Peer Reviewed Journal

Prospects of Establishing Small Wind Turbine Systems in Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract: Wind regimes are being investigated in different locations of Nigeria by Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET). One year data was collected from the only NIMET synoptic station in Kano State, located at MallamAminu Kano International Airport, and analyzed. The results indicated an average minimum wind speed of 3 m/s for September and October and a maximum wind speed of 5.6 m/s for June. The study established an annual average wind speed of 4.3 m/s over the year 2007 in the municipality and some rural areas of Kano State, Nigeria. Major contributions of prevailing winds in the year were found out to be from South-West wind (56%) in May, East wind (52%) in January, and North-East wind (46%) in February. The South-West wind predominantly gave a major contribution from February to July across the year. These findings prove the prospects of establishing Small Wind Turbine System in the State. This could assist in power supply within Kano State for domestic use and cottage industries, particularly to supplement the grid supply in remote locations.

Key words: small, wind turbine, average wind velocity, prospects, rural area

Reference
[1] M. Asif and T. Muneer, Energy Supply, its Demand and Security Issues for Developed and Emerging Economies,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(7), 2007, 1388-1413.
[2] S. Clarke, Electricity Generation Using Small Wind Turbines at Your Home or Farm, FACTSHEET (2003).
[3] G.T. Wrixon, A-M. E. Rooney, and W. Palz, Renewable Energy-2000, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (1993).
[4] Carbon Trust, Small scale wind energy: Policy insights and practical guidance, UK (2008).Available: http://www.carbontrust.com/media/77248/ctc738_small-scale_wind_energy.pdf
[5] Thorstensson E., Small Scale Wind Turbines: Introductory Market Study for Swedish Conditions, master's thesis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gotoborg, Sweden (2009).

Mimo Based Downlink Channels with Limited Feedback and User Selection Using Th Precoding Technique

Abstract: The implementation of Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) pre-coding for multiuser MIMO systems based on quantized channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side. Compared with the results in [1], our scheme applies to more general system setting where the number of users in the system can be less than or equal to the number of transmit antennas. We also study the achievable average sum rate of the proposed quantized CSI-based TH pre-coding scheme. The expressions of the upper bounds on both the average sum rate of the systems with quantized CSI and the mean loss in average sum rate due to CSI quantization are derived. We also present some numerical results. The results show that the nonlinear TH pre-coding can achieve much better performance than that of linear zero-forcing pre-coding for both perfect CSI and quantized CSI cases. In addition, our derived upper bound on the mean rate loss for TH pre-coding converges to the true rate loss faster than that of zero-forcing pre-coding obtained in [2] as the number of feedback bits becomes large. Both the analytical and numerical results show that nonlinear pre-coding suffers from imperfect CSI more than linear pre-coding does.

Key words: Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding, QR decomposition, random vector quantization, zero-forcing,

Reference
[1] C. Windpassinger, R. F. H. Fischer, T. Vencel, and J. B. Huber, ―Precoding in multiantenna and multiuser communications,‖ IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1305–1316, July 2004.
[2] N. Jindal, ―MIMO broadcast channels with finite-rate feedback,‖ IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 52, pp. 5045–5060, Nov. 2006.
[3] I. E. Telatar, ―Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels,‖ Europ. Trans. Commun., pp. 585–595, Nov.-Dec. 1999.
[4] G. J. Foschini and J. E. Hall, ―Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas,‖ Bell Labs Tech. J., pp. 41–59, 1996.
[5] P. W. Wolniansky, G. J. Foschini, G. D. Golden, and R. A. Valenzuela, ―V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel,‖ in Proc. 1998 URSI Int. Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics, pp. 295–300.

Search Based Software Engineering

Abstract: This paper reviews the search based software engineering research and finds the major milestones in this direction. The SBSE approach has been the topic of several surveys and reviews. Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE) consists of the application of search-based optimization to software engineering. Using SBSE, a software engineering task is formulated as a search problem by defining a suitable candidate solution representation and a fitness function to differentiate between solution candidates. This paper gives an overview of major research studies undertaken in the domain.

Index Terms: GA, SBSE, MEOA, NSGA-II and SPEA2

Reference
[1] Search Based Test Data Generation Using Evolutionary Testing Techniques, International Journal of Software Engineering (IJSE), Volume (1) : Issue (5) , S. Kanmani , P. Maragathavalli.
[2] "Search based software engineering", www.elsevier.com/locate/infsof, Mark Harman,bryan f. jones
[3] "The Current State and Future of Search Based Software Engineering", Future of Software Engineering(FOSE'07) 0-7695-2829-5/07 $20.00 © 2007,IEEE,Mark Harman King's College London Strand, London,WC2R 2LS United Kingdom
[4] "Search Based Software Engineering: Introduction to the Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 36, NO. 6, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010. Mark Harman and Afshin Mansouri.
[5] "Search based software engineering Software engineering using meta heuristic innovative search algorithms.", Mark Harman and Afshin Mansouri.

Delay Tolerant Network Routing Nature – A Study

Abstract: Delay-Tolerant network (DTN) is a network in which no simultaneous end-to-end path exists. And the messages delivered in the DTN usually have large delivery latency due to network partition. These special characteristics make DTN routing a challenging problem. For this purpose, we updated the shortest path based routing algorithms using conditional intermeeting times and proposed to route the messages over conditional shortest paths. This proposes Conditional Shortest Path Routing (CSPR) protocol that route the messages over conditional shortest paths in which the cost of links between nodes is defined by conditional intermeeting times rather than the conventional intermeeting times.

Key words: DTN, CSPR, Routing, Network;

Reference
[1] Delay tolerant networking research group, http://www.dtnrg.org.
[2] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis,C. S. Raghavendra, Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The single-copy case, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 16, no. 1, Feb. 2008.
[3] J. Burgess, B. Gallagher, D. Jensen, and B. N. Levine, MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption- Tolerant Networks, In Proc. IEEE Infocom, April 2006.
[4] A. Vahdat and D. Becker, Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks, Duke University, Tech. Rep. CS-200006, 2000.
[5] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis,C. S. Raghavendra, Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The multi-copy case, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2008.

Object Detection from Complex Background Image Using Circular Hough Transform

Abstract: In this study we discuss about the method to detect the object from the complex background. Object detection and recognition in noisy and cluttered images is a challenging problem in computer vision. The goal of this project is to detect the object using few methods such as color processing and shape detection. Colour processing uses thresholding operation to eliminate the unrelated colour or object in the image. Circular Hough Transform (CHT) will determine the candidates of object with the given radius within an image by collecting the maximum voting.

Key words: Canny edge detection, Circular Hough transform (CHT), Colour processing, Histogram Equalization

Reference
[1] Dembele, F. Object Detection using Circular Hough Transform
[2] Pedersen, S. J. K. (2007). "Circular Hough Transform." Aalborg University, Vision, Graphics, and Interactive Systems
[3] D'Orazio, T., C.Guaragnella, M. Leo and A.Distante, 2004. A new algorithm for ball Recognition using circle Hough transform and neural classifier. Pattern Recognition, 37: 393-408.
[4] Kawaguchi, T., D. Hidaka and M. Rizon, 2000.Detection of eyes from human faces by Hough transform and separability filter. Proc. of IEEE ICRP, 1: 49-52.
[5] Fukui, K. and O. Yamaguchi, 1997. Facial feature points extraction method based on combination of shape extraction and pattern matching. Trans. IEICE Japan J90-D-II. 8: 2170-2177.

CFD Analysis of Supersonic Coaxial Jets on Effect of Spreading Rates

Abstract: Prevailing high-speed air-breathing propulsion systems invariably banks on coaxial jets which plays a vigorous role in stabilization of flames and combustion emission. Coaxial jets have applications in supersonic ejectors, noise control techniques and enhancement of mixing. Coaxial jet nozzles regulate spreading rates by developing virtuous mean flow and shortening primary flow potential core length. In the present paper, two-dimensional coaxial jet profiles of different area ratios are designed and analyzed. The models were designed in ANSYS Design Modeler and the numerical simulation was done in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 using the two dimensional density based energy equation and k- ε turbulence model with primary supersonic flow and secondary subsonic flow. The contours of turbulence intensity, acoustics power level and axial-velocity are investigated along the flow direction. This study shows that increasing the area ratio results in less turbulence which in turn increases the potential core length,acoustics power level, turbulent kinetic energy and generates more noise.

Key words: Coaxial jets, spreading rates, potential core length, noise control, turbulence model, acoustics.

Reference
[1] N.Karthikeyan, B.T.N.Sridhar, Studies on effect of jet shapes in the coaxial supersonic jet spreading rates,International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Applications Research, Vol. 02, Issue 02; August- December 2011.
[2] Seung-Cheol Baek, Soon-Bum Kwon, Byeong-Eun Lee, An Experimental Study of Supersonic Dual Coaxial Free Jet, KSME International Journal, Vol. 17 No. 12, pp. 2107~2115, 2003.
[3] J. Philip Drummond, Enhancement of Mixing and Reaction in High-Speed Combustor Flow field, International Colloquium on Advanced and Analysis of Combustion, 1997, Moscow, RUSSIA.
[4] Nicholas J.Georgiadis and Dimitri Papamoschou, Computational Investigations of High-Speed Dual-Stream Jets, 9th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustis Conference and Exhibit, 12-14 May 2003, Hilton Head, South Carolina.
[5] Nevin Celik, Daniel W. Bettenhausen and Ryan D. Lovik, Formation of Co-Axial Jets and Their Downstream Development, No name manuscript.

Image Enhancement Using DWT DCT and SVD

Abstract: Image enhancement deals with enhancing the image so that it provides more details. Several techniques are proposed for contrast enhancement of a low-contrast satellite images and CT scans. Here a new technique has been proposed based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The proposed technique divides image into blocks and converts each block of image into the DWT-SVD-DCT domain after normalizing the singular value matrix. Then the modified image is reconstructed by using inverse DCT and DWT and the blocks are combined. Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) has been used here. Results of the proposed method clearly indicates increased efficiency and flexibility perceptually and quantitatively over the existing methods like DWT-SVD technique.

Key words: Adaptive histogram, DCT, DWT, Histogram Equalization, SVD

Reference
[1] R. C. Gonzalez, and R. E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2007
[2] G.Praveena, M.Venkatasrinu, A Modified SVD-DCT Method for Enhancement of Low Contrast Satellite Images, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research, 5(2), 2012, 1615-1619.
[3] Ganesh naga sai Prasad. V , Habibullah khan , Image enhancement using Wavelet transforms and SVD ,Bhavana.k,Muralidhar.Ch ,Tulasi sai kiran.Ch, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(3), 2012, 1080-1087.
[4] K. Bhandari, A. Kumar and P. K. Padhy, Enhancement of Low Contrast Satellite Images using Discrete Cosine Transform and Singular Value Decomposition,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology , 2011.
[5] Sulochana S Vidhya R, Satellite Image Contrast Enhancement using Multi wavelets and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) , International Journal of Computer Applications 35(7), 2011,0975 – 8887.

An Implementation Of Network Traffic Classification Technique Based On K-Medoids

Abstract: Classification of network traffic is extensively required mainly for many network management tasks such as flow prioritization, traffic shaping/policing, and diagnostic monitoring. Many approaches have been evolved for this purpose. The classical approach such as port number or payload analysis methods has their own limitations. For example, some applications uses dynamic port number and encryption techniques, making these techniques ineffective. To overcome these limitations machine learning approaches were proposed. But these approaches also have problems of labeled instances in supervised learning and tedious manual work in unsupervised learning. Our aim was to implement an approach for classification of network traffic on semi-supervised data which overcomes the shortcomings of other two approaches. In this approach, flow (instance) statistics are used to classify the traffic. These flow statistics contains few labeled and many unlabeled instances constitutes a training data set which was used for the training (learning) of classifier. Then we used two processes: the clustering (using K-Medoids) which divides the training data into different groups and classification in which the labeling to the groups was done. To build the model we used the MATLAB tool. To test the build model we used KDD CUP 99 intrusion detection data set, which includes both attack data and normal data.

Key words: Classification, Clustering, Machine Learning, Semi-Supervised, K-Medoids.

Reference
[1] Liu Yingqiu, Li Wei, Li Yunchun, "Network Traffic Classification using K-Means Clustering," in Second International Multisymposium on Computer and Computational Sciences, Aug.2007, pp. 360- 365.
[2] Alberto Dainotti, Walter de Donato, Antonio Pescape, Pierluigi Salvo Rossi, "Classification of Network Traffic via Packet Level Hidden Markov Models," in IEEE GLOBECOM, New Orleans, LO, Dec. 2008, pp. 1-5.
[3] Geza Szabo, Istyan Szabo, Daniel Orincasy, "Accurate Traffic Classification," in IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM),Espoo, Finland, June 2007, pp. 1-8.
[4] Ms. Sheetal S. Shinde, Dr. Sandeep P. Abhang, "A Network Traffic Clasification Technique using Clustering on Semi- Supervised Data," in International Journal of Electronics, Communication, & Soft Computing Sciences & Engineering, ISSN: 2277-9477,Mar. 2012, pp. 151-155.
[5] Alberto Dainotti, Antonio Pescape, "Issues and Future Directions in Traffic Classification," in IEEE Network, Feb. 2012, pp. 35-40.

Removal of Congo red Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Saw Dust as an Adsorbent

Abstract: The removal of this dye from the industry waste water is environmentally significant. In the present work, easily available, and low cost adsorbent i. e. saw dust was employed to remove congo red dye from water. The effects of parameters like pH, amount of adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature were studied. The result showed that 90% dye was removed when p^H= 9 and contact time is 120 minutes.when the temperature increases from 298 K, 303 K and 308 K, the rate of adsorption also increases. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm were also studied. The kinetic study shows that the system follows pseudo 2^nd order. The ultrasonic velocities of dye solution were studied. The result shows that the velocity increases with adsorption increases.

Key words: adsorption, adsorption isotherm, congo red, kinetc study, saw dust.

Reference
[1] Mcmullan G., Meehan C., Conneely A., Kirby N., Robinson T., et. al., Microbial decolourization and degradation of textile dyes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56, (2001), 81-7.
[2] Nigam P., Armour G., Bonant I. M., Singh D., Marchant R., Physical removal of textile dyes and solid state fermentation of dye- adsorbed agricultural residues, Bioresour Technol, 72, (2000), 219-226.
[3] Wolfe N. L., Weber E., Environ. Toxicol Chem., 6 (1987) 911-927.
[4] Nagda, G. K. , Diwan A. M.and Ghole, V. S., App. Eco. & Enviro. Res. 2 (2007) 1, 2.
[5] Bozdogan A., Gokunil H., The removal of colour of textile dyes in waste water by use of recycled coagulant, M. U. Fena Billimleri Dergisi, 4 (1987) 83-96.

VLSI Implementation of Encryption and Decryption System Using Hamming Code Algorithm

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimized VLSI implementation of encryption and decryption system using hamming code algorithm. In the present field of communication has got many applications, and in every field the data is encoded at the transmitter and transfer on a communication channel and receive at the receiver after data is decoded. During the broadcast of data it might get degraded because of some noise on the channel. So it is crucial for the receiver to have some function which can recognize and correct the error in the received data. Hamming code is one of such forward error correcting code which has got many applications. In this paper the algorithm for hamming code is discussed and then implementation of it in verilog is done to get the results. Hamming code is an upgrading over parity check method. Here a code is implemented in verilog in which 4-bit of information data is transmitted with 3-redundancy bits. In order to do that the proposed method uses a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It is known that FPGA provides quick implementation and fast hardware verification. It gives facilities of reconfiguring the design construct unlimited number of times. The HDL code is written in verilog, Gate Level Circuit and Layout is implemented in CMOS technology.

Key words: Hamming Code, FPGA, CMOS, Encryption, Decryption

Reference
[1] Z. Al-Ars and A. J. van de Goor, "Soft faults and importance of stresses in memory testing," Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1084–1089, Feb. 2004.
[2] R. W. Hamming, "Error detecting and error correcting code," Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 26, pp. 147–160, Apr.1950.
[3] P. K. Lala, P. Thenappan, and M. T. Anwar, "Single error correcting and double error detecting coding scheme," IET Electronics Letters, vol. 41, Issue 13, pp. 758–760, Feb. 2005.
[4] Rick Ma and Samuel Cheng "The Universality of Generalized Hamming Code for Multiple Sources", IEEE Transactions on Communications, VOL. 59, NO. 10, PP. 2641- 2647, OCTOBER 2011

Hardware Solution to Motion Object Detection Using Morphological Filtering and FPGA

Abstract: Moving Object detection applications popularly uses background subtraction method where the stable background image is subtracted from each frame to detect the moving object. Most of these applications are software based applications which are relatively slower and inaccurate. This paper presents an innovative and unique hardware solution using morphological filtering technique and we observe a output on visual basic hyperlink terminal. This solution is based on Microblaze architecture of Spartan 3 EDK FPGA. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are commonly used for implementing complex image processing algorithm applications.

Index terms: FPGA, Background subtraction, Morphological filter, dilation, erosion, Image processing

Reference
[1] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaad, and A. Luthra, "Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560–575, Jul. 2003.
[2] Z. He, Y. Liang, L. Chen, I. Ahmad, and D.Wu, "Power-rate-distortion analysis for wireless video communication under energy constraints", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 645–658, May 2005.
[3] H. F. Ates and Y. Altunbasak, "Rate-distortion and complexity optimized motion estimation for H.264 video coding," IEEE Trans. CircuitsSyst. Video Technol., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 159–171, Feb. 2008.
[4] S. Lee, "Fast motion estimation based on search range adjustment and matching point decimation," IET Image Process., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2010.
[5] A. Bahari, T. Arslan, and A. T. Erdogan, "Low-power H.264 video compression architectures for mobile communication," IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1251–1261, Sep. 2009

Speed Regulation and Torque Ripple Minimization of Induction Motor by DTC with PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller

Abstract: This paper presents a direct flux and torque control (DTC) of Induction motor drive (IMD) for speed regulator (SR) using PI and fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The DTC control method has been optimized by using conventional PI controller in the SR loop of IDM. The main drawback of the DTC of IMD using conventional PI controller based SR is high torque, stator flux ripples and speed of IMD is decreasing under transient and steady state operating conditions. This drawback was eliminated using the FLC. The FLC based SR control scheme combines the benefits of DTC technique along with PI and FLC technique. Finally the effectiveness, validity, and performance of the DTC of IMD using both conventional PI and FL controller based SR has been analyzed, studied, compared, and confirmed by simulation result, from the simulation result found that the low torque, stator flux ripples, and rated speed with the FLC technique using Matlab / simulink.

Key words: Conventional PI Controller, Direct Torque Control, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Induction Motor Drive, Space Vector Modulation

Reference
[1] F. Blaschke, "The principle of field-orientation as applied to the transvector closed-loop control system for rotating-field machines", Siemens Rev., vol. 34, pp. 135-147, 1988.
[2] G. S. Buja, M.P.Kazmierkowski, "DTC of pwm inverter-fed AC motors - A Survey", iEEE Trans. on Ind. Eiec., volume 54, no. 4, 2004.
[3] Takahashi and T.Noguchi, "A new quick response and high efficiency control strategy of an induction motor", IEEE Trans. 1nd. Appl., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 820-827, 1986.
[4] Domenico Casadei, Francesco Profumo, Giovanni Serra, and Angelo Tani, "FOC and DTC: Two Viable Schemes for Induction Motors Torque Control", IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 5, Sept. 2002.
[5] Takahashi and Y. Ohmori, "High-performance direct torque control of induction motor", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 25, no.2,pp.257-264, 1989.

A survey on anomaly and signature based intrusion detection system (IDS)

Abstract: Security is considered as one of the most critical parameter for the acceptance of any networking technology. Information in transit must be protected from unauthorized release and modification, and the connection itself must be established and maintained securely malicious users have taken advantage of this to achieve financial gain or accomplish some corporate or personal agenda. Denial of Service (DoS) and distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks are evolving continuously. These attacks make network resources unavailable for legitimate users which results in massive loss of data, resources and money. Combination of Intrusion detection System and Firewall is used by Business Organizations to detect and prevent Organizations‟ network from these attacks. Signatures to detect them are not available. This paper presents a light-Weight mechanism to detect novel DoS/DDoS (Resource Consumption) attacks and automatic signature generation process to represent them in real time. Experimental results are provided to support the proposed mechanism.

Key words: Novel DoS attack detection, automatic Signature generation, Main Memory Database Management System

Reference
[1] Swati Paliwal,,Ravindra Gupta" Denial-of- Service,Probing& Remote to User(R2L) Attack Detection using Genetic Algorithm Volume60" No.19. December 2012
[2] Jie Yang, Xin Chen, Xudong Xiang, Jianxiong Wan, "HIDS-DT: An Effective Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Based on Decision Tree", 2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing
[3] Yu-Xin Ding, Min Xiao, Ai-Wu Liu "Research And Implementation On Snort-Based Hybrid Intrusion Detection System", Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding,12-15 July IEEE 2009, DOI: 1.1109/ICMLC.2009. 5212282
[4] Adetunmbi A. Olusola, Adeola S. Oladele, Daramola O.Abosede, "Analysis of KDD ‟99 Intrusion Detection Dataset for Selection of Relevance Features", Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Volume I, IEEE 2010 Anomalous Contents", 2010 Sixth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications
[5] Yu-Xin Ding, Min Xiao, Ai-Wu Liu, "Research And Implementation On Snort-Based Hybrid Intrusion Detectio System", Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding,12-15 July IEEE 2009, DOI: 10.1109/ICMLC.2009. 5212282

Power Generation and Distribution System of Modern Civil Aircraft

Abstract: As the aircraft industry is moving towards the all electric and More Electric Aircraft (MEA); is the future trend in adopting single power type for driving the non-propulsive aircraft systems; i.e. is the electrical power. The trend in the aircraft industry is to replace hydraulic and pneumatic systems with electrical systems achieving more comfort and monitoring features. The structure of MEA distribution system improves aircraft maintainability, reliability, flight safety and efficiency. Moreover, MEA reduces the emissions of air pollutant gases from aircrafts, which can contribute in significantly solving some of the problems of climate change. However, the MEA puts some challenges on the aircraft electrical system, both in the amount of the required power and the processing and management of this power. MEA electrical distribution systems are mainly in the form of multi-converter power electronic system.

Key words: More electric aircraft, Power converters, Electric actuations, VSCF.

Reference
[1] I. Moir and A. Seabridge, Aircraft systems: mechanical, electrical, and avionics subsystems integration. London: , 2001
[2] M. J. J. Cronin, "The all-electric aircraft," IEE Review, Vol. 36, 1990, pp. 309-311.
[3] R. I. Jones, "The More Electric Aircraft: the past and the future?," in IEE Colloquium on Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, , 1999, pp. 1/1-1/4.
[4] M. J. Provost, "The More Electric Aero-engine: a general overview from an engine manufacturer," in International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002, pp. 246-251.
[5] R. E. J. Quigley, "More Electric Aircraft," Proceedings of 8th the Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC '93., 1993, pp. 906-911.

Comparison of Estimators for Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution Based On Grouped Data

Abstract: In many situations, instead of complete sample, data is available only in grouped form. This paper presents estimation of population parameters for the exponentiated inverted Weibull distribution based on grouped data with equi and unequi-spaced grouping. Several alternative estimation schemes, such as, the method of maximum likelihood, least lines, least squares, minimum chi-square, and modified minimum chi-square are considered. Since the different methods of estimation didn't provide closed form solution, thus numerical procedure is applied. The root mean squared error resulting estimators used as comparison criterion to measure both the accuracy and the precision for each parameter.

Key words: exponentiated inverted Weibull, grouped data, least lines, least squares, maximum likelihood, minimum chi square, modified minimum chi square.

Reference
[1] M. T. Alodat, and M. F. Al-Saleh, Bayesian estimation using grouped data with application to the exponential distribution, Soochow J. of Mathematics, 26(2000),342-357.
[2] A. Shadrokh, and P. Nasiri, Estimation on the minimax distribution using grouped data, Journal of applied Science, 11(18), (2011), 3333-3337.
[3] G. Kulldorff, Contribution to the Theory of Estimation from Grouped and Partially Grouped Samples (John Wiley & sons: New York, (1961)).
[4] N. P. Archer, Maximum likelihood estimation with Weibull models when the data are grouped, Communication in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 11(2), (1982), 199-207.
[5] K. F. Cheng, and C. H. Chen, Estimation of the Weibull parameters with grouped data, Communication in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 17(2), (1988), 325-341.

Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter (PM10) In an Integrated Coal Mining Complex of Jharia Coalfield, Eastern India, A Review.

Abstract: Coal based thermal power generation accounts for 44.7% of the world's electricity and coal alone provides about 80% of the total energy demand in India. Energy-intensive industries deteriorate the air quality of the residential areas due to release of different pollutants, especially a range of deleterious heavy metals like Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr. Near about 53.3 percent of the coal produced every year in India has been used for thermal generation. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is major contributor of coking coal in India. JCF receives particulate matter from various sources such as, opencast coal mining and its associated activities, thermal power stations, automobiles, generator sets fuel burning, construction activities, domestic coal, cooking gas burning, etc. and even the background contribution of natural dust (crustal origin) can not be ruled out, particularly, in the zones having loose topsoil. Concentration of particulate matter causes harmful impacts to the society. These multiple sources are contributing to particulates pollution in the study area. Apportionment of these sources indicating their contribution to ambient air pollution is vital for planning effective control strategies. Management of particulate pollution from various industrial sources in integrated industrial complexes such as JCF is a major area of concern. It can be assessed by determining emissions from various activities and resulting contribution of those multiple sources at various receptors using dispersion and receptor modeling through source apportionment study with respect to particulate matter (PM10) in JCF.

Key words: PM_10, Jharia Coalfield, Source Apportionment, Industry, Receptor Modeling, Emission Inventory.

Reference
[1] Abernathy, C. (2001). "Exposure and Health Effects." United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. Chapter 3. (Oct.12, 2013).
[2] Agrawal, R., Imielinski, T., and Swami, A.N. (1993). Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. In Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, P. Buneman and S. Jajodia, Eds. Washington, D.C., 207-216.
[3] Agrawal, S.B., Singh, A., and Bhat, M.M. (2004). "Impact of fly ash amendment on seed germination, growth and yield of Vigna mungo L." Asian Journal of Microbiol. Biotech. Environ. Sci., 6, 421–426.
[4] Alastuey, A., Sanchez, de la C.A., Querol, X., Rosa, J., Plana, F., Mantilla, E., Viana, M., Ruiz, C.R., and Garcia dos Santos, S. (2006). "Identification and chemical characterization of industrial PM sources in SW Spain." Journal of Air and Waste Management Association. 56, 993-1006.
[5] Alias, M., Hamzah, Z. and Kenn, L.S. (2007). "PM10 and Total suspended particulates (TSP) measurements in various power stations." The Malayasian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11, 255-261.

Two Noveland Simple Correlations to Estimate Equilibrium Water Dew Point for Natural Gas Dehydration Process

Abstract: Water is probably the most undesirable component found in crude natural gas because its presence can produce hydrate formation, and it can also lead to corrosion or erosion problems in pipes and equipment. Natural gas must be dehydrated before being transported through a long distance to ensure an efficient and trouble-free operation. Thermodynamic modelling of triethyleneglycol (TEG)-water system is still rather inaccurate, especially with regard to systems at high temperature and high TEG concentration. As a consequence, design and operation of absorber towers are affected by the lack of accurate data. Two novel correlations have been developed to estimate the equilibrium water dew point of a natural gas stream by evaluating experimental data and literature. These data were collected and analyzed by means of images scanned with MATLAB software R2012B version. An average percentage error is of 1-2% for linear correlation and it is of 2-3% for non-linear correlation. Results are quite accurate and they are consistent with literature data. Due to the simplicity and precision of the correlations developed in this work, the equations obtained have a great practical value. Consequently, they allow process engineers to perform a quick check of the water dew point at different conditions without using complex expressions or graphics.

Key words: Correlation, Dew Point, Natural Gas, TEG-water system, Triethylene glycol, Water Dehydration

Reference
[1] Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Centre for Gas Hydrate Research, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. http://www.pet.hw.ac.uk/research/hydrate/hydrates_why.cfm
[2] F. Gironi, M. Maschietti, V. Piemonte, Modeling triethylene glycol-water systems for natural gas dehydration, Eighth International Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering Transactions, ISBN 88-95608-00-6.
[3] C.H. Twu, V. Tassoneb, W.D. Simb, S. Watansiri, Fluid Phase Equilib., 228–229, 2005, 213–221.
[4] P. Kazemi, R. Hamidi, Petroleum & Coal, 53 (1), 2011, 71–77. ISSN 1337–7027.
[5] K. MohdAtiqueuzzaman, ASM. Maruf, IOSRJAC, 2 (2), 2012, 01-06. ISSN 2278–5736.

An Analysis of 2D Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Based On Fixed Point Approximation

Abstract: As the world advances with technology and research, images are being widely used in many fields such as biometrics, remote sensing, reconstruction etc. This tremendous growth in image processing applications, demands majorly for low power consumption, low cost and small chip area. In this paper we analyzed 2D bi-orthogonal wavelet transform based on Fixed point approximation. Filter coefficients of the bi-orthogonal wavelet filters are quantized before implementation. The efficiency of the results is measured for some standard gray scale images by comparing the original input images and the reconstructed images. SNR and PSNR value shows that this implementation is performed effectively without any loss in image quality.

Key words: Bi-orthogonal wavelet Transform, Fixed Point Approximation

Reference
[1] Shiva Kumar Madishetty, Arjuna Madanayake, Renato J. Cintra, VLSI Architectures for the 4-Tap and 6-Tap 2-D Daubechies Wavelet Filters Using Algebraic Integers," IEEE transactions on circuits and systems, june 2013Feng M.L. and Tan Y.P. (2004) "Contrast adaptive binarization of low quality document images‟ IEICE Electron. Express, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 501–506.
[2] Michael Weeks and Qin Wang, "Orthogonal Wavelet Coefficient Precision and Fixed point representation" Department of Computer Science, Georgia University, 2001.
[3] A. Ruiz, A. R. Arnauv and M. Ardinav, "2D Wavelet Transform using Fixed Point Number Representation", University of spain CICTY, 2001.
[4] K. Wahid, V. Dimitrov, and G. Jullien, "VLSI architectures of Daubechies wavelets for algebraic integers," J. Circuits Syst.Comput., vol.13, no.6, pp. 1251-1270, 2004.
[5] R. Baghaie and V. Dimitrov, "Computing Haar transform using algebraic integers," in Proc. Conf. Signals, Systems Computers Record 34th Asilomar Conf.,vol.1, pp. 438-442 ,2000

Multiple Printer Problem with STM

Abstract: The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a promising new approach to programming shared-memory parallel processors. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program This paper shows the concept of writing code using Software Transactional Memory (STM) and the performance comparison of codes using locks with those using STM. It also shows that STM is easier to use than locks. This is because critical sections need not to be identified in case of STM. If we enclose the entire code with STM, then the performance does not decrease. But in case of lock, if we enclose the whole code within lock, performance drastically decreases.

Key words: Parallel Programming; Multiprocessing; Locks; Transactions; Software Transactional Memory

Reference
[1] Simon Peyton Jones, "Beautiful concurrency".
[2] Elan Dubrofsky, "A Survey Paper on Transactional Memory".
[3] Pascal Felber, Christof Fetzer, Torvald Riegel, "Dynamic Performance Tuning of Word-Based Software Transactional Memory".
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_memory
[5] James Larus and Christos Kozyrakis. "Transactional Memory"

Effect of Aeration on Seafood Processing Wastewater

Abstract: The main environmental problems of fish industries are high water consumption and high organic matter, oil and grease, ammonia, nitrogen and salt contents in the waste water. Aeration helps in the oxidation of these minerals. This paper consequently focuses on how the various constituents of waste water vary with aeration. Diffused fine bubble aeration was done in a circular tank at various flow rates (3 l/minute,6.2 l/minute.6.4l/minute) at a constant time period of 20 hours using air stones and the percentage reduction in ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen , BOD,COD and salts were found out . It was found that as flow rate of aeration increase the percentage removal of above constituents also increased. Optimum removal was possible at a flow rate of 6.4l/min. BOD, COD, Ammoniacal nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, were found to be removed by 91.2%, 82.79%,57.76%, 90.6% respectively . Aeration had no effect on salts and lipids .

