Peer Reviewed Journal

Multimedia Question Answering System Using Page Ranking Algorithm

Abstract: In general, existing cQA forums provide only textual answers, which are not informative enough for many questions. Conventional MMQA aims to seek multimedia answers without the assistance of textual answers. This MMQA scheme using diversification method is able to enrich textual answers in cQA with appropriate meta data which improves the informativeness and it bridges two gaps (i) The gap between questions and textual answers (ii) The gap between textual answer and multimedia answer. This scheme consists of three components: answer medium selection, query generation and data selection and presentation. This scheme determines the type of media information that can be added for a textual answer. This scheme predicts the type of medium to be added using Naïve Bayes Classifier, it automatically generates query based on QA knowledge and performs multimedia search. Finally this scheme performs query adaptive re-ranking and duplicate removal to obtain a set of images and videos for presentation along with textual answer. This scheme uses diversification methods to make the enriched media data more diverse. This scheme uses Page Ranking algorithm to retrieve more relevant and diverse search results.

Key words: Multimedia Question Answering(MMQA), Community Question Answering(cQA), question answering, media selection, Page ranking.

Reference
[1]. D. Molla and J. L. Vicedo,"Question answering in restricted domains: An overview," Computat Linguist, vol.13 no 1, pp.41-61, 2007.
[2]. L. A. Adamic, J. Zhang, E. Bakshy, and M. S. Ackerman, "Knowledge sharing and Yahoo answers: Everyone knows something," in Proc. Int. World Wide Conf., 2008.
[3]. L. Nie, M. Wang, Z. Zha, G.Li, and T.S.Cgua,"Multimedia answering: Enriching text QA with media information," in Proc.ACM Int. SIGIR Conf., 2011
[4]. Y.C. Wu and J.C.Yang,"A robust passage retrieval algorithm for video question answering"IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technolo., vol.18 , no.10,pp 1411-1421,2008
[5]. T.S.Chua,R.Hong,G.Li,and J.Tang,"From Text question-answering to multimedia QA on web-scale media resources," in Proc.ACM Workshop Large-scale Multimedia Retrieval and Mining,2009.

Anti-Wear Properties of Benzoic Acid in Karanja Oil

Abstract: Increased concerns about environmental impact caused by mineral oil based lubricants, has created a growing worldwide trend of promoting vegetable oil as base oil for lubricants. . This paper deals with the study of anti-wear and anti-friction properties of Karanja (Pongamia Pinnatta) oil and its blends containing numerous amounts of benzoic acid at variable temperatures. The experimental results indicate that Karanja oil and its blends containing benzoic acid, exhibits good anti-wear and anti-friction properties.

Key words: coefficient of friction, four-ball tester, Karanja oil, viscosity index, wear scar diameter

Reference
[1] S A Lawal, et al, "Application of vegetable oil based metalworking fluids", International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 52, 2012, 1-12.
[2] Iman Golsukhnath, et al, "Investigation of Physical Properties for Jatropha Oil in Different Temperature as Lubricant Oil", Life Science Journal, Vol: 10, 2013, 110- 119.
[3] ASTM INTERNATIONAL - D2270-04 "Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C".
[4] Amir SadaKhan, et al, "Antiwear properties of Benzoic acid in bitter rapseed oil and sesame oil at high and low temperature," International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:12 No:06, 2012, 7-12.
[5] Jayadas, N. H., and Nair, K. P., "Coconut Oil as Base Oil for Industrial Lubricants-Evaluation and Modification of Thermal, Oxidative and Low Temperature Properties," Tribology International, 39, 2006, 873-878.

Planning and Analysis of an Arched Indoor Stadium

Abstract: This paper deals with planning and designing of a multilevel indoor stadium with hanging table tennis court and Olympic standard swimming pool. In order to support the large span the stadium is designed as an arched structure. The materials for the construction are chosen so as to have a minimum carbon di-oxide foot print. Static and earthquake analysis were done by using STAAD.Pro V8i. The paper also does a comparison between arched structure and plane frame structure.

Key words: multilevel indoor stadium, hanging floor, Olympic standard swimming pool

Reference
[1] Kerala Municipal Building rule
[2] Pankaj Agarval , Manesh Shrinkande, "Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures" IS 456
[3] IS 800
[4] IS 1893
[5] IS 13920
[6] IS 875_1,875_2,875_3
[7] Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structure, Arch-Supported Tensile Structures with Very Long Clear Spans K. Hincz.
[8] Theory of arched structures: Strength, Stability, Vibration, IGOR A KARNOVSKY

CFD Based Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

Abstract: Engineers are continually being asked to improve effectiveness of heat transfer equipments. These requests may arise as a result of the need to increase profitability or accommodate capital limitations. Processes which use heat transfer equipment i.e. heat exchanger must frequently be improved for these reasons. Artifical roughness is important technique for enhancing the effectiveness of heat exchanger. In this work effectiveness of smooth as well as roughened tube in heat exchanger is theoretically investigated by using ring type roughness geometry. The performance obtained is then compared with smooth tube. Ringed tube has a significant effect on effectiveness of heat exchanger. The effectiveness is 3.2 times as compared with plane tube was reported. The effectiveness found to be increased with increasing roughness and decreasing pitch between the rings.

Key words: Heat exchanger, Effectiveness, CFD, Relative roughness.

Reference
[1]. Achenbach E. and Heinecke E., 1981. On vortex shedding from smooth and rough cylinders in the range of Reynolds numbers 6,000 – 50, 00,000. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 109, 239-251.
[2]. Chan Woo Park, Hyun Churl Cho, Yong Tae Kang, 2004. The effect of heat transfer additive and surface roughness of microscale hatched tubes on absorption performance. Elsevier science Ltd. Vol.27(3),264-270.
[3]. Gunes Sibel, Ozceyhan Veysel, Buyukalaca Orhan, 2010. Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts. Vol. 34, Issue 6, 684–691.
[4]. Gamrat G., Favre-Marinet M., Le Person S., Baviere R and Ayela F., 2008. An experimental study and modelling of roughness effects on laminar flow in micro channels. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 594, 399-423.
[5]. Garcia A., Vicente P.G., Viedma A., 2005. Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement with wire coil inserts in laminar-transition turbulent regimes at different prandtl number. Intenational journal of heat and mass transfer,Vol. 4, 640-651.

Controlling and Monitoring Of GUI Based Devices Using MATLAB

Abstract: in this project we have made a PC based system which will control various devises like Motor, Light, and Fan etc. with the help of PC. In this project we have designed a special GUI (Graphical User Interface) on MAT-LAB software which will help us to give commands to system. We have used Microcontroller in order to re-ceive commands form PC and accordingly control the devices connected to it. In this way this system is completely controlled by PC from remote location. In today's world .there is high a demand for PC based con-trol system because of its various advantages over manual control system, PC based control systems are highly reliable , accurate and time saving systems, they provide number of features like quick data storage , data trans-fer and data security which help industries to work in efficient manner.

Index Terms: MATLAB, GUI, Microcontroller AT89C51.

