were exceeding the limits; mainly Begambur and Paraipatti compared to other locations. Key words: Urban sprawl, Land-use and land-cover change, geographic information system, Change detection Reference [1]. Peace Trust, Dossier on Tannery pollution in Tamil Nadu, 2000, p. 280. [2]. World Health Organization, Guideline of drinking quality. WHO, Washington DC, 1984, pp. 333–335. [3]. District collector office record – 2002, Dindigul. [4]. Dindigul Municipality record 2000-2002 [5]. Balasubrahmanian K., Geology of Parts of Vedasandur Taluk, Madurai District, Tamilnadu, Progress Report, GSI Tech. Rept. Madras, (1980), p.14. T. Subramani, T. Manikandan	274-282

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Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Analysis of Panamarathupatti Lake, Salem

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Studying New Views of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Knowledge Management in Executive Systems of Guilan Province, Iran

The Effect of Salt Concentration on Microbes during Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

A Theoretical Aspect of Cloud Computing Service Models and Its Security Issues: A Paradigm

Health-Care Waste Management System

Treatment Of Municipal Waste Water In Salem City

Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste Management In Urban India

Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluent on Soil Plant Health Act on Environment

Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Groundwater Tanneries by Using Gis