Key words: aspirators, CAD, EPDM, Kjeldahl nitrogen, reactors

Reference
[1] Achanta Ramakrishna Rao, Bimlesh Kumar and Ajay Kumar Patel , Relative performance of different shaped surface aeration tanks, 34-40, 2007
[2] Hourard S Peavy, Donald R Roul, George tchobanoglous,' Environmental Engineering'.
[3] S K Garg, 'Environmental engineering', volume 1 & 2, 1999, Khanna Publications, New Delhi.
[4] DA C Turoet, F M Laur,'Water supply Engineering'.
[5] Dr.B.C.Punmia,'Water supply Engineering' volume 2, 1999, Arihant Publications, 4 th edition.

Optimizing Feed and Radial Forces on Conventional Lathe Machine of En31b Alloy Steel through Taguchi's Parameter Design Approach

Abstract: The present paper outlines an experimental study to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) resulting in an optimal values of the feed force and radial force when machining EN31B steel with TiC-coated tungsten carbide inserts. The effects of cutting parameters on the feed and radial force were experimentally investigated. Experimentation was conducted as per Taguchi's orthogonal array. Three cutting parameters with three levels are arranged in L9 orthogonal array. The orthogonal array, measured values of feed and radial force, signal-to-noise ratios, and analysis of variance are employed in order to study the feed force and radial force. The analysis of the results shows that the optimal settings for low values of feed and radial forces are high cutting speed, low feed rate and depth of cut.

Key words: Cutting parameters; turning process; feed force; radial force Taguchi technique; EN31B steel; coated carbide inserts.

Reference
[1] Singh, H., Kumar, P., Optimizing cutting force for turned parts by Taguchi's parameter design approach, Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, Vol. 12, 97-103, (2005).
[2] Petropoulos, G., Ntziantzias, I., Anghel, C., A predictive model of cutting force in turning using Taguchi and Response surface techniques, 1st International Conference on Experiments / Process / System Modelling / Simulation/ Optimization – IC-EpsMsO, Athens, Greece, (2005).
[3] Noorul H.A., Marimuthu P. and Jeyapaul R., 2007.Multi response optimization of machining parameters of drilling Al/Sic metal matrix composite using grey relational analysis in the Taguchi method. Int.J Adv Manuf Technol: 250-255.
[4] Singh, H., Kumar, P., Optimizing feed force for turned parts through the Taguchi technique, Sadhana, Vol. 31 (6), 671-681, (2006).
[5] Aggarwal, A., Singh, H., Kumar, P., Singh, M., Optimizing feed and radial forces in CNC machining of P- 20 tool steel through Taguchi's parameter design approach, Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, Vol. 16, , 23-32, (2009).

Load Frequency Control of A Typical Two Area Interconnected Power System by Using Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to maintain the constant frequency in two area interconnected power system by using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) . When there is a variation in the load demand on a generating unit, there is a momenterial occurrence of unbalance between real power input and output. LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with the other areas within the prescribed limits .To control the load frequency and compensate the power imbalance the conventional controllers are used in olden days. But ,these conventional controllers are slow and donot allow the controller designer to take into account possible changes in operating condition and non-linearities in the generator unit.The advancement technique to control the load frequency, an external Battery Energy Storage (BES) system is incorporated. Frequency oscillations due to large load disturbance can be effectively damped by fast acting energy storage devices such as Battery Energy Storage systems.This paper presents the qualitative and quantitative comparison of conventional controllers and BES system in Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a typical two area interconnected power system. The performance of BESS over conventional controllers and how the disturbances are controlled and maintain the constant frequency with response are highlighted.

Key words: powersystem; load frequencycontrol; conventional controllers; battery energy storage system.

Reference
[I] Haadi Saadat, Power Sy&em Analysis, PSA publishing, 2010.
[2] Sundaram, VS. and Jayabarathi, T, "Load Frequency Control using PID tuned ANN controller in po�r sy&em," Proc. International Conforence on Electriml Energy Systems (iC EES), 2011, pp. 2 69-274, Jan. 2011.
[3] Rengarajan,N., Ra vichandran, C.S. and Palani, S, "Artificial Neural Net\\QIk based design of governor controller," Amdemic Open internet Journal, Vol. 20, 2007 .
[4] Kalyan Chatterjee, "Effect of Battery Energy S:orage Sy&em on Load Frequency Control under Deregulation," international Journal of Emerging El ectric Power System s, Vol. 12 , issue 3,Article 2, June 2011.
[5] MATLAB SIMULINK ® - Simulation and Model Based Design, http://www.math\\Q rks.com.

Improvement of Voltage Quality in Isolated Power Systems by Using Series Compensation

Abstract: The main objective of this proposal project is use of series compensator in improving voltage quality in isolated power system. It is observed that power system contains fluctuating non-linear load and high levels of harmonic distortions. The s.c is designed to maintain the fundamental frequency component of terminal voltage of protective load. In this process the power exchange exists between the s.c and external network. Based on this a new sc control strategy is proposed to adjust fundamental frequency component of load terminal voltage. The loads are also sensitive to short duration disturbance in the form of voltage sag/swells. Validity of the proposed technique is illustrated through mat lab simulation. As it is applied on the sc to achieve improved quality of supply in the power system.

Key words: Harmonic power flow, isolated power system, phase shift, series compensation, voltage restoration

Reference
[1] I. Jonasson and L. Soder, ―Power quality on ships-a questionnaire evaluation Concerning island power system,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, Jul. 2001, vol. 15–19, pp. 216–221.
[2] J. J. Graham, C. L. Halsall, and I. S. McKay, ―Isolated power systems: Problems of waveform distortion due to thyristor converter loading,‖ in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives, Jul. 1990, vol. 17–19, pp. 327–330.
[3] ITI (CBEMA) Curve Application Note, [Online]. Available: http://www.itic.org., Inf. Technol. Ind. Council (ITI).
[4] J. C. Das, ―Passive filter—Potentialities and limitations,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 232–241, Jan. 2004.
[5] H. Akagi, ―New trends in active filter for power conditioning,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1312–1322, Nov. 1996.

Effect of Plastic Granules on the Properties of Soil

Abstract: This work presents a study on the effect of plastic granules on the properties of soil. Utilizing the waste plastic as granules in the soil solves the problem of disposing the waste and it does not show any considerable reduction in the strength of soil. Experiments were done by taking an available weak soil as sample. These tests are conducted on soil with varying percentage of plastic granules and without adding it and comparing those results. Data presented includes dry density, shear strength, CBR value, permeability. The experiment reveals that properties of the soil does not change considerably. The proposed technique can be used as an effective method to dispose the waste plastic.

Key words: Dry density, shear strength, permeability.

Reference
[1] A.K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha and K.S. Gill, A Study On CBR Behavior Of Waste Plastic Strip Reinforced Soil, Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 15 (1), 51-57 (2010).
[2] Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu, Laboratory shear strength studies of Soil admixed with Plastic waste, CiSTUP Indian Institute of Science.
[3] Mohammad M. Khabiri, The Influence of Waste Carpet on the Structural Soil Characteristics in Pavement Granular Layer, The international journal published by the Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment, 2011, 38 – 48.
[4] Pragyan Bhattarai, A. V. A Bharat Kumar, K. Santosh, T. C. Manikanta & K. Tejeswini, Engineering Behavior Of Soil Reinforced With Plastic Strips, International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 83-88
[5] Megnath Neopaney, Ugyen, Kezang Wangchuk, Sherub Tenzin, Stabilization of Soil by Using Plastic Wastes, International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development, ISSN 2249-6149 Issue 2, Vol.2 (March-2012)

Functional Planning and Design of a Fan Shaped Technical Museum

Abstract: The proposed building aims at the development of the built environment. The principal objective of this paper is the functional planning, analysis and design of a fan shaped technical museum. Technical museum is a museum that tells the stories of architecture, engineering and design. The functional planning was done according to the clauses given by Museum Building Design and Exhibition Layout: Patterns of Interactions, ICOM Code of Ethics for Museum, and Key Concepts of Museology. Plan, elevation and section were drawn in AutoCAD 2010. The design involves load calculations and analyzing the whole structure by STAAD.ProV8i. The design methods used in STAAD.ProV8i analysis are limit state design conforming to Indian Standard Code of practice. Also the building was analyzed for all possible load combinations.

Key words: Technical museum, Functional Planning, STAAD Analysis, Design

Reference
[1.] General Lecture Hall Design Guidelines, University of Maryland, Baltimore Country, Revised Draft, August 25, 2000.
[2.] LAWA Public Restroom Design Guidelines and Specifications, updated version July 2008.
[3.] City of Auckland - District Plan Central Area Section - Operative 2004.
[4.] Museum Building Design and Exhibition Layout : Patterns of Interactions.
[5.] ICOM Code of Ethics for Museum

Optimization of Process Parameters for Convective - Microwave Drying of Ashwagandha Roots

Abstract: Application of microwave for drying of ashwagandha roots was investigated. A laboratory convective - microwave dryer was already developed which had the provision of regulating of air temperature, air velocity and microwave power. Ashwagandha roots of uniform size were used in the drying experiment which were carried out at air temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C, air velocities of 1.0 and 1.5 m/s and microwave power levels of 2, 4 and 6 W/g. CConvective- microwave drying was accomplished till the moisture content of the ashwagandha roots reduced from initial moisture content of 5.06 kg water/kg of dry matter to a safer level of 0.06 kg water/kg of dry matter. The effect of power level increment of convective -microwave drying was reduced the drying time thereby increased the drying rate. The quality attributes of fresh and dehydrated ashwagandha roots were evaluated for colour changes (L, a, b values), total alkaloids content and rehydration ratio. The samples of sun dried ashwagandha roots were obtained and the quality attributes of this sample was compared with products dried by convective -microwave drying technique. The quality of ashwagandha roots dehydrated by convective -microwave drying was found to be superior to the sun drying process. Page model was found to be best fit for convective - microwave drying condition. The process parameters were optimized by using statistical analysis ANOVA for responses with significant model and non significant lack of fit. The optimum operating conditions of ashwagandha roots for power level, velocity and air temperature in convective- microwave drying process were 6 W/g, 1.5 m/s and 50°C, respectively and found a good quality of dehydrated ashwagandha roots. Corresponding to values of process variables i.e. 6 W/g, 1.5 m/s and 50°C, the values of rehydration ratio, total alkaloids content, less ΔE were 4.16, 1.94 % and 5.654, respectively.

Key words: Ashwagandha roots; Convective -microwave drying; Rehydration ratio; Total alkaloids content; Colour change

Reference
[1] Baraiya, B. R., Tiwari, G. and Sonakia, V. K. (2004). Alkaloid concentration in different parts of growing crop of Ashwagandha (Withania somtrifera) at different growth intervals. Department of Plant Physiology, JNKVV, Jabalpur- 48.
[2] Govt. of India, (1986). The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Published by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dept. of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy. 1, 15-16.
[3] Khraisheh, M. A. M., McMinn, W. A. M., and Magee, T. R. A. (1999). A multiple regression approach to the combine microwave and air drying process. Journal of Food Engineering, 43, 243-250.
[4] Maskan, M. (2000). Microwave/air and Microwave finish drying of Banana. Journal of Food Engineering. 44 (2000), 71 -75.
[5] Maskan, M. (2001). Kinetics of colour changes of kiwi fruits during hot air and microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering 48(2), 169-175.

Thermodynamic Properties for the Simulation of Crude Oil Primary Refining

Abstract: Commonly, the use of simulators in the industry is performed without having a proper theoretical support. Sometimes this situation is a consequence of both, lack of time and the dairy dynamism required in the refinery industries. Particularly, the application of thermodynamic models is often not properly considered for the specific process under analysis. An undesirable fact can appear, for example, when a wrong properties package is chosen or even more when this selection step is completely ignored. The aim of this article is to prove that the habitual selection of the thermodynamic models is appropriate or not for the primary refining process. For the purpose, two available simulation softwares and thermodynamic models have been analyzed. The research paper focuses on establishing a guide for plant operators with information that has been previously proven, with theoretical support. In particular, for the oil crude atmospheric distillation (Topping), engineers use almost by default the Peng– Robinson thermodynamic package in Aspen Hysys simulator and Chao–Seader in Aspen Plus. Although the use of the thermodynamic property packages involves a whole theoretical support, this is not considered at the time of their election.

Key words: Crude oil, Distillation, Simulation, Thermodynamic Properties, Topping..

Reference
[1] Carlson E.C. Don't Gamble with Physical Properties for Simulations. Chemical Engineering Progress, Octubre 1996.
[2] León Cohen, Diseño y simulación de procesos químicos, (León Cohen Mesonero, 2da Edición Ampliada y modificada. España, 2003).
[3] Galen J. Suppes, Selecting thermodynamic models for process simulation of organic VLE and LLE systems. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia.
[4] Aspen Hysys V 7.3 Tutorial. AspenTech.
[5] AspenPlus V 7.3 Tutorial. AspenTech.
[6] E Cidre, P. Freedman, D. Gómez and L. Kichic, Metodología para la selección de correlaciones termodinámicas para el equilibrio de fases aplicada al simulador Hysys, Facultad de Ingeniería UBA, Argentina.

EEG Based Brain Controlled Robot

Abstract: This brain controlled robot is based on Brain–computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. With these commands a mobile robot can be controlled. The intention of the project work is to develop a robot that can assist the disabled people in their daily life to do some work independent on others.

Reference
[1] Lopes da Silva, F., Functional localization of brain sources using EEG and/or MEG data: volume conductor and source models. Magn Reson Imaging, 2004. 22(10): p. 1533-8.
[2] Delorme, A. and S. Makeig, EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods, 2004. 134(1): p. 9-21.
[3] Benjamini, Y. and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 1995. 57(1): p. 289-300.
[4] McKinnon, K.I.M., Convergence of the Nelder-Mead simplex method to a non-stationary point. SIAM J Optimization, 1999. 9: p. 148-158.
[5] Andrew T Campbell, Tanzeem Choudhury, Shaohan Hu, Hong Lu, Mashfiqui Rabbi, Rajeev D S Raizada, M. K. M. . (2010). NeuroPhone:Brain-MobilePhone Interface using a Wireless EEG Headset. MobiHeld 2, 3–8.

Linear Static Analysis of CFRP Aircraft Wing

Abstract: In the present day scenario, use of carbon fibre composites has been extended to a large number of aircraft components which includes structural and non-structural components. These composite materials can provide a much higher strength to weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio than metals. Wing of the aircraft is one of the crucial components which determine the performance of the aircraft. The systematic and proper analysis of the aircraft wing is of prime importance due to its contribution towards the efficiency of the whole aircraft. In the present study, linear static analysis of the preliminary model of selected CFRP aircraft wing is done to find out the stresses and displacements. Based on the results, a refined model is prepared and analysed. The stresses and displacements of the refined model are found to be within the permissible limits. Also it is found that various components of an aircraft wing can be safely made using CFRP.

Key words: Ansys 12, CFRP, finite element modelling, linear static analysis, von Mises stress.

Reference
[1]. C.Soutis,Fibre Reinforced Composites in aircraft construction,(Progress in Aerospace sciences 41,2005)
[2]. A.Y. Abaid, Study and Determination of the Stress Regions in Aircraft Wings, M.Sc Thesis, Military College of Engineering, Baghdad, 2001.
[3]. Daniel P Raymer, Aircraft Design-A Conceptual Approach, AIAA Education Series, 2003.
[4]. Dr. M. Neubauer, G. Günther, Aircraft Loads, RTO AVT Lecture Series, 2000,pp 1-4,15-17.
[5]. Sanya Maria Gomez, Numerical Analysis of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Aircraft Wing, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp 648-651

An Insight into the Selection of Nano Particle for Removing Contaminants in Waste Water

Abstract: Waste water treatment is a major challenge in automobile industries and manufacturing sectors. In past few decades, research in waste water treatment has gained significant importance. Feasibility of nanoparticles for removing impurities is explored. However the major challenge lies in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. But with the advancements in nanotechnology, non-hazardous nanoparticles of size less than 10nm can be synthesized and morphological characteristics can also be successfully studied. Owing to their extremely smaller size, good absorption characteristics, better chemical reactivity, large surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles are highly suitable for removing metal/non-metal, organic/inorganic contaminants from water. This paper provides an extensive literature survey on the suitability of various nanoparticles for waste water treatment

Key words: Water treatment, nanoparticles, adsorption, contaminants

Reference
[1] Wassana Yantasee, Cynthia L. Warner , Thanapon Sangvanich, R. Shane Addleman , Timothy G . Carter, Robert J. Wiacek, Glen E. Fryxell , Charles Timchalk , Marvin G. Warner, Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Systems with Thiol Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles, Environ . Sci . Technol . , 2007, 41 (14), pp 5114–5119.
[2] R. Khaydarov, R. Khaydarov, O. Gapurova, Application of Carbon Nanoparticles for Water Treatment, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security 2010, pp 253-258
[3] Cynthia L. Warner, R.Shane Addleman, Anthony D. Cinson, Timothy C. Droubay, Mark H. Engelhard, Michael A. Nash, Wassana Yantasee, Marvin G. Warner. High Performance, Super paramagnetic, Nanoparticle-Based Heavy Metal Sorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Natural Waters. 2010, pp 1–10
[4] Talia E. Abbott Chalew, Gaurav S. Ajmani, Haiou Huang, Kellogg J. Schwab, Evaluating Nanoparticle Breakthrough during Drinking Water Treatment. Environmental Health Perspectives volume 121(2013), pp1161-1166
[5] Amirhosein Ramazanpour Esfahani, Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi, Gholamabbas Sayyad, Alireza Kiasat, Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Polyacrylic acid-Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(9):,2013,548-555

Clustering Large Databases Using Gmm

Abstract: Innovation of such clusters of data is essential in illuminating main links in categorical data regulatory networks. There are lot of problems exists in the previous clustering methods especially while grouping the data with mixed data types. This experiment analyzes those existing methods and comes with the new approach for clustering the mixed data items. There are many methods occur for clustering the parallel kind of data, whereas only very few methods exists for clustering mixed data items and it leads to the need of better clustering technique for classification of mixed data. For investigative data, the clustering with the help of Gaussian mixture models is widely used.

Key words: Clustering methods, High dimensional data, K-means clustering, GMM, Adult data set, Categorical data

Reference
[1] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro,Psmthy… - citeulike.org. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. AAAI Press, Menlo Park:CA, 1996.
[2] Hari Prasad, D and M. Punithavilli, 2010a. A review on data clustering algorithms for mixed data. Global J. Comput. Sci. Technol., 10: 43-48.
[3] K. Beyer, J. Goldstein, R. Ramakrishnan, and U. Shaft. When is nearest neighbors meaningful. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. Database Theories, pages 217–235, 1999.
[4] Reddy, M.V.J. and B. Kavitha, 2010. Efficient ensemble algorithm for mixed numeric and categorical data. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, Dec. 28-29, IEEE Xplore Press, Coimbatore, pp: 1-4. DOI: 10.1109/ICCIC.2010.5705738.
[5] Huang, Z. (1998). Extensions to the K-means Algorithm for Clustering Large Datasets with Categorical Values. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2, p. 283-304 (Publitemid 128695480)

Image Classifying Registration for Gaussian & Bayesian Techniques: A Review

Abstract: A Bayesian Technique for Image Classifying Registration to perform simultaneously image registration and pixel classification. Medical image registration is critical for the fusion of complementary information about patient anatomy and physiology, for the longitudinal study of a human organ over time and the monitoring of disease development or treatment effect, for the statistical analysis of a population variation in comparison to a so-called digital atlas, for image-guided therapy, etc. A Bayesian Technique for Image Classifying Registration is well-suited to deal with image pairs that contain two classes of pixels with different inter-image intensity relationships. We will show through different experiments that the model can be applied in many different ways. For instance if the class map is known, then it can be used for template-based segmentation. If the full model is used, then it can be applied to lesion detection by image comparison. Experiments have been conducted on both real and simulated data. It show that in the presence of an extra-class, the classifying registration improves both the registration and the detection, especially when the deformations are small. The proposed model is defined using only two classes but it is straightforward to extend it to an arbitrary number of classes.

Key words: Bayesian; medical product development; survey; Image registration.

Reference
[1] T. Ma, M. Hempel, D. Peng, and H. Sharif, "A survey of energyefficient compression and communication techniques for multimedia in resource constrained systems," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. PP, 2012, pp. 1-10.
[2] S. Ehsan and B. Hamdaoui, "A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 14, 2012, pp. 265-278.
[3] S. Subashini and V. Kavitha, "A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloudcomputing", Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 34(1), 2011, pp 1-11.
[4] B. Ridong, "Topological optimization based on small world network model in wireless sensor network," in 2011 2nd InternationalConference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation (ICCIA), 2011, pp. 254-257.
[5] X. Jiu-qiang, W. Hong-chuan, L. Feng-gao, W. Ping, and H. Zhenpeng, "Study on WSN topology division and lifetime," in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), 2011, pp. 380-384.

Meetei Mayek Unicode Modeling Using Swarm Intelligence and Neural Networks

Abstract: The Different techniques have evolved for better optical character recognition for many scripts, yet very little literature has been found for Meetei Mayek script. The current paper exhibits a new approach to model and simulate handwritten Meetei mayek script by using advanced segmentation tools and recognition algorithms. Preprocessing of the acquired images is needed before segmentation and recognition steps; segmentation is done by using PSOFCM segmentation, while multilayer feed forward neural network with back propagation learning is used for the recognition purpose. It may be noted that PSOFCM segmentation proved useful for MRI image processing in our previous paper, the same technique is used for enhancing the characters. The detailed procedures along with the results are discussed in the sections shown below

Key words: Meetei Mayek script, recognition, Preprocessing, PSOFCM segmentation, Neural network

Reference
[1] Romesh Laishram, Wahengbam Kanan Kumar,Anshuman Gupta, Khairnar Vinayak Prakash,"A novel MRI edge detection using PSOFCM segmentation and canny algorithm",Proc. IEEE sponsored International conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and ComputingTechnologies(ICESC),2014,pp.398-401,2014,
[2] Romesh Laishram, W.Kanan Kumar Singh, N.Ajit Kumar, Robndro K.,S. Jimriff "MRI Brain Edge Detection Using GAFCM Segmentation and Canny Algorithm", International Journal of Advances in Electronics Engineering – IJAEE,volume 2 - Issue 3, ISSN:- 2278-215X, pp. 168-171,December 8,2012
[3] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Pearson Education, Second Edition, ISBN 81-7758-168-6, 2005
[4] Amit Konar, "Computational Intelligence Principles, Techniques Techniques and Applications", Springer edition , ISBN 3-540-20898-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York
[5] Wangkhemcha Chingtamlen , A short history of Kangleipak (Manipur) part-II, Kangleipak Historical & Cultural Research Centre, Sagolband Thangjam Leirak,Imphal,2007

Thinning of Elliptical Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithm

Abstract: Design of thinned elliptical antenna array using Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization is presented in this paper. The antennas are assumed to be isotropic and are uniformly excited. Thinned arrays produces narrow directive beam without causing major degradation of fully populated antenna arrays. Thinning of elliptical antenna arrays using GA are optimized with different values of eccentricity and the variation of side-lobe level (SLL) with eccentricity is reported. Using GA optimization, reduction of SLL can be obtained by varying the value of eccentricity of elliptic arrays arrangement.

Key words: Elliptical antenna arrays, genetic algorithm, side-lobe level, thinning.

Reference
[1] A. S. Zare, " Elliptical antenna array pattern synthesis with fixed side lobe level and suitable main beam beam-widthby Genetic algorithm", Majlesi Journal of Telecommunications Devices Vol. 1, No. 4, pp-113-120, December 2012.
[2] A. A. Lotfi, M. Ghiamy, M.N. Moghaddasi, R. A. Sadeghzadeh, "An Investigation of Hybrid Elliptical Arrays, Iranian Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2,pp-98-106, Summer-Fall 2008.
[3] R. L. Haupt, "Thinned Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol.42, no. 7, pp. 993-999, 1994.
[4] S. J. Blank and M. F. Hutt, "On the Empirical Optimization of Antenna Arrays," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 47, issue 2, pp. 58-67, April 2005.
[5] W.P.M. N Keizer, "Synthesis of Thinned Planar Circular and Square Arrays using Density Tapering", IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Propagation, issue 99, pp-1-8, 2013.

Carry Select Adder Circuit with A Successively Incremented Carry Number Block

Abstract: This paper reports a conditional carry select (CCS) adder circuit with a successively-incremented-carry-number block (SICNB) structure for low-voltage VLSI implementation. Owing to the successively-incremented-carry-number block (SICNB) structure, the new 16-bit SICNB CCS adder provides a 37% faster speed as compared to the conventional conditional Carry select adder based on the SPICE results

Key words: Carry Select Adder, SICNB Carry Select Adder, PTBCS Circuit.

Reference
[1] M. Suzuki, N. Ohkubo, T. Shinbo, T. Yamanaka, A. Shimizu, K. Sakai, and Y. Nakagome, ―A 1.5-ns 32-b CMOS ALU in double pass-transistor logic,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 28, pp. 1145–1150, Nov. 1993.
[2] N. Ohkubo, M. Suzuki, T. Shinbo, T. Yamanaka, A. Shimizu, K. Sakai, and Y. Nakagome, ―A 4.4ns CMOS 54 _ 54-b multiplier using pass-transistor multiplexer,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, pp. 251–256, Mar. 1995.
[3] C. C. Hung, J. H. Lou, and J. B. Kuo, ―A CMOS quasistatic Manchester- like carry-look-ahead circuit,‖ in Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits,
[4] J. B. Kuo and J. H. Lou, Eds. New York: WileyJ. B. Kuo and J. H. Lou, Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits. New York, NY: Wiley, 1999.
[5] Hwang and A. L. Fisher, ―Ultrafast compact 32-bit CMOS adders in multiple-output domino logic,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 24, pp. 358–369, Apr. 1989.

The LFSR Based SLM Technique with Clipping for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a widely accepted technology in wireless communication. High peak-to-average power ratio is the main disadvantage in OFDM systems. Selected Mapping is an efficient technique to reduce PAPR. But it requires transmission of side information for the recovery of data. And this affects the bandwidth efficiency and data rate of OFDM systems. The Linear Feedback Shift Register based Selected Mapping technique finds solution for this limitation. The LFSR based SLM technique does not require the explicit transmission of side information. And the LFSR based SLM with clipping results in further reduction in PAPR.

Key words: OFDM, PAPR, SLM, PTS, HPA, ADC, DAC, CCDF

Reference
[1] Byung Moo Lee, Youngok Kim, and Rui J.P de Figueiredo, Performance Analysis of The Clipping Scheme with SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals in Fading Channels, Wireless Personnel Communication, 2010,331-344.
[2] Seung Hee Han, Jae Hong Lee, An Overview of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for Multicarrier Transmission, IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005, 56-65.
[3] Byung Moo Lee, Youngok Kim, An Adaptive Clipping And Filtering Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals, Circuits Syst. Signal Process., 2012, 1335–1349.
[4] Tao Jiang, Yiyan Wu, An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM signals, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 54, 2008, 257-268.
[5] Jing gao, Jinkuan Wang, Xin Song, and Bin Wang, PAPR Reduction With Low Computational Complexity For OFDM Systems, Physics Procedia, 2012, 1401 – 1407.

Emulsion and it's Applications in Food Processing – A Review

Abstract: An emulsion is a heterogeneous system consisting of atleast one immiscible liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets. Emulsions are classified based on the nature of the emulsifier or the structure of the system. The range of droplets size for each type of emulsion is quite arbitrary. Macro emulsions are the most common form of emulsions used in food industries than nano and micro emulsions. There are several methods are possible and a wide range of equipments are available for emulsion formations. These methods include shaking, stirring and injection, and the use of colloid mills, homogenizers and ultrasonics. The unique nature of emulsions with a narrow size distribution of different sized droplets has number of applications in food industries including bakery products, dairy, candy products, meat products and beverages. Still most applications are waiting for commercial exploitation.

Key words: Applications, Colloid mills, Emulsions, Homogenizers, Ulrasonics.

Reference
[1] Becher, P. . Emulsions: Theory and Practice. ACS Monograph No. 135. Rheinhold, New York, 1957
[2] Friberg, S., Mandell, L and Larsson, M . Mesomorphous phases, a factor of importance for the properties of emulsions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 29:155, 1969.
[3] IUPAC. Manual on Colloid and Surface Science. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Butterworths, London, 1972.
[4] Sharma, M. K. and Shah, D. O. . Introduction to macro- and microemulsions. In: Macro- and Microemulsions: Theory and Practice, Shah, D. O. (Ed.). ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C, 1985
[5] Waginaire, L. Place of lipids as emulsifiers in the future. Ocl-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 44:271. 1997

Design and Development of Voice/Telie Operated Intelligent Mobile Robot

Abstract: The concept of mobility, communication skills and sensing of environmental obstructions for collision avoidance have led to the development of more sophisticated machines with improved effectiveness, higher quality, reduced manpower, greater efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness for several applications. The present submission intends to focus on three major design aspects of an intelligent vehicle such as its operation under control of IR transreceivers for improved maneuverability, tele-operation to enable remote driving in harsh and otherwise adverse situations, IR proximity sensors to provide sufficient situational awareness for collision avoidance and also on the voice commanded operations particularly for use in rehabilitation engineering. A set of codes corresponding to each operation including the opening and closing of the grippers for holding the objects are generated from the keypad and transmitted. These transmitted codes are intercepted by a FM radio receiver mounted on the vehicle, for processing by the supervisory control for required operation to be performed. The idea of proximity sensing is based on the principle of transmitting modulated IR rays from an IR LED and on applying the reflected signal from the surrounding objects to a high precision PLL based tone decoder circuitry for further processing. The voice command operation through a language independent but speaker dependent speech recognition system is performed by generating and transmitting coded signal each corresponds to one particular operation which are picked up by the same FM radio receiver for required operation. A speech synthesizer for better interaction with the users has also been incorporated.

Reference
[1] B. L Jones, Elements of Industrial Robotics, Pitman, 1987,
[2] T.B Martin, "Practical Application of Voice Input To Machines", Proc. IEEE, 64(4), pp. 487-501, 1976.
[3] H.R. Everett, Sensors for Mobile Robots Theory and Application, A K Peters, Ltd., 1995.
[4] Abdul Mobin, S. S Agrawal and K. D Pavate, "Automatic Recognition and Synthesis of Spoken Words using Acoustic Information", Jour.AS1, Vol. XV, No.3, pp. 87-101, 1987.

Qscilloscope: A Pc-Based Real Time Oscilloscope

Abstract: The scenery of this paper is to design a PC- based Real Time Oscilloscope, called "Qscilloscope". Qscilloscope is capable to connect a computer with a small device via universal serial bus (USB) port for voltage signal waveform display and alteration. It detects maximum +20V to minimum -20V with the input frequency range from 0.1Hz - 1 kHz. Furthermore, it interfaces with host PC via the USB port from 9.6k to 115.2k baud rate. Qscilloscope Software Application is constructed by using Visual Basic .Net for user to interface the device with a well designed Graphic User Interface. It consists of several embedded features such as open, save and print waveform. By changing the scaling properties and graphic properties, users are allowed to modify the input signal to a desired output waveform.

Key words: Analog Front End module, ARM Cortex M0 processor, LCD Display with touch panel, power supply.

Reference
[1] Tektronix 2445B 150 MHz 4 Channel. [Online].Techrecovery. Oscilloscopehttp://www.techrecovery.com/ccp245-tektronix-2445b- 150mhz-4-channel-oscilloscope-2445b-1477.htm.
[2] HP/Agilent DSO80404B 4GHz 4CH 40GSa/s Infiniium Oscilloscope. [Online]. MetricTest. http://www.metrictest.com/product_info.jsp?mfgmdl=HP%20DSO804 04B (N)
[3] PC Oscilloscope and Data Acquisition Products. [Online]. Pico Technology. http://www.drdaq.com/low-cost-oscilloscopes.html.
[4] Colin K McCord. (2005, October 1). Low cost PC-based quad channel real-time/ storage oscilloscope. [Online]. http://www.cmccord.co.uk/FYP/index.htm..
[5] Bojan Banko. (2004, August 16). Turn your PC into a free oscilloscope. [Online]. LPTscope.http://www.geocities.com/LPTScope/index.html.

Design And Analysis Of Artificial Neural Network Based Controller For Speed Control Of Induction Motor Using D T C

Abstract: This paper presents an improved version of direct torque control (DTC) based on Artificial Neural Network technique used for flux position estimation and sector selection. This controller mainly reduces the torque and flux ripples. Direct torque control of induction motor drive has quick torque response without complex orientation transformation and inner loop current control. The major problem associated with DTC drive is the high torque ripples. The important point in ANN based DTC is the right selection of voltage vector. This project presents simple structured neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection for induction motor. The Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation technique has been used to train the neural networks. The simple structure network facilitates a short training and processing times. The neural network based controller is found to be a very useful technique to obtain high performance speed control.