Reference
[1] Mat lab-Based GUI Development for Basic Stamp 2 Microcontroller Projects - Proceed-ing of the 2004 American Control Confe-rence Boston, Massachusetts June 30 - July 2, 2004
[2] GUI of System Identification Toolbox for MATLAB - Hiroyuki Takanashi and Shui-chi Adachi. Akita Prefectural University Keio University, Japan.
[3] GUI Based Device Controller Using MAT-LAB - International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 903 ISSN 2229-5518
[4] GUI Based Remote ON/OFF Control and Monitoring Single Phase Lamp Using Mi-crocontroller – Mohd Suhaimi B. Sulaima-net. al. / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 04, 2010, 1401-1405

Effect of Threshold Voltage on Various CMOS Performance Parameter

Abstract: SiO_2, once thought of as the most precious element in the design of CMOS circuits has not lived up to the expectations of being the perfect gate oxide. Efforts have been made to replace it with High K oxides such as Lanthanum Oxide (La₂O₃), Hafnium Oxide (HfO₂) and many more. This review covers the problems faced by the High K oxides, one of them being escalation in threshold voltage which results in increased power dissipation. The solution to the above stated problem is to reduce the threshold voltage by several techniques, also covered in the review. Effect of threshold voltage on leakage current and power and reliability of CMOS are also taken under consideration.

Reference
[1] Author-K. F. Albertin, M. A. Valle, and I. Pereyra., "Study of MOS Capacitors With TiO2 And SiO2/TiO2 Gate Dielectric" , Publication-Journal Integrated Circuits And Systems 2007.
[2] Author-Alice Wang, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Stephen V. Kosonock "Optimal Supply And Threshold Scaling For Subth]reshold CMOS Circuits", Publication-IEEE.
[3] J. Robertsona, Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK Received: 27 August 2004 / Accepted: 20 September 2004 Published online: 2 December 2004.
[4] Mark Horowitz, Elad Alon, Dinesh Patil, Stanford University Samuel Naffziger, Rajesh Kumar, Intel Kerry Bernst
[5] MOS Capacitor.cheming huch-5

Design and Implementation of Video Encryption for Multimedia Applications

Abstract: An explosion in the internet and other sharing technologies has made transfer and distribution of video content extremely easy. Unimpeded transfer of video and other multimedia content has lead to violation of several anti-piracy laws today. Hence, the need to prevent unauthorized distribution and protection of video data is on the rise. This paper demonstrates the lossless video encryption and decryption techniques. For encrypting the frames of the video, column and row shifting method is used, that is transposition cipher is generated. Further a password is used to encrypt the video as well.

Key words: Color, Decryption, Encryption, Multimedia security, Password, transposition cipher.

Reference
[1] M. Van Droogenbroeck , R.B., "Techniques for a selective encryption of uncompressed and compressed images". In ACIVS'02, Ghent, Belgium. Proceedings of Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 2002(2002).
[2] Mohammad Ali Bani Younes, A.J., "An Image Encryption Approach Using a Combination of Permutation Technique Followed by Encryption". IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2008. 8(april 2008): p. 191-197.
[3] L. Tang, "Methods for encrypting and decrypting MPEG video data efficiently," in Proc. of ACM Multimedia, pp. 219–229.
[4] Ade-Ibijola, Abejide Olu, " A Simulated Enhancement of Fisher-Yates Algorithm for Shuffling in Virtual Card Games using Domain-Specific Data Structures", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 54– No.11, September 2012
[5] Fisher, Ronald A.; Yates, Frank (1948) [1938]. Statistical tables for biological, agricultural and medical research (3rd ed.). London: Oliver & Boyd.

Speed Control of Induction Motor by Using Variable Frequency Drive

Abstract: The variable speed drive is focused on voltage amplitude control. However, its only control speed in constraint limits. The load on Induction Motor is not constant & vary as per load requirement. so speed must be change as per load. If the supply voltage decreased motor torque also decreases, for maintaining same torque, slip decreases hence speed falls and motor speed is directly proportional to supply frequency, hence to maintain a speed, the supply V/F ratio must be vary accordingly. But the speed is not vary proportion to application so it consume the rated power and it becomes economically disadvantages. To overcome above problem a new concept of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is introduced. Adding a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) to a motor driven system can offer potential energy saving in a system in which the load vary with time. The primary function of VFD in application is to provide energy saving, speed reduction of 20% can save energy upto 50%.

Key words: Adjustable frequency, inverter, frequency control circuit, single phase induction motor, variable speed drive

Reference
[1] Mr. Aung Zaw Latt, Dr. Ni Ni Win. "Variable Speed Drive of Single Phase Induction Motor Using Frequency Control Method" 2009 International Conference on Education Technology and Computer
[2] Auzani Jidin, Jurifa Mat Lazi, Abd Rahim Abdullah, Fazlli Patkar, Aida Fazliana Abd Kadir, Mohd Ariff Mat Hanafiah. "Speed Drive Based on Torque-Slip Characteristic of the Single Phase Induction Motor" IEEE PEDS 2005
[3] B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja, "A Textbook of Electrical Thechnology" Published by S.Chand
[4] Gopal K. Dubey, "Fundamentals of Electrical Drives" Second Edition, published by Narosa Publishing Houses

Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Passenger Car Floor.

Abstract: Simple structural surfaces (SSS) method of analysis is comparatively easy to understand. This technique may be used as a preliminary step to carry out Finite Element Analysis. This method is particularly useful in assessing possible applied load paths. Finite element analysis (FEA) involves solution of engineering problems using computers. Finite element method provides a high level of accuracy for many types of load case and can even give a reasonable prediction of accident damage. Now a day's there are various computational solvers used for analysis. In this paper only review for element type used, constraint used, load and boundary conditions which used for static strength analysis of floor of passenger car that is pre-processing step in finite element method. This paper will help for how pre-processing is done in static stiffness analysis of the car body.

Key words: Constraint, FEA, Finite element method, NASTRAN, Simple structural surfaces

Reference
[1] Lyu N. and Saitou K., Decomposition-based assembly synthesis of a 3D body-in-white model for structural stiffness, IMECE2003-43130, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress, Washington, D.C., November 15–21, 2000.
Books:
[2] J. Powloski, Vehicle body Engineering, Business book limited, 1970.
[3] M. J. Fagen, Finite Element Analysis Theory and Practice, Longman Scientific and Technology, 1992.
[4] Nitin S Gokhale, Sanjay Deshpande, Sanjeeve V. Badekar, Anand N. Thithe, practical finite element analysis 1st Edition, ISBN978-81-906195-0-9.
[5] Users Reference Manual for the Hypermesh.

Design and Simulation of Mathematical Models- An DSP and Digital Communication Based Approach

Abstract: A methodology for implementing DSP based or communication applications on a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Matlab. The DPSK system and FFT are simulated using Matlab/ Simulink environment and System Generator, a tool from Xilinx used for FPGA design as well as implemented on Spartan 3E Starter Kit boards. We proposed the concept of simulation of mathematical model on mixed HDL-Simulink using Xilinx system generator. Many applications that are DSP based or certain communication application require mathematical modelling for their easy understanding and analysis. Due to its complexity Pure HDL is unable to simulate. Also it terms to be costly and time consuming process. The implementation of FFT algorithms that can compute fourier transform of varied signals in real time for frequency analysis of signals on FPGAs (Spartan3E). With large demand for high dynamic range for applications, floating point implementation is used as fixed point implementation becomes increasingly expensive. The DPSK model are first board behaves as a modulator and the second as a demodulator. The modulator and demodulator algorithms have been implemented on FPGA using the VHDL language on Xilinx ISE.