Key words: Artificial neural network (ANN) technique, direct torque control (DTC), field orientated control (FOC).

Reference
[1] Bose B.K. "Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004.
[2] P.Krishnan. "Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis, and Control", Pearson Education, First Indian Reprint, 2003.
[3] Theodorewildi "Electrical machines, drives and power systems" , 6th edition 2008
[4] I. Takahashi and T. Noguchi, "A New quick-response and high-efficiency control strategy of induction motor," IEEE Trans. Ind. septmember.,vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 820–827, 1986
[5] Takahashi and Y. Ohmori, "High-performance direct torque control ofinduction motor," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 257–264,1989

Operational Augmentation of Forced Circulation Type Solar Dryer System Using CFD Analysis

Abstract: Solar drying is basically heat and mass transfer process in which the liquid water from the surface and the vapour removed by draft. The efficiency of a solar drying system is affected by the properties of drying materials.e.g. size, shape and geometry as well as ambient conditions. In this research article, the authors have done the CFD analysis of a Forced Circulation type Solar Dryer used conventionally for dehydrating vegetables and fruits. Using CFD analysis, the limiting values of pressure and velocity could be obtained using which the modifications can be implemented in the existing system in order to gain operational augmentation. Later on, the validation of the simulated results was achieved by associating them with the experimental outcomes.

Key words: CFD Analysis, Drying chamber, Forced Circulation, Pressure-drop analysis, Solar Dryer

Reference
[1] J. Banout, P. Ehl, J. Havlik, B. Lojka, Z. Polesny, V. Verner, Design and performance evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for drying of red chilli, Solar Energy, 85(3), March 2011, 506-515.
[2] A. O. Fagunwa, O. A. Koya and M.O. Faborode. Development of an Intermittent Solar Dryer for Cocoa Beans. Agriculture Engg. International: CIGR E Journal, Manuscript number 1292, volume-XI, July 2009, 1-14.
[3] S P Sukhatme and J K Nayak, Solar Energy: Principles of thermal collection and storage, 3rd Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2008).
[4] W. A. Beckman and J. A. Duffie, Solar engineering of thermal process, 4th Edition (Wiley, April 2013) Ch 8, 373-408.
[5] G. V. Patel, Design and Development of Aseptic Housing using CFD Analysis, Charotar Institute of Technology, Changa, 2009.

Project Manager 'Management Competency' vs. 'Technical Competency'. Which is more important to overall project management success?

Abstract: Project managers apply multiple skills and competencies in the course of successfully delivering projects. Management and technical competencies represent two major competency categories associated with project management. In this study, the relationship between management and technical competency was investigated and a weak, yet positive correlation was observed as an outcome of this quantitative study.

Key words: Project Success, Project Managers, Project Management Competencies

Reference
[1] Nellore, R., & Blachandra, R. (2001). "Factors influencing success in integrated product development (IPD) projects." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 48(2), pp. 164-176.
[2] Pressman, R. (1998). "Fear of trying: the plight of rookie project managers." IEEE Engineering Management Review, 26(4), pp. 18-20.
[3] Lampel, J. (2001). The core competencies of effective project execution: the challenge of diversity. International Journal of Project Management, 19(8), 471-483.
[4] Kerzner, H. (2000). Applied project management: best practices on implementation. New York: NY. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[5] Larson, E., & Gray, Clifford. (2011). Project management the managerial approach. (5th ed.) New York: NY. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Haarwavelet and Its Application for Problem Solving In Optimal Control System

Abstract: The aim of this project is to analyze and analytical solution of different optimal control problems are difficult to obtain because they involve differential equations with single or multiple boundary conditions. In this dissertation, numerical methods using Haar Wavelet a represented to overcome this difficulty. The method reduces the differential equations into a set of line a matrix algebraic equation. The nice properties of Haar Wavelet like compact support in time and multi resolution are shown to reduce the computational complexity to a great extent. The presented method is applied to achieve the optimal control for time varying and time invariant performance indices.

Key words: Haar wavelet, Short-time Fourier transform, optimization theory, variation problem.

Reference
[1] E. Polak, Computational Methods in Optimization, Academic Press, New York,1971.
[2] E. Bryson and Y. Ho, Applied Optimal Control, Hemisphere Publishing Corp.(revised printing), 1975.
[3] O. Stryk and R. Bulirsch, "Direct and indirect methods for trajectory optimization,"Annalsof Operations Research 37 pp. 357-373, 1992.
[4] H. J. Pesch, "Real-time computation of feedback controls for constrained optimal control problems. Part I: Neighbouringextremals," Optimal Control Applications and Methods 10 pp. 129-145, 1989.
[5] D. J. Mook and J. Lew, "Multiple shooting algorithms for jump-discontinuous problems in optimal control and estimation," IEEE Trans. Autom. Ctnrl 36(8) pp.979-983, 1991.

Design of DC-3.4GHz Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier with Parasitic Parameters of FET

Abstract: This paper presents two low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit topologies for ultra-wideband wireless communications in 0.13μm PHEMT GaAs technology. They are with source inductive degeneration and source grounded, respectively. The simulation results show that the LNA involving source inductor possesses good performances at 120MHz-3GHz. Its noise figure(NF) and voltage standing wave ratios(VSWRs) are less than 1.173dB and 2, respectively, while the maximum gain of 12.75dB is achieved with 0.63dB flatness. In contrast, the other LNA provides a decreasing gain varying between 10.992dB and 11.964B in a wider frequency range of DC-3.4GHz. NF and VSWRs are better than 1.287dB and 2, respectively.

Key words: Low Noise Amplifier, Resistive Feedback, Source Inductive Degeneration

Reference
[1] M. Battista, J. Gaubert, A. Fanei, Y. Bachelet, M. Egels, P. Pannier, S. Bourdel, H. Barthélémy, and G. Bas, Design and implementation of ultra-wide-band CMOS LC filter LNA for carrier less impulse radio receivers, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 65(3), 379- 388.
[2] S. Andersson, Multiband LNA Design and RF-Sampling Front-Ends for Flexible Wireless Receivers, master diss., Linköping University, Sweden, 2006.
[3] B. M. Liu, C. H. Wang, M. L. Ma, and S. Q. Guo, An ultra-low-voltage and ultra-lowpower 2.4GHz LNA design, Radioengineering, 18(4), 2009, 527.
[4] R. C. Liu, C. R. Lee, H. Wang, and C. K. Wang, A 5.8GHz two-stage high-linearity low voltage low noise amplifier in a 0.35μm CMOS Technology, Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Symposium, Seattle, WA, USA, 2002, 221-224.
[5] A. P. Adsul and S. K. Bodhe, Performance Evaluation of Different LNA's having Noise Cancellation and Phase Linearity Characteristics for IR-UWB Systems, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(6), 2011-2012, 419-428.

A Web Service Based Design to Integrate a Web Portal and an ERP System

Abstract: Today the ability to seamlessly exchange information between internal business processes, customers, and partners is vital for success. The organizations employ a variety of disparate applications that store and exchange data in dissimilar ways and therefore cannot "talk" to one another productively. Web services have evolved as a practical, cost-effective, deployment environment to realize dynamic and interoperable data integration between critical applications over operating system, platform, and language barriers that were previously impossible. This paper describes a service-oriented approach for the integration of a Web Portal and ERP application. We present a system architecture based on Web Service oriented framework in which both the applications are loosely connected through software components.

Key words: ERP,SOA, SOAP, VERP, VIOLA, UDDI, Web Portal,WSDL

Reference
[1] http://www.eaipatterns.com/Chapter1.html
[2] Enterprise Data Integration, Maximizing the Business Value of Your Enterprise Data -http://www.integralsolutions.pl/is/images/artykuly/enterprise_data_integration.pdf
[3] http://www.dadbm.com/2011/11/enterprise-data-integration-issues-due-to-software-complexity/
[4] http://www.roseindia.net/webservices/webservices.shtml
[5] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/w-ovr/

Analysis & Design of Low Power CMOS Comparator at 90nm Technology

Abstract: High speed and low power comparators are the essential building blocks of high speed Analog to digital converters (ADCs). This paper provides a comprehensive review about a variety of comparator designs - in terms of performance, power and delay. Preamplifier dynamic latch circuit that consists of a preamplifier followed by a double regenerative dynamic latch, this preamplifier uses fully differential circuit which decreases the effects of offset voltage error due to device mismatch. Buffered dynamic latch circuit includes a basic dynamic latch comparator followed by an inverter buffer stage. The inverter buffers are added to isolate the comparator output and large node capacitance also used to minimize the offset errors. Comparators are designed and simulated their Transient responses in Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment using GPDK 90nm technology.

Reference
[1] Sougata Ghosh, Samraat Sharma, "Design of A Novel High Speed Dynamic Comparator with Low Power Dissipation for High Speed ADCs", International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering, Vol. 2, Number 1, pp. 411-426.
[2] Raghava Garipelly, "High Speed CMOS Comparator Design with 5mV Resolution" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Vol. 4, Issue4- April 2013.
[3] Smriti Shubhanand, Dr. H.P. Shukla, "Design and Simulation of a High Speed CMOS Comparator", International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol. 6, Number 1 (2013), pp. 75-80.
[4] Heungjun Jeon and Yong-Bin Kim, "A Novel Low-Power, Low-Offset and High- Speed CMOS Dynamic Latched Comparator", IEEE, 2010.
[5] Senthil Sivakumar M, Banupriya M, " High Speed Low Power Flash ADC Design for Ultra Wide Band Applications" , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 3, Issue 5, May- 2012 , pp.290-295.

The Effect of Oatmeal And The Mucilage From The Nopal Cactus In The Production of Lactic Acid In Sourdough

Abstract: The use of sourdough process as a form of leavening is one of the oldest biotechnological processes in food production and has been used for thousands of years to improve flavor, texture and microbiological shelf life of bread. Its main function is to leaven the dough to produce a more gaseous dough piece and much more aerated bread. In Europe, cereal fermentations are mainly applied to the brewing industry, providing sourmashes, and to baking, in which sourdough plays an important role in the preparation of bread dough to improved dough machinability and bread crumb structure, keeping properties and flavor. The mixture modification has influence upon the production of lactic acid, in which the sourdough added with oat fiber to 24 h was of 634.59 mg•100 g-1 of dough (316.80 % in relation to control sample). On the other hand, nopal mucilage to 48 h, the lactate production went from 481.35 mg•100 g-1 of dough (414.20 % in relation to control sample), which depends on the kind of sold off mixture.

Key words: dough, fermentation, lactobacilli, lactic acid, sourdough

Reference
[1] Alireza, S. (2008). The secrets of sourdough: A review of miraculous potentials of sourdough in breads shelf life. Biotechnology, 7, 413-417.
[2] Vuyst, L. y. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Food Science y Technology, 16, 43-46.
[3] Lacaze G., W. M. (2007). Emerging fermentation technologies: Development of novel sourdoughs. Food Microbiology, 24, 155–160.
[4] Zotta, T. R. (2007). Enzymatic activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Cornetto di Matera sourdoughs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 115, 165–172.
[5] Sudha M.L., Vetrimani. R., Leelavathi K. (2007). Influence of fibre from different cereals on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough and on biscuit quality. Food Chemistry, 100, 1365–1370.

Baking Process in Oven and Microwave-oven in Sourdough Enriched with Chickpeas and Dietary Fiber of Prickly pear and Oats

Abstract: The bread is a basic article dating from the Neolithic era, where it was baked in ovens outside. The first bread was prepared around the year 10.000 b. C. or what is 12.000 years in the past, where should be discovered by experiment with water and flour grains. This first bread was prepared on the basis of toasted seeds and water. The dough was formed and then warmed up on rocks. It was a kind of cake that, without a doubt, was welcomed by the first settlers of the land. The sample added whit oat an increase of crust in 21.25 to 49.25 % compared to the base. On the other hand, samples added whit prickle pear increase relative was 32.25 %. The combined treatment (Microwave (MW) –convection oven), the best result is the samples with fiber oats, increased more than the negative control (51 to 63 % of difference); besides the employment of mucilage of prickle pear provides a green color to the final product.

Key words: baking bread, dietary fiber, microwave, oatmeal, prickle pear

Reference
[1] Cho, H., y Peterson, D. G. (2010). Chemistry of bread aroma: A Review. Food Science and Biotechnology, 19, 575-582.
[2] Hernández, G., y Majem, S. (2010). Libro blanco del pan. España: Panamericana.
[3] Banooni, S., Hosseinalipour, S., Mujumdar, A., Taheran, E., y Mashaiekhi, M. (2008). Impingement heat transfer effects on baking of flat bread. Drying Technology, 26, 910-919.
[4] Sablani, S., Marcotte, M., Baik, O., y Castaigne, F. (1998). Modeling of simultaneous heat and water transport in the baking process. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 31, 201-209.
[5] Palav, T., y Seetharaman, K. (2007). Impact of microwave heating on the physico-chemical propieties of a starch-water model system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, 596-604.

A New Proposed Modification on the BDND Filtering Algorithm for the Removal of High Density Impulse Noise

Abstract: The standard median filter is one of the most popular filters for removing impulse noise. The main effectiveness of this median filter is result in degradation of image quality. BDND filtering is an one of the important filtering algorithm which remove high density impulse noise (up to 90%). But some issues related to this algorithm which degrades its performance. To avoid this issues there are two modifications in this algorithm which improve image quality and improve the performance of the BDND algorithm.

Key words: Impulse noise, median filter, noise detection, switching median filters.

Reference
[1] R.A.Hadded and H.Hwang(1995) , ―Adaptive median filter: New algorithms and results,‖ IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 4, no.4, pp. 499–502, Apr. 1995.
[2] Kenny Kal Vin Toh, and Nor Ashidi Mat Isa(2010),‖ Noise Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Median Filter for Salt-and-Pepper Noise Reduction‖, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 17, no. 3,, March 2010.
[3] Krishnan Nallaperumal, Justin Varghese, S.Saudia, Santhosh.P.Mathew, K.Krishnaveni, and S.Annam(2006), StudentMember, ―Adaptive Rank-ordered Switching Median Filter for Salt & Pepper Impulse Noise Reduction‖, 2006 IEEE.
[4] Madhu S. Nair, K. Revathy, and RaoTatavarti(2008),‖ Removal of Salt-and Pepper Noise in Images: A New Decision-Based Algorithm‖ Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2008 VolIIMECS 2008, 19-21 March, 2008.
[5] RemziOten, Member, IEEE, and Rui J. P. de Figueiredo, Life Fellow(2004), IEEE,‖ Adaptive Alpha-Trimmed Mean Filters Under Deviations From Assumed Noise Model‖ IEEE Trans. Image Process, vol. 13, no. 5, May 2004.

Framework to Analyse Automotive Interiors with a Focus on Ergonomic

Abstract: The small car market in India is increasing by leaps and bounds. The market for small cars now occupies a substantial share of around 70% of the annual car production in India of about one million. The main players in the car market like Tata Motors, Maruti Udyog and Hyundai etc. are fiercely competitive and are trying to outdo each other in terms of design and technology. However, ultimately the focus of a manufacturer is providing customer satisfaction which is driven by comfort and ease of use. Automotive ergonomics is the study of how automotive can be designed better for human use. The human factor aspect of designing automobiles is first considered at the Vehicle Packaging stage. The term Vehicle Packaging comes to use whenever a new model is in the early stage of study. It is a method to safeguard and protect space for the human user and necessary components that make up the vehicle being designed. The improvement in the vehicle ergonomics requires a basic understanding of the problems that arise due to the conventional automotive interior design.

Key words: vehicle packaging, automotive ergonomics, car.

Reference
[1] SAE J1100 (Rev Jun 1998). Motor Vehicle Dimensions. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA.
[2] SAE J287 (Reaf. Jun 1988). Driver Hand Control Reach. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA.
[3] SAE J1516 (Reaf. Dec 1998). Accommodation Tool Reference Point. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA.
[4] SAE J1517 (Reaf. Dec 1998). Driver Selected Seat Position. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA.
[5] Dempster, W.T. (1955). Space requirements of the seated operator: Geometrical, kinematic, and mechanical aspects of the body with special reference to the limbs. WADC Technical Report 55-159. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development Center.

Supply Chain Challenges among BRICS Countries

Abstract: Supply chain management encompasses the routing and scheduling of inventory maneuver to desired allocation in an economic mode for satisfying the all end-users by prompt connectivity and communication between the links of supply chain. In this article efforts have been made to explore the series of challenges in BRICS countries in supply chain connectivity to achieve the revolution of coined word, which is "Broad vision and shared prosperity, also security and prosperity" this paper exposes the impacting key constraints on economic and smooth supply chain execution country wise, specifically Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, also discusses the approaches to overcome the loose poles in supply chain system by enhancing internationalization and globalization ,which relates to quantitative and qualitative strengthening in the field of finance and technology.

Key words: Supply chain integration, BRICS, fragmented, logistics, constraints

Reference
[1] Marcin Gryczka (2010): Changing role of BRIC countries in technology driven international Division of labor, Volume 2 issue 2, pp. 89-97
[2] Yunyun Duan, (2010) FDI in BRICs: A Sector Level Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No 1
[3] Marcin Gryczka (2010): Changing role of BRICS countries in technology driven international division of labor, Vol. 2 No 2, pp. 89-97
[4] Hussain A.H Awad, Mohammad Othman Nassar (2010) Supply Chain Integration: Definition and Challenges, Proceeding of International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientist,Vol 1, pp 17-19
[5] Waldemiro (2011): Supply chain management in the Brazilian Industry , Volume 2,issue 1

Enhancement of Power Quality in Transmission Line Using Flexible Ac Transmission System Device U.P.F.C (Unified Power Flow Controller)

Abstract: Present scenario states that power demand has been increased in a rapid and random manner. Hence power generated is unable to meet the power demand so power scarcity exists. There is an approximate loss of (20 - 40 )% of power generated during its transmission. Hence there is a need for enhancing the power quality in transmission lines. In order to improve the power quality our paper make use of FACTS DEVICES. FACTS devices can be added to power transmission and distribution systems at appropriate locations to improve system performance. The real and reactive powers can be easily controlled in a power system with FACTS devices. Flexible AC Transmission System creates a tremendous quality impact on power system stability. This paper describes the basic principle of operation of UPFC, its advantages and to compare its performance with the various FACTS equipment available. The objective of this paper is to keep the power system to remain in voltage stable condition when it experiences a load change and contingency, also deals with the simulation of various FACTS controllers using simulation program with MATLAB/SIMULINK

Reference
[1] N. G. Hi ngorani and L. Gyugyi "Understanding FACTS concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems", IEEE Press, New York, 2000.
[2] Raju Pandey and A. K. Kori August (2012) "Real and Reactive Power flow Control Using Flexible Ac Transmission System connected to a Transmission line: a Power Injection Concept", Volume 1, Issue 6, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) pp. 252 – 256.
[3] Gyungui. L, FIEE. (2008) "Unified Power Flow Control concept for Flexible AC Transmission System‟ IEE proceedings- C, Vol.139, No.4.
[4] C.D. Schaulder et al., "Operation of unified power flow controller (UPFC) under practical constraints‟, IEEE Trans.Power Del., vol.13, no.2. pp.630-639, Apr1998.
[5] Kannan. S, Shesha Jayaram and M.M.A.Salama. (2007) "Real and Reactive Power Coordination for a Unified Power Flow Controller‟ IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2007, vol.19.No.3, pp. 1454 – 1461.

PIV Measurement for Electroosmotic Flow in Sio2pdms Surface Modified Microchannel

Abstract: Electroosmotic is a flow created under the application of electric field on the fluid. Recently, PDMS exhibits great potential in microfluidic device for many applications. The less ability to support electroosmotic flow and flow instability with time are the phenomena associated with the fluid flow in PDMS microchannel. To improve fluid flow in PDMS, microchannel surface modified with SiO_2, different thicknesses, by PECVD was employed. Surface characterizations were carried out using atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Whereby; UV-visible spectrometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to identify optical properties and structural phase of the modified PDMS respectively. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to track particles in PDMS microchannel, native and modified. We demonstrated that PDMS surface modified with SiO₂ slowing down fluid flow comparing to native PDMS allowing reaction and/or measurements taken place in microchannel. Fluid stability in PDMS, native and surface modified, were monitored via electrical resistance – time measurements with the aid of Cd²⁺ aqueous solution mixed with AuNP colloidal. SiO₂ PDMS surface modified microchannel achieved stable time- fluid flow.

Key words: PDMS surface modification, microfluidic, and Electrophoresis flow.

Reference
[1] Jueyu Li and Min Wang, Chemical modification on top of nanotopography to enhance surface properties of PDMS, Surface & Coatings Technology, 2012; 206; 2161–2167.
[2] ShankarDevasenathipathy and Juan G. Santiago, Particle Tracking Techniques for Electrokinetic Microchannel Flows, Anal. Chem., 2002; 74; 3704-3713.
[3] Xueqin Rena, Mark Bachmanb, Christopher Simsc and G.P. Li, Electroosmotic properties of microfluidic channels composed of (polydimethylsiloxane), Journal of Chromatography B, 762;2001;117–125.
[4] Christine Seguin, Jessica M., McLachlan and Peter R. Norton, Surface modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) for microfluidic assay applications, Applied Surface Science, 256;2010; 2524–2531.
[5] Jinwen Zhou, Recent developments in PDMS surface modification for microfluidic devices, Electrophoresis,31;2010;2–16.

Design Analysis And Application Of Nylon66 In Rotary Spars

Abstract: Technology has led to the increased use of plastics as replacement to conventional materials in various sectors. The use of alloy steels in various rotary spares such as gears, cams, bearings, valve seats and other bearing and wear applications that requires quite operation, low coefficient of friction and wear resistance shall be replaced with nylon 66 as per requirements. In the present work I am applying nylon66 in gears and sprocket wheels used in automotive it is proposed to substitute the metallic rotating spares like gears and sprockets with nylon 66 to reduce the weight and noise. For this purpose different types of polymers were considered namely Polyethylene, PVC, Polystyrene, Polypropylene and Nylon66 and their viability are checked with their counterpart metallic gear (Cast iron). Based on the static analysis, the best plastic material is recommended for the purpose.3D model of gears and sprocket wheel chain assembly has been modeled by using Pro-E WF4. The models are then pre-processed using hyper mesh 10 .The pre-processed hyper mesh file is subjected to Static analysis using ANSYS 10.0. Compared to metallic rotating spares the Nylon 66 spares are more suitable for operations under 260oc temperature and limited load conditions. The designed gear shall be manufactured using injection molding. The die used for injection molding is machined with CNC and the CNC coding shall be generated for the given model. Application of nylon66 make a remarkable changes in cost factors, Weight factors, life factors, wear factors etc., hence the overall efficiency is improved. Keywords: Cast iron spur gears, helical gears, sprocket wheel assembly, Pre Processing, Static analysis, Nylon66.

Reference
[1] Elastic- Plastic Finite Element Analysis Of Spall Formation In Gear,Yan Ding, Rhys Jones And Bruce T. Kuhnell,8 August 1995
[2] Surface Roughness and Plastic Flow in Rail Wheel Contact, A.Kapoor' F.J. Franklin, S.K. Wong And M. Ishida, July 2002
[3] 3d Finite Element Investigation On The Plastic Flows Of Rolling Contacts- Correlation With Railhead Micro Structural Observations M.Busquet L. Baillet, C. Bordreuil And Y.Berthier
[4] Fiber Reinforcement In Injection Molding Nylon 66 Spur Gears, S.Senthilvelan. R. Gnanamoorthy 20 Apirl 2006
[5] Wheel-Rail Wear Simulation, Tanel Telliskivi and Ulf olofsso, 20 October 2003

Distributed Cooperative Caching In Social Wireless Network

Abstract: This paper introduces cooperative caching techniques for reducing electronic content provisioning cost in Social Wireless Networks (SWNET).SWNETs are formed by mobile devices, such as modern cell phones etc. sharing common takings in electronic content, and actually meeting together in public places. Electronic object caching in such SWNETs are shown to be able to reduce the content provisioning cost which depends heavily on the service and pricing dependences among various stakeholders including content providers (CP), network service providers, and End Consumers (EC).This paper develops practical network, service, and pricing models which are then used for creating two object caching strategies for reducing content provisioning costs in networks with homogenous and heterogeneous object demands. The paper develops analytical and simulation designs for analysing the proposed caching strategies in the presence of selfish users that deviate from network-wide cost-optimal policies. It also reports results from an Android phone based prototype SWNET, validating the presented analytical and simulation results.

Key words: cooperative cache; cost-optimal policies; distributed search engines; selfish users

Reference
[1] M. Zhao, L. Mason, and W. Wang, "Empirical Study on Human Mobility for Mobile Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf. (MILCOM), 2008.
[2] "Cambridge Trace File, Human Interaction Study," http://www.crawdad.org/download/cambridge/haggle/Exp6.tar.gz,2012.
[3] E. Cohen, B. Krishnamurthy, and J. Rexford, "Evaluating Server-Assisted Cache Replacement in the Web," Proc. Sixth Ann.European Symp. Algorithms, pp. 307-319, 1998.
[4] S. Banerjee and S. Karforma, "A Prototype Design for DRM Based Credit Card Transaction in E-Commerce," Ubiquity, vol. 2008,2008.
[5] L. Breslau, P. Cao, L. Fan, and S. Shenker, "Web Caching and Zipf-Like Distributions: Evidence and Implications," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 1999.

Power System Stability Enhancement Using Fact Devices

Abstract: The development of the modern power system has led to an increasing complexity in the study of power systems, and also presents new challenges to power system stability, and in particular, to the aspects of transient stability and small-signal stability. So Power system engineers are currently facing challenges to increase the power transfer capabilities of existing transmission system. This is where the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology comes into effect with relatively low investment, compared to new transmission or generation facilities. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices use power electronics components to maintain controllability and capability of electrical power system. The paper aims towards the performance of UPFC is compared with other FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and Static Var Compensator (SVC) respectively. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the UPFC on transient stability of the system.

Key words: FACTS, SSSC, SVC, TCSC, Transient stability, STATCOM, UPFC.

Reference
[1] S.V. Ravi Kumar, S. Siva Nagaraju, 2007, "Transient Stability Improvement using UPFC and SVC," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(3), pp. 38-45.
[2] Power Flow Control in a Transmission Line through UPFC Parvej khan1, Himmat singh 2 1,2Department of electrical engineering, MITS Gwalior
[3] 3.MATLAB Based Simulation of TCSC FACTS Controller Preeti Singh, Mrs.Lini Mathew, Prof. S. Chatterji N.I.T.T.T.R., Chandigarh
[4] Chatterji.S, Rao.C.S and Nagsarkar T.K., Applications of FACTS controllers for improving Power System Stability, XII National Convention of Electrical Engineers – Power System Management to overcome power shortage, Institution of Engineers (INDIA) Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh State Center Chandigarh, 23-24 Nov.
[5] Chatterji.S, Rao.C.S and Nagsarkar T.K., Admittance chacteristics of Thyristor controlled dynamic brake, 9th National Power Systems Conference, IIT Kanpur, 19-21 Dec. 1996.

Automatic Test Pattern Generation for Digital Circuits

Abstract: Digital circuits complexity and density are increasing and at the same time it should have more quality and reliability. It leads with high test costs and makes the validation more complex. The main aim is to develop a complete behavioral fault simulation and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) system for digital circuits modeled in verilog and VHDL. An integrated Automatic Test Generation (ATG) and Automatic Test Executing/Equipment (ATE) system for complex boards is developed here. An approach to use memristors (resistors with memory) in programmable analog circuits. The Main idea consists in a circuit design in which low voltages are applied to memristors during their operation as analog circuit elements and high voltages are used to program the memristor's states. This way, as it was demonstrated in recent experiments, the state of memristors does not essentially change during analog mode operation. As an example of our approach, we have built several programmable analog circuits demonstrating memristor -based programming of threshold, gain and frequency. In these circuits the role of memristor is played by a memristor emulator developed by us. A multiplexer is developed to generate a class of minimum transition sequences. The entire hardware is realized as digital logical circuits and the test results are simulated in Model sim software. The results of this research show that behavioral fault simulation will remain as a highly attractive alternative for the future generation of VLSI and system-on-chips (SoC).

Key words: Automatic test equipment, Comparable circuit for parallel testing, Memristor, Schmitt trigger

Reference
[1] Huxun Chen, DeQing Chen, Jinlin Ye, Weizhou Cao, Lei Gao ―An Integrated Automatic Test Generation and Executing System‖ IEEE Conference Sept 2011.
[2] Luca Mostardini, Luca Bacciarelli, Luca Fanucci, Lorenzo Bertini, Marco Tonarelli ―FPGA-based Low-cost Automatic Test Equipment for Digital Integrated Circuits‖ IEEE International Workshop Sept 2009.
[3] Mohmed Elbably‖ An Automatic testing of PLDs‖Nineteenth National Radio Science Conference ,March 19-23,2002
[4] C. Giaconia, A. Di Stefano, G. Capponi, ―Reconfigurable digital instrumentation based on FPGA System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications,‖ 2003. Proceedings. The 3rd IEEE International Workshop, 30 June-2 July 2003, pp. 120 – 122.
[5] Ranin Roosta, VLSI Test Automation: Fault Modeling, Ph.D Dissertation, EE623, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, California State University, Northridge.

Optimization and Performance Analysis of Bulk-Driven Differential Amplifier

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high-speed digital circuits at low power consumption. This paper presents a design of input stage of Operational Amplifier i.e cascode differential amplifier using a standard 65nm CMOS Technology.A comparison betweem gate-driven, bulk-driven and cascode bulk driven bulk-driven differential amplifier is described. The Results demonstrate that CMMR is 83.98 dB, 3-dB Bandwidth is 1.04 MHz. The circuit dissipate power of 28uWunder single supply of 1.0V.

Key words: Common mode Rejection Ratio(CMMR), Low Voltage (LV), Low Power (LP)

Reference
[1] Liang Zou, Member and Syed K.Islam, " Low-Voltage Bulk-Driven Operational Amplifier with Improved Transconductance" IEEE Transation on circuits and sustem-1 2013. br />[2] Fabian Khateb, Dalibor Biolek, Nabhan Khatib, "Utilizing the Bulk-Driven Technique Analog Design" IEEE 2010.br /> [3] Rui He and Lihong Zhang , "Evalution of Modern MOSFET Models for Bulk-Driven IEEE 2010.br /> [4] Kent D. Layton, Donald T.Comer and David J. Comer," Bulk-Driven Gain Enhanced Fully-Differential Amplifier for VT + 2Vdsat Operation" IEEE 2008.br /> [5] F. Sandoval- Lbarra,"Designing a CMOS Differentional Pair" International conference of Electronics Communication and computers ,IEEE 2008.

Image Compression Algorithms Using Dct

Abstract: Image compression is the application of Data compression on digital images. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a technique for converting a signal into elementary frequency components. It is widely used in image compression. Here we develop some simple functions to compute the DCT and to compress images. An image compression algorithm was comprehended using Matlab code, and modified to perform better when implemented in hardware description language. The IMAP block and IMAQ block of MATLAB was used to analyse and study the results of Image Compression using DCT and varying co-efficients for compression were developed to show the resulting image and error image from the original images. Image Compression is studied using 2-D discrete Cosine Transform. The original image is transformed in 8-by-8 blocks and then inverse transformed in 8-by-8 blocks to create the reconstructed image. The inverse DCT would be performed using the subset of DCT coefficients. The error image (the difference between the original and reconstructed image) would be displayed. Error value for every image would be calculated over various values of DCT co-efficients as selected by the user and would be displayed in the end to detect the accuracy and compression in the resulting image and resulting performance parameter would be indicated in terms of MSE , i.e. Mean Square Error.

Key words: Discrete Cosine Transform, Pixels, Inverse -DCT, Encoding, Decoding, Quantization, Entropy, MSE.

Reference
[1] Implementation of Image Compression Algorithm using Verilog with Area, Power and Timing Constraints (2007-2009) by Arun Kumar PS ,Dept. of ECE, NIT Rourkela.
[2] Implementation of Data Compression and FFT on Tiny OS: Ning Xu, Embedded Networks Laboratory, Computer Science Dept. USC. Los Angeles
[3] Hardware Implementation of a Lossless Image Compression Algorithm Using a Field Programmable Gate Array M. Klimesh,1 V. Stanton,1 and D. Watola1 (2001)
[4] Image Compression Using New Entropy Coder, M. I. Khali International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1 February, 2010 1793-8201
[5] Image Compression Using the Discrete Cosine Transform by Andrew B. Watson, NASA Ames Research Center (1994)

An Effective Image Denoising Using Adaptive Thresholding In Wavelet Domain

Abstract: This paper deals with denoising of images using threshold estimation in wavelet domain. Image denoising in wavelet domain is estimated by using Guassian distribution modeling of subband coefficients or any shrink techniques such as bayes shrink, Normal shrink. Normal shrink is computationally more efficient and adaptive. A near optimal threshold estimation is done using subband technique. Image denoising algorithm uses soft thresholding to provide smoothness and better edge preservation at the same time.In this paper, we analyzed severalmethods of noise removal from degraded images with Gaussian noise by using adaptive wavelet threshold (Bayes Shrink and Normal Shrink) and compare the results in terms of MSE.