Key words: FFT, DPSK, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays), Hardware-Software Co-simulation, MATLAB, XSG(Xilinx System Generator).

Reference
[1] Adam Milik and Andrzej Pulka "Complex Mathematical Models Simulation On Mixed HDL-Simulink Platform", in proceeding of IEEE, Poland, 2008.
[2] S.O.Popescu, A.S.Gontean and G.Budura "Simulation and Implementation of a BPSK Modulator on FPGA", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI 2011), Romania, 2011, pp.459-463.
[3] S.O.Popescu, A.S.Gontean and G.Budura "BPSK System on Spartan 3E FPGA", in proceedings of the IEEE International symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI), Romania,2012.
[4] System Generator for DSP. Getting Started Guide. Xilinx, 2008.
[5] Spartan 3E FPGA Starter Kit Board. User Guide. Xilinx, 2011.

Performance of Pitch and Stall Regulated Tidal Stream Turbines

Abstract: Controllers for a pitch and a stall regulated horizontal axial flow, variable-speed tidal stream turbine are developed, and a performance comparison is carried out. Below rated flow speed, both turbines are operated in variable-speed mode so that the optimum tip-speed ratio is maintained. One of the turbines has variable pitch blades, which above rated speed are pitched to feather in order to regulate power. The other turbine has fixed pitch blades and uses speed-assisted stall to regulate power. The control system design behind both strategies is examined in MATLAB, with the performance under turbulent flows, loading and energy yield analysis being evaluated in GH Tidal Bladed. Both strategies provide a satisfactory performance, but the out-of-plane loads on the stall regulated turbine were higher over the entire range of operation. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the stall regulated turbine require a more complex control design. The results suggest that the pitch regulated turbine would be a more attractive solution for turbine developers.

Key words: Control, pitch regulation, stall regulation, synchronous generator, tidal power, tidal stream turbine.

Reference
[1] Black and Veatch, UK Tidal Current Resource and Economics Study. Report, the Carbon Trust, 2011.
[2] Quantification of Exploitable Tidal Energy Resources in UK Waters, ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd., 2007.
[3] Accelerating Marine Energy, Carbon Trust, 2011.
[4] G.McCann, M. Thomson, and S. Hitchcock, ―Implications of site-specific conditions on the prediction of loading and power performance of a tidal stream device,‖ in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Ocean Energy (ICOE), Brest, France, 2008.
[5] I. G. Bryden, ―Tidal energy,‖ in Encyclopedia of Energy. NewYork, NY, USA: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 139–150.

A Review of Decision Based Impulse Noise Removing Algorithms

Abstract: Noises is an unwanted factor in digital image and videos, hiding the details and destroying image information. Hence denoising has great importance to restore the details and to improve the quality measures. This paper takes a look towards different type of noise found in digital images, Denoising domains, and classification of denoising filters. Some denoising filters like Median filter (MF), Adaptive median filter (AMF) and simple adaptive median filters (SAMF) are described and compared briefly. A new approach is proposed for video denoising using combination of median filters with multiple views.

Key words: Adaptive Filter, Denoising, Impulse noise, Median filter, Salt-and–pepper, Switching Median Filter

Reference
[1] Vladimir Zlokolica, Aleksandra Pizurica, and Wilfried Philips, "Video denoising using multiple class averaging with Multiresolution",University of Ghent, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41,9000 Ghent, Belgium,VLBV2003,LNCS 2849,PP. 172-179,2003, Springerverlog berlin Heidelberg 2003.
[2] Bovik, Alan C.: Handbook of Image and Video Processing (Communications, Networking and Multimedia). Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA, (2005).
[3] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Book on "Digital Image Processing", third edition, Pearson Education, pp.156-157,326,332-335,369©2008.
[4] Maria Petrou, and PanagiotaBosdogianni, "‟Image Processing: The fundamental‟‟,John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2000.
[5] Sung-JeaKo, and YoogHoon Lee, ‟‟Center weighted median filters and their application to image enhancement‟‟, IEEE Trans. Circuits and System, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 984-993, September 1991

Characterization of Magnesium Substituted Nickel Nano Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method

Abstract: Ni-Mg nano-ferrites, having the chemical formula Ni1-xMgxFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0 and 1.0), were synthesized by the Citrate- gel auto combustion method. Synthesized powders were sintered at 500˚ C for 4 hours in an air and were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. XRD analysis showed cubic spinel structure of the ferrites and the crystallite sizes (D) were found in the range of 16 nm - 36 nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) increases with the increase of Mg content obeying Vegard‟s law. The x-ray density of the samples decrease monotonically with increasing Mg content. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies revealed nano crystalline nature of the samples. An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.

Key words: Ni-Mg Nano-Ferrites; Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion; X-Ray Diffraction; SEM; EDS

Reference
[1] M. Abdullah Dar, Khalid MujasamBatoo, VivekVerma, W.A. Siddiqui, R.K., "Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized pure and Al-doped lithium ferrite having high value of dielectric constant" Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 493,pp 553–560,2010.
[2] K.H.Maria, S.Choudhary,M.A.Hakim , "Complex Permeability and Transport Properties of Zn Substituted Cu ferrites",Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences,Vol.34, No1,pp1-8,2010.
[3] M.H.Khedr, , "Effect of firing temperature and compacting pressure on the magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrite",Journal of physicochemical problems of mineral processing, Vol 38,pp 311-320,2004.
[4] N.S. Bhattacharyya, G.P.Srivatava,On the instability threshold of cobalt substituted Ni-Al ferrite at high-microwave- power levels, J .Mag & Mag. Mat.262,pp 212,2003.
[5] Ishino K &NarumiyaY,Ceram Bull 66(1987)1469.

A Survey on Modeling and Simulation of MEMS Switches and Its Application in Power Gating Techniques

Abstract: Large numbers of techniques have been developed to reduce the leakage power, including supply voltage scaling, varying threshold voltages, smaller logic banks, etc. Power gating is a technique which is used to reduce the static power when the sleep transistor is in off condition. Micro Electro mechanical System (MEMS) switches have properties that are very close to an ideal switch, with infinite off-resistance due to an air gap and low on-resistance due to the ohmic metal to metal contact that is formed. In this paper, we discussed the MEMS switch, its material selection and its working in power gated circuits for the purpose of massive reduction of leakage power. This CMOS- MEMS combination provides high switching speed, very clean contacts, less reliability and less lifetime.