Key words: Wavelet thresholding, Image denoising, Discrete wavelet threshold, subband.

Reference
[1] J. N. Ellinas, T. Mandadelis, A. Tzortzis, L. Aslanoglou, "Image de-noising using wavelets", T.E.I. of Piraeus Applied Research Review, vol. IX, no. 1, pp. 97-109, 2004.
[2] LakhwinderKaur and Savita Gupta and R.C.Chauhan, "Image denoising using wavelet thresholding", ICVGIP, Proceeding of the Third Indian Conference On Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing, Ahmdabad, India Dec. 16-18, 2002.
[3] S.Kother Mohideen, Dr. S. Arumuga Perumal, Dr. M.Mohamed Sathik. "Image De-noising using Discrete Wavelet transform", IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol .8, no.1, January 2008.
[4] S. Grace Chang, Bin Yu and M. Vattereli, "Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding for Image Denoising and Compression", IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 9, pp. 1532-1546, Sept. 2000.
[5] G. Y. Chen and T. D. Bui, "Multi-wavelet De-noising using Neighboring Coefficients," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol.10, no.7, pp.211-214, 2003.

Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel Concrete Composite Structures

Abstract: Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance world wide as an alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. The use of steel in construction industry is very low in India compared to many developing countries. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of steel in construction, especially in the current development needs India and not using steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. In this paper study of Four various multistoried commercial buildings i.e. G+12, G+16, G+20, G+24 are analysed by using STAAD-Pro software. Where design and cost estimation is carried out using MS-Excel programming and from obtained result comparison can be made between R.C.C and composite structure.

Key words: Composite beam, Composite column, Composite slab, R.C.C structure, Shear connector

Reference
[1] Johnson R. P., Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete, Volume 1, Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK, 2004.
[2] Fisher J. w. Design of composite beams with formed metal deck. Eng. J,, amer, lnst ,Steel Constr,7.88-96,July 1970.
[3] Euro code 4, ―Design of composite steel and concrete structure, European committee for standardization committee European de normalization europaisches committee fur normung.
[4] IS: 456(2000), ― Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plan and Reinforcement concrete (Fourth Revisions), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi.
[5] IS: 13920-1993 ―ductile detailing of reinforced of concrete structure subjected to seismic forces code of practice.

To Study the Behaviour of Marble Powder as Supplementry Cementitious Material in Concrete

Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength and stability. Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problem. Hence the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Waste can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixtures so that natural resources are used more efficiently and the environment is protected from waste deposits. Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. In that paper marble powder is replace by sand the research is carried out by using M25 grade concrete with replacement of 0%, 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45%,50% marble powder by sand and is carried out to determine the optimum percentage of replacement at which maximum compressive strength and also split tensile strength is achieved There are several reuse and recycling solutions for this industrial by-product, both at an experimental phase and in practical applications. These industrial wastes are dumped in the nearby land and the natural fertility of the soil is spoiled. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the waste are analyzed.

Key words: Cement, Compressive Strength, Marble Powder, Sand, split tensile strength

Reference
[1] M.S. Shetty "CONTRETE TECHNOLOGY", 3rd Edition, S. Chand & Company Limited, Delhi, 1992.
[2] "ENGINEERING MATERIALS "by RANGWALA.
[3] "Investigations on partial replacement of cement with marble powder" by Rahul, Jagadeesh in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, Volume 1, No 3, 2010.
[4] M.S. Hameed, A.S.S. Sekar, Properties of green concrete containing quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as fine aggregate. India, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 (4) (2009) 83–89.
[5] K. Shi-Cong, P. Chi-Sun, Properties of concrete prepared with crushed fine stone, furnace bottom ash and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregates. China, Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 2877–2886

Implementation of Optimized Reversible Sequential and Combinational Circuits for VLSI Applications

Abstract: Reversible logic has emerged as one of the most important approaches for the power optimization with its application in low power VLSI design. They are also the fundamental requirement for the emerging field of the Quantum computing having with applications in the domains like Nano-technology, Digital signal processing, Cryptography, Communications. Implementing the reversible logic has the advantages of reducing gate counts, garbage outputs as well as constant inputs. In this project we present sequential and combinational circuit with reversible logic gates which are simulated in Xilinx ISE and by writing the code in VHDL . we have proposed a new design technique of BCD Adder using newly constructed reversible gates are based on CMOS with pass transistor gates . Here the total reversible Adder is designed using EDA tools. We will analyze the VLSI limitations like power consumption and area of designed circuits.

Key words: sequential circuits, combinational circuits Reversible logic gates, Xilinx and EDA

Reference
[1] BANERJEE, A. AND PATHAK, A. 2007. On the synthesis of sequential reversible circuit.
[2] FRANK, M. 2005b. Introduction to reversible computing: motivation, progress, and challenges.
[3] ."Design of low power arithmetic unit based on reversible logic" in International Journal of VLSI and signal processing applications,
[4] "A novel design of reversible serial and parallel adder/subtractor" in International journal of engineering science and technology.
[5] Low power reversible parallel binary adder/subtractor by Rangaraju H.G, Venugopal U, Muralidhara K.N, Raja K.B.

Design and Analysis of Comparator Using Different Logic Style of Full Adder

Abstract: In digital system the comparator is a very useful and basic arithmetic component. A compact, good cost benefit, high-performance ratio and LOW POWER comparator plays an important role in almost all hardware sorters. The basic function of a high-gain comparator is to determine whether an input voltage is higher or lower than a reference voltage—and to present that decision as one of two voltage levels, established by the output's limiting values. Comparators have a variety of uses, including: polarity identification, 1-bit analog-to-digital conversion, switch driving, square/triangular-wave generation, and pulse-edge generation. HERE a new design of comparator is described with the help of Full adder which are the basic building block of ALU and ALU is a basic functioning unit of the microprocessors and DSP. The objective of this paper is to provide small area, low power comparator for very large scale integration designers. in this paper a small power dissipation and less area over conventional 2 bit comparator is proposed and using this comparator a new style 16-bit comparator is proposed. Comparison between different designs is calculated by simulation that is performed at 0.12um technology in EDA Tool.

Key words: comparator, Low power VLSI, 90nm Technology and Micro-wind.

Reference
[1] H. Traff, ―Naval approach to high speed CMOS current Comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 310- 312, Jan.1992.
[2] A.T K. Tang and C. Toumazou, ―High performance CMOS current comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 30, pp. 5-6, 1994.
[3] L. Ravezzi, D. Stoppa and G. F. Dalla Betta, ―Simple High speed CMOS current comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol.33, pp.1829-1830, 1997.
[4] C. B. Kushwah, D. Soni and R. S. Gamad, ―New design of CMOS Current comparator,‖ Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICETET, pp.125-129, June, 2009
[5]. Current Comparator Design,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 44, no.3,pp.171-172, Jan. 2008.

QPSK Modulator and Demodulator Using FPGA for SDR

Abstract: A software-defined radio (SDR) allows for digital communication systems to simply accept more complicated coding and modulation technologies, which is enormously vital in meeting the ever-increasing demands of the wireless communication industry. An SDR has been constructed, using the Simulink tool, and implemented on the SPARTEN-3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development kit. The modulation scheme used in the system is Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). In the first step to realize the whole modulation and demodulation schemes using MATLAB Simulink. The format of a VHDL program is built around the concept of BLOCKS which are the basic building units of a VHDL design. The results showed that the proposed method can greatly improve the developing efficiency, shorten developing period and reduce costs.

Key words: Demodulator, FPGA, Modulator, QPSK, SDR VHDL

Reference
[1] Wenmiao Song, Qiongqiong Yao, Design and implement of QPSK modem based on FPGA
[2] A.M.Bhavikatti, Subhash Kulkarni, Uday Kalyani, FPGA implementation of π/4 QPSK Modulator and Demodulator
[3] Swapan K Samaddar, AtriSanyal, Somali Sanyal, FPGA based generalized architecture for Modulation and Demodulation
[4] Gihad Elamary, Graeme Chester, Jeffrey Neasham, A simple Digital VHDL QPSK Modulator Design using CPLD / FPGAs for Biomedical Devices Applications
[5] Mehmet SÖNMEZ and Ayhan AKBAL, FPGA based design using VHDL transmission performance analysis of BPSK and QPSK Modulators

Damping Of Low Frequency Oscillations In Power System Using Device Upfc With Fuzzy Logic

Abstract: Power stability is an important issue that is becoming increasingly important to an power systems at all levels. We are unable to achieve the stability of the system due to some factors. Low frequency oscillation's is one of the major factors that affect the transmission line capacity. Traditionally power system stabilizers(PSS) are being used to damp these inevitable oscillations. In advanced technology FACTS devices such as unified power flow controllers (UPFC) are used to control the power flow in transmission lines. They can also replace the PSS to damp the low frequency oscillations effectively through direct control of voltage and power. In our model, single machine infinite bus power system with UPFC is considered. The designed FUZZY based UPFC controllers adjusts four UPFC inputs by appropriately processing of input error signal and provides an efficient damping. The results of the simulation show that the UPFC with FUZZY LOGIC controller is effectively damping the LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS.

Key words: Low frequency Oscillations (LFO), Unified Power flowController(UPFC), Fuzzy logic,Damping controller,Flexiable AC transmission System (FACTS)

Reference
[1] N.G.: 'High power electronics and flexible AC transmission system', IEEE Power Eng. Reo., July 1988.
[2] Kundur, P.Klein, M., Roger, G.J. and Zywno, M.S.: Application of power system stabilizers for enhancement of overall system stability', IEEE Trans. on Power System, 4, (2), 1989, pp. 614-626.
[3] Ewart, D.N. et al.: 'Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) scoping study'. EPRI Report EL-6943, 1990:
[4] L. Gyugyi 'Unified Power Flow Control Concept for Flexible ac Transmission Systems.' IEE Proceedings-C, Vol. 139, No. 4, July 1992, p. 323.
[5] L. Gyugyi and C.D. Schauder, et al. 'The Unified Power Flow Controller : A New Approach to Power Transmission Control.' IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 1995, p. 1085.

Simulink Implementation of Indirect Vector Control of Induction Machine Model

Abstract: In this paper, a modular Simulink implementation of an induction machine model is described in a step-by-step approach. With the modular system, each block solves one of the model equations; therefore, unlike in black box models, all of the machine parameters are accessible for control and verification purposes.After the implementation, examples are given with the model used in different drive applications, such as open-loop constant V/Hz control and indirect vector control. To implement the induction machine model, the dynamic equivalent circuit of induction motor is taken and the model equations in flux linkage form are derived.Then the model is implemented in Simulink by transforming three phase voltages to d-q frame and the d-q currents back to three phase, also it includes unit vector calculation and induction machine d-q model.The inputs here are three phase voltages, load torque, speed of stator and the outputs are flux linkages and currents, electrical torque and speed of rotor.

Reference
[1] M. L. de Aguiar, M. M. Cad, ―The concept of complex transfer functions applied to the modeling of induction motors,‖ Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000, pp. 387–391.
[2] A. Dumitrescu, D. Fodor, T. Jokinen, M. Rosu, S. Bucurencio, ―Modeling and simulation of electric drive systems using Matlab/Simulink environments,‖ International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives (IEMD), 1999, pp. 451–453.
[3] S. Wade, M. W. Dunnigan, B. W. Williams, ―Modeling and simulation of induction machine vector control with rotor resistance identification,‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, May 1997, pp. 495–506.
[4] H. Le-Huy, ―Modeling and simulation of electrical drives using Matlab/Simulink and Power System Blockset,‖ The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON'01), Denver/Colorado, pp. 1603–1611.
[5] L. Tang, M. F. Rahman, ―A new direct torque control strategy for flux and torque ripple reduction for induction motors drive — a Matlab/Simulink model,‖ IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, pp. 884–890.

Towards Better Retrievals in Content -Based Image Retrieval System

Abstract: This paper presents a Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System called DEICBIR-2. The system retrieves images similar to a given query image by searching in the provided image database.Standard MPEG-7 image descriptors are used to find the relevant images which are similar to thegiven query image. Direct use of the MPEG-7 descriptors for creating the image database and retrieval on the basis of nearest neighbor does not yield accurate retrievals. To further improve the retrieval results, B-splines are used for ensuring smooth and continuous edges of the images in the edge-based descriptors. Relevance feedback is also implemented with user intervention. These additional features improve the retrieval performance of DEICBIR-2 significantly. Computational performance on a set of query images is presented and the performance of the proposed system is much superior to the performance of DEICBIR[9] on the same database and on the same set of query images.

Index Terms: Content-based image retrieval, splines, All MPEG-7 Descriptors, Edge Histogram Descriptor, Color Layout Descriptor and Color Edge and Directivity Descriptor (CEDD), NMRR (Normalized Modified Retrieval Rate).

Reference
[1] Kim-Hui Yapand Kui Wu, ―A Soft Relevance Framework in Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems,‖ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 15, no. 12, december 2005.
[2] M. Flickher, H. Sawhney,W. Niblack, J. Ashley, Q. Huang, B. Dom, M. Gorkani, J. afner,D. Lee, D. Petkovic, D. Steele, and P.Yanker, ―Query by image and video content: the QBIC system,‖ IEEE Computer, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 23–32, Sep. 1995.
[3] Y. Rui, T. S. Huang, and S. Mehrotra, ―Content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback in MARS,‖ in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, Washington, DC, 1997, pp. 815–818.
[4] G. Amarnath and J. Ramesh, ―Visual information retrieval,‖ Commun. ACM, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 70–79, May 1997.
[5] A. Pentland, R. Picard, and S. Sclaroff, ―Photobook: content-based manipulation of image databases,‖ Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–254, June 1996.

Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine

Abstract: In this study, the effect of Gasoline, Ethanol, Gasohol E10, and Kerosene on the performance and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition (SI) engine were investigated. In the experiment, the internal combustion (IC) engine includes one cylinder, two valves, and four stroke spark ignition. Performance tests were carried out for specific fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, power developed, corrosion rate, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The measurements were conducted under various engine speeds ranging from 1500 to 4500 rpm. The experimental results showed that the performance of engine was improved with the use of gasoline and gasohol E10 in comparison with the Ethanol and Kerosene. The concentrations of CO2 and CO were presented and compared for all type of fuel examined.

Key words: Engine performance, Flue gas emissions, Ethanol, Gasoline, Gasohol E10.

Reference
[1] Willared W "Engineering fundamentals of internal combustion engine" University of Wisconsin, second Edition, 2004.
[2] Fernando Salazar" INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES" Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering,1998.
[3] M.V. Mallikarjun1 and Venkata Ramesh Mamilla2" Experimental Study of Exhaust Emissions &Performance Analysis of Multi Cylinder S.I.EngineWhen Methanol Used as an Additive" International Journal of Electronic Engineering ResearchVolume 1 Number 3 (2009)
[4] Ioannis Gravalos1, Dimitrios Moshou2, Theodoros Gialamas1, Panagiotis yradakis2, Dimitrios Kateris2 and Zisis Tsiropoulos1" Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Methanol Gasoline Blended Fuels", InTech, 2011.
[5] Al-Hasan, M. (2002). Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion & Management, Vol.44, No9, pp. 1547–1561.

Implementation of an Efficient Ripple Carry Adder by Low Power Techniques for Ultra Applications

Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to provide new low power solutions for very large scale integration. Designers especially focus on the reduction of the power dissipation which shows increasing growth with the scaling down of the technologies. In this paper various technologies at the different levels of the design process have been implemented to reduce the power dissipation at the circuit, architecture and system levels. Previous technologies are summarized and compared with our new approach is presented in this paper. The main objective of this project is the reduction of power dissipation by eliminating the PMOS tree and also by utilizing energy stored at the output can be retrieved by the reversing the current source direction discharging process instead of dissipation in NMOS network with SDCVSL, ADIABATIC LOGIC. It also increases the performance of circuits. Here for this project, I am using MICRO WINDOW TOOL. By using this tool we can develop schematic for all above techniques and also find out the power dissipation.

Key words: Low power, CMOS, SDCVSL, Adiabatic logic.

Reference
[1] A. Chandrakasan, R. Brodersen, Low Power Digital Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
[2] Meta-Software, HSPICE User's Manual - Version 96.1,1996.
[3] K. Yano, Y. Sasaki, K. Rikino, K. Seki, "Top-Down Pass-Transistor Logic Design". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.31, pp. 792-803. 1996
[4] MIPS Technologies, "R4200 Microprocessor Product Information", MIPS Technologies Inc., 1994
[5] R K. Navi, Md.Reza Saatchi and O. Daei, (2009) "A High-Speed Hybrid Full Adder," European Journal of Scientific Research,Vol 26 No.1,pp 29-33.

An Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Industrial Waste (Hypo Sludge)

Abstract: Concrete is strength and tough material but it is porous material also which interacts with the surrounding environment. The durability of concrete depends largely on the movement of water and gas enters and moves through it. To produce low cost concrete by blending various ratios of cement with hypo sludge & to reduce disposal and pollution problems due to hypo sludge it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from hypo sludge. To make good quality paper limited number of times recycled Paper fibers can be used which produces a large amount of solid waste. The innovative use of hypo sludge in concrete formulations as a supplementary cementations material was tested as an alternative to traditional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength up to 28 days. As a result, the compressive increased up to 10% addition of hypo sludge and further increased in hypo sludge reduces the strengths gradually. This research work is concerned with experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing cement via 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of Hypo Sludge. Keeping all this view, the aim of investigation is the behavior of concrete while adding of waste with different proportions of Hypo sludge in concrete by using tests like compression strength and split strength. The mix design was carried out for M25 grade concrete as per IS: 10262-2009.

Key words: cement; hyposludge; paper waste; OPC

Reference
[1] Hypo Sludge Management: Opportunities For Developing Low Cost Concrete With Glass Fibers, Volume : 1 | Issue : 7 | Dec 2012 • ISSN No 2277 – 8160 Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Dr. L. B. Zala, Dr F. S. Umrigar
[2] Experimental Investigation In Developing Low Cost Concrete From Paper Industry Waste R. Srinivasan, *K. Sathiya And M. Palanisamy,2010
[3] An Exploration Study On Stone Waste As Foregoing Alternatives For Green Concrete Ankit Nileshchandra Patel 1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda 2, IJAERS/Vol. II/ Issue III/April-June, 2013/35-38
[4] Utilization Of Waste Paper Pulp By Partial Replacement Of Cement In ConcreteSumit A Balwaik*; S P Raut** Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.300-309
[5] Durability Of Concrete With Partial Replacement Of Cement By Paper Industry Waste (Hypo Sludge) Jayeshkumar Pitroda, L.B.Zala, F S Umrigar, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-3, February 2013.

Simulation of Brushless DC Motor using Direct Torque Control

Abstract: This paper deals with modelling of three phases brushless dc motor with MATLAB/SIMULINK software BLDC motor have advantages according to brushless dc motor and induction motor's. They have improve speed torque charactistics, high efficiency high transient response and small size. It approaches for reducing the torque ripples of BLDC motor using DTC, by using control technique's ,but present work mainly concentrate on advanced method. The whole drive system is simulated based on the system devices, BLDC motor source inverter, space vector modulation.

IndexTerms: Brushlessdc(BLDC)drives,directtorque Control (DTC), permanent-magnetmotor.

Reference
[1] Yong Liu,Z. Q. Zhu, "direct torque control of brushless dc drives with reduced torque ripple"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 41, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL 2005
[2] C.GENCER AND M. GEDIKPINAR "MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BLDCMUSING MATLAB/SIMULINK" 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
[3] G.Prasad,, N.SreeRamya,, P.V.N.Prasad ,G.Tulasi Ram Das "Modelling and Simulation Analysis of the Brushless DC Motor by using MATLAB"ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-5, October 2012.

Design & Fabrication of a Machine to REDUCE the Critical PROCESS Parameters & Improve Productivity of Agro – Based Dhup Agarbatti

Abstract: In our country still our villager are struggling with short of money, living standard. Mainly our farmer does irrigation related activity when the season comes & rest of the time they remain with no work this causes a biggest trouble to them because they uses money whatever they earn by selling their crops into their idle time i.e. off-season.1 Hence there living standard remain unchanged due to short of money saving. Keeping this thing into mind we are trying to help farmer by giving them a chance of self-employment, so that, they can change their living standard to some extent. Hence we are focusing to develop a system/machine which can be run manually. The cost of the system or machine will try to keep very minimum, so that the farmer can purchase it or taken it on rent. The objective of our machine is to utilize mainly agriculture based product which is available at very low price along with some additives. Through this project the farmer can produce a daily consumable product which would be so called as "Agro Dhup Agarbatti".

Key words: Mixing chamber, Hopper, Critical data, Agricultural waste, Agro Dhup – Agarbatti.

Reference
1) The hand book of dairy farming in India, Engineers India Research Institute publication, 2005, Vol-2
2) The journal of Chinese farmer painting of China, by Diater Wanazura, Chines Art publication, June 2005, Vol-1
3) Book of Design of machine element by Vinod Thombre Patil, Nirali publication, June 2013.
4) The book of Advance manufacturing processes by P.K.Ambadekar, S.T.Ghan, and D.M.Dharmadhikari, Nirali publication, June 2013.

Quantifying the Water Flow through the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System

Abstract: In order to quantify the flow of water in the soil plant atmosphere system by using and correlating various methods of measurements, an experimental study was undertaken. The study was carried out in the region of "The Field of Kosovo", in two climatic particular areas, Komoran and Vushtri, significantly different from each other. Meteorological stations were set up in each area and as a part of it, in each case, the evaporimeter Pan A and an atmometer were installed. Each meteorological station was equipped with the necessary devices to measure the sun radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature. A particular computer program was prepared to convert automatically the data measured by the devices into potential evapotranspiration, expressed as mm evaporated water per day, calculated based on the Penman-Monteith formulae. The potential evapotranspiration calculated based on the Penman-Monteith method indicated, during the entire time of investigation, higher values comparing with the results taken from the atmometer and the Pan A evaporimeter methods. The differences were significant in both, Komoran and Vushtri.

Key words: water flow; potential evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith formula; atmometer; Pan A evaporimeter

Reference
[1] Penman, H.L. "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass". Proc. Roy. Soc (London, U.K.) (1948), A193 (1032): 120–145.
[2] Hillel, D., "Soil and water", from Physiological Ecology, edited by T. T. Kozlowski, Wisconsin, 1971, pg. 201-239
[3] Hillel, D., "Introduction to Soil Physics", Academic Press, USA. 1982, 288-319
[4] Hillel, D., "Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics", Academic Press, Hardbound, USA, 2003, 221-225
[5] Richard G. Allen, Luis S. Pereira, Dirk Raes, Martin Smith, "Crop evapotranspiration"; FAO irrigation and drainage paper, Rome, 1998, vol. 56, 1-16,

Steady State Thermal Analysis Of Friction Stir Welded Stringer Panel Of An Aircraft Wing

Abstract: Welding is a wide range multistate permanent fastening method of fabrication. Globally welding technology has numerous applications. The present project deals with the calculation of the steady state thermal analysis and fatigue life of the friction stir welded stringer panel. The stringer panel is a device used for supporting the upper and the lower skin of the aircraft wing. The equivalent stresses and life cycles are calculated theoretically referring to many journals, the theoretical inputs are given to the analysis software ANSYS Workbench i.e. heat flux, temperature, and speed of rotation of the friction stir tool. The resultant equivalent stress and the total deformation apart from that the life cycles are also generated. The theoretical values of stress and fatigue life are computed. The best welding conditions are predicted by suitable analysis in ANSYS Work bench software by providing suitable working conditions as inputs.

Key words: ANSYS, Friction stir welding, Thermal analysis, Fatigue life.

Reference
[1] TWI (1991). Friction Stir welding at TWI
[2] Mishra, R.S., Ma, Z.Y., Friction stir welding and processing, Materials Science and Engineering R, Vol. 50, 2005, pp. 1-78.
[3] Static and Fatigue Testing of Full-Scale Aircraft Structures-Jody Cronenberger, Research Engineer Kenneth E. Griffin, Ph.D., Manager, Department of Structural Engineering Southwest Research Institute.
[4] Structural Risk Assessment of RAAF B707 Lower Wing Stringers, Published by Air Vehicles Division DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organization 506 Lorimer St Fishermans Bend, Victoria 3207 Australia.
[5] An Integrated Approach to the Determination and Consequences of Residual Stress on the Fatigue Performance of Welded Aircraft Structures, L. Edwards,1 M. E. Fitzpatrick,2 P. E. Irving,3 I. Sinclair,4 X. Zhang,5 and D. Yapp. Journal of ASTM International, February 2006, Vol. 3, No. 2. Paper ID JAI12547.

Analysis Of Machine Learning Techniques By Using Blogger Data

Abstract: Blogs are the recent fast progressing media which depends on information system and technological advancement. The mass media is not much developed for the developing countries are in government terms and their schemes are developed based on governmental concepts, so blogs are provided for knowledge and ideas sharing. This article has highlighted and performed simulations from obtained information, 100 instances of Bloggers by using Weka 3. 6 Tool, and by applying many machine learning algorithms and analyzed with the values of accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure for getting future tendency anticipation of users to blogging and using in strategical areas.

Key words: Blog, Cyber Space, Data Mining, Random Forest.

Reference
[1] Zafarani,R, Jashki, M.A, Baghi,H.R , Ghorbani,A., 2008, A Novel Approach for Social Behavior Analysis of the Blogosphere, springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, S. Bergler (Ed.): Canadian AI, 356–367. Techniques.
[2] Dr.M.Hemalatha,S.Krishnaveni.,et.,al, A Prespective analysis of Traffic Accident Using Data Mining Techniques.
[3] Dr.M.Hemalatha,S.Krishnaveni,G.V.Nadaimmai.,et.,al, Evaluating the YieldOfHybrid Napier Grass with Data Mining
[4] Juffinger,A., Lex, E., 2009, Cross language Blog Mining and Trend Visualization ,WWW 2009, 2009, Madrid, Spain.1149-1150.
[5] Demartini, G., Siersdorfer,S., Chelaru, S., Nejdl,W., Analyzing Political Trends in the Blogosphere, Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media,465-469.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Prospects of Establishing Small Wind Turbine Systems in Kano State, Nigeria Prospects of Establishing Small Wind Turbine Systems in Kano State, Nigeria Abstract: Wind regimes are being investigated in different locations of Nigeria by Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET). One year data was collected from the only NIMET synoptic station in Kano State, located at MallamAminu Kano International Airport, and analyzed. The results indicated an average minimum wind speed of 3 m/s for September and October and a maximum wind speed of 5.6 m/s for June. The study established an annual average wind speed of 4.3 m/s over the year 2007 in the municipality and some rural areas of Kano State, Nigeria. Major contributions of prevailing winds in the year were found out to be from South-West wind (56%) in May, East wind (52%) in January, and North-East wind (46%) in February. The South-West wind predominantly gave a major contribution from February to July across the year. These findings prove the prospects of establishing Small Wind Turbine System in the State. This could assist in power supply within Kano State for domestic use and cottage industries, particularly to supplement the grid supply in remote locations. Key words: small, wind turbine, average wind velocity, prospects, rural area Reference [1] M. Asif and T. Muneer, Energy Supply, its Demand and Security Issues for Developed and Emerging Economies,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(7), 2007, 1388-1413. [2] S. Clarke, Electricity Generation Using Small Wind Turbines at Your Home or Farm, FACTSHEET (2003). [3] G.T. Wrixon, A-M. E. Rooney, and W. Palz, Renewable Energy-2000, Springer Berlin Heidelberg (1993). [4] Carbon Trust, Small scale wind energy: Policy insights and practical guidance, UK (2008).Available: http://www.carbontrust.com/media/77248/ctc738_small-scale_wind_energy.pdf [5] Thorstensson E., Small Scale Wind Turbines: Introductory Market Study for Swedish Conditions, master's thesis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gotoborg, Sweden (2009). AliyuMaje Adnan, Faralu Muhammad Sani, Mahdi Makoyo	01-06
2.	Mimo Based Downlink Channels with Limited Feedback and User Selection Using Th Precoding Technique Mimo Based Downlink Channels with Limited Feedback and User Selection Using Th Precoding Technique Abstract: The implementation of Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) pre-coding for multiuser MIMO systems based on quantized channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side. Compared with the results in [1], our scheme applies to more general system setting where the number of users in the system can be less than or equal to the number of transmit antennas. We also study the achievable average sum rate of the proposed quantized CSI-based TH pre-coding scheme. The expressions of the upper bounds on both the average sum rate of the systems with quantized CSI and the mean loss in average sum rate due to CSI quantization are derived. We also present some numerical results. The results show that the nonlinear TH pre-coding can achieve much better performance than that of linear zero-forcing pre-coding for both perfect CSI and quantized CSI cases. In addition, our derived upper bound on the mean rate loss for TH pre-coding converges to the true rate loss faster than that of zero-forcing pre-coding obtained in [2] as the number of feedback bits becomes large. Both the analytical and numerical results show that nonlinear pre-coding suffers from imperfect CSI more than linear pre-coding does. Key words: Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding, QR decomposition, random vector quantization, zero-forcing, Reference [1] C. Windpassinger, R. F. H. Fischer, T. Vencel, and J. B. Huber, ―Precoding in multiantenna and multiuser communications,‖ IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1305–1316, July 2004. [2] N. Jindal, ―MIMO broadcast channels with finite-rate feedback,‖ IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 52, pp. 5045–5060, Nov. 2006. [3] I. E. Telatar, ―Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels,‖ Europ. Trans. Commun., pp. 585–595, Nov.-Dec. 1999. [4] G. J. Foschini and J. E. Hall, ―Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas,‖ Bell Labs Tech. J., pp. 41–59, 1996. [5] P. W. Wolniansky, G. J. Foschini, G. D. Golden, and R. A. Valenzuela, ―V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel,‖ in Proc. 1998 URSI Int. Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics, pp. 295–300. B.Muralidharan, R.Valarmathi	07-11
3.	Search Based Software Engineering Search Based Software Engineering Abstract: This paper reviews the search based software engineering research and finds the major milestones in this direction. The SBSE approach has been the topic of several surveys and reviews. Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE) consists of the application of search-based optimization to software engineering. Using SBSE, a software engineering task is formulated as a search problem by defining a suitable candidate solution representation and a fitness function to differentiate between solution candidates. This paper gives an overview of major research studies undertaken in the domain. Index Terms: GA, SBSE, MEOA, NSGA-II and SPEA2 Reference [1] Search Based Test Data Generation Using Evolutionary Testing Techniques, International Journal of Software Engineering (IJSE), Volume (1) : Issue (5) , S. Kanmani , P. Maragathavalli. [2] "Search based software engineering", www.elsevier.com/locate/infsof, Mark Harman,bryan f. jones [3] "The Current State and Future of Search Based Software Engineering", Future of Software Engineering(FOSE'07) 0-7695-2829-5/07 $20.00 © 2007,IEEE,Mark Harman King's College London Strand, London,WC2R 2LS United Kingdom [4] "Search Based Software Engineering: Introduction to the Special Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 36, NO. 6, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010. Mark Harman and Afshin Mansouri. [5] "Search based software engineering Software engineering using meta heuristic innovative search algorithms.", Mark Harman and Afshin Mansouri. Jaspreet Bedi, Kuljit Kaur	12-16
4.	Delay Tolerant Network Routing Nature – A Study Delay Tolerant Network Routing Nature – A Study Abstract: Delay-Tolerant network (DTN) is a network in which no simultaneous end-to-end path exists. And the messages delivered in the DTN usually have large delivery latency due to network partition. These special characteristics make DTN routing a challenging problem. For this purpose, we updated the shortest path based routing algorithms using conditional intermeeting times and proposed to route the messages over conditional shortest paths. This proposes Conditional Shortest Path Routing (CSPR) protocol that route the messages over conditional shortest paths in which the cost of links between nodes is defined by conditional intermeeting times rather than the conventional intermeeting times. Key words: DTN, CSPR, Routing, Network; Reference [1] Delay tolerant networking research group, http://www.dtnrg.org. [2] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis,C. S. Raghavendra, Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The single-copy case, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 16, no. 1, Feb. 2008. [3] J. Burgess, B. Gallagher, D. Jensen, and B. N. Levine, MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption- Tolerant Networks, In Proc. IEEE Infocom, April 2006. [4] A. Vahdat and D. Becker, Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks, Duke University, Tech. Rep. CS-200006, 2000. [5] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis,C. S. Raghavendra, Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The multi-copy case, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2008. V. Prema Tulasi, K. Satyanarayana, Revuri VARUN, VARUN Maramraju	17-22
5.	Object Detection from Complex Background Image Using Circular Hough Transform Object Detection from Complex Background Image Using Circular Hough Transform Abstract: In this study we discuss about the method to detect the object from the complex background. Object detection and recognition in noisy and cluttered images is a challenging problem in computer vision. The goal of this project is to detect the object using few methods such as color processing and shape detection. Colour processing uses thresholding operation to eliminate the unrelated colour or object in the image. Circular Hough Transform (CHT) will determine the candidates of object with the given radius within an image by collecting the maximum voting. Key words: Canny edge detection, Circular Hough transform (CHT), Colour processing, Histogram Equalization Reference [1] Dembele, F. Object Detection using Circular Hough Transform [2] Pedersen, S. J. K. (2007). "Circular Hough Transform." Aalborg University, Vision, Graphics, and Interactive Systems [3] D'Orazio, T., C.Guaragnella, M. Leo and A.Distante, 2004. A new algorithm for ball Recognition using circle Hough transform and neural classifier. Pattern Recognition, 37: 393-408. [4] Kawaguchi, T., D. Hidaka and M. Rizon, 2000.Detection of eyes from human faces by Hough transform and separability filter. Proc. of IEEE ICRP, 1: 49-52. [5] Fukui, K. and O. Yamaguchi, 1997. Facial feature points extraction method based on combination of shape extraction and pattern matching. Trans. IEICE Japan J90-D-II. 8: 2170-2177. S. Bindu, S. Prudhvi, G. Hemalatha, Mr. N. Raja Sekhar, Mr V. Nanchariah	23-28
6.	CFD Analysis of Supersonic Coaxial Jets on Effect of Spreading Rates CFD Analysis of Supersonic Coaxial Jets on Effect of Spreading Rates Abstract: Prevailing high-speed air-breathing propulsion systems invariably banks on coaxial jets which plays a vigorous role in stabilization of flames and combustion emission. Coaxial jets have applications in supersonic ejectors, noise control techniques and enhancement of mixing. Coaxial jet nozzles regulate spreading rates by developing virtuous mean flow and shortening primary flow potential core length. In the present paper, two-dimensional coaxial jet profiles of different area ratios are designed and analyzed. The models were designed in ANSYS Design Modeler and the numerical simulation was done in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 using the two dimensional density based energy equation and k- ε turbulence model with primary supersonic flow and secondary subsonic flow. The contours of turbulence intensity, acoustics power level and axial-velocity are investigated along the flow direction. This study shows that increasing the area ratio results in less turbulence which in turn increases the potential core length,acoustics power level, turbulent kinetic energy and generates more noise. Key words: Coaxial jets, spreading rates, potential core length, noise control, turbulence model, acoustics. Reference [1] N.Karthikeyan, B.T.N.Sridhar, Studies on effect of jet shapes in the coaxial supersonic jet spreading rates,International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Applications Research, Vol. 02, Issue 02; August- December 2011. [2] Seung-Cheol Baek, Soon-Bum Kwon, Byeong-Eun Lee, An Experimental Study of Supersonic Dual Coaxial Free Jet, KSME International Journal, Vol. 17 No. 12, pp. 2107~2115, 2003. [3] J. Philip Drummond, Enhancement of Mixing and Reaction in High-Speed Combustor Flow field, International Colloquium on Advanced and Analysis of Combustion, 1997, Moscow, RUSSIA. [4] Nicholas J.Georgiadis and Dimitri Papamoschou, Computational Investigations of High-Speed Dual-Stream Jets, 9th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustis Conference and Exhibit, 12-14 May 2003, Hilton Head, South Carolina. [5] Nevin Celik, Daniel W. Bettenhausen and Ryan D. Lovik, Formation of Co-Axial Jets and Their Downstream Development, No name manuscript. K. Kathiresan, A. Balamani, M. Karthik, P. Gogulanathan, D. Thanikaivel Murugan, S.Ilakkiya	29-35
7.	Image Enhancement Using DWT DCT and SVD Image Enhancement Using DWT DCT and SVD Abstract: Image enhancement deals with enhancing the image so that it provides more details. Several techniques are proposed for contrast enhancement of a low-contrast satellite images and CT scans. Here a new technique has been proposed based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT) Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The proposed technique divides image into blocks and converts each block of image into the DWT-SVD-DCT domain after normalizing the singular value matrix. Then the modified image is reconstructed by using inverse DCT and DWT and the blocks are combined. Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) has been used here. Results of the proposed method clearly indicates increased efficiency and flexibility perceptually and quantitatively over the existing methods like DWT-SVD technique. Key words: Adaptive histogram, DCT, DWT, Histogram Equalization, SVD Reference [1] R. C. Gonzalez, and R. E. Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2007 [2] G.Praveena, M.Venkatasrinu, A Modified SVD-DCT Method for Enhancement of Low Contrast Satellite Images, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research, 5(2), 2012, 1615-1619. [3] Ganesh naga sai Prasad. V , Habibullah khan , Image enhancement using Wavelet transforms and SVD ,Bhavana.k,Muralidhar.Ch ,Tulasi sai kiran.Ch, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(3), 2012, 1080-1087. [4] K. Bhandari, A. Kumar and P. K. Padhy, Enhancement of Low Contrast Satellite Images using Discrete Cosine Transform and Singular Value Decomposition,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology , 2011. [5] Sulochana S Vidhya R, Satellite Image Contrast Enhancement using Multi wavelets and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) , International Journal of Computer Applications 35(7), 2011,0975 – 8887. Aswathy Mohan, Mary Linda P A	36-40
8.	An Implementation Of Network Traffic Classification Technique Based On K-Medoids An Implementation Of Network Traffic Classification Technique Based On K-Medoids Abstract: Classification of network traffic is extensively required mainly for many network management tasks such as flow prioritization, traffic shaping/policing, and diagnostic monitoring. Many approaches have been evolved for this purpose. The classical approach such as port number or payload analysis methods has their own limitations. For example, some applications uses dynamic port number and encryption techniques, making these techniques ineffective. To overcome these limitations machine learning approaches were proposed. But these approaches also have problems of labeled instances in supervised learning and tedious manual work in unsupervised learning. Our aim was to implement an approach for classification of network traffic on semi-supervised data which overcomes the shortcomings of other two approaches. In this approach, flow (instance) statistics are used to classify the traffic. These flow statistics contains few labeled and many unlabeled instances constitutes a training data set which was used for the training (learning) of classifier. Then we used two processes: the clustering (using K-Medoids) which divides the training data into different groups and classification in which the labeling to the groups was done. To build the model we used the MATLAB tool. To test the build model we used KDD CUP 99 intrusion detection data set, which includes both attack data and normal data. Key words: Classification, Clustering, Machine Learning, Semi-Supervised, K-Medoids. Reference [1] Liu Yingqiu, Li Wei, Li Yunchun, "Network Traffic Classification using K-Means Clustering," in Second International Multisymposium on Computer and Computational Sciences, Aug.2007, pp. 360- 365. [2] Alberto Dainotti, Walter de Donato, Antonio Pescape, Pierluigi Salvo Rossi, "Classification of Network Traffic via Packet Level Hidden Markov Models," in IEEE GLOBECOM, New Orleans, LO, Dec. 2008, pp. 1-5. [3] Geza Szabo, Istyan Szabo, Daniel Orincasy, "Accurate Traffic Classification," in IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM),Espoo, Finland, June 2007, pp. 1-8. [4] Ms. Sheetal S. Shinde, Dr. Sandeep P. Abhang, "A Network Traffic Clasification Technique using Clustering on Semi- Supervised Data," in International Journal of Electronics, Communication, & Soft Computing Sciences & Engineering, ISSN: 2277-9477,Mar. 2012, pp. 151-155. [5] Alberto Dainotti, Antonio Pescape, "Issues and Future Directions in Traffic Classification," in IEEE Network, Feb. 2012, pp. 35-40. Dheeraj Basant Shukla, Gajendra Singh Chandel	41-46
9.	Removal of Congo red Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Saw Dust as an Adsorbent Removal of Congo red Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Saw Dust as an Adsorbent Abstract: The removal of this dye from the industry waste water is environmentally significant. In the present work, easily available, and low cost adsorbent i. e. saw dust was employed to remove congo red dye from water. The effects of parameters like pH, amount of adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature were studied. The result showed that 90% dye was removed when p^H= 9 and contact time is 120 minutes.when the temperature increases from 298 K, 303 K and 308 K, the rate of adsorption also increases. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm were also studied. The kinetic study shows that the system follows pseudo 2^nd order. The ultrasonic velocities of dye solution were studied. The result shows that the velocity increases with adsorption increases. Key words: adsorption, adsorption isotherm, congo red, kinetc study, saw dust. Reference [1] Mcmullan G., Meehan C., Conneely A., Kirby N., Robinson T., et. al., Microbial decolourization and degradation of textile dyes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56, (2001), 81-7. [2] Nigam P., Armour G., Bonant I. M., Singh D., Marchant R., Physical removal of textile dyes and solid state fermentation of dye- adsorbed agricultural residues, Bioresour Technol, 72, (2000), 219-226. [3] Wolfe N. L., Weber E., Environ. Toxicol Chem., 6 (1987) 911-927. [4] Nagda, G. K. , Diwan A. M.and Ghole, V. S., App. Eco. & Enviro. Res. 2 (2007) 1, 2. [5] Bozdogan A., Gokunil H., The removal of colour of textile dyes in waste water by use of recycled coagulant, M. U. Fena Billimleri Dergisi, 4 (1987) 83-96. D. A. Nimkar, S. K. Chavan	47-51
10.	VLSI Implementation of Encryption and Decryption System Using Hamming Code Algorithm VLSI Implementation of Encryption and Decryption System Using Hamming Code Algorithm Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimized VLSI implementation of encryption and decryption system using hamming code algorithm. In the present field of communication has got many applications, and in every field the data is encoded at the transmitter and transfer on a communication channel and receive at the receiver after data is decoded. During the broadcast of data it might get degraded because of some noise on the channel. So it is crucial for the receiver to have some function which can recognize and correct the error in the received data. Hamming code is one of such forward error correcting code which has got many applications. In this paper the algorithm for hamming code is discussed and then implementation of it in verilog is done to get the results. Hamming code is an upgrading over parity check method. Here a code is implemented in verilog in which 4-bit of information data is transmitted with 3-redundancy bits. In order to do that the proposed method uses a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It is known that FPGA provides quick implementation and fast hardware verification. It gives facilities of reconfiguring the design construct unlimited number of times. The HDL code is written in verilog, Gate Level Circuit and Layout is implemented in CMOS technology. Key words: Hamming Code, FPGA, CMOS, Encryption, Decryption Reference [1] Z. Al-Ars and A. J. van de Goor, "Soft faults and importance of stresses in memory testing," Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1084–1089, Feb. 2004. [2] R. W. Hamming, "Error detecting and error correcting code," Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 26, pp. 147–160, Apr.1950. [3] P. K. Lala, P. Thenappan, and M. T. Anwar, "Single error correcting and double error detecting coding scheme," IET Electronics Letters, vol. 41, Issue 13, pp. 758–760, Feb. 2005. [4] Rick Ma and Samuel Cheng "The Universality of Generalized Hamming Code for Multiple Sources", IEEE Transactions on Communications, VOL. 59, NO. 10, PP. 2641- 2647, OCTOBER 2011 Fazal Noorbasha, Harikishore Kakarla, Sri Ramya R, G Venkata Maruthi Manoj, Siva Prakash U and Varalakshmi G	52-55
11.	Hardware Solution to Motion Object Detection Using Morphological Filtering and FPGA Hardware Solution to Motion Object Detection Using Morphological Filtering and FPGA Abstract: Moving Object detection applications popularly uses background subtraction method where the stable background image is subtracted from each frame to detect the moving object. Most of these applications are software based applications which are relatively slower and inaccurate. This paper presents an innovative and unique hardware solution using morphological filtering technique and we observe a output on visual basic hyperlink terminal. This solution is based on Microblaze architecture of Spartan 3 EDK FPGA. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are commonly used for implementing complex image processing algorithm applications. Index terms: FPGA, Background subtraction, Morphological filter, dilation, erosion, Image processing Reference [1] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaad, and A. Luthra, "Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560–575, Jul. 2003. [2] Z. He, Y. Liang, L. Chen, I. Ahmad, and D.Wu, "Power-rate-distortion analysis for wireless video communication under energy constraints", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 645–658, May 2005. [3] H. F. Ates and Y. Altunbasak, "Rate-distortion and complexity optimized motion estimation for H.264 video coding," IEEE Trans. CircuitsSyst. Video Technol., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 159–171, Feb. 2008. [4] S. Lee, "Fast motion estimation based on search range adjustment and matching point decimation," IET Image Process., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2010. [5] A. Bahari, T. Arslan, and A. T. Erdogan, "Low-power H.264 video compression architectures for mobile communication," IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1251–1261, Sep. 2009 Ms. Anjali Kondane, Prof. Bharti Patil	56-60
12.	Speed Regulation and Torque Ripple Minimization of Induction Motor by DTC with PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller Speed Regulation and Torque Ripple Minimization of Induction Motor by DTC with PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller Abstract: This paper presents a direct flux and torque control (DTC) of Induction motor drive (IMD) for speed regulator (SR) using PI and fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The DTC control method has been optimized by using conventional PI controller in the SR loop of IDM. The main drawback of the DTC of IMD using conventional PI controller based SR is high torque, stator flux ripples and speed of IMD is decreasing under transient and steady state operating conditions. This drawback was eliminated using the FLC. The FLC based SR control scheme combines the benefits of DTC technique along with PI and FLC technique. Finally the effectiveness, validity, and performance of the DTC of IMD using both conventional PI and FL controller based SR has been analyzed, studied, compared, and confirmed by simulation result, from the simulation result found that the low torque, stator flux ripples, and rated speed with the FLC technique using Matlab / simulink. Key words: Conventional PI Controller, Direct Torque Control, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Induction Motor Drive, Space Vector Modulation Reference [1] F. Blaschke, "The principle of field-orientation as applied to the transvector closed-loop control system for rotating-field machines", Siemens Rev., vol. 34, pp. 135-147, 1988. [2] G. S. Buja, M.P.Kazmierkowski, "DTC of pwm inverter-fed AC motors - A Survey", iEEE Trans. on Ind. Eiec., volume 54, no. 4, 2004. [3] Takahashi and T.Noguchi, "A new quick response and high efficiency control strategy of an induction motor", IEEE Trans. 1nd. Appl., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 820-827, 1986. [4] Domenico Casadei, Francesco Profumo, Giovanni Serra, and Angelo Tani, "FOC and DTC: Two Viable Schemes for Induction Motors Torque Control", IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 5, Sept. 2002. [5] Takahashi and Y. Ohmori, "High-performance direct torque control of induction motor", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 25, no.2,pp.257-264, 1989. R. Jones Samuel, N. Usha Rani	61-66
13.	A survey on anomaly and signature based intrusion detection system (IDS) A survey on anomaly and signature based intrusion detection system (IDS) Abstract: Security is considered as one of the most critical parameter for the acceptance of any networking technology. Information in transit must be protected from unauthorized release and modification, and the connection itself must be established and maintained securely malicious users have taken advantage of this to achieve financial gain or accomplish some corporate or personal agenda. Denial of Service (DoS) and distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks are evolving continuously. These attacks make network resources unavailable for legitimate users which results in massive loss of data, resources and money. Combination of Intrusion detection System and Firewall is used by Business Organizations to detect and prevent Organizations‟ network from these attacks. Signatures to detect them are not available. This paper presents a light-Weight mechanism to detect novel DoS/DDoS (Resource Consumption) attacks and automatic signature generation process to represent them in real time. Experimental results are provided to support the proposed mechanism. Key words: Novel DoS attack detection, automatic Signature generation, Main Memory Database Management System Reference [1] Swati Paliwal,,Ravindra Gupta" Denial-of- Service,Probing& Remote to User(R2L) Attack Detection using Genetic Algorithm Volume60" No.19. December 2012 [2] Jie Yang, Xin Chen, Xudong Xiang, Jianxiong Wan, "HIDS-DT: An Effective Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Based on Decision Tree", 2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing [3] Yu-Xin Ding, Min Xiao, Ai-Wu Liu "Research And Implementation On Snort-Based Hybrid Intrusion Detection System", Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding,12-15 July IEEE 2009, DOI: 1.1109/ICMLC.2009. 5212282 [4] Adetunmbi A. Olusola, Adeola S. Oladele, Daramola O.Abosede, "Analysis of KDD ‟99 Intrusion Detection Dataset for Selection of Relevance Features", Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2010 Volume I, IEEE 2010 Anomalous Contents", 2010 Sixth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications [5] Yu-Xin Ding, Min Xiao, Ai-Wu Liu, "Research And Implementation On Snort-Based Hybrid Intrusion Detectio System", Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Baoding,12-15 July IEEE 2009, DOI: 10.1109/ICMLC.2009. 5212282 Mrs.Anshu Gangwar Mr. Sandeep Sahu	67-72
14.	Power Generation and Distribution System of Modern Civil Aircraft Power Generation and Distribution System of Modern Civil Aircraft Abstract: As the aircraft industry is moving towards the all electric and More Electric Aircraft (MEA); is the future trend in adopting single power type for driving the non-propulsive aircraft systems; i.e. is the electrical power. The trend in the aircraft industry is to replace hydraulic and pneumatic systems with electrical systems achieving more comfort and monitoring features. The structure of MEA distribution system improves aircraft maintainability, reliability, flight safety and efficiency. Moreover, MEA reduces the emissions of air pollutant gases from aircrafts, which can contribute in significantly solving some of the problems of climate change. However, the MEA puts some challenges on the aircraft electrical system, both in the amount of the required power and the processing and management of this power. MEA electrical distribution systems are mainly in the form of multi-converter power electronic system. Key words: More electric aircraft, Power converters, Electric actuations, VSCF. Reference [1] I. Moir and A. Seabridge, Aircraft systems: mechanical, electrical, and avionics subsystems integration. London: , 2001 [2] M. J. J. Cronin, "The all-electric aircraft," IEE Review, Vol. 36, 1990, pp. 309-311. [3] R. I. Jones, "The More Electric Aircraft: the past and the future?," in IEE Colloquium on Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, , 1999, pp. 1/1-1/4. [4] M. J. Provost, "The More Electric Aero-engine: a general overview from an engine manufacturer," in International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002, pp. 246-251. [5] R. E. J. Quigley, "More Electric Aircraft," Proceedings of 8th the Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC '93., 1993, pp. 906-911. Swapnil Srivastava	73-76
15.	Comparison of Estimators for Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution Based On Grouped Data Comparison of Estimators for Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution Based On Grouped Data Abstract: In many situations, instead of complete sample, data is available only in grouped form. This paper presents estimation of population parameters for the exponentiated inverted Weibull distribution based on grouped data with equi and unequi-spaced grouping. Several alternative estimation schemes, such as, the method of maximum likelihood, least lines, least squares, minimum chi-square, and modified minimum chi-square are considered. Since the different methods of estimation didn't provide closed form solution, thus numerical procedure is applied. The root mean squared error resulting estimators used as comparison criterion to measure both the accuracy and the precision for each parameter. Key words: exponentiated inverted Weibull, grouped data, least lines, least squares, maximum likelihood, minimum chi square, modified minimum chi square. Reference [1] M. T. Alodat, and M. F. Al-Saleh, Bayesian estimation using grouped data with application to the exponential distribution, Soochow J. of Mathematics, 26(2000),342-357. [2] A. Shadrokh, and P. Nasiri, Estimation on the minimax distribution using grouped data, Journal of applied Science, 11(18), (2011), 3333-3337. [3] G. Kulldorff, Contribution to the Theory of Estimation from Grouped and Partially Grouped Samples (John Wiley & sons: New York, (1961)). [4] N. P. Archer, Maximum likelihood estimation with Weibull models when the data are grouped, Communication in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 11(2), (1982), 199-207. [5] K. F. Cheng, and C. H. Chen, Estimation of the Weibull parameters with grouped data, Communication in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 17(2), (1988), 325-341. Amal S. Hassan, Marwa A. A, Hegazy Zaher and E. A. Elsherpieny	77-96
16.	Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter (PM10) In an Integrated Coal Mining Complex of Jharia Coalfield, Eastern India, A Review. Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter (PM10) In an Integrated Coal Mining Complex of Jharia Coalfield, Eastern India, A Review. Abstract: Coal based thermal power generation accounts for 44.7% of the world's electricity and coal alone provides about 80% of the total energy demand in India. Energy-intensive industries deteriorate the air quality of the residential areas due to release of different pollutants, especially a range of deleterious heavy metals like Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr. Near about 53.3 percent of the coal produced every year in India has been used for thermal generation. Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is major contributor of coking coal in India. JCF receives particulate matter from various sources such as, opencast coal mining and its associated activities, thermal power stations, automobiles, generator sets fuel burning, construction activities, domestic coal, cooking gas burning, etc. and even the background contribution of natural dust (crustal origin) can not be ruled out, particularly, in the zones having loose topsoil. Concentration of particulate matter causes harmful impacts to the society. These multiple sources are contributing to particulates pollution in the study area. Apportionment of these sources indicating their contribution to ambient air pollution is vital for planning effective control strategies. Management of particulate pollution from various industrial sources in integrated industrial complexes such as JCF is a major area of concern. It can be assessed by determining emissions from various activities and resulting contribution of those multiple sources at various receptors using dispersion and receptor modeling through source apportionment study with respect to particulate matter (PM10) in JCF. Key words: PM_10, Jharia Coalfield, Source Apportionment, Industry, Receptor Modeling, Emission Inventory. Reference [1] Abernathy, C. (2001). "Exposure and Health Effects." United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. Chapter 3. (Oct.12, 2013). [2] Agrawal, R., Imielinski, T., and Swami, A.N. (1993). Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. In Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, P. Buneman and S. Jajodia, Eds. Washington, D.C., 207-216. [3] Agrawal, S.B., Singh, A., and Bhat, M.M. (2004). "Impact of fly ash amendment on seed germination, growth and yield of Vigna mungo L." Asian Journal of Microbiol. Biotech. Environ. Sci., 6, 421–426. [4] Alastuey, A., Sanchez, de la C.A., Querol, X., Rosa, J., Plana, F., Mantilla, E., Viana, M., Ruiz, C.R., and Garcia dos Santos, S. (2006). "Identification and chemical characterization of industrial PM sources in SW Spain." Journal of Air and Waste Management Association. 56, 993-1006. [5] Alias, M., Hamzah, Z. and Kenn, L.S. (2007). "PM10 and Total suspended particulates (TSP) measurements in various power stations." The Malayasian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11, 255-261. Debananda Roy & Gurdeep Singh	97-113
17.	Two Noveland Simple Correlations to Estimate Equilibrium Water Dew Point for Natural Gas Dehydration Process Two Noveland Simple Correlations to Estimate Equilibrium Water Dew Point for Natural Gas Dehydration Process Abstract: Water is probably the most undesirable component found in crude natural gas because its presence can produce hydrate formation, and it can also lead to corrosion or erosion problems in pipes and equipment. Natural gas must be dehydrated before being transported through a long distance to ensure an efficient and trouble-free operation. Thermodynamic modelling of triethyleneglycol (TEG)-water system is still rather inaccurate, especially with regard to systems at high temperature and high TEG concentration. As a consequence, design and operation of absorber towers are affected by the lack of accurate data. Two novel correlations have been developed to estimate the equilibrium water dew point of a natural gas stream by evaluating experimental data and literature. These data were collected and analyzed by means of images scanned with MATLAB software R2012B version. An average percentage error is of 1-2% for linear correlation and it is of 2-3% for non-linear correlation. Results are quite accurate and they are consistent with literature data. Due to the simplicity and precision of the correlations developed in this work, the equations obtained have a great practical value. Consequently, they allow process engineers to perform a quick check of the water dew point at different conditions without using complex expressions or graphics. Key words: Correlation, Dew Point, Natural Gas, TEG-water system, Triethylene glycol, Water Dehydration Reference [1] Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Centre for Gas Hydrate Research, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. http://www.pet.hw.ac.uk/research/hydrate/hydrates_why.cfm [2] F. Gironi, M. Maschietti, V. Piemonte, Modeling triethylene glycol-water systems for natural gas dehydration, Eighth International Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering Transactions, ISBN 88-95608-00-6. [3] C.H. Twu, V. Tassoneb, W.D. Simb, S. Watansiri, Fluid Phase Equilib., 228–229, 2005, 213–221. [4] P. Kazemi, R. Hamidi, Petroleum & Coal, 53 (1), 2011, 71–77. ISSN 1337–7027. [5] K. MohdAtiqueuzzaman, ASM. Maruf, IOSRJAC, 2 (2), 2012, 01-06. ISSN 2278–5736. Leonel Alberto Benitez, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Eleonora Erdmann, Liliana Ale Ruiz, Enrique Tarifa	114-119
18.	An Analysis of 2D Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Based On Fixed Point Approximation An Analysis of 2D Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform Based On Fixed Point Approximation Abstract: As the world advances with technology and research, images are being widely used in many fields such as biometrics, remote sensing, reconstruction etc. This tremendous growth in image processing applications, demands majorly for low power consumption, low cost and small chip area. In this paper we analyzed 2D bi-orthogonal wavelet transform based on Fixed point approximation. Filter coefficients of the bi-orthogonal wavelet filters are quantized before implementation. The efficiency of the results is measured for some standard gray scale images by comparing the original input images and the reconstructed images. SNR and PSNR value shows that this implementation is performed effectively without any loss in image quality. Key words: Bi-orthogonal wavelet Transform, Fixed Point Approximation Reference [1] Shiva Kumar Madishetty, Arjuna Madanayake, Renato J. Cintra, VLSI Architectures for the 4-Tap and 6-Tap 2-D Daubechies Wavelet Filters Using Algebraic Integers," IEEE transactions on circuits and systems, june 2013Feng M.L. and Tan Y.P. (2004) "Contrast adaptive binarization of low quality document images‟ IEICE Electron. Express, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 501–506. [2] Michael Weeks and Qin Wang, "Orthogonal Wavelet Coefficient Precision and Fixed point representation" Department of Computer Science, Georgia University, 2001. [3] A. Ruiz, A. R. Arnauv and M. Ardinav, "2D Wavelet Transform using Fixed Point Number Representation", University of spain CICTY, 2001. [4] K. Wahid, V. Dimitrov, and G. Jullien, "VLSI architectures of Daubechies wavelets for algebraic integers," J. Circuits Syst.Comput., vol.13, no.6, pp. 1251-1270, 2004. [5] R. Baghaie and V. Dimitrov, "Computing Haar transform using algebraic integers," in Proc. Conf. Signals, Systems Computers Record 34th Asilomar Conf.,vol.1, pp. 438-442 ,2000 P. Vijayalakshmi, M. Vidya	120-124