Key words: MEMS, MTCMOS, RF-MEMS Switch, power gating, Electrostatic MEMS switch, static power

Reference
[1] Guisbiers. G, E. Herth, B. Legrand, N. Rolland, T. Lasri, and L. Buchaillot, "Materials selection procedure for RF MEMS", Micro-electronic Engineering, Vol. 87, No-9, pp.1792-1795, 2010.
[2] Zlatoljub, D. Milosavljevic, "RF-MEMS Switches," Microwave Review, Vol-10, No-1, June 2004
[3] J. B. Muldavin, G. M. Rebeiz, "High Isolation Inductively Tuned X-Band MEMS Shunt Switches", IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Boston, Massachusets, pp. 169- 172, USA, June 2000.
[4] Shobak. H, Ghoneim. M, E.l Boghdady.N, Halawa. S, "Power Gating of VLSI Circuits Using MEMS Switches in Low Power Applications" IEEE International conference on Microelectronics (ICM), pp.1-5. Dec.2011
[5] Z. D. Milosavljevic, "A Model of an Inductively Tuned MEMS Shunt Switch", Proce. Workshop on RF Circ. Technology, Cambridge, UK, March 2002.

Characterization of Nano-Structured Nickel-Cobalt Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method

Abstract: Nano-ferrites of the composition Ni1-xCoxFe2O4(where x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.80 and 1.0) were synthesized at a very low temperature (180°C) by Citrate-gel auto combustion method The synthesized powders were sintered at 5000C for four hours in an air and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure of ferrites. The crystallite size was in the range of 20nm to 31 nm. Such low nano sized ferrites are desirable for variety of applications like, in magnetic data storage and in etc. Morphological studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed formation of largely agglomerated, well defined nano particles of the sample. Elemental composition characterizations of the prepared samples were performed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) which shows the presence of Ni, CO, Fe and O without precipitating cations.

Key words: Ni-Co Nano ferrites; Citrate-gel auto combustion; X-ray Diffraction; SEM; EDS;

Reference
[1] A.T. Ngo, M.P. Pileni, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 53.
[2] S. Singhal, J. Singh, S.K. Barthwal, K. Chandra, J. Solid State Chem. 178 (2005) 3183.
[3] M.H. Sousa, F.A. Tourinbo, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2000) 168.
[4] K. Raj, R. Moskowitz, R. Casciari, J. Magn. Magn. Mater.149 (1995) 174.
[5] G. Bate, in: D.J. Craik (Ed.), L Magnetic Oxides, Part 2, Wiley Inter Science, New York, 1975, p. 703.

Onset of Convection in a Nanofluid Saturated Porous Layer with Temperature Dependent Viscosity

Abstract: The effect of nanofluid viscosity varying exponentially with temperature on the onset of convection in a layer of nanofluid saturated Darcy porous medium is investigated. The nanoparticle flux is zero condition on the boundaries is invoked to account for physically realistic situation. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically using the Galerkin method. It is observed that the instability sets in only as stationary convection and the occurrence of oscillatory convection is ruled out. The effect of viscosity parameter on the characteristics of stability is found to be significant and dual in nature. The onset of convection is hastened and the size of convection cells is enlarged with an increase in the value of modified diffusivity ratio, concentration Darcy-Rayleigh number, the modified particle density increment parameter and the Lewis number.

Key words: nanofluid, porous medium, variable viscosity, Galerkin method, thermal convection

Reference
[1] S. Kakac and A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Review of convectiveheat transfer enhancement with nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 52, 2009, 3187-3196.
[2] W. Yu and H.Xie, AReview on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications. J. Nanomaterials.2012,1-17.
[3] E.K. Goharshadi, H. Ahmadzadeh, S. Samiee and M. Hadadian, Nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement-a review,Phys. Chem. Res. 1, 2013, 1-33.
[4] J. Kim, Y. T. Kang and C. K. Choi, Analysis of convective instability and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids, Phys. Fluids16, 2004, 2395-2401.
[5] D. A. Nield and A.V.Kuznetsov, Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid,Int. J. Heat Mass Trans.52, 2009, 5796-5801.

Design, Analysis, Implementation and Synthesis of 16 bit Reversible ALU by using Xilinx 12.2

Abstract: In the modern world, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the most crucial components of any system and is used in many appliances like calculators, cell phones, and computers and so on. An arithmetic logic unit is a multi-functional circuit that conditionally performs one of several possible functions on two operands A and B depending on control inputs. This paper proposes the design of programmable reversible logic gate structures, targeted for the ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU. Reversible or information-lossless circuits have applications in digital signal processing, communication, computer graphics and cryptography. This ALU consists of thirteen operations, 5 arithmetic, 4 logical operations and 4 shifting operations. All the modules are being designed using the basic reversible gates. Using reversible logic gates instead of traditional logic AND/OR gates, a reversible ALU whose function is the same as traditional ALU is constructed. Comparing with the number of input bits and the discarded bits of the traditional ALU, the reversible ALU significantly reduce the use and loss of information bits. The proposed reversible 16-bit ALU reduces the information bits use and loss by reusing the logic information bits logically and realizes the goal of lowering power consumption of logic circuits. Programmable reversible logic gates are realized in Verilog by using XILINX 12.2.

Key words: ALU, Digital Signal processing, power Consumption, Reversible logic gates.

Reference
[1] Landauer, R., "Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process", IBM J.Research and Development, vol. 5 (3): pp. 183-191, 1961.
[2] Bennett, C.H., "Logical reversibility of computation", IBM J. Research and Development, vol. 17: pp. 525-532, 1973.
[3] B. Raghu Kanth1, B. Murali Krishna2, G. Phani Kumar3, J. Poornima4, K. Siva Rama Krishna " A Comparitive Study Of Reversible Logic Gates"International Journal of VLSI & Signal Processing Applications, Vol.2,Issue 1, Feb 2012.
[4] Himanshu Thapliyal ,Nagarajan Ranganathan "A New Reversible Design of BCD Adder " IEEE conference on Design and automation, 2011 pp.1-4.
[5] Zhijin Guan, Wenjuan Li, Weiping Ding, Yueqin Hang, Lihui Ni"An Arithmetic Logic Unit design based on reversible logic gates "IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PacRim), 2011.

Dynamic Carpooling Using Wireless Ad-Hoc Network

Abstract: The increase in awareness about the conservation of natural resources in today's world, has led to carpooling becoming a widely followed practice. Carpooling refers to sharing of a vehicle with other passengers, thus reducing the fuel costs endured by the passengers, had they traveled individually. Carpooling helps reduce fuel consumption, thereby helping conserve the natural resources. Conventional Carpooling Portals require the users to register themselves and input their desired departure and destination points. These portals maintain a database of the users and map them with the users, who have registered for their cars to be pooled. This paper proposes a decentralized method of dynamic carpooling using the Wireless Ad-hoc Network, instead of having the users to register on a Web Portal. The user's device, requesting for the carpool service can directly talk to another user's device, providing the pooled car, using the Wireless Ad-hoc Network, thereby eliminating the need for the user to connect to the internet to access the web portal.

Key words: carpool, wireless, ad-hoc, wi-fi direct

Reference
[1] Rendong Bai; Singhal, M., "Carpooling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: the Case of Multiple-Target Route Discovery," Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks and Workshops, 2007. WiOpt 2007. 5th International Symposium on, vol., no., pp.1, 9, 16-20 April 2007 doi: 10.1109/WIOPT.2007.4480 025
[2] Nianbo Liu, Yong Feng, Feng Wang, Bang Liu, and Jinchuan Tang, "Mobility Crowdsourcing: Toward Zero-Effort Carpooling on Individual Smartphone," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2013, Article ID 615282, 9 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/615282
[3] Biplav Srivastava, ""MAKING CAR POOLING WORK – MYTHS AND WHERE TO START" - IBM Research Report, RI 12014.
[4] Jinqi Zhu, Yong Feng, and Bang Liu, "PASS: Parking-Lot-Assisted Carpool over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2013, Article ID 491756, 9 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/491756
[5] R. Manzini and A. Pareschi, "A Decision-Support System for the Car Pooling Problem," Journal of Transportation Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 85-101. doi: 10.4236/jtts.2012.22011.

Green Computing-A Study

Abstract: Information technology as an industry has been steadily increasing over the past decade or so. With an ever increasing presence of internet and e-commerce in the life of an average citizen, the growth on industry at such an alarming rate is only quite reasonable. Along with such a substantial growth it becomes vital to see what adverse effects this will cause to the environment. Moreover it is essential to check the impact these newly formed or existing corporations have on the environment and any measures taken on their part will be a direct measure of the company's corporate social responsibility.This paper discusses as to what is green computing ,why it is required and highlights the practices an organization cn follow to achieve the same.

Index Terms: Green computing, Sustainable practices,IT standards

Reference
[1] Rouse, M. (2010, May). Search data Center. Retrieved April07,2014,.[Online].Available. http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/green-computing.
[2] Murugesan, S. (2008).' Harnessing green IT: Principles and Practices'. Pittsburg: IEEE Computer society.
[3] Scumniotales, J. (2012, 11 06). Achieving Hard ROI with Verdiem Surveyor and Cisco EnergyWise. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from Verdiem Corporation: [Online], Available: http://www.verdiem.com/print/2391
[4] Jansen, C., Techopedia. Retrieved April 07, 2014,from 'GreenComputing:''[Online]. Availble: http://www.techopedia.com/definition/14753/green-computing [5] Pushtikant Malviya, ShailendraSingh. (2013). A Study about Green Computing. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 790-794

Design of Mobile Relay in Data-Rigorous Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used in variety of data rigorous application like traffic monitoring, agriculture, network centric warfare, forest area monitoring. The challenging task in WSN is to transmit the gathered data to the base station within the application's life time. In this paper we are proposing a concept on how to use mobile relay which have more energy than the static sensors to minimize the power consumption in data rigorous wireless sensor networks and this approach don't require complex movement of mobile nodes, so it can be effectively used with minimal cost.

Key words: Energy Optimization, Mobile node, Relay node, Wireless Sensor Networks

Reference
[1] K. Dantu, M. Rahimi, H.Shah, S. Babel, A. Dhariwal, and G.S.Sukhatme, "Robomote: Enabling Mobility in Sensor Networks",in IPSN,2005.
[2] http://www.k team.com/robots/khepera/inde x.html.
[3] J.-H. Kim, D.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, and K.-T. Seow, Soccer Robotics, Springer, 2004.
[4] Fatme El-Moukaddem, Eric Torng, Guoliang Xing" Mobile Relay Configuration in Data-intensive Wireless Sensor Networks" in IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing, 2013.
[5] J. Luo and J.-P. Hubaux, Joint Mobility and Routing for Lifetime Elongation in Wireless Sensor Networks, in INFOCOM, 2005.

Estimation of Coefficient of Pressure in High Rise Buildings Using Artificial Neural Network

Abstract: Tendency to build more slender and more flexible tall buildings have made these structures susceptible to action of wind. Therefore, wind force is one of the prime considerations in design of tall buildings. The prediction of wind-induced pressure coefficients on the surface of the buildings is of considerable practical importance. Wind tunnel testing is one of the main methods for wind load determination on structures. But this being, time consuming and costly wind tunnel tests can only cover a limited number of cases. The present work focuses on the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate pressure coefficients on surface of tall buildings. In the present study, two cases of training data set (consisting of geometrical coordinates of pressure points and angle at which wind strikes at the face of the building as the input to the network) has been used to predict the wind- induced `pressure coefficients Cp (mean) (output of the network) for the previously any wind incident angle. The performance of the network is assessed in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficient R. From the present study, it is concluded that the value of Cp (Mean) goes on decreasing with increase in Wind Incidence Angle for the same pressure point. Also, suction effect is noticed near the corners of the building.

Key words: Artificial Neural Networks, coefficients, Root Mean Square Error, Wind Incident Angle

Reference
[1] Anderson, J. A., An Introduction to Neural Networks, A Bradford Book, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1995)
[2] Arbib, M. A., The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1995)
[3] Aleksander, I., and Morton, H., Neurons and Symbols: The Stuff That Mind is Made of, Chapman and Hall, London (1993)
[4] Flood, I., Kartam, N., Neural Networks in Civil Engineering I: Principles and Understanding, ASCE J. Computations Civ. Eng. 8(2) 131- 148, (1994)
[5] Fu, J.Y., Xie, Z. N., Li. Q. S., Equivalent Static Wind Loads on Long- Span Roof Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE. 134(7): 1115-1128, (2008)

Vigorous Generation of Electric Power by Implementing Lunar Power System

Abstract: This Paper gives an approach to the implementation of Lunar Solar Power (LSP) generation. The LSP System is a reasonable alternative to supply earth's needs for commercial energy without the undesirable characteristics of current options. The long term exploration and colonization of the solar system for scientific research and commercial interest depends critically on the availability of electrical energy. In this paper first we discuss about the present power scenario and to improve the power necessity for the future decades, the construction of LSP station, transmits electricity produced in moon to the earth, preferring microwave for transmitting the electricity, At last we discuss about the cost of installing the project and how to minimize the installation cost.

Index Terms: About Lunar Solar Power, Rectennas, Microwave, Solar cells, Relay satellites, Solar Power satellites.

Reference
[1] Alex Ignatiev, Alexandre Freundlich, and Charles Horton., "Electric Power Development on the Moon from In-Situ Lunar Resources", Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Materials University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[2] Criswell, D. R. and Waldron, R. D., "Results of analysis of a lunar-based power System to supply Earth with 20,000GW of Electric power", SPS 91 Power from Space Paris/Gif-sur-Yvette 27 to 30 August 1991, pp. 186-193
[3] Dr. David R. Criswell.," Lunar solar Power utilization of lunar materials and Economic development of the moon".
[4] Dr. David R. Criswell.," Solar Power via the Moon"
[5] G.L.Kulcinski.,"Lunar Solar Power System", lecture 35, April 26, 2004.

Review on Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beam without Transverse Reinforcement

Abstract: Shear failure of the concrete beam depends upon various parameters. On the basis of various parameters, numerous studies have been done to assured the actual behaviour of shear failure. After a long research still it is controversial regarding the exact shear behaviour of reinforced cement concrete structure elements. The paper presents a comparative study of reinforced concrete beams on shear behaviour having no transverse reinforcement by using various design approaches like ACI, Canadian, AASHTO, European Code, British Standard, Zararis and equation purposed by Ahmed et al.