19.	Multiple Printer Problem with STM Multiple Printer Problem with STM Abstract: The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a promising new approach to programming shared-memory parallel processors. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program This paper shows the concept of writing code using Software Transactional Memory (STM) and the performance comparison of codes using locks with those using STM. It also shows that STM is easier to use than locks. This is because critical sections need not to be identified in case of STM. If we enclose the entire code with STM, then the performance does not decrease. But in case of lock, if we enclose the whole code within lock, performance drastically decreases. Key words: Parallel Programming; Multiprocessing; Locks; Transactions; Software Transactional Memory Reference [1] Simon Peyton Jones, "Beautiful concurrency". [2] Elan Dubrofsky, "A Survey Paper on Transactional Memory". [3] Pascal Felber, Christof Fetzer, Torvald Riegel, "Dynamic Performance Tuning of Word-Based Software Transactional Memory". [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_memory [5] James Larus and Christos Kozyrakis. "Transactional Memory" Sayantan Sen, Ryan Saptarshi Ray, Hridam Basu, Utpal Kumar Ray, Parama Bhaumik	125-129
20.	Effect of Aeration on Seafood Processing Wastewater Effect of Aeration on Seafood Processing Wastewater Abstract: The main environmental problems of fish industries are high water consumption and high organic matter, oil and grease, ammonia, nitrogen and salt contents in the waste water. Aeration helps in the oxidation of these minerals. This paper consequently focuses on how the various constituents of waste water vary with aeration. Diffused fine bubble aeration was done in a circular tank at various flow rates (3 l/minute,6.2 l/minute.6.4l/minute) at a constant time period of 20 hours using air stones and the percentage reduction in ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen , BOD,COD and salts were found out . It was found that as flow rate of aeration increase the percentage removal of above constituents also increased. Optimum removal was possible at a flow rate of 6.4l/min. BOD, COD, Ammoniacal nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, were found to be removed by 91.2%, 82.79%,57.76%, 90.6% respectively . Aeration had no effect on salts and lipids . Key words: aspirators, CAD, EPDM, Kjeldahl nitrogen, reactors Reference [1] Achanta Ramakrishna Rao, Bimlesh Kumar and Ajay Kumar Patel , Relative performance of different shaped surface aeration tanks, 34-40, 2007 [2] Hourard S Peavy, Donald R Roul, George tchobanoglous,' Environmental Engineering'. [3] S K Garg, 'Environmental engineering', volume 1 & 2, 1999, Khanna Publications, New Delhi. [4] DA C Turoet, F M Laur,'Water supply Engineering'. [5] Dr.B.C.Punmia,'Water supply Engineering' volume 2, 1999, Arihant Publications, 4 th edition. Neena Sunny, Jinu John, Malavika Chandran, Rinu Joseph, Samal Sasindran	130-133
21.	Optimizing Feed and Radial Forces on Conventional Lathe Machine of En31b Alloy Steel through Taguchi's Parameter Design Approach Optimizing Feed and Radial Forces on Conventional Lathe Machine of En31b Alloy Steel through Taguchi's Parameter Design Approach Abstract: The present paper outlines an experimental study to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) resulting in an optimal values of the feed force and radial force when machining EN31B steel with TiC-coated tungsten carbide inserts. The effects of cutting parameters on the feed and radial force were experimentally investigated. Experimentation was conducted as per Taguchi's orthogonal array. Three cutting parameters with three levels are arranged in L9 orthogonal array. The orthogonal array, measured values of feed and radial force, signal-to-noise ratios, and analysis of variance are employed in order to study the feed force and radial force. The analysis of the results shows that the optimal settings for low values of feed and radial forces are high cutting speed, low feed rate and depth of cut. Key words: Cutting parameters; turning process; feed force; radial force Taguchi technique; EN31B steel; coated carbide inserts. Reference [1] Singh, H., Kumar, P., Optimizing cutting force for turned parts by Taguchi's parameter design approach, Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, Vol. 12, 97-103, (2005). [2] Petropoulos, G., Ntziantzias, I., Anghel, C., A predictive model of cutting force in turning using Taguchi and Response surface techniques, 1st International Conference on Experiments / Process / System Modelling / Simulation/ Optimization – IC-EpsMsO, Athens, Greece, (2005). [3] Noorul H.A., Marimuthu P. and Jeyapaul R., 2007.Multi response optimization of machining parameters of drilling Al/Sic metal matrix composite using grey relational analysis in the Taguchi method. Int.J Adv Manuf Technol: 250-255. [4] Singh, H., Kumar, P., Optimizing feed force for turned parts through the Taguchi technique, Sadhana, Vol. 31 (6), 671-681, (2006). [5] Aggarwal, A., Singh, H., Kumar, P., Singh, M., Optimizing feed and radial forces in CNC machining of P- 20 tool steel through Taguchi's parameter design approach, Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences, Vol. 16, , 23-32, (2009). Mohd. Rafeeq, Mudasir M Kirmani	134-144
22.	Load Frequency Control of A Typical Two Area Interconnected Power System by Using Battery Energy Storage System Load Frequency Control of A Typical Two Area Interconnected Power System by Using Battery Energy Storage System Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to maintain the constant frequency in two area interconnected power system by using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) . When there is a variation in the load demand on a generating unit, there is a momenterial occurrence of unbalance between real power input and output. LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with the other areas within the prescribed limits .To control the load frequency and compensate the power imbalance the conventional controllers are used in olden days. But ,these conventional controllers are slow and donot allow the controller designer to take into account possible changes in operating condition and non-linearities in the generator unit.The advancement technique to control the load frequency, an external Battery Energy Storage (BES) system is incorporated. Frequency oscillations due to large load disturbance can be effectively damped by fast acting energy storage devices such as Battery Energy Storage systems.This paper presents the qualitative and quantitative comparison of conventional controllers and BES system in Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a typical two area interconnected power system. The performance of BESS over conventional controllers and how the disturbances are controlled and maintain the constant frequency with response are highlighted. Key words: powersystem; load frequencycontrol; conventional controllers; battery energy storage system. Reference [I] Haadi Saadat, Power Sy&em Analysis, PSA publishing, 2010. [2] Sundaram, VS. and Jayabarathi, T, "Load Frequency Control using PID tuned ANN controller in po�r sy&em," Proc. International Conforence on Electriml Energy Systems (iC EES), 2011, pp. 2 69-274, Jan. 2011. [3] Rengarajan,N., Ra vichandran, C.S. and Palani, S, "Artificial Neural Net\\QIk based design of governor controller," Amdemic Open internet Journal, Vol. 20, 2007 . [4] Kalyan Chatterjee, "Effect of Battery Energy S:orage Sy&em on Load Frequency Control under Deregulation," international Journal of Emerging El ectric Power System s, Vol. 12 , issue 3,Article 2, June 2011. [5] MATLAB SIMULINK ® - Simulation and Model Based Design, http://www.math\\Q rks.com. K. Rajasekhar Chowdary, P. Santhoshi, S. Bhaskararao, T. Anusha, S. Vasu Devarao	145-150
23.	Improvement of Voltage Quality in Isolated Power Systems by Using Series Compensation Improvement of Voltage Quality in Isolated Power Systems by Using Series Compensation Abstract: The main objective of this proposal project is use of series compensator in improving voltage quality in isolated power system. It is observed that power system contains fluctuating non-linear load and high levels of harmonic distortions. The s.c is designed to maintain the fundamental frequency component of terminal voltage of protective load. In this process the power exchange exists between the s.c and external network. Based on this a new sc control strategy is proposed to adjust fundamental frequency component of load terminal voltage. The loads are also sensitive to short duration disturbance in the form of voltage sag/swells. Validity of the proposed technique is illustrated through mat lab simulation. As it is applied on the sc to achieve improved quality of supply in the power system. Key words: Harmonic power flow, isolated power system, phase shift, series compensation, voltage restoration Reference [1] I. Jonasson and L. Soder, ―Power quality on ships-a questionnaire evaluation Concerning island power system,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, Jul. 2001, vol. 15–19, pp. 216–221. [2] J. J. Graham, C. L. Halsall, and I. S. McKay, ―Isolated power systems: Problems of waveform distortion due to thyristor converter loading,‖ in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives, Jul. 1990, vol. 17–19, pp. 327–330. [3] ITI (CBEMA) Curve Application Note, [Online]. Available: http://www.itic.org., Inf. Technol. Ind. Council (ITI). [4] J. C. Das, ―Passive filter—Potentialities and limitations,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 232–241, Jan. 2004. [5] H. Akagi, ―New trends in active filter for power conditioning,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1312–1322, Nov. 1996. K. Rajashekar Chowdary, V.L.Sumanthi, S.Hari, P.Ratnakumar, D.Ashoka	151-159
24.	Effect of Plastic Granules on the Properties of Soil Effect of Plastic Granules on the Properties of Soil Abstract: This work presents a study on the effect of plastic granules on the properties of soil. Utilizing the waste plastic as granules in the soil solves the problem of disposing the waste and it does not show any considerable reduction in the strength of soil. Experiments were done by taking an available weak soil as sample. These tests are conducted on soil with varying percentage of plastic granules and without adding it and comparing those results. Data presented includes dry density, shear strength, CBR value, permeability. The experiment reveals that properties of the soil does not change considerably. The proposed technique can be used as an effective method to dispose the waste plastic. Key words: Dry density, shear strength, permeability. Reference [1] A.K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha and K.S. Gill, A Study On CBR Behavior Of Waste Plastic Strip Reinforced Soil, Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 15 (1), 51-57 (2010). [2] Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu, Laboratory shear strength studies of Soil admixed with Plastic waste, CiSTUP Indian Institute of Science. [3] Mohammad M. Khabiri, The Influence of Waste Carpet on the Structural Soil Characteristics in Pavement Granular Layer, The international journal published by the Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment, 2011, 38 – 48. [4] Pragyan Bhattarai, A. V. A Bharat Kumar, K. Santosh, T. C. Manikanta & K. Tejeswini, Engineering Behavior Of Soil Reinforced With Plastic Strips, International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 2, Jun 2013, 83-88 [5] Megnath Neopaney, Ugyen, Kezang Wangchuk, Sherub Tenzin, Stabilization of Soil by Using Plastic Wastes, International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development, ISSN 2249-6149 Issue 2, Vol.2 (March-2012) Mercy Joseph Poweth,Femeeda Muhammed Haneef, Melvin T Jacob, Remya Krishnan, Sheethal Rajan	160-164
25.	Functional Planning and Design of a Fan Shaped Technical Museum Functional Planning and Design of a Fan Shaped Technical Museum Abstract: The proposed building aims at the development of the built environment. The principal objective of this paper is the functional planning, analysis and design of a fan shaped technical museum. Technical museum is a museum that tells the stories of architecture, engineering and design. The functional planning was done according to the clauses given by Museum Building Design and Exhibition Layout: Patterns of Interactions, ICOM Code of Ethics for Museum, and Key Concepts of Museology. Plan, elevation and section were drawn in AutoCAD 2010. The design involves load calculations and analyzing the whole structure by STAAD.ProV8i. The design methods used in STAAD.ProV8i analysis are limit state design conforming to Indian Standard Code of practice. Also the building was analyzed for all possible load combinations. Key words: Technical museum, Functional Planning, STAAD Analysis, Design Reference [1.] General Lecture Hall Design Guidelines, University of Maryland, Baltimore Country, Revised Draft, August 25, 2000. [2.] LAWA Public Restroom Design Guidelines and Specifications, updated version July 2008. [3.] City of Auckland - District Plan Central Area Section - Operative 2004. [4.] Museum Building Design and Exhibition Layout : Patterns of Interactions. [5.] ICOM Code of Ethics for Museum Dr. Lovely K M	165-167
26.	Optimization of Process Parameters for Convective - Microwave Drying of Ashwagandha Roots Optimization of Process Parameters for Convective - Microwave Drying of Ashwagandha Roots Abstract: Application of microwave for drying of ashwagandha roots was investigated. A laboratory convective - microwave dryer was already developed which had the provision of regulating of air temperature, air velocity and microwave power. Ashwagandha roots of uniform size were used in the drying experiment which were carried out at air temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C, air velocities of 1.0 and 1.5 m/s and microwave power levels of 2, 4 and 6 W/g. CConvective- microwave drying was accomplished till the moisture content of the ashwagandha roots reduced from initial moisture content of 5.06 kg water/kg of dry matter to a safer level of 0.06 kg water/kg of dry matter. The effect of power level increment of convective -microwave drying was reduced the drying time thereby increased the drying rate. The quality attributes of fresh and dehydrated ashwagandha roots were evaluated for colour changes (L, a, b values), total alkaloids content and rehydration ratio. The samples of sun dried ashwagandha roots were obtained and the quality attributes of this sample was compared with products dried by convective -microwave drying technique. The quality of ashwagandha roots dehydrated by convective -microwave drying was found to be superior to the sun drying process. Page model was found to be best fit for convective - microwave drying condition. The process parameters were optimized by using statistical analysis ANOVA for responses with significant model and non significant lack of fit. The optimum operating conditions of ashwagandha roots for power level, velocity and air temperature in convective- microwave drying process were 6 W/g, 1.5 m/s and 50°C, respectively and found a good quality of dehydrated ashwagandha roots. Corresponding to values of process variables i.e. 6 W/g, 1.5 m/s and 50°C, the values of rehydration ratio, total alkaloids content, less ΔE were 4.16, 1.94 % and 5.654, respectively. Key words: Ashwagandha roots; Convective -microwave drying; Rehydration ratio; Total alkaloids content; Colour change Reference [1] Baraiya, B. R., Tiwari, G. and Sonakia, V. K. (2004). Alkaloid concentration in different parts of growing crop of Ashwagandha (Withania somtrifera) at different growth intervals. Department of Plant Physiology, JNKVV, Jabalpur- 48. [2] Govt. of India, (1986). The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Published by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dept. of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy. 1, 15-16. [3] Khraisheh, M. A. M., McMinn, W. A. M., and Magee, T. R. A. (1999). A multiple regression approach to the combine microwave and air drying process. Journal of Food Engineering, 43, 243-250. [4] Maskan, M. (2000). Microwave/air and Microwave finish drying of Banana. Journal of Food Engineering. 44 (2000), 71 -75. [5] Maskan, M. (2001). Kinetics of colour changes of kiwi fruits during hot air and microwave drying. Journal of Food Engineering 48(2), 169-175. A. K Senapati, P. S. Rao, Suresh Prasad	168-189
27.	Thermodynamic Properties for the Simulation of Crude Oil Primary Refining Thermodynamic Properties for the Simulation of Crude Oil Primary Refining Abstract: Commonly, the use of simulators in the industry is performed without having a proper theoretical support. Sometimes this situation is a consequence of both, lack of time and the dairy dynamism required in the refinery industries. Particularly, the application of thermodynamic models is often not properly considered for the specific process under analysis. An undesirable fact can appear, for example, when a wrong properties package is chosen or even more when this selection step is completely ignored. The aim of this article is to prove that the habitual selection of the thermodynamic models is appropriate or not for the primary refining process. For the purpose, two available simulation softwares and thermodynamic models have been analyzed. The research paper focuses on establishing a guide for plant operators with information that has been previously proven, with theoretical support. In particular, for the oil crude atmospheric distillation (Topping), engineers use almost by default the Peng– Robinson thermodynamic package in Aspen Hysys simulator and Chao–Seader in Aspen Plus. Although the use of the thermodynamic property packages involves a whole theoretical support, this is not considered at the time of their election. Key words: Crude oil, Distillation, Simulation, Thermodynamic Properties, Topping.. Reference [1] Carlson E.C. Don't Gamble with Physical Properties for Simulations. Chemical Engineering Progress, Octubre 1996. [2] León Cohen, Diseño y simulación de procesos químicos, (León Cohen Mesonero, 2da Edición Ampliada y modificada. España, 2003). [3] Galen J. Suppes, Selecting thermodynamic models for process simulation of organic VLE and LLE systems. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia. [4] Aspen Hysys V 7.3 Tutorial. AspenTech. [5] AspenPlus V 7.3 Tutorial. AspenTech. [6] E Cidre, P. Freedman, D. Gómez and L. Kichic, Metodología para la selección de correlaciones termodinámicas para el equilibrio de fases aplicada al simulador Hysys, Facultad de Ingeniería UBA, Argentina. Juan Pablo Gutierrez, Leonel Alberto Benítez, Julieta Martínez, Liliana Ale Ruiz, Eleonora Erdmann	190-194
28.	EEG Based Brain Controlled Robot EEG Based Brain Controlled Robot Abstract: This brain controlled robot is based on Brain–computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. With these commands a mobile robot can be controlled. The intention of the project work is to develop a robot that can assist the disabled people in their daily life to do some work independent on others. Reference [1] Lopes da Silva, F., Functional localization of brain sources using EEG and/or MEG data: volume conductor and source models. Magn Reson Imaging, 2004. 22(10): p. 1533-8. [2] Delorme, A. and S. Makeig, EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods, 2004. 134(1): p. 9-21. [3] Benjamini, Y. and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 1995. 57(1): p. 289-300. [4] McKinnon, K.I.M., Convergence of the Nelder-Mead simplex method to a non-stationary point. SIAM J Optimization, 1999. 9: p. 148-158. [5] Andrew T Campbell, Tanzeem Choudhury, Shaohan Hu, Hong Lu, Mashfiqui Rabbi, Rajeev D S Raizada, M. K. M. . (2010). NeuroPhone:Brain-MobilePhone Interface using a Wireless EEG Headset. MobiHeld 2, 3–8. Lavanya Thunuguntla, R Naveen Venkatesh Mohan , P Mounika	195-198
29.	Linear Static Analysis of CFRP Aircraft Wing Linear Static Analysis of CFRP Aircraft Wing Abstract: In the present day scenario, use of carbon fibre composites has been extended to a large number of aircraft components which includes structural and non-structural components. These composite materials can provide a much higher strength to weight ratio and stiffness-to-weight ratio than metals. Wing of the aircraft is one of the crucial components which determine the performance of the aircraft. The systematic and proper analysis of the aircraft wing is of prime importance due to its contribution towards the efficiency of the whole aircraft. In the present study, linear static analysis of the preliminary model of selected CFRP aircraft wing is done to find out the stresses and displacements. Based on the results, a refined model is prepared and analysed. The stresses and displacements of the refined model are found to be within the permissible limits. Also it is found that various components of an aircraft wing can be safely made using CFRP. Key words: Ansys 12, CFRP, finite element modelling, linear static analysis, von Mises stress. Reference [1]. C.Soutis,Fibre Reinforced Composites in aircraft construction,(Progress in Aerospace sciences 41,2005) [2]. A.Y. Abaid, Study and Determination of the Stress Regions in Aircraft Wings, M.Sc Thesis, Military College of Engineering, Baghdad, 2001. [3]. Daniel P Raymer, Aircraft Design-A Conceptual Approach, AIAA Education Series, 2003. [4]. Dr. M. Neubauer, G. Günther, Aircraft Loads, RTO AVT Lecture Series, 2000,pp 1-4,15-17. [5]. Sanya Maria Gomez, Numerical Analysis of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Aircraft Wing, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp 648-651 Dr. Alice Mathai, Amrutha P Kurian, Bia Jacob, Nisha Mary K, Treesa Rani Baby	199-202
30.	An Insight into the Selection of Nano Particle for Removing Contaminants in Waste Water An Insight into the Selection of Nano Particle for Removing Contaminants in Waste Water Abstract: Waste water treatment is a major challenge in automobile industries and manufacturing sectors. In past few decades, research in waste water treatment has gained significant importance. Feasibility of nanoparticles for removing impurities is explored. However the major challenge lies in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. But with the advancements in nanotechnology, non-hazardous nanoparticles of size less than 10nm can be synthesized and morphological characteristics can also be successfully studied. Owing to their extremely smaller size, good absorption characteristics, better chemical reactivity, large surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles are highly suitable for removing metal/non-metal, organic/inorganic contaminants from water. This paper provides an extensive literature survey on the suitability of various nanoparticles for waste water treatment Key words: Water treatment, nanoparticles, adsorption, contaminants Reference [1] Wassana Yantasee, Cynthia L. Warner , Thanapon Sangvanich, R. Shane Addleman , Timothy G . Carter, Robert J. Wiacek, Glen E. Fryxell , Charles Timchalk , Marvin G. Warner, Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Systems with Thiol Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles, Environ . Sci . Technol . , 2007, 41 (14), pp 5114–5119. [2] R. Khaydarov, R. Khaydarov, O. Gapurova, Application of Carbon Nanoparticles for Water Treatment, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security 2010, pp 253-258 [3] Cynthia L. Warner, R.Shane Addleman, Anthony D. Cinson, Timothy C. Droubay, Mark H. Engelhard, Michael A. Nash, Wassana Yantasee, Marvin G. Warner. High Performance, Super paramagnetic, Nanoparticle-Based Heavy Metal Sorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Natural Waters. 2010, pp 1–10 [4] Talia E. Abbott Chalew, Gaurav S. Ajmani, Haiou Huang, Kellogg J. Schwab, Evaluating Nanoparticle Breakthrough during Drinking Water Treatment. Environmental Health Perspectives volume 121(2013), pp1161-1166 [5] Amirhosein Ramazanpour Esfahani, Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi, Gholamabbas Sayyad, Alireza Kiasat, Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Polyacrylic acid-Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(9):,2013,548-555 Pandipriya J, Praveena E, Reenu Mary Kuriakose, Suganiya, Jegan Antony Marcilin, Magthelin Therese, Nandhitha N.M.	203-208
31.	Clustering Large Databases Using Gmm Clustering Large Databases Using Gmm Abstract: Innovation of such clusters of data is essential in illuminating main links in categorical data regulatory networks. There are lot of problems exists in the previous clustering methods especially while grouping the data with mixed data types. This experiment analyzes those existing methods and comes with the new approach for clustering the mixed data items. There are many methods occur for clustering the parallel kind of data, whereas only very few methods exists for clustering mixed data items and it leads to the need of better clustering technique for classification of mixed data. For investigative data, the clustering with the help of Gaussian mixture models is widely used. Key words: Clustering methods, High dimensional data, K-means clustering, GMM, Adult data set, Categorical data Reference [1] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro,Psmthy… - citeulike.org. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. AAAI Press, Menlo Park:CA, 1996. [2] Hari Prasad, D and M. Punithavilli, 2010a. A review on data clustering algorithms for mixed data. Global J. Comput. Sci. Technol., 10: 43-48. [3] K. Beyer, J. Goldstein, R. Ramakrishnan, and U. Shaft. When is nearest neighbors meaningful. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. Database Theories, pages 217–235, 1999. [4] Reddy, M.V.J. and B. Kavitha, 2010. Efficient ensemble algorithm for mixed numeric and categorical data. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, Dec. 28-29, IEEE Xplore Press, Coimbatore, pp: 1-4. DOI: 10.1109/ICCIC.2010.5705738. [5] Huang, Z. (1998). Extensions to the K-means Algorithm for Clustering Large Datasets with Categorical Values. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2, p. 283-304 (Publitemid 128695480) Dr. C. Chandrasekar, M. Srisankar	209-211
32.	Image Classifying Registration for Gaussian & Bayesian Techniques: A Review Image Classifying Registration for Gaussian & Bayesian Techniques: A Review Abstract: A Bayesian Technique for Image Classifying Registration to perform simultaneously image registration and pixel classification. Medical image registration is critical for the fusion of complementary information about patient anatomy and physiology, for the longitudinal study of a human organ over time and the monitoring of disease development or treatment effect, for the statistical analysis of a population variation in comparison to a so-called digital atlas, for image-guided therapy, etc. A Bayesian Technique for Image Classifying Registration is well-suited to deal with image pairs that contain two classes of pixels with different inter-image intensity relationships. We will show through different experiments that the model can be applied in many different ways. For instance if the class map is known, then it can be used for template-based segmentation. If the full model is used, then it can be applied to lesion detection by image comparison. Experiments have been conducted on both real and simulated data. It show that in the presence of an extra-class, the classifying registration improves both the registration and the detection, especially when the deformations are small. The proposed model is defined using only two classes but it is straightforward to extend it to an arbitrary number of classes. Key words: Bayesian; medical product development; survey; Image registration. Reference [1] T. Ma, M. Hempel, D. Peng, and H. Sharif, "A survey of energyefficient compression and communication techniques for multimedia in resource constrained systems," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. PP, 2012, pp. 1-10. [2] S. Ehsan and B. Hamdaoui, "A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 14, 2012, pp. 265-278. [3] S. Subashini and V. Kavitha, "A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloudcomputing", Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 34(1), 2011, pp 1-11. [4] B. Ridong, "Topological optimization based on small world network model in wireless sensor network," in 2011 2nd InternationalConference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation (ICCIA), 2011, pp. 254-257. [5] X. Jiu-qiang, W. Hong-chuan, L. Feng-gao, W. Ping, and H. Zhenpeng, "Study on WSN topology division and lifetime," in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), 2011, pp. 380-384. Rahul Godghate, Supratim Saha	212-215
33.	Meetei Mayek Unicode Modeling Using Swarm Intelligence and Neural Networks Meetei Mayek Unicode Modeling Using Swarm Intelligence and Neural Networks Abstract: The Different techniques have evolved for better optical character recognition for many scripts, yet very little literature has been found for Meetei Mayek script. The current paper exhibits a new approach to model and simulate handwritten Meetei mayek script by using advanced segmentation tools and recognition algorithms. Preprocessing of the acquired images is needed before segmentation and recognition steps; segmentation is done by using PSOFCM segmentation, while multilayer feed forward neural network with back propagation learning is used for the recognition purpose. It may be noted that PSOFCM segmentation proved useful for MRI image processing in our previous paper, the same technique is used for enhancing the characters. The detailed procedures along with the results are discussed in the sections shown below Key words: Meetei Mayek script, recognition, Preprocessing, PSOFCM segmentation, Neural network Reference [1] Romesh Laishram, Wahengbam Kanan Kumar,Anshuman Gupta, Khairnar Vinayak Prakash,"A novel MRI edge detection using PSOFCM segmentation and canny algorithm",Proc. IEEE sponsored International conference on Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and ComputingTechnologies(ICESC),2014,pp.398-401,2014, [2] Romesh Laishram, W.Kanan Kumar Singh, N.Ajit Kumar, Robndro K.,S. Jimriff "MRI Brain Edge Detection Using GAFCM Segmentation and Canny Algorithm", International Journal of Advances in Electronics Engineering – IJAEE,volume 2 - Issue 3, ISSN:- 2278-215X, pp. 168-171,December 8,2012 [3] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, "Digital Image Processing", Pearson Education, Second Edition, ISBN 81-7758-168-6, 2005 [4] Amit Konar, "Computational Intelligence Principles, Techniques Techniques and Applications", Springer edition , ISBN 3-540-20898-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York [5] Wangkhemcha Chingtamlen , A short history of Kangleipak (Manipur) part-II, Kangleipak Historical & Cultural Research Centre, Sagolband Thangjam Leirak,Imphal,2007 Wahengbam Kanan Kumar, Chetan Das Gupta, Jyoti Bordoloi, Yogesh Kumar Sharma	216-224
34.	Thinning of Elliptical Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithm Thinning of Elliptical Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithm Abstract: Design of thinned elliptical antenna array using Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization is presented in this paper. The antennas are assumed to be isotropic and are uniformly excited. Thinned arrays produces narrow directive beam without causing major degradation of fully populated antenna arrays. Thinning of elliptical antenna arrays using GA are optimized with different values of eccentricity and the variation of side-lobe level (SLL) with eccentricity is reported. Using GA optimization, reduction of SLL can be obtained by varying the value of eccentricity of elliptic arrays arrangement. Key words: Elliptical antenna arrays, genetic algorithm, side-lobe level, thinning. Reference [1] A. S. Zare, " Elliptical antenna array pattern synthesis with fixed side lobe level and suitable main beam beam-widthby Genetic algorithm", Majlesi Journal of Telecommunications Devices Vol. 1, No. 4, pp-113-120, December 2012. [2] A. A. Lotfi, M. Ghiamy, M.N. Moghaddasi, R. A. Sadeghzadeh, "An Investigation of Hybrid Elliptical Arrays, Iranian Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2,pp-98-106, Summer-Fall 2008. [3] R. L. Haupt, "Thinned Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol.42, no. 7, pp. 993-999, 1994. [4] S. J. Blank and M. F. Hutt, "On the Empirical Optimization of Antenna Arrays," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 47, issue 2, pp. 58-67, April 2005. [5] W.P.M. N Keizer, "Synthesis of Thinned Planar Circular and Square Arrays using Density Tapering", IEEE Transaction on Antenna and Propagation, issue 99, pp-1-8, 2013. Priyanka Das, Jibendu Sekhar Roy	225-229
35.	Carry Select Adder Circuit with A Successively Incremented Carry Number Block Carry Select Adder Circuit with A Successively Incremented Carry Number Block Abstract: This paper reports a conditional carry select (CCS) adder circuit with a successively-incremented-carry-number block (SICNB) structure for low-voltage VLSI implementation. Owing to the successively-incremented-carry-number block (SICNB) structure, the new 16-bit SICNB CCS adder provides a 37% faster speed as compared to the conventional conditional Carry select adder based on the SPICE results Key words: Carry Select Adder, SICNB Carry Select Adder, PTBCS Circuit. Reference [1] M. Suzuki, N. Ohkubo, T. Shinbo, T. Yamanaka, A. Shimizu, K. Sakai, and Y. Nakagome, ―A 1.5-ns 32-b CMOS ALU in double pass-transistor logic,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 28, pp. 1145–1150, Nov. 1993. [2] N. Ohkubo, M. Suzuki, T. Shinbo, T. Yamanaka, A. Shimizu, K. Sakai, and Y. Nakagome, ―A 4.4ns CMOS 54 _ 54-b multiplier using pass-transistor multiplexer,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, pp. 251–256, Mar. 1995. [3] C. C. Hung, J. H. Lou, and J. B. Kuo, ―A CMOS quasistatic Manchester- like carry-look-ahead circuit,‖ in Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits, [4] J. B. Kuo and J. H. Lou, Eds. New York: WileyJ. B. Kuo and J. H. Lou, Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits. New York, NY: Wiley, 1999. [5] Hwang and A. L. Fisher, ―Ultrafast compact 32-bit CMOS adders in multiple-output domino logic,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 24, pp. 358–369, Apr. 1989. Carry Number Block Deepak, Bal Krishan	230-235
36.	The LFSR Based SLM Technique with Clipping for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems The LFSR Based SLM Technique with Clipping for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a widely accepted technology in wireless communication. High peak-to-average power ratio is the main disadvantage in OFDM systems. Selected Mapping is an efficient technique to reduce PAPR. But it requires transmission of side information for the recovery of data. And this affects the bandwidth efficiency and data rate of OFDM systems. The Linear Feedback Shift Register based Selected Mapping technique finds solution for this limitation. The LFSR based SLM technique does not require the explicit transmission of side information. And the LFSR based SLM with clipping results in further reduction in PAPR. Key words: OFDM, PAPR, SLM, PTS, HPA, ADC, DAC, CCDF Reference [1] Byung Moo Lee, Youngok Kim, and Rui J.P de Figueiredo, Performance Analysis of The Clipping Scheme with SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals in Fading Channels, Wireless Personnel Communication, 2010,331-344. [2] Seung Hee Han, Jae Hong Lee, An Overview of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for Multicarrier Transmission, IEEE Wireless Communications, 2005, 56-65. [3] Byung Moo Lee, Youngok Kim, An Adaptive Clipping And Filtering Technique for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals, Circuits Syst. Signal Process., 2012, 1335–1349. [4] Tao Jiang, Yiyan Wu, An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM signals, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 54, 2008, 257-268. [5] Jing gao, Jinkuan Wang, Xin Song, and Bin Wang, PAPR Reduction With Low Computational Complexity For OFDM Systems, Physics Procedia, 2012, 1401 – 1407. Anusha Chacko, J. Jeevitha, Merin Elsa Mathew, Reethu. K	236-240
37.	Emulsion and it's Applications in Food Processing – A Review Emulsion and it's Applications in Food Processing – A Review Abstract: An emulsion is a heterogeneous system consisting of atleast one immiscible liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets. Emulsions are classified based on the nature of the emulsifier or the structure of the system. The range of droplets size for each type of emulsion is quite arbitrary. Macro emulsions are the most common form of emulsions used in food industries than nano and micro emulsions. There are several methods are possible and a wide range of equipments are available for emulsion formations. These methods include shaking, stirring and injection, and the use of colloid mills, homogenizers and ultrasonics. The unique nature of emulsions with a narrow size distribution of different sized droplets has number of applications in food industries including bakery products, dairy, candy products, meat products and beverages. Still most applications are waiting for commercial exploitation. Key words: Applications, Colloid mills, Emulsions, Homogenizers, Ulrasonics. Reference [1] Becher, P. . Emulsions: Theory and Practice. ACS Monograph No. 135. Rheinhold, New York, 1957 [2] Friberg, S., Mandell, L and Larsson, M . Mesomorphous phases, a factor of importance for the properties of emulsions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 29:155, 1969. [3] IUPAC. Manual on Colloid and Surface Science. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Butterworths, London, 1972. [4] Sharma, M. K. and Shah, D. O. . Introduction to macro- and microemulsions. In: Macro- and Microemulsions: Theory and Practice, Shah, D. O. (Ed.). ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C, 1985 [5] Waginaire, L. Place of lipids as emulsifiers in the future. Ocl-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 44:271. 1997 Adheeb Usaid A.S, Premkumar.J and T.V.Ranganathan	241-248
38.	Design and Development of Voice/Telie Operated Intelligent Mobile Robot Design and Development of Voice/Telie Operated Intelligent Mobile Robot Abstract: The concept of mobility, communication skills and sensing of environmental obstructions for collision avoidance have led to the development of more sophisticated machines with improved effectiveness, higher quality, reduced manpower, greater efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness for several applications. The present submission intends to focus on three major design aspects of an intelligent vehicle such as its operation under control of IR transreceivers for improved maneuverability, tele-operation to enable remote driving in harsh and otherwise adverse situations, IR proximity sensors to provide sufficient situational awareness for collision avoidance and also on the voice commanded operations particularly for use in rehabilitation engineering. A set of codes corresponding to each operation including the opening and closing of the grippers for holding the objects are generated from the keypad and transmitted. These transmitted codes are intercepted by a FM radio receiver mounted on the vehicle, for processing by the supervisory control for required operation to be performed. The idea of proximity sensing is based on the principle of transmitting modulated IR rays from an IR LED and on applying the reflected signal from the surrounding objects to a high precision PLL based tone decoder circuitry for further processing. The voice command operation through a language independent but speaker dependent speech recognition system is performed by generating and transmitting coded signal each corresponds to one particular operation which are picked up by the same FM radio receiver for required operation. A speech synthesizer for better interaction with the users has also been incorporated. Reference [1] B. L Jones, Elements of Industrial Robotics, Pitman, 1987, [2] T.B Martin, "Practical Application of Voice Input To Machines", Proc. IEEE, 64(4), pp. 487-501, 1976. [3] H.R. Everett, Sensors for Mobile Robots Theory and Application, A K Peters, Ltd., 1995. [4] Abdul Mobin, S. S Agrawal and K. D Pavate, "Automatic Recognition and Synthesis of Spoken Words using Acoustic Information", Jour.AS1, Vol. XV, No.3, pp. 87-101, 1987. Ms. Dipti Damodar Patil, Prof. U. A. Rane	249-252
39.	Qscilloscope: A Pc-Based Real Time Oscilloscope Qscilloscope: A Pc-Based Real Time Oscilloscope Abstract: The scenery of this paper is to design a PC- based Real Time Oscilloscope, called "Qscilloscope". Qscilloscope is capable to connect a computer with a small device via universal serial bus (USB) port for voltage signal waveform display and alteration. It detects maximum +20V to minimum -20V with the input frequency range from 0.1Hz - 1 kHz. Furthermore, it interfaces with host PC via the USB port from 9.6k to 115.2k baud rate. Qscilloscope Software Application is constructed by using Visual Basic .Net for user to interface the device with a well designed Graphic User Interface. It consists of several embedded features such as open, save and print waveform. By changing the scaling properties and graphic properties, users are allowed to modify the input signal to a desired output waveform. Key words: Analog Front End module, ARM Cortex M0 processor, LCD Display with touch panel, power supply. Reference [1] Tektronix 2445B 150 MHz 4 Channel. [Online].Techrecovery. Oscilloscopehttp://www.techrecovery.com/ccp245-tektronix-2445b- 150mhz-4-channel-oscilloscope-2445b-1477.htm. [2] HP/Agilent DSO80404B 4GHz 4CH 40GSa/s Infiniium Oscilloscope. [Online]. MetricTest. http://www.metrictest.com/product_info.jsp?mfgmdl=HP%20DSO804 04B (N) [3] PC Oscilloscope and Data Acquisition Products. [Online]. Pico Technology. http://www.drdaq.com/low-cost-oscilloscopes.html. [4] Colin K McCord. (2005, October 1). Low cost PC-based quad channel real-time/ storage oscilloscope. [Online]. http://www.cmccord.co.uk/FYP/index.htm.. [5] Bojan Banko. (2004, August 16). Turn your PC into a free oscilloscope. [Online]. LPTscope.http://www.geocities.com/LPTScope/index.html. Ms. Dhanshri Damodar Patil, Prof. V. M. Umale	253-258
40.	Design And Analysis Of Artificial Neural Network Based Controller For Speed Control Of Induction Motor Using D T C Design And Analysis Of Artificial Neural Network Based Controller For Speed Control Of Induction Motor Using D T C Abstract: This paper presents an improved version of direct torque control (DTC) based on Artificial Neural Network technique used for flux position estimation and sector selection. This controller mainly reduces the torque and flux ripples. Direct torque control of induction motor drive has quick torque response without complex orientation transformation and inner loop current control. The major problem associated with DTC drive is the high torque ripples. The important point in ANN based DTC is the right selection of voltage vector. This project presents simple structured neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection for induction motor. The Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation technique has been used to train the neural networks. The simple structure network facilitates a short training and processing times. The neural network based controller is found to be a very useful technique to obtain high performance speed control. Key words: Artificial neural network (ANN) technique, direct torque control (DTC), field orientated control (FOC). Reference [1] Bose B.K. "Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004. [2] P.Krishnan. "Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis, and Control", Pearson Education, First Indian Reprint, 2003. [3] Theodorewildi "Electrical machines, drives and power systems" , 6th edition 2008 [4] I. Takahashi and T. Noguchi, "A New quick-response and high-efficiency control strategy of induction motor," IEEE Trans. Ind. septmember.,vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 820–827, 1986 [5] Takahashi and Y. Ohmori, "High-performance direct torque control ofinduction motor," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 257–264,1989 Kusuma Gottapu, U.Santosh Kiran, U.Srikanth Raju, P.Nagasai, S.Prasad, P.Tejeswara Rao	259-264
41.	Operational Augmentation of Forced Circulation Type Solar Dryer System Using CFD Analysis Operational Augmentation of Forced Circulation Type Solar Dryer System Using CFD Analysis Abstract: Solar drying is basically heat and mass transfer process in which the liquid water from the surface and the vapour removed by draft. The efficiency of a solar drying system is affected by the properties of drying materials.e.g. size, shape and geometry as well as ambient conditions. In this research article, the authors have done the CFD analysis of a Forced Circulation type Solar Dryer used conventionally for dehydrating vegetables and fruits. Using CFD analysis, the limiting values of pressure and velocity could be obtained using which the modifications can be implemented in the existing system in order to gain operational augmentation. Later on, the validation of the simulated results was achieved by associating them with the experimental outcomes. Key words: CFD Analysis, Drying chamber, Forced Circulation, Pressure-drop analysis, Solar Dryer Reference [1] J. Banout, P. Ehl, J. Havlik, B. Lojka, Z. Polesny, V. Verner, Design and performance evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for drying of red chilli, Solar Energy, 85(3), March 2011, 506-515. [2] A. O. Fagunwa, O. A. Koya and M.O. Faborode. Development of an Intermittent Solar Dryer for Cocoa Beans. Agriculture Engg. International: CIGR E Journal, Manuscript number 1292, volume-XI, July 2009, 1-14. [3] S P Sukhatme and J K Nayak, Solar Energy: Principles of thermal collection and storage, 3rd Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2008). [4] W. A. Beckman and J. A. Duffie, Solar engineering of thermal process, 4th Edition (Wiley, April 2013) Ch 8, 373-408. [5] G. V. Patel, Design and Development of Aseptic Housing using CFD Analysis, Charotar Institute of Technology, Changa, 2009. Atul Patel, Gaurav Patel	265-268
42.	Project Manager 'Management Competency' vs. 'Technical Competency'. Which is more important to overall project management success? Project Manager 'Management Competency' vs. 'Technical Competency'. Which is more important to overall project management success? Abstract: Project managers apply multiple skills and competencies in the course of successfully delivering projects. Management and technical competencies represent two major competency categories associated with project management. In this study, the relationship between management and technical competency was investigated and a weak, yet positive correlation was observed as an outcome of this quantitative study. Key words: Project Success, Project Managers, Project Management Competencies Reference [1] Nellore, R., & Blachandra, R. (2001). "Factors influencing success in integrated product development (IPD) projects." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 48(2), pp. 164-176. [2] Pressman, R. (1998). "Fear of trying: the plight of rookie project managers." IEEE Engineering Management Review, 26(4), pp. 18-20. [3] Lampel, J. (2001). The core competencies of effective project execution: the challenge of diversity. International Journal of Project Management, 19(8), 471-483. [4] Kerzner, H. (2000). Applied project management: best practices on implementation. New York: NY. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [5] Larson, E., & Gray, Clifford. (2011). Project management the managerial approach. (5th ed.) New York: NY. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Barry Jon Bauer, Tracey M. Richardson, James W. Marion	269-273
43.	Haarwavelet and Its Application for Problem Solving In Optimal Control System Haarwavelet and Its Application for Problem Solving In Optimal Control System Abstract: The aim of this project is to analyze and analytical solution of different optimal control problems are difficult to obtain because they involve differential equations with single or multiple boundary conditions. In this dissertation, numerical methods using Haar Wavelet a represented to overcome this difficulty. The method reduces the differential equations into a set of line a matrix algebraic equation. The nice properties of Haar Wavelet like compact support in time and multi resolution are shown to reduce the computational complexity to a great extent. The presented method is applied to achieve the optimal control for time varying and time invariant performance indices. Key words: Haar wavelet, Short-time Fourier transform, optimization theory, variation problem. Reference [1] E. Polak, Computational Methods in Optimization, Academic Press, New York,1971. [2] E. Bryson and Y. Ho, Applied Optimal Control, Hemisphere Publishing Corp.(revised printing), 1975. [3] O. Stryk and R. Bulirsch, "Direct and indirect methods for trajectory optimization,"Annalsof Operations Research 37 pp. 357-373, 1992. [4] H. J. Pesch, "Real-time computation of feedback controls for constrained optimal control problems. Part I: Neighbouringextremals," Optimal Control Applications and Methods 10 pp. 129-145, 1989. [5] D. J. Mook and J. Lew, "Multiple shooting algorithms for jump-discontinuous problems in optimal control and estimation," IEEE Trans. Autom. Ctnrl 36(8) pp.979-983, 1991. Mr. Praveen Kumar Sahu, Dr. Anup Mishra	274-279
44.	Design of DC-3.4GHz Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier with Parasitic Parameters of FET Design of DC-3.4GHz Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier with Parasitic Parameters of FET Abstract: This paper presents two low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit topologies for ultra-wideband wireless communications in 0.13μm PHEMT GaAs technology. They are with source inductive degeneration and source grounded, respectively. The simulation results show that the LNA involving source inductor possesses good performances at 120MHz-3GHz. Its noise figure(NF) and voltage standing wave ratios(VSWRs) are less than 1.173dB and 2, respectively, while the maximum gain of 12.75dB is achieved with 0.63dB flatness. In contrast, the other LNA provides a decreasing gain varying between 10.992dB and 11.964B in a wider frequency range of DC-3.4GHz. NF and VSWRs are better than 1.287dB and 2, respectively. Key words: Low Noise Amplifier, Resistive Feedback, Source Inductive Degeneration Reference [1] M. Battista, J. Gaubert, A. Fanei, Y. Bachelet, M. Egels, P. Pannier, S. Bourdel, H. Barthélémy, and G. Bas, Design and implementation of ultra-wide-band CMOS LC filter LNA for carrier less impulse radio receivers, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 65(3), 379- 388. [2] S. Andersson, Multiband LNA Design and RF-Sampling Front-Ends for Flexible Wireless Receivers, master diss., Linköping University, Sweden, 2006. [3] B. M. Liu, C. H. Wang, M. L. Ma, and S. Q. Guo, An ultra-low-voltage and ultra-lowpower 2.4GHz LNA design, Radioengineering, 18(4), 2009, 527. [4] R. C. Liu, C. R. Lee, H. Wang, and C. K. Wang, A 5.8GHz two-stage high-linearity low voltage low noise amplifier in a 0.35μm CMOS Technology, Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Symposium, Seattle, WA, USA, 2002, 221-224. [5] A. P. Adsul and S. K. Bodhe, Performance Evaluation of Different LNA's having Noise Cancellation and Phase Linearity Characteristics for IR-UWB Systems, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(6), 2011-2012, 419-428. Yinhua Yao, Tongxiu Fan	280-284
45.	A Web Service Based Design to Integrate a Web Portal and an ERP System A Web Service Based Design to Integrate a Web Portal and an ERP System Abstract: Today the ability to seamlessly exchange information between internal business processes, customers, and partners is vital for success. The organizations employ a variety of disparate applications that store and exchange data in dissimilar ways and therefore cannot "talk" to one another productively. Web services have evolved as a practical, cost-effective, deployment environment to realize dynamic and interoperable data integration between critical applications over operating system, platform, and language barriers that were previously impossible. This paper describes a service-oriented approach for the integration of a Web Portal and ERP application. We present a system architecture based on Web Service oriented framework in which both the applications are loosely connected through software components. Key words: ERP,SOA, SOAP, VERP, VIOLA, UDDI, Web Portal,WSDL Reference [1] http://www.eaipatterns.com/Chapter1.html [2] Enterprise Data Integration, Maximizing the Business Value of Your Enterprise Data -http://www.integralsolutions.pl/is/images/artykuly/enterprise_data_integration.pdf [3] http://www.dadbm.com/2011/11/enterprise-data-integration-issues-due-to-software-complexity/ [4] http://www.roseindia.net/webservices/webservices.shtml [5] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/w-ovr/ Mr. Manishkumar R. Solanki, Ms. Seema Shah	285-288
46.	Analysis & Design of Low Power CMOS Comparator at 90nm Technology Analysis & Design of Low Power CMOS Comparator at 90nm Technology Abstract: High speed and low power comparators are the essential building blocks of high speed Analog to digital converters (ADCs). This paper provides a comprehensive review about a variety of comparator designs - in terms of performance, power and delay. Preamplifier dynamic latch circuit that consists of a preamplifier followed by a double regenerative dynamic latch, this preamplifier uses fully differential circuit which decreases the effects of offset voltage error due to device mismatch. Buffered dynamic latch circuit includes a basic dynamic latch comparator followed by an inverter buffer stage. The inverter buffers are added to isolate the comparator output and large node capacitance also used to minimize the offset errors. Comparators are designed and simulated their Transient responses in Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment using GPDK 90nm technology. Reference [1] Sougata Ghosh, Samraat Sharma, "Design of A Novel High Speed Dynamic Comparator with Low Power Dissipation for High Speed ADCs", International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering, Vol. 2, Number 1, pp. 411-426. [2] Raghava Garipelly, "High Speed CMOS Comparator Design with 5mV Resolution" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Vol. 4, Issue4- April 2013. [3] Smriti Shubhanand, Dr. H.P. Shukla, "Design and Simulation of a High Speed CMOS Comparator", International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol. 6, Number 1 (2013), pp. 75-80. [4] Heungjun Jeon and Yong-Bin Kim, "A Novel Low-Power, Low-Offset and High- Speed CMOS Dynamic Latched Comparator", IEEE, 2010. [5] Senthil Sivakumar M, Banupriya M, " High Speed Low Power Flash ADC Design for Ultra Wide Band Applications" , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 3, Issue 5, May- 2012 , pp.290-295. Shruti Hathwalia	289-292
47.	The Effect of Oatmeal And The Mucilage From The Nopal Cactus In The Production of Lactic Acid In Sourdough The Effect of Oatmeal And The Mucilage From The Nopal Cactus In The Production of Lactic Acid In Sourdough Abstract: The use of sourdough process as a form of leavening is one of the oldest biotechnological processes in food production and has been used for thousands of years to improve flavor, texture and microbiological shelf life of bread. Its main function is to leaven the dough to produce a more gaseous dough piece and much more aerated bread. In Europe, cereal fermentations are mainly applied to the brewing industry, providing sourmashes, and to baking, in which sourdough plays an important role in the preparation of bread dough to improved dough machinability and bread crumb structure, keeping properties and flavor. The mixture modification has influence upon the production of lactic acid, in which the sourdough added with oat fiber to 24 h was of 634.59 mg•100 g-1 of dough (316.80 % in relation to control sample). On the other hand, nopal mucilage to 48 h, the lactate production went from 481.35 mg•100 g-1 of dough (414.20 % in relation to control sample), which depends on the kind of sold off mixture. Key words: dough, fermentation, lactobacilli, lactic acid, sourdough Reference [1] Alireza, S. (2008). The secrets of sourdough: A review of miraculous potentials of sourdough in breads shelf life. Biotechnology, 7, 413-417. [2] Vuyst, L. y. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Food Science y Technology, 16, 43-46. [3] Lacaze G., W. M. (2007). Emerging fermentation technologies: Development of novel sourdoughs. Food Microbiology, 24, 155–160. [4] Zotta, T. R. (2007). Enzymatic activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Cornetto di Matera sourdoughs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 115, 165–172. [5] Sudha M.L., Vetrimani. R., Leelavathi K. (2007). Influence of fibre from different cereals on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough and on biscuit quality. Food Chemistry, 100, 1365–1370. Héctor Flores-Chávez, Julio Montañez-Saenz and María Reyes-Vega	293-299
48.	Baking Process in Oven and Microwave-oven in Sourdough Enriched with Chickpeas and Dietary Fiber of Prickly pear and Oats Baking Process in Oven and Microwave-oven in Sourdough Enriched with Chickpeas and Dietary Fiber of Prickly pear and Oats Abstract: The bread is a basic article dating from the Neolithic era, where it was baked in ovens outside. The first bread was prepared around the year 10.000 b. C. or what is 12.000 years in the past, where should be discovered by experiment with water and flour grains. This first bread was prepared on the basis of toasted seeds and water. The dough was formed and then warmed up on rocks. It was a kind of cake that, without a doubt, was welcomed by the first settlers of the land. The sample added whit oat an increase of crust in 21.25 to 49.25 % compared to the base. On the other hand, samples added whit prickle pear increase relative was 32.25 %. The combined treatment (Microwave (MW) –convection oven), the best result is the samples with fiber oats, increased more than the negative control (51 to 63 % of difference); besides the employment of mucilage of prickle pear provides a green color to the final product. Key words: baking bread, dietary fiber, microwave, oatmeal, prickle pear Reference [1] Cho, H., y Peterson, D. G. (2010). Chemistry of bread aroma: A Review. Food Science and Biotechnology, 19, 575-582. [2] Hernández, G., y Majem, S. (2010). Libro blanco del pan. España: Panamericana. [3] Banooni, S., Hosseinalipour, S., Mujumdar, A., Taheran, E., y Mashaiekhi, M. (2008). Impingement heat transfer effects on baking of flat bread. Drying Technology, 26, 910-919. [4] Sablani, S., Marcotte, M., Baik, O., y Castaigne, F. (1998). Modeling of simultaneous heat and water transport in the baking process. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 31, 201-209. [5] Palav, T., y Seetharaman, K. (2007). Impact of microwave heating on the physico-chemical propieties of a starch-water model system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, 596-604. Héctor Flores-Chávez, Julio Montañez-Saenz, María Reyes-Vega and Heliodoro de la Garza-Toledo	300-305
49.	A New Proposed Modification on the BDND Filtering Algorithm for the Removal of High Density Impulse Noise A New Proposed Modification on the BDND Filtering Algorithm for the Removal of High Density Impulse Noise Abstract: The standard median filter is one of the most popular filters for removing impulse noise. The main effectiveness of this median filter is result in degradation of image quality. BDND filtering is an one of the important filtering algorithm which remove high density impulse noise (up to 90%). But some issues related to this algorithm which degrades its performance. To avoid this issues there are two modifications in this algorithm which improve image quality and improve the performance of the BDND algorithm. Key words: Impulse noise, median filter, noise detection, switching median filters. Reference [1] R.A.Hadded and H.Hwang(1995) , ―Adaptive median filter: New algorithms and results,‖ IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 4, no.4, pp. 499–502, Apr. 1995. [2] Kenny Kal Vin Toh, and Nor Ashidi Mat Isa(2010),‖ Noise Adaptive Fuzzy Switching Median Filter for Salt-and-Pepper Noise Reduction‖, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 17, no. 3,, March 2010. [3] Krishnan Nallaperumal, Justin Varghese, S.Saudia, Santhosh.P.Mathew, K.Krishnaveni, and S.Annam(2006), StudentMember, ―Adaptive Rank-ordered Switching Median Filter for Salt & Pepper Impulse Noise Reduction‖, 2006 IEEE. [4] Madhu S. Nair, K. Revathy, and RaoTatavarti(2008),‖ Removal of Salt-and Pepper Noise in Images: A New Decision-Based Algorithm‖ Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2008 VolIIMECS 2008, 19-21 March, 2008. [5] RemziOten, Member, IEEE, and Rui J. P. de Figueiredo, Life Fellow(2004), IEEE,‖ Adaptive Alpha-Trimmed Mean Filters Under Deviations From Assumed Noise Model‖ IEEE Trans. Image Process, vol. 13, no. 5, May 2004. S. Shalimettilsha, R. P. Anto Kumar	306-308
50.	Framework to Analyse Automotive Interiors with a Focus on Ergonomics Framework to Analyse Automotive Interiors with a Focus on Ergonomic Abstract: The small car market in India is increasing by leaps and bounds. The market for small cars now occupies a substantial share of around 70% of the annual car production in India of about one million. The main players in the car market like Tata Motors, Maruti Udyog and Hyundai etc. are fiercely competitive and are trying to outdo each other in terms of design and technology. However, ultimately the focus of a manufacturer is providing customer satisfaction which is driven by comfort and ease of use. Automotive ergonomics is the study of how automotive can be designed better for human use. The human factor aspect of designing automobiles is first considered at the Vehicle Packaging stage. The term Vehicle Packaging comes to use whenever a new model is in the early stage of study. It is a method to safeguard and protect space for the human user and necessary components that make up the vehicle being designed. The improvement in the vehicle ergonomics requires a basic understanding of the problems that arise due to the conventional automotive interior design. Key words: vehicle packaging, automotive ergonomics, car. Reference [1] SAE J1100 (Rev Jun 1998). Motor Vehicle Dimensions. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA. [2] SAE J287 (Reaf. Jun 1988). Driver Hand Control Reach. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA. [3] SAE J1516 (Reaf. Dec 1998). Accommodation Tool Reference Point. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA. [4] SAE J1517 (Reaf. Dec 1998). Driver Selected Seat Position. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, USA. [5] Dempster, W.T. (1955). Space requirements of the seated operator: Geometrical, kinematic, and mechanical aspects of the body with special reference to the limbs. WADC Technical Report 55-159. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Wright Air Development Center. Kajaria Nikhil, Mohan Nishith, Gulati Navgun, Beriya Aman, Narahari N. S	309-315
51.	Supply Chain Challenges among BRICS Countries Supply Chain Challenges among BRICS Countries Abstract: Supply chain management encompasses the routing and scheduling of inventory maneuver to desired allocation in an economic mode for satisfying the all end-users by prompt connectivity and communication between the links of supply chain. In this article efforts have been made to explore the series of challenges in BRICS countries in supply chain connectivity to achieve the revolution of coined word, which is "Broad vision and shared prosperity, also security and prosperity" this paper exposes the impacting key constraints on economic and smooth supply chain execution country wise, specifically Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, also discusses the approaches to overcome the loose poles in supply chain system by enhancing internationalization and globalization ,which relates to quantitative and qualitative strengthening in the field of finance and technology. Key words: Supply chain integration, BRICS, fragmented, logistics, constraints Reference [1] Marcin Gryczka (2010): Changing role of BRIC countries in technology driven international Division of labor, Volume 2 issue 2, pp. 89-97 [2] Yunyun Duan, (2010) FDI in BRICs: A Sector Level Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No 1 [3] Marcin Gryczka (2010): Changing role of BRICS countries in technology driven international division of labor, Vol. 2 No 2, pp. 89-97 [4] Hussain A.H Awad, Mohammad Othman Nassar (2010) Supply Chain Integration: Definition and Challenges, Proceeding of International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientist,Vol 1, pp 17-19 [5] Waldemiro (2011): Supply chain management in the Brazilian Industry , Volume 2,issue 1 Pravendra Tyagi, Prof. G. Agarwal	316-318
52.	Enhancement of Power Quality in Transmission Line Using Flexible Ac Transmission System Device U.P.F.C (Unified Power Flow Controller) Enhancement of Power Quality in Transmission Line Using Flexible Ac Transmission System Device U.P.F.C (Unified Power Flow Controller) Abstract: Present scenario states that power demand has been increased in a rapid and random manner. Hence power generated is unable to meet the power demand so power scarcity exists. There is an approximate loss of (20 - 40 )% of power generated during its transmission. Hence there is a need for enhancing the power quality in transmission lines. In order to improve the power quality our paper make use of FACTS DEVICES. FACTS devices can be added to power transmission and distribution systems at appropriate locations to improve system performance. The real and reactive powers can be easily controlled in a power system with FACTS devices. Flexible AC Transmission System creates a tremendous quality impact on power system stability. This paper describes the basic principle of operation of UPFC, its advantages and to compare its performance with the various FACTS equipment available. The objective of this paper is to keep the power system to remain in voltage stable condition when it experiences a load change and contingency, also deals with the simulation of various FACTS controllers using simulation program with MATLAB/SIMULINK Reference [1] N. G. Hi ngorani and L. Gyugyi "Understanding FACTS concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems", IEEE Press, New York, 2000. [2] Raju Pandey and A. K. Kori August (2012) "Real and Reactive Power flow Control Using Flexible Ac Transmission System connected to a Transmission line: a Power Injection Concept", Volume 1, Issue 6, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) pp. 252 – 256. [3] Gyungui. L, FIEE. (2008) "Unified Power Flow Control concept for Flexible AC Transmission System‟ IEE proceedings- C, Vol.139, No.4. [4] C.D. Schaulder et al., "Operation of unified power flow controller (UPFC) under practical constraints‟, IEEE Trans.Power Del., vol.13, no.2. pp.630-639, Apr1998. [5] Kannan. S, Shesha Jayaram and M.M.A.Salama. (2007) "Real and Reactive Power Coordination for a Unified Power Flow Controller‟ IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2007, vol.19.No.3, pp. 1454 – 1461. B. Divya Lakshmi, M. Manoj Gupta, G.Manoj Kumar, G. Jyothsna, A. Parvathi	319-323
53.	PIV Measurement for Electroosmotic Flow in Sio2pdms Surface Modified Microchannel PIV Measurement for Electroosmotic Flow in Sio2pdms Surface Modified Microchannel Abstract: Electroosmotic is a flow created under the application of electric field on the fluid. Recently, PDMS exhibits great potential in microfluidic device for many applications. The less ability to support electroosmotic flow and flow instability with time are the phenomena associated with the fluid flow in PDMS microchannel. To improve fluid flow in PDMS, microchannel surface modified with SiO_2, different thicknesses, by PECVD was employed. Surface characterizations were carried out using atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Whereby; UV-visible spectrometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to identify optical properties and structural phase of the modified PDMS respectively. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to track particles in PDMS microchannel, native and modified. We demonstrated that PDMS surface modified with SiO₂ slowing down fluid flow comparing to native PDMS allowing reaction and/or measurements taken place in microchannel. Fluid stability in PDMS, native and surface modified, were monitored via electrical resistance – time measurements with the aid of Cd²⁺ aqueous solution mixed with AuNP colloidal. SiO₂ PDMS surface modified microchannel achieved stable time- fluid flow. Key words: PDMS surface modification, microfluidic, and Electrophoresis flow. Reference [1] Jueyu Li and Min Wang, Chemical modification on top of nanotopography to enhance surface properties of PDMS, Surface & Coatings Technology, 2012; 206; 2161–2167. [2] ShankarDevasenathipathy and Juan G. Santiago, Particle Tracking Techniques for Electrokinetic Microchannel Flows, Anal. Chem., 2002; 74; 3704-3713. [3] Xueqin Rena, Mark Bachmanb, Christopher Simsc and G.P. Li, Electroosmotic properties of microfluidic channels composed of (polydimethylsiloxane), Journal of Chromatography B, 762;2001;117–125. [4] Christine Seguin, Jessica M., McLachlan and Peter R. Norton, Surface modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) for microfluidic assay applications, Applied Surface Science, 256;2010; 2524–2531. [5] Jinwen Zhou, Recent developments in PDMS surface modification for microfluidic devices, Electrophoresis,31;2010;2–16. Shrok Allami, Naif Al-Hardan, Qahtan Aljimily	324-330
54.	Design Analysis And Application Of Nylon66 In Rotary Spars Design Analysis And Application Of Nylon66 In Rotary Spars Abstract: Technology has led to the increased use of plastics as replacement to conventional materials in various sectors. The use of alloy steels in various rotary spares such as gears, cams, bearings, valve seats and other bearing and wear applications that requires quite operation, low coefficient of friction and wear resistance shall be replaced with nylon 66 as per requirements. In the present work I am applying nylon66 in gears and sprocket wheels used in automotive it is proposed to substitute the metallic rotating spares like gears and sprockets with nylon 66 to reduce the weight and noise. For this purpose different types of polymers were considered namely Polyethylene, PVC, Polystyrene, Polypropylene and Nylon66 and their viability are checked with their counterpart metallic gear (Cast iron). Based on the static analysis, the best plastic material is recommended for the purpose.3D model of gears and sprocket wheel chain assembly has been modeled by using Pro-E WF4. The models are then pre-processed using hyper mesh 10 .The pre-processed hyper mesh file is subjected to Static analysis using ANSYS 10.0. Compared to metallic rotating spares the Nylon 66 spares are more suitable for operations under 260oc temperature and limited load conditions. The designed gear shall be manufactured using injection molding. The die used for injection molding is machined with CNC and the CNC coding shall be generated for the given model. Application of nylon66 make a remarkable changes in cost factors, Weight factors, life factors, wear factors etc., hence the overall efficiency is improved. Keywords: Cast iron spur gears, helical gears, sprocket wheel assembly, Pre Processing, Static analysis, Nylon66. Reference [1] Elastic- Plastic Finite Element Analysis Of Spall Formation In Gear,Yan Ding, Rhys Jones And Bruce T. Kuhnell,8 August 1995 [2] Surface Roughness and Plastic Flow in Rail Wheel Contact, A.Kapoor' F.J. Franklin, S.K. Wong And M. Ishida, July 2002 [3] 3d Finite Element Investigation On The Plastic Flows Of Rolling Contacts- Correlation With Railhead Micro Structural Observations M.Busquet L. Baillet, C. Bordreuil And Y.Berthier [4] Fiber Reinforcement In Injection Molding Nylon 66 Spur Gears, S.Senthilvelan. R. Gnanamoorthy 20 Apirl 2006 [5] Wheel-Rail Wear Simulation, Tanel Telliskivi and Ulf olofsso, 20 October 2003 P.K. Harish Kumar, B.Kanimozhi	331-334
55.	Distributed Cooperative Caching In Social Wireless Network Distributed Cooperative Caching In Social Wireless Network Abstract: This paper introduces cooperative caching techniques for reducing electronic content provisioning cost in Social Wireless Networks (SWNET).SWNETs are formed by mobile devices, such as modern cell phones etc. sharing common takings in electronic content, and actually meeting together in public places. Electronic object caching in such SWNETs are shown to be able to reduce the content provisioning cost which depends heavily on the service and pricing dependences among various stakeholders including content providers (CP), network service providers, and End Consumers (EC).This paper develops practical network, service, and pricing models which are then used for creating two object caching strategies for reducing content provisioning costs in networks with homogenous and heterogeneous object demands. The paper develops analytical and simulation designs for analysing the proposed caching strategies in the presence of selfish users that deviate from network-wide cost-optimal policies. It also reports results from an Android phone based prototype SWNET, validating the presented analytical and simulation results. Key words: cooperative cache; cost-optimal policies; distributed search engines; selfish users Reference [1] M. Zhao, L. Mason, and W. Wang, "Empirical Study on Human Mobility for Mobile Wireless Networks," Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf. (MILCOM), 2008. [2] "Cambridge Trace File, Human Interaction Study," http://www.crawdad.org/download/cambridge/haggle/Exp6.tar.gz,2012. [3] E. Cohen, B. Krishnamurthy, and J. Rexford, "Evaluating Server-Assisted Cache Replacement in the Web," Proc. Sixth Ann.European Symp. Algorithms, pp. 307-319, 1998. [4] S. Banerjee and S. Karforma, "A Prototype Design for DRM Based Credit Card Transaction in E-Commerce," Ubiquity, vol. 2008,2008. [5] L. Breslau, P. Cao, L. Fan, and S. Shenker, "Web Caching and Zipf-Like Distributions: Evidence and Implications," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 1999. Dimple Pandya, Manan Shah, Manvi Sinha, Sanika Patil, Anand Magar	335-338
56.	Power System Stability Enhancement Using Fact Devices Power System Stability Enhancement Using Fact Devices Abstract: The development of the modern power system has led to an increasing complexity in the study of power systems, and also presents new challenges to power system stability, and in particular, to the aspects of transient stability and small-signal stability. So Power system engineers are currently facing challenges to increase the power transfer capabilities of existing transmission system. This is where the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology comes into effect with relatively low investment, compared to new transmission or generation facilities. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices use power electronics components to maintain controllability and capability of electrical power system. The paper aims towards the performance of UPFC is compared with other FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and Static Var Compensator (SVC) respectively. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the UPFC on transient stability of the system. Key words: FACTS, SSSC, SVC, TCSC, Transient stability, STATCOM, UPFC. Reference [1] S.V. Ravi Kumar, S. Siva Nagaraju, 2007, "Transient Stability Improvement using UPFC and SVC," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(3), pp. 38-45. [2] Power Flow Control in a Transmission Line through UPFC Parvej khan1, Himmat singh 2 1,2Department of electrical engineering, MITS Gwalior [3] 3.MATLAB Based Simulation of TCSC FACTS Controller Preeti Singh, Mrs.Lini Mathew, Prof. S. Chatterji N.I.T.T.T.R., Chandigarh [4] Chatterji.S, Rao.C.S and Nagsarkar T.K., Applications of FACTS controllers for improving Power System Stability, XII National Convention of Electrical Engineers – Power System Management to overcome power shortage, Institution of Engineers (INDIA) Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh State Center Chandigarh, 23-24 Nov. [5] Chatterji.S, Rao.C.S and Nagsarkar T.K., Admittance chacteristics of Thyristor controlled dynamic brake, 9th National Power Systems Conference, IIT Kanpur, 19-21 Dec. 1996. Mr. B. T. Ramakrishna Rao, P. Chanti, N. Lavanya, S. chandra Sekhar, Y. Mohan kumar	339-344
57.	Automatic Test Pattern Generation for Digital Circuits Automatic Test Pattern Generation for Digital Circuits Abstract: Digital circuits complexity and density are increasing and at the same time it should have more quality and reliability. It leads with high test costs and makes the validation more complex. The main aim is to develop a complete behavioral fault simulation and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) system for digital circuits modeled in verilog and VHDL. An integrated Automatic Test Generation (ATG) and Automatic Test Executing/Equipment (ATE) system for complex boards is developed here. An approach to use memristors (resistors with memory) in programmable analog circuits. The Main idea consists in a circuit design in which low voltages are applied to memristors during their operation as analog circuit elements and high voltages are used to program the memristor's states. This way, as it was demonstrated in recent experiments, the state of memristors does not essentially change during analog mode operation. As an example of our approach, we have built several programmable analog circuits demonstrating memristor -based programming of threshold, gain and frequency. In these circuits the role of memristor is played by a memristor emulator developed by us. A multiplexer is developed to generate a class of minimum transition sequences. The entire hardware is realized as digital logical circuits and the test results are simulated in Model sim software. The results of this research show that behavioral fault simulation will remain as a highly attractive alternative for the future generation of VLSI and system-on-chips (SoC). Key words: Automatic test equipment, Comparable circuit for parallel testing, Memristor, Schmitt trigger Reference [1] Huxun Chen, DeQing Chen, Jinlin Ye, Weizhou Cao, Lei Gao ―An Integrated Automatic Test Generation and Executing System‖ IEEE Conference Sept 2011. [2] Luca Mostardini, Luca Bacciarelli, Luca Fanucci, Lorenzo Bertini, Marco Tonarelli ―FPGA-based Low-cost Automatic Test Equipment for Digital Integrated Circuits‖ IEEE International Workshop Sept 2009. [3] Mohmed Elbably‖ An Automatic testing of PLDs‖Nineteenth National Radio Science Conference ,March 19-23,2002 [4] C. Giaconia, A. Di Stefano, G. Capponi, ―Reconfigurable digital instrumentation based on FPGA System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications,‖ 2003. Proceedings. The 3rd IEEE International Workshop, 30 June-2 July 2003, pp. 120 – 122. [5] Ranin Roosta, VLSI Test Automation: Fault Modeling, Ph.D Dissertation, EE623, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, California State University, Northridge. S. Hemalatha, Mrs. K. Srividhya	345-351