Key words: reinforced concrete beam; Shear failure; Transverse Reinforcement; Mode of Shear failure

Reference
[1] Evan, C. B., Frank J. V., Michael, P. C., Simplified Modified Compression Field Theory for Calculating Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Elements ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 4, July-August 2006.
[2] Ahmad, S. H., .Rafeeqi, S.F.A., Fareed S., ―Shear Strength of Normal and Light Weight Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams without Web Reinforcement‖ Journal of Emerging Trends in. Engineering and Applied Sciences.v.2,aug-2011. pp.967-971
[3] Kim, W., and White, R.N., ―Hypothesis for Localized Horizontal Shearing Failure Mechanism of Slender RC Beams,‖ Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V.125, No.10, Oct. 1999, pp. 1126-1135.
[4] Fergusion,P.M., ―Some Implication Of Recent Diagonal Tension Test‖Journal Of ACI,28(2)(1956),pp.157-172.
[5] Adebar, P., Collins, M.P. (1996). ―Shear strength of members without transverse reinforcement‖. Canadian Journal of Civil Engeenering, Vol. 23, 1996, pp. 30-41.

Bit Error Rate Testers-A Study

Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of the various BERT (bit error rate testers), which are used widely for measuring the performance of any digital communication systems.

Key words: BERT; Monte Carlo (MC); IS (importance sampling); software based BERT; hardware based BERT; FPGA based BERT;

Reference
[1] A. Alimohammad, S. F. Fard, and B. F. Cockburn, "FPGA-based accelerator for the verification of leading-edge wireless systems," in Proc. IEEE Int. DAC, Jul. 2009, pp. 844–847.
[2] Breed, G. (2003, January). Bit Error Rate: Fundamental concepts and measurement issues. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from high frequency electronics: http://www.high frequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Jan03/HFE0103_Tutorial.pdf[
[3] Bohdanowicz, A. (n.d.). On Efficient BER Evaluation of Digital Communication Systems via Importance Sampling. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from CiteSeerx: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.2785&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[4] Peter J. Smith, Mansoor Sha_ and Hongsheng Gao, \Quick sim-ulation: A review of importance sampling techniques in communication systems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 15, pp. 597{613, May 1997.
[5] A. Alimohammad, S. F. Fard, and B. F. Cockburn, "FPGA-accelerated baseband design and verification of broadband MIMO wireless systems,"in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Conf. Adv. Syst. Testing Validation, Sep. 2009,pp. 135–140.

DSTATCOM Based Design and Analysis of Phase Shifted and Level Shifted Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Power Quality Enhancement

Abstract: The Multilevel voltage source converters are issuing as a new engender of power converter choices for high power applications like in Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). In this paper presents a study of comparison between level shifted PWM and phase shifted PWM Cascaded H – bridge (CHB) Inverter as DSTATCOM in Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and harmonics. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Linear Loads. The transient response of the DSTATCOM is very much important while compensating quickly changing unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Any change in the load affects the dc-link voltage directly. For this a fast acting dc link voltage controller used to generate the reference compensating currents for DSTATCOM. Finally a seven level of level shifted PWM and phase shifted PWM techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Key words: Cascaded Hybrid Bridge (CHB), DC-link voltage controller, DSTATCOM, fast transient response, harmonics, load compensation, power factor, power quality (PQ), unbalance, voltage-source inverter (VSI).

Reference
[1] Bhim Singh, Kamal Al-Haddad & Ambrish Chandra, "A New Control Approach to 3-phase Active Filter for Harmonics and Reactive Power Compensation"-IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 46, NO. 5, pp.133 – 138, Oct-1999
[2] W. K. Chang, W. M. Grady, Austin, M. J. Samotyj "Meeting IEEE- 519 Harmonic Voltage and Voltage Distortion Constraints with an Active Power Line Conditioner"- IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol.9, No.3, pp.1531-1537, 1994
[3] Hirofumi Akagi, "Trends in Active Power Line Conditioners"- IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, Vol.9, No.3, May-1994
[4] W.M.Grady, M.J.Samotyj, A.H.Noyola "Survey of Active Power Line Conditioning Methodologies" IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol.5, No.3, pp.1536-1542, July-1990
[5] L. Gyugyi, E. C. Strycula, "Active AC Power Filters"- in Proc. IEEE/IAS Annu. Meeting, Vol.19-c, pp 529-535, 1976

Numerical Investigation of Single Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer In Rectangular Micro Channel Using Nanofluids as A Cooling Liquid

Abstract: In this paper The Thermal behaviour of Micro channel heat sink were investigated used Al₂o₃-water base nanoluid. The model have been solved by ANSYS fluent 14.5 solver. The Dimension of each rectangular channel is 215𝝻m width, 821𝝻m depth and 4.48cm length. The Reynolds number range from 200 to 400 for power input 100 w. The high thermal conductivity of nanoparticles is shown to enhance the single phase heat transfer coefficient, especially for laminar flow. Higher heat transfer coefficient were achieved mostly in entrances region of micro channels. The enhancement was weaker in fully developed region.

Reference
[1] WeilinQu, IssamMudawar. "Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single phase microchannel", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 2549-2565
[2] SadikKakaç,AnchasaPramuanjaroenkij." Review of convective heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 3187–3196
[3] Xiang-Qi Wang, Arun S. Mujumdar."Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review " ,International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46 (2007) 1–19.
[4] R.Saidura,,K.Y.Leongb,H.A.Mohammad."A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids" , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 1646–1668.
[5] SeokPilJang , Stephen U.S. Choi. "Cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with nanofluids " ,Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 2457–2463.

A Microstripe Slotted Patch Antenna Using Amc

Abstract: Microstrip patch antenna offer an attractive solution to compact and ease-low-cost design of modern wireless communication system due to their many advantages as light weight and low volume, low profile, planer configuration which can be easily made conformal to low fabrication cost and capability of obtaining dual and triple frequency operations. A microstrip patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement by means of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/electromagnetic band-gap structure (EBG) is studied in this paper. The three different geometry shapes, the U, E and H are developed from rectangular patch. The antennas studied in this paper are simulated using sonnet software and results compared with the conventional rectangular patch antenna. The results obtained clearly shows that , bandwidth of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna can be enhanced has been studied

Key words: Microstrip patch antenna, Bandwidth, AMC, EBG, Frequency, Wireless communication system

Reference
[1]. S.K Behera, "Novel Tuned Rectangular Patch Antenna as a load for phase power combining" Ph.D Thesis, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
[2]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna," Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application" Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2013, pp 94-98.
[3]. Sandeep Kumar, Suresh Sahni, Ugra Mohan Kumar, Devendra Singh," Design Of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Squarepatch Antenna For Improved Bandwidth And Directive Gain With Low Return Loss" IJECET Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April, 2013, pp. 324-331
[4]. C. A Balanis, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design" Wiley, 2nd edition, chapter 14. 1997
[5]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna," Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application" Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , 2013, pp 94-98