58.	Optimization and Performance Analysis of Bulk-Driven Differential Amplifier Optimization and Performance Analysis of Bulk-Driven Differential Amplifier Abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high-speed digital circuits at low power consumption. This paper presents a design of input stage of Operational Amplifier i.e cascode differential amplifier using a standard 65nm CMOS Technology.A comparison betweem gate-driven, bulk-driven and cascode bulk driven bulk-driven differential amplifier is described. The Results demonstrate that CMMR is 83.98 dB, 3-dB Bandwidth is 1.04 MHz. The circuit dissipate power of 28uWunder single supply of 1.0V. Key words: Common mode Rejection Ratio(CMMR), Low Voltage (LV), Low Power (LP) Reference [1] Liang Zou, Member and Syed K.Islam, " Low-Voltage Bulk-Driven Operational Amplifier with Improved Transconductance" IEEE Transation on circuits and sustem-1 2013. br />[2] Fabian Khateb, Dalibor Biolek, Nabhan Khatib, "Utilizing the Bulk-Driven Technique Analog Design" IEEE 2010.br /> [3] Rui He and Lihong Zhang , "Evalution of Modern MOSFET Models for Bulk-Driven IEEE 2010.br /> [4] Kent D. Layton, Donald T.Comer and David J. Comer," Bulk-Driven Gain Enhanced Fully-Differential Amplifier for VT + 2Vdsat Operation" IEEE 2008.br /> [5] F. Sandoval- Lbarra,"Designing a CMOS Differentional Pair" International conference of Electronics Communication and computers ,IEEE 2008. Antarpreet kaur, Parminder Singh Jassal	352-356
59.	Image Compression Algorithms Using Dct Image Compression Algorithms Using Dct Abstract: Image compression is the application of Data compression on digital images. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a technique for converting a signal into elementary frequency components. It is widely used in image compression. Here we develop some simple functions to compute the DCT and to compress images. An image compression algorithm was comprehended using Matlab code, and modified to perform better when implemented in hardware description language. The IMAP block and IMAQ block of MATLAB was used to analyse and study the results of Image Compression using DCT and varying co-efficients for compression were developed to show the resulting image and error image from the original images. Image Compression is studied using 2-D discrete Cosine Transform. The original image is transformed in 8-by-8 blocks and then inverse transformed in 8-by-8 blocks to create the reconstructed image. The inverse DCT would be performed using the subset of DCT coefficients. The error image (the difference between the original and reconstructed image) would be displayed. Error value for every image would be calculated over various values of DCT co-efficients as selected by the user and would be displayed in the end to detect the accuracy and compression in the resulting image and resulting performance parameter would be indicated in terms of MSE , i.e. Mean Square Error. Key words: Discrete Cosine Transform, Pixels, Inverse -DCT, Encoding, Decoding, Quantization, Entropy, MSE. Reference [1] Implementation of Image Compression Algorithm using Verilog with Area, Power and Timing Constraints (2007-2009) by Arun Kumar PS ,Dept. of ECE, NIT Rourkela. [2] Implementation of Data Compression and FFT on Tiny OS: Ning Xu, Embedded Networks Laboratory, Computer Science Dept. USC. Los Angeles [3] Hardware Implementation of a Lossless Image Compression Algorithm Using a Field Programmable Gate Array M. Klimesh,1 V. Stanton,1 and D. Watola1 (2001) [4] Image Compression Using New Entropy Coder, M. I. Khali International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1 February, 2010 1793-8201 [5] Image Compression Using the Discrete Cosine Transform by Andrew B. Watson, NASA Ames Research Center (1994) Abhishek Kaushik, Deepti Nain	357-364
60.	An Effective Image Denoising Using Adaptive Thresholding In Wavelet Domain An Effective Image Denoising Using Adaptive Thresholding In Wavelet Domain Abstract: This paper deals with denoising of images using threshold estimation in wavelet domain. Image denoising in wavelet domain is estimated by using Guassian distribution modeling of subband coefficients or any shrink techniques such as bayes shrink, Normal shrink. Normal shrink is computationally more efficient and adaptive. A near optimal threshold estimation is done using subband technique. Image denoising algorithm uses soft thresholding to provide smoothness and better edge preservation at the same time.In this paper, we analyzed severalmethods of noise removal from degraded images with Gaussian noise by using adaptive wavelet threshold (Bayes Shrink and Normal Shrink) and compare the results in terms of MSE. Key words: Wavelet thresholding, Image denoising, Discrete wavelet threshold, subband. Reference [1] J. N. Ellinas, T. Mandadelis, A. Tzortzis, L. Aslanoglou, "Image de-noising using wavelets", T.E.I. of Piraeus Applied Research Review, vol. IX, no. 1, pp. 97-109, 2004. [2] LakhwinderKaur and Savita Gupta and R.C.Chauhan, "Image denoising using wavelet thresholding", ICVGIP, Proceeding of the Third Indian Conference On Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing, Ahmdabad, India Dec. 16-18, 2002. [3] S.Kother Mohideen, Dr. S. Arumuga Perumal, Dr. M.Mohamed Sathik. "Image De-noising using Discrete Wavelet transform", IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol .8, no.1, January 2008. [4] S. Grace Chang, Bin Yu and M. Vattereli, "Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding for Image Denoising and Compression", IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 9, pp. 1532-1546, Sept. 2000. [5] G. Y. Chen and T. D. Bui, "Multi-wavelet De-noising using Neighboring Coefficients," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol.10, no.7, pp.211-214, 2003. V. Mahesh, M. Someswara Rao, Ch. Sravani, P. Durgarao, S. Venkatesh	365-368
61.	Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel Concrete Composite Structures Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel Concrete Composite Structures Abstract: Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance world wide as an alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. The use of steel in construction industry is very low in India compared to many developing countries. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of steel in construction, especially in the current development needs India and not using steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. In this paper study of Four various multistoried commercial buildings i.e. G+12, G+16, G+20, G+24 are analysed by using STAAD-Pro software. Where design and cost estimation is carried out using MS-Excel programming and from obtained result comparison can be made between R.C.C and composite structure. Key words: Composite beam, Composite column, Composite slab, R.C.C structure, Shear connector Reference [1] Johnson R. P., Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete, Volume 1, Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK, 2004. [2] Fisher J. w. Design of composite beams with formed metal deck. Eng. J,, amer, lnst ,Steel Constr,7.88-96,July 1970. [3] Euro code 4, ―Design of composite steel and concrete structure, European committee for standardization committee European de normalization europaisches committee fur normung. [4] IS: 456(2000), ― Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plan and Reinforcement concrete (Fourth Revisions), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi. [5] IS: 13920-1993 ―ductile detailing of reinforced of concrete structure subjected to seismic forces code of practice. Shweta A. Wagh, Dr. U. P. Waghe	369-376
62.	To Study the Behaviour of Marble Powder as Supplementry Cementitious Material in Concrete To Study the Behaviour of Marble Powder as Supplementry Cementitious Material in Concrete Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength and stability. Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problem. Hence the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Waste can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixtures so that natural resources are used more efficiently and the environment is protected from waste deposits. Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. The concrete industry is constantly looking for supplementary material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. In that paper marble powder is replace by sand the research is carried out by using M25 grade concrete with replacement of 0%, 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45%,50% marble powder by sand and is carried out to determine the optimum percentage of replacement at which maximum compressive strength and also split tensile strength is achieved There are several reuse and recycling solutions for this industrial by-product, both at an experimental phase and in practical applications. These industrial wastes are dumped in the nearby land and the natural fertility of the soil is spoiled. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the waste are analyzed. Key words: Cement, Compressive Strength, Marble Powder, Sand, split tensile strength Reference [1] M.S. Shetty "CONTRETE TECHNOLOGY", 3rd Edition, S. Chand & Company Limited, Delhi, 1992. [2] "ENGINEERING MATERIALS "by RANGWALA. [3] "Investigations on partial replacement of cement with marble powder" by Rahul, Jagadeesh in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, Volume 1, No 3, 2010. [4] M.S. Hameed, A.S.S. Sekar, Properties of green concrete containing quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as fine aggregate. India, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4 (4) (2009) 83–89. [5] K. Shi-Cong, P. Chi-Sun, Properties of concrete prepared with crushed fine stone, furnace bottom ash and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregates. China, Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 2877–2886 Pooja J.Chavhan, Prof. S. D. Bhole	377-381
63.	Implementation of Optimized Reversible Sequential and Combinational Circuits for VLSI Applications Implementation of Optimized Reversible Sequential and Combinational Circuits for VLSI Applications Abstract: Reversible logic has emerged as one of the most important approaches for the power optimization with its application in low power VLSI design. They are also the fundamental requirement for the emerging field of the Quantum computing having with applications in the domains like Nano-technology, Digital signal processing, Cryptography, Communications. Implementing the reversible logic has the advantages of reducing gate counts, garbage outputs as well as constant inputs. In this project we present sequential and combinational circuit with reversible logic gates which are simulated in Xilinx ISE and by writing the code in VHDL . we have proposed a new design technique of BCD Adder using newly constructed reversible gates are based on CMOS with pass transistor gates . Here the total reversible Adder is designed using EDA tools. We will analyze the VLSI limitations like power consumption and area of designed circuits. Key words: sequential circuits, combinational circuits Reversible logic gates, Xilinx and EDA Reference [1] BANERJEE, A. AND PATHAK, A. 2007. On the synthesis of sequential reversible circuit. [2] FRANK, M. 2005b. Introduction to reversible computing: motivation, progress, and challenges. [3] ."Design of low power arithmetic unit based on reversible logic" in International Journal of VLSI and signal processing applications, [4] "A novel design of reversible serial and parallel adder/subtractor" in International journal of engineering science and technology. [5] Low power reversible parallel binary adder/subtractor by Rangaraju H.G, Venugopal U, Muralidhara K.N, Raja K.B. P. Mohan Krishna, V. G. Santhi Swaroop, S. Harika, N. Sravya, V. Vani	382-388
64.	Design and Analysis of Comparator Using Different Logic Style of Full Adder Design and Analysis of Comparator Using Different Logic Style of Full Adder Abstract: In digital system the comparator is a very useful and basic arithmetic component. A compact, good cost benefit, high-performance ratio and LOW POWER comparator plays an important role in almost all hardware sorters. The basic function of a high-gain comparator is to determine whether an input voltage is higher or lower than a reference voltage—and to present that decision as one of two voltage levels, established by the output's limiting values. Comparators have a variety of uses, including: polarity identification, 1-bit analog-to-digital conversion, switch driving, square/triangular-wave generation, and pulse-edge generation. HERE a new design of comparator is described with the help of Full adder which are the basic building block of ALU and ALU is a basic functioning unit of the microprocessors and DSP. The objective of this paper is to provide small area, low power comparator for very large scale integration designers. in this paper a small power dissipation and less area over conventional 2 bit comparator is proposed and using this comparator a new style 16-bit comparator is proposed. Comparison between different designs is calculated by simulation that is performed at 0.12um technology in EDA Tool. Key words: comparator, Low power VLSI, 90nm Technology and Micro-wind. Reference [1] H. Traff, ―Naval approach to high speed CMOS current Comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 310- 312, Jan.1992. [2] A.T K. Tang and C. Toumazou, ―High performance CMOS current comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 30, pp. 5-6, 1994. [3] L. Ravezzi, D. Stoppa and G. F. Dalla Betta, ―Simple High speed CMOS current comparator,‖ Electron. Letter, vol.33, pp.1829-1830, 1997. [4] C. B. Kushwah, D. Soni and R. S. Gamad, ―New design of CMOS Current comparator,‖ Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICETET, pp.125-129, June, 2009 [5]. Current Comparator Design,‖ Electron. Letter, vol. 44, no.3,pp.171-172, Jan. 2008. K. Rajasekhar, P. Sowjanya, V. Umakiranmai, R. Harish, M. Krishna	389-393
65.	QPSK Modulator and Demodulator Using FPGA for SDR QPSK Modulator and Demodulator Using FPGA for SDR Abstract: A software-defined radio (SDR) allows for digital communication systems to simply accept more complicated coding and modulation technologies, which is enormously vital in meeting the ever-increasing demands of the wireless communication industry. An SDR has been constructed, using the Simulink tool, and implemented on the SPARTEN-3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development kit. The modulation scheme used in the system is Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK). In the first step to realize the whole modulation and demodulation schemes using MATLAB Simulink. The format of a VHDL program is built around the concept of BLOCKS which are the basic building units of a VHDL design. The results showed that the proposed method can greatly improve the developing efficiency, shorten developing period and reduce costs. Key words: Demodulator, FPGA, Modulator, QPSK, SDR VHDL Reference [1] Wenmiao Song, Qiongqiong Yao, Design and implement of QPSK modem based on FPGA [2] A.M.Bhavikatti, Subhash Kulkarni, Uday Kalyani, FPGA implementation of π/4 QPSK Modulator and Demodulator [3] Swapan K Samaddar, AtriSanyal, Somali Sanyal, FPGA based generalized architecture for Modulation and Demodulation [4] Gihad Elamary, Graeme Chester, Jeffrey Neasham, A simple Digital VHDL QPSK Modulator Design using CPLD / FPGAs for Biomedical Devices Applications [5] Mehmet SÖNMEZ and Ayhan AKBAL, FPGA based design using VHDL transmission performance analysis of BPSK and QPSK Modulators Mandadkar Mukesh, Lokhande Abhishek, Prof. R. R. Bhambare	394-397
66.	Damping Of Low Frequency Oscillations In Power System Using Device Upfc With Fuzzy Logic Damping Of Low Frequency Oscillations In Power System Using Device Upfc With Fuzzy Logic Abstract: Power stability is an important issue that is becoming increasingly important to an power systems at all levels. We are unable to achieve the stability of the system due to some factors. Low frequency oscillation's is one of the major factors that affect the transmission line capacity. Traditionally power system stabilizers(PSS) are being used to damp these inevitable oscillations. In advanced technology FACTS devices such as unified power flow controllers (UPFC) are used to control the power flow in transmission lines. They can also replace the PSS to damp the low frequency oscillations effectively through direct control of voltage and power. In our model, single machine infinite bus power system with UPFC is considered. The designed FUZZY based UPFC controllers adjusts four UPFC inputs by appropriately processing of input error signal and provides an efficient damping. The results of the simulation show that the UPFC with FUZZY LOGIC controller is effectively damping the LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS. Key words: Low frequency Oscillations (LFO), Unified Power flowController(UPFC), Fuzzy logic,Damping controller,Flexiable AC transmission System (FACTS) Reference [1] N.G.: 'High power electronics and flexible AC transmission system', IEEE Power Eng. Reo., July 1988. [2] Kundur, P.Klein, M., Roger, G.J. and Zywno, M.S.: Application of power system stabilizers for enhancement of overall system stability', IEEE Trans. on Power System, 4, (2), 1989, pp. 614-626. [3] Ewart, D.N. et al.: 'Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) scoping study'. EPRI Report EL-6943, 1990: [4] L. Gyugyi 'Unified Power Flow Control Concept for Flexible ac Transmission Systems.' IEE Proceedings-C, Vol. 139, No. 4, July 1992, p. 323. [5] L. Gyugyi and C.D. Schauder, et al. 'The Unified Power Flow Controller : A New Approach to Power Transmission Control.' IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 1995, p. 1085. B.Divya Lakshmi, D.Krishna karthik, M. AppalaNaidu, I.Manikanta Krishna Murthy, Ch.Jyothi	398-401
67.	Simulink Implementation of Indirect Vector Control of Induction Machine Model Simulink Implementation of Indirect Vector Control of Induction Machine Model Abstract: In this paper, a modular Simulink implementation of an induction machine model is described in a step-by-step approach. With the modular system, each block solves one of the model equations; therefore, unlike in black box models, all of the machine parameters are accessible for control and verification purposes.After the implementation, examples are given with the model used in different drive applications, such as open-loop constant V/Hz control and indirect vector control. To implement the induction machine model, the dynamic equivalent circuit of induction motor is taken and the model equations in flux linkage form are derived.Then the model is implemented in Simulink by transforming three phase voltages to d-q frame and the d-q currents back to three phase, also it includes unit vector calculation and induction machine d-q model.The inputs here are three phase voltages, load torque, speed of stator and the outputs are flux linkages and currents, electrical torque and speed of rotor. Reference [1] M. L. de Aguiar, M. M. Cad, ―The concept of complex transfer functions applied to the modeling of induction motors,‖ Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000, pp. 387–391. [2] A. Dumitrescu, D. Fodor, T. Jokinen, M. Rosu, S. Bucurencio, ―Modeling and simulation of electric drive systems using Matlab/Simulink environments,‖ International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives (IEMD), 1999, pp. 451–453. [3] S. Wade, M. W. Dunnigan, B. W. Williams, ―Modeling and simulation of induction machine vector control with rotor resistance identification,‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 3, May 1997, pp. 495–506. [4] H. Le-Huy, ―Modeling and simulation of electrical drives using Matlab/Simulink and Power System Blockset,‖ The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON'01), Denver/Colorado, pp. 1603–1611. [5] L. Tang, M. F. Rahman, ―A new direct torque control strategy for flux and torque ripple reduction for induction motors drive — a Matlab/Simulink model,‖ IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, pp. 884–890. V. Dhanunjayanaidu, K. Chakradhar, K. Madhuri, D. Nalini, B. Koormarao	402-410
68.	Towards Better Retrievals in Content -Based Image Retrieval System Towards Better Retrievals in Content -Based Image Retrieval System Abstract: This paper presents a Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System called DEICBIR-2. The system retrieves images similar to a given query image by searching in the provided image database.Standard MPEG-7 image descriptors are used to find the relevant images which are similar to thegiven query image. Direct use of the MPEG-7 descriptors for creating the image database and retrieval on the basis of nearest neighbor does not yield accurate retrievals. To further improve the retrieval results, B-splines are used for ensuring smooth and continuous edges of the images in the edge-based descriptors. Relevance feedback is also implemented with user intervention. These additional features improve the retrieval performance of DEICBIR-2 significantly. Computational performance on a set of query images is presented and the performance of the proposed system is much superior to the performance of DEICBIR[9] on the same database and on the same set of query images. Index Terms: Content-based image retrieval, splines, All MPEG-7 Descriptors, Edge Histogram Descriptor, Color Layout Descriptor and Color Edge and Directivity Descriptor (CEDD), NMRR (Normalized Modified Retrieval Rate). Reference [1] Kim-Hui Yapand Kui Wu, ―A Soft Relevance Framework in Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems,‖ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 15, no. 12, december 2005. [2] M. Flickher, H. Sawhney,W. Niblack, J. Ashley, Q. Huang, B. Dom, M. Gorkani, J. afner,D. Lee, D. Petkovic, D. Steele, and P.Yanker, ―Query by image and video content: the QBIC system,‖ IEEE Computer, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 23–32, Sep. 1995. [3] Y. Rui, T. S. Huang, and S. Mehrotra, ―Content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback in MARS,‖ in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, Washington, DC, 1997, pp. 815–818. [4] G. Amarnath and J. Ramesh, ―Visual information retrieval,‖ Commun. ACM, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 70–79, May 1997. [5] A. Pentland, R. Picard, and S. Sclaroff, ―Photobook: content-based manipulation of image databases,‖ Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–254, June 1996. Kumar Vaibhav, Vikas Pratap Singh and C.Patvardhan	411-416
69.	Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine Abstract: In this study, the effect of Gasoline, Ethanol, Gasohol E10, and Kerosene on the performance and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition (SI) engine were investigated. In the experiment, the internal combustion (IC) engine includes one cylinder, two valves, and four stroke spark ignition. Performance tests were carried out for specific fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, power developed, corrosion rate, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The measurements were conducted under various engine speeds ranging from 1500 to 4500 rpm. The experimental results showed that the performance of engine was improved with the use of gasoline and gasohol E10 in comparison with the Ethanol and Kerosene. The concentrations of CO2 and CO were presented and compared for all type of fuel examined. Key words: Engine performance, Flue gas emissions, Ethanol, Gasoline, Gasohol E10. Reference [1] Willared W "Engineering fundamentals of internal combustion engine" University of Wisconsin, second Edition, 2004. [2] Fernando Salazar" INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES" Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering,1998. [3] M.V. Mallikarjun1 and Venkata Ramesh Mamilla2" Experimental Study of Exhaust Emissions &Performance Analysis of Multi Cylinder S.I.EngineWhen Methanol Used as an Additive" International Journal of Electronic Engineering ResearchVolume 1 Number 3 (2009) [4] Ioannis Gravalos1, Dimitrios Moshou2, Theodoros Gialamas1, Panagiotis yradakis2, Dimitrios Kateris2 and Zisis Tsiropoulos1" Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Methanol Gasoline Blended Fuels", InTech, 2011. [5] Al-Hasan, M. (2002). Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion & Management, Vol.44, No9, pp. 1547–1561. Mrs. Rana Ali Hussein, Dr. Audai Hussein Al-Abbas, Dr. Abdulla Dhayea Assi	417-425
70.	Implementation of an Efficient Ripple Carry Adder by Low Power Techniques for Ultra Applications Implementation of an Efficient Ripple Carry Adder by Low Power Techniques for Ultra Applications Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to provide new low power solutions for very large scale integration. Designers especially focus on the reduction of the power dissipation which shows increasing growth with the scaling down of the technologies. In this paper various technologies at the different levels of the design process have been implemented to reduce the power dissipation at the circuit, architecture and system levels. Previous technologies are summarized and compared with our new approach is presented in this paper. The main objective of this project is the reduction of power dissipation by eliminating the PMOS tree and also by utilizing energy stored at the output can be retrieved by the reversing the current source direction discharging process instead of dissipation in NMOS network with SDCVSL, ADIABATIC LOGIC. It also increases the performance of circuits. Here for this project, I am using MICRO WINDOW TOOL. By using this tool we can develop schematic for all above techniques and also find out the power dissipation. Key words: Low power, CMOS, SDCVSL, Adiabatic logic. Reference [1] A. Chandrakasan, R. Brodersen, Low Power Digital Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995. [2] Meta-Software, HSPICE User's Manual - Version 96.1,1996. [3] K. Yano, Y. Sasaki, K. Rikino, K. Seki, "Top-Down Pass-Transistor Logic Design". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.31, pp. 792-803. 1996 [4] MIPS Technologies, "R4200 Microprocessor Product Information", MIPS Technologies Inc., 1994 [5] R K. Navi, Md.Reza Saatchi and O. Daei, (2009) "A High-Speed Hybrid Full Adder," European Journal of Scientific Research,Vol 26 No.1,pp 29-33. S. Sindhuri, R. Sravani, S. Rambabu	426-429
71.	An Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Industrial Waste (Hypo Sludge) An Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Industrial Waste (Hypo Sludge) Abstract: Concrete is strength and tough material but it is porous material also which interacts with the surrounding environment. The durability of concrete depends largely on the movement of water and gas enters and moves through it. To produce low cost concrete by blending various ratios of cement with hypo sludge & to reduce disposal and pollution problems due to hypo sludge it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from hypo sludge. To make good quality paper limited number of times recycled Paper fibers can be used which produces a large amount of solid waste. The innovative use of hypo sludge in concrete formulations as a supplementary cementations material was tested as an alternative to traditional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength up to 28 days. As a result, the compressive increased up to 10% addition of hypo sludge and further increased in hypo sludge reduces the strengths gradually. This research work is concerned with experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing cement via 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of Hypo Sludge. Keeping all this view, the aim of investigation is the behavior of concrete while adding of waste with different proportions of Hypo sludge in concrete by using tests like compression strength and split strength. The mix design was carried out for M25 grade concrete as per IS: 10262-2009. Key words: cement; hyposludge; paper waste; OPC Reference [1] Hypo Sludge Management: Opportunities For Developing Low Cost Concrete With Glass Fibers, Volume : 1 \| Issue : 7 \| Dec 2012 • ISSN No 2277 – 8160 Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Dr. L. B. Zala, Dr F. S. Umrigar [2] Experimental Investigation In Developing Low Cost Concrete From Paper Industry Waste R. Srinivasan, K. Sathiya And M. Palanisamy,2010 [3] An Exploration Study On Stone Waste As Foregoing Alternatives For Green Concrete Ankit Nileshchandra Patel 1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda 2, IJAERS/Vol. II/ Issue III/April-June, 2013/35-38 [4] Utilization Of Waste Paper Pulp By Partial Replacement Of Cement In ConcreteSumit A Balwaik; S P Raut** Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp.300-309 [5] Durability Of Concrete With Partial Replacement Of Cement By Paper Industry Waste (Hypo Sludge) Jayeshkumar Pitroda, L.B.Zala, F S Umrigar, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-3, February 2013. Mr.R.Balamurugan, Mr.R.Karthickraja	430-435
72.	Simulation of Brushless DC Motor using Direct Torque Control Simulation of Brushless DC Motor using Direct Torque Control Abstract: This paper deals with modelling of three phases brushless dc motor with MATLAB/SIMULINK software BLDC motor have advantages according to brushless dc motor and induction motor's. They have improve speed torque charactistics, high efficiency high transient response and small size. It approaches for reducing the torque ripples of BLDC motor using DTC, by using control technique's ,but present work mainly concentrate on advanced method. The whole drive system is simulated based on the system devices, BLDC motor source inverter, space vector modulation. IndexTerms: Brushlessdc(BLDC)drives,directtorque Control (DTC), permanent-magnetmotor. Reference [1] Yong Liu,Z. Q. Zhu, "direct torque control of brushless dc drives with reduced torque ripple"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 41, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL 2005 [2] C.GENCER AND M. GEDIKPINAR "MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BLDCMUSING MATLAB/SIMULINK" 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information. [3] G.Prasad,, N.SreeRamya,, P.V.N.Prasad ,G.Tulasi Ram Das "Modelling and Simulation Analysis of the Brushless DC Motor by using MATLAB"ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-1, Issue-5, October 2012. Mrs.G. Kusuma, S. Rukhsana Begum, N. Nitin Teja, N. Uday Kumar, K. Satyanarayana	436-441
73.	Design & Fabrication of a Machine to REDUCE the Critical PROCESS Parameters & Improve Productivity of Agro – Based Dhup Agarbatti Design & Fabrication of a Machine to REDUCE the Critical PROCESS Parameters & Improve Productivity of Agro – Based Dhup Agarbatti Abstract: In our country still our villager are struggling with short of money, living standard. Mainly our farmer does irrigation related activity when the season comes & rest of the time they remain with no work this causes a biggest trouble to them because they uses money whatever they earn by selling their crops into their idle time i.e. off-season.1 Hence there living standard remain unchanged due to short of money saving. Keeping this thing into mind we are trying to help farmer by giving them a chance of self-employment, so that, they can change their living standard to some extent. Hence we are focusing to develop a system/machine which can be run manually. The cost of the system or machine will try to keep very minimum, so that the farmer can purchase it or taken it on rent. The objective of our machine is to utilize mainly agriculture based product which is available at very low price along with some additives. Through this project the farmer can produce a daily consumable product which would be so called as "Agro Dhup Agarbatti". Key words: Mixing chamber, Hopper, Critical data, Agricultural waste, Agro Dhup – Agarbatti. Reference 1) The hand book of dairy farming in India, Engineers India Research Institute publication, 2005, Vol-2 2) The journal of Chinese farmer painting of China, by Diater Wanazura, Chines Art publication, June 2005, Vol-1 3) Book of Design of machine element by Vinod Thombre Patil, Nirali publication, June 2013. 4) The book of Advance manufacturing processes by P.K.Ambadekar, S.T.Ghan, and D.M.Dharmadhikari, Nirali publication, June 2013. Shri. Krishna S. Vishwakarma, Shri. R.A. Tamboli, Mr. Shailesh V. Nighot, Mr. Alok K. Mandlekar	442-447
74.	Quantifying the Water Flow through the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System Quantifying the Water Flow through the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System Abstract: In order to quantify the flow of water in the soil plant atmosphere system by using and correlating various methods of measurements, an experimental study was undertaken. The study was carried out in the region of "The Field of Kosovo", in two climatic particular areas, Komoran and Vushtri, significantly different from each other. Meteorological stations were set up in each area and as a part of it, in each case, the evaporimeter Pan A and an atmometer were installed. Each meteorological station was equipped with the necessary devices to measure the sun radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature. A particular computer program was prepared to convert automatically the data measured by the devices into potential evapotranspiration, expressed as mm evaporated water per day, calculated based on the Penman-Monteith formulae. The potential evapotranspiration calculated based on the Penman-Monteith method indicated, during the entire time of investigation, higher values comparing with the results taken from the atmometer and the Pan A evaporimeter methods. The differences were significant in both, Komoran and Vushtri. Key words: water flow; potential evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith formula; atmometer; Pan A evaporimeter Reference [1] Penman, H.L. "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass". Proc. Roy. Soc (London, U.K.) (1948), A193 (1032): 120–145. [2] Hillel, D., "Soil and water", from Physiological Ecology, edited by T. T. Kozlowski, Wisconsin, 1971, pg. 201-239 [3] Hillel, D., "Introduction to Soil Physics", Academic Press, USA. 1982, 288-319 [4] Hillel, D., "Introduction to Environmental Soil Physics", Academic Press, Hardbound, USA, 2003, 221-225 [5] Richard G. Allen, Luis S. Pereira, Dirk Raes, Martin Smith, "Crop evapotranspiration"; FAO irrigation and drainage paper, Rome, 1998, vol. 56, 1-16, Besnik Gjongecaj, Demë Abazi, Abdullah Nishori	448-451
75.	Steady State Thermal Analysis Of Friction Stir Welded Stringer Panel Of An Aircraft Wing Steady State Thermal Analysis Of Friction Stir Welded Stringer Panel Of An Aircraft Wing Abstract: Welding is a wide range multistate permanent fastening method of fabrication. Globally welding technology has numerous applications. The present project deals with the calculation of the steady state thermal analysis and fatigue life of the friction stir welded stringer panel. The stringer panel is a device used for supporting the upper and the lower skin of the aircraft wing. The equivalent stresses and life cycles are calculated theoretically referring to many journals, the theoretical inputs are given to the analysis software ANSYS Workbench i.e. heat flux, temperature, and speed of rotation of the friction stir tool. The resultant equivalent stress and the total deformation apart from that the life cycles are also generated. The theoretical values of stress and fatigue life are computed. The best welding conditions are predicted by suitable analysis in ANSYS Work bench software by providing suitable working conditions as inputs. Key words: ANSYS, Friction stir welding, Thermal analysis, Fatigue life. Reference [1] TWI (1991). Friction Stir welding at TWI [2] Mishra, R.S., Ma, Z.Y., Friction stir welding and processing, Materials Science and Engineering R, Vol. 50, 2005, pp. 1-78. [3] Static and Fatigue Testing of Full-Scale Aircraft Structures-Jody Cronenberger, Research Engineer Kenneth E. Griffin, Ph.D., Manager, Department of Structural Engineering Southwest Research Institute. [4] Structural Risk Assessment of RAAF B707 Lower Wing Stringers, Published by Air Vehicles Division DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organization 506 Lorimer St Fishermans Bend, Victoria 3207 Australia. [5] An Integrated Approach to the Determination and Consequences of Residual Stress on the Fatigue Performance of Welded Aircraft Structures, L. Edwards,1 M. E. Fitzpatrick,2 P. E. Irving,3 I. Sinclair,4 X. Zhang,5 and D. Yapp. Journal of ASTM International, February 2006, Vol. 3, No. 2. Paper ID JAI12547. D.Asirinaidu, D.Lokanadham	452-460
76.	Analysis Of Machine Learning Techniques By Using Blogger Data Analysis Of Machine Learning Techniques By Using Blogger Data Abstract: Blogs are the recent fast progressing media which depends on information system and technological advancement. The mass media is not much developed for the developing countries are in government terms and their schemes are developed based on governmental concepts, so blogs are provided for knowledge and ideas sharing. This article has highlighted and performed simulations from obtained information, 100 instances of Bloggers by using Weka 3. 6 Tool, and by applying many machine learning algorithms and analyzed with the values of accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure for getting future tendency anticipation of users to blogging and using in strategical areas. Key words: Blog, Cyber Space, Data Mining, Random Forest. Reference [1] Zafarani,R, Jashki, M.A, Baghi,H.R , Ghorbani,A., 2008, A Novel Approach for Social Behavior Analysis of the Blogosphere, springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, S. Bergler (Ed.): Canadian AI, 356–367. Techniques. [2] Dr.M.Hemalatha,S.Krishnaveni.,et.,al, A Prespective analysis of Traffic Accident Using Data Mining Techniques. [3] Dr.M.Hemalatha,S.Krishnaveni,G.V.Nadaimmai.,et.,al, Evaluating the YieldOfHybrid Napier Grass with Data Mining [4] Juffinger,A., Lex, E., 2009, Cross language Blog Mining and Trend Visualization ,WWW 2009, 2009, Madrid, Spain.1149-1150. [5] Demartini, G., Siersdorfer,S., Chelaru, S., Nejdl,W., Analyzing Political Trends in the Blogosphere, Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media,465-469. Gowsalya.R, S.Veni and M.Hemalatha	461-467