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Multimedia Question Answering System Using Page Ranking Algorithm Multimedia Question Answering System Using Page Ranking Algorithm Abstract: In general, existing cQA forums provide only textual answers, which are not informative enough for many questions. Conventional MMQA aims to seek multimedia answers without the assistance of textual answers. This MMQA scheme using diversification method is able to enrich textual answers in cQA with appropriate meta data which improves the informativeness and it bridges two gaps (i) The gap between questions and textual answers (ii) The gap between textual answer and multimedia answer. This scheme consists of three components: answer medium selection, query generation and data selection and presentation. This scheme determines the type of media information that can be added for a textual answer. This scheme predicts the type of medium to be added using Naïve Bayes Classifier, it automatically generates query based on QA knowledge and performs multimedia search. Finally this scheme performs query adaptive re-ranking and duplicate removal to obtain a set of images and videos for presentation along with textual answer. This scheme uses diversification methods to make the enriched media data more diverse. This scheme uses Page Ranking algorithm to retrieve more relevant and diverse search results. Key words: Multimedia Question Answering(MMQA), Community Question Answering(cQA), question answering, media selection, Page ranking. Reference [1]. D. Molla and J. L. Vicedo,"Question answering in restricted domains: An overview," Computat Linguist, vol.13 no 1, pp.41-61, 2007. [2]. L. A. Adamic, J. Zhang, E. Bakshy, and M. S. Ackerman, "Knowledge sharing and Yahoo answers: Everyone knows something," in Proc. Int. World Wide Conf., 2008. [3]. L. Nie, M. Wang, Z. Zha, G.Li, and T.S.Cgua,"Multimedia answering: Enriching text QA with media information," in Proc.ACM Int. SIGIR Conf., 2011 [4]. Y.C. Wu and J.C.Yang,"A robust passage retrieval algorithm for video question answering"IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technolo., vol.18 , no.10,pp 1411-1421,2008 [5]. T.S.Chua,R.Hong,G.Li,and J.Tang,"From Text question-answering to multimedia QA on web-scale media resources," in Proc.ACM Workshop Large-scale Multimedia Retrieval and Mining,2009. R.M.Teepika, P.J.Thanusu Prabha, Ms.N.D.Thamarai selvi	01-05
2.	Anti-Wear Properties of Benzoic Acid in Karanja Oil Anti-Wear Properties of Benzoic Acid in Karanja Oil Abstract: Increased concerns about environmental impact caused by mineral oil based lubricants, has created a growing worldwide trend of promoting vegetable oil as base oil for lubricants. . This paper deals with the study of anti-wear and anti-friction properties of Karanja (Pongamia Pinnatta) oil and its blends containing numerous amounts of benzoic acid at variable temperatures. The experimental results indicate that Karanja oil and its blends containing benzoic acid, exhibits good anti-wear and anti-friction properties. Key words: coefficient of friction, four-ball tester, Karanja oil, viscosity index, wear scar diameter Reference [1] S A Lawal, et al, "Application of vegetable oil based metalworking fluids", International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 52, 2012, 1-12. [2] Iman Golsukhnath, et al, "Investigation of Physical Properties for Jatropha Oil in Different Temperature as Lubricant Oil", Life Science Journal, Vol: 10, 2013, 110- 119. [3] ASTM INTERNATIONAL - D2270-04 "Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C". [4] Amir SadaKhan, et al, "Antiwear properties of Benzoic acid in bitter rapseed oil and sesame oil at high and low temperature," International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:12 No:06, 2012, 7-12. [5] Jayadas, N. H., and Nair, K. P., "Coconut Oil as Base Oil for Industrial Lubricants-Evaluation and Modification of Thermal, Oxidative and Low Temperature Properties," Tribology International, 39, 2006, 873-878. Anand H, K M Peethambaran, Mr. Mahipal D	06-08
3.	Planning and Analysis of an Arched Indoor Stadium Planning and Analysis of an Arched Indoor Stadium Abstract: This paper deals with planning and designing of a multilevel indoor stadium with hanging table tennis court and Olympic standard swimming pool. In order to support the large span the stadium is designed as an arched structure. The materials for the construction are chosen so as to have a minimum carbon di-oxide foot print. Static and earthquake analysis were done by using STAAD.Pro V8i. The paper also does a comparison between arched structure and plane frame structure. Key words: multilevel indoor stadium, hanging floor, Olympic standard swimming pool Reference [1] Kerala Municipal Building rule [2] Pankaj Agarval , Manesh Shrinkande, "Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures" IS 456 [3] IS 800 [4] IS 1893 [5] IS 13920 [6] IS 875_1,875_2,875_3 [7] Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structure, Arch-Supported Tensile Structures with Very Long Clear Spans K. Hincz. [8] Theory of arched structures: Strength, Stability, Vibration, IGOR A KARNOVSKY Alice T V, Harisankar S, Jithin U K, Soorya S R, Sukanya Krishnan	09-12
4.	CFD Based Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of Counter Flow Heat Exchanger CFD Based Evaluation Of Effectiveness Of Counter Flow Heat Exchanger Abstract: Engineers are continually being asked to improve effectiveness of heat transfer equipments. These requests may arise as a result of the need to increase profitability or accommodate capital limitations. Processes which use heat transfer equipment i.e. heat exchanger must frequently be improved for these reasons. Artifical roughness is important technique for enhancing the effectiveness of heat exchanger. In this work effectiveness of smooth as well as roughened tube in heat exchanger is theoretically investigated by using ring type roughness geometry. The performance obtained is then compared with smooth tube. Ringed tube has a significant effect on effectiveness of heat exchanger. The effectiveness is 3.2 times as compared with plane tube was reported. The effectiveness found to be increased with increasing roughness and decreasing pitch between the rings. Key words: Heat exchanger, Effectiveness, CFD, Relative roughness. Reference [1]. Achenbach E. and Heinecke E., 1981. On vortex shedding from smooth and rough cylinders in the range of Reynolds numbers 6,000 – 50, 00,000. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 109, 239-251. [2]. Chan Woo Park, Hyun Churl Cho, Yong Tae Kang, 2004. The effect of heat transfer additive and surface roughness of microscale hatched tubes on absorption performance. Elsevier science Ltd. Vol.27(3),264-270. [3]. Gunes Sibel, Ozceyhan Veysel, Buyukalaca Orhan, 2010. Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts. Vol. 34, Issue 6, 684–691. [4]. Gamrat G., Favre-Marinet M., Le Person S., Baviere R and Ayela F., 2008. An experimental study and modelling of roughness effects on laminar flow in micro channels. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 594, 399-423. [5]. Garcia A., Vicente P.G., Viedma A., 2005. Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement with wire coil inserts in laminar-transition turbulent regimes at different prandtl number. Intenational journal of heat and mass transfer,Vol. 4, 640-651. Gurpreet Kour	13-16
5.	Controlling and Monitoring Of GUI Based Devices Using MATLAB Controlling and Monitoring Of GUI Based Devices Using MATLAB Abstract: in this project we have made a PC based system which will control various devises like Motor, Light, and Fan etc. with the help of PC. In this project we have designed a special GUI (Graphical User Interface) on MAT-LAB software which will help us to give commands to system. We have used Microcontroller in order to re-ceive commands form PC and accordingly control the devices connected to it. In this way this system is completely controlled by PC from remote location. In today's world .there is high a demand for PC based con-trol system because of its various advantages over manual control system, PC based control systems are highly reliable , accurate and time saving systems, they provide number of features like quick data storage , data trans-fer and data security which help industries to work in efficient manner. Index Terms: MATLAB, GUI, Microcontroller AT89C51. Reference [1] Mat lab-Based GUI Development for Basic Stamp 2 Microcontroller Projects - Proceed-ing of the 2004 American Control Confe-rence Boston, Massachusetts June 30 - July 2, 2004 [2] GUI of System Identification Toolbox for MATLAB - Hiroyuki Takanashi and Shui-chi Adachi. Akita Prefectural University Keio University, Japan. [3] GUI Based Device Controller Using MAT-LAB - International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 903 ISSN 2229-5518 [4] GUI Based Remote ON/OFF Control and Monitoring Single Phase Lamp Using Mi-crocontroller – Mohd Suhaimi B. Sulaima-net. al. / (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 02, No. 04, 2010, 1401-1405 Nidhi Mishra, Mayuri S. Sonar, Shruti V. Kulkarni, Shweta S. Dabhole	17-20
6.	Effect of Threshold Voltage on Various CMOS Performance Parameter Effect of Threshold Voltage on Various CMOS Performance Parameter Abstract: SiO_2, once thought of as the most precious element in the design of CMOS circuits has not lived up to the expectations of being the perfect gate oxide. Efforts have been made to replace it with High K oxides such as Lanthanum Oxide (La₂O₃), Hafnium Oxide (HfO₂) and many more. This review covers the problems faced by the High K oxides, one of them being escalation in threshold voltage which results in increased power dissipation. The solution to the above stated problem is to reduce the threshold voltage by several techniques, also covered in the review. Effect of threshold voltage on leakage current and power and reliability of CMOS are also taken under consideration. Reference [1] Author-K. F. Albertin, M. A. Valle, and I. Pereyra., "Study of MOS Capacitors With TiO2 And SiO2/TiO2 Gate Dielectric" , Publication-Journal Integrated Circuits And Systems 2007. [2] Author-Alice Wang, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Stephen V. Kosonock "Optimal Supply And Threshold Scaling For Subth]reshold CMOS Circuits", Publication-IEEE. [3] J. Robertsona, Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK Received: 27 August 2004 / Accepted: 20 September 2004 Published online: 2 December 2004. [4] Mark Horowitz, Elad Alon, Dinesh Patil, Stanford University Samuel Naffziger, Rajesh Kumar, Intel Kerry Bernst [5] MOS Capacitor.cheming huch-5 Mr. Abhishek Verma, Dr. Anup Mishra, Archana Singh, Ankita Agrawal	21-28
7.	Design and Implementation of Video Encryption for Multimedia Applications Design and Implementation of Video Encryption for Multimedia Applications Abstract: An explosion in the internet and other sharing technologies has made transfer and distribution of video content extremely easy. Unimpeded transfer of video and other multimedia content has lead to violation of several anti-piracy laws today. Hence, the need to prevent unauthorized distribution and protection of video data is on the rise. This paper demonstrates the lossless video encryption and decryption techniques. For encrypting the frames of the video, column and row shifting method is used, that is transposition cipher is generated. Further a password is used to encrypt the video as well. Key words: Color, Decryption, Encryption, Multimedia security, Password, transposition cipher. Reference [1] M. Van Droogenbroeck , R.B., "Techniques for a selective encryption of uncompressed and compressed images". In ACIVS'02, Ghent, Belgium. Proceedings of Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 2002(2002). [2] Mohammad Ali Bani Younes, A.J., "An Image Encryption Approach Using a Combination of Permutation Technique Followed by Encryption". IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2008. 8(april 2008): p. 191-197. [3] L. Tang, "Methods for encrypting and decrypting MPEG video data efficiently," in Proc. of ACM Multimedia, pp. 219–229. [4] Ade-Ibijola, Abejide Olu, " A Simulated Enhancement of Fisher-Yates Algorithm for Shuffling in Virtual Card Games using Domain-Specific Data Structures", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 54– No.11, September 2012 [5] Fisher, Ronald A.; Yates, Frank (1948) [1938]. Statistical tables for biological, agricultural and medical research (3rd ed.). London: Oliver & Boyd. Pranav Aggarwal, Skanda Vishwanath	29-34
8.	Speed Control of Induction Motor by Using Variable Frequency Drive Speed Control of Induction Motor by Using Variable Frequency Drive Abstract: The variable speed drive is focused on voltage amplitude control. However, its only control speed in constraint limits. The load on Induction Motor is not constant & vary as per load requirement. so speed must be change as per load. If the supply voltage decreased motor torque also decreases, for maintaining same torque, slip decreases hence speed falls and motor speed is directly proportional to supply frequency, hence to maintain a speed, the supply V/F ratio must be vary accordingly. But the speed is not vary proportion to application so it consume the rated power and it becomes economically disadvantages. To overcome above problem a new concept of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is introduced. Adding a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) to a motor driven system can offer potential energy saving in a system in which the load vary with time. The primary function of VFD in application is to provide energy saving, speed reduction of 20% can save energy upto 50%. Key words: Adjustable frequency, inverter, frequency control circuit, single phase induction motor, variable speed drive Reference [1] Mr. Aung Zaw Latt, Dr. Ni Ni Win. "Variable Speed Drive of Single Phase Induction Motor Using Frequency Control Method" 2009 International Conference on Education Technology and Computer [2] Auzani Jidin, Jurifa Mat Lazi, Abd Rahim Abdullah, Fazlli Patkar, Aida Fazliana Abd Kadir, Mohd Ariff Mat Hanafiah. "Speed Drive Based on Torque-Slip Characteristic of the Single Phase Induction Motor" IEEE PEDS 2005 [3] B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja, "A Textbook of Electrical Thechnology" Published by S.Chand [4] Gopal K. Dubey, "Fundamentals of Electrical Drives" Second Edition, published by Narosa Publishing Houses Pooja Shinde, Rupali Burungale, Pooja Kale, Purvee Jain	35-37
9.	Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Passenger Car Floor. Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Passenger Car Floor. Abstract: Simple structural surfaces (SSS) method of analysis is comparatively easy to understand. This technique may be used as a preliminary step to carry out Finite Element Analysis. This method is particularly useful in assessing possible applied load paths. Finite element analysis (FEA) involves solution of engineering problems using computers. Finite element method provides a high level of accuracy for many types of load case and can even give a reasonable prediction of accident damage. Now a day's there are various computational solvers used for analysis. In this paper only review for element type used, constraint used, load and boundary conditions which used for static strength analysis of floor of passenger car that is pre-processing step in finite element method. This paper will help for how pre-processing is done in static stiffness analysis of the car body. Key words: Constraint, FEA, Finite element method, NASTRAN, Simple structural surfaces Reference [1] Lyu N. and Saitou K., Decomposition-based assembly synthesis of a 3D body-in-white model for structural stiffness, IMECE2003-43130, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress, Washington, D.C., November 15–21, 2000. Books: [2] J. Powloski, Vehicle body Engineering, Business book limited, 1970. [3] M. J. Fagen, Finite Element Analysis Theory and Practice, Longman Scientific and Technology, 1992. [4] Nitin S Gokhale, Sanjay Deshpande, Sanjeeve V. Badekar, Anand N. Thithe, practical finite element analysis 1st Edition, ISBN978-81-906195-0-9. [5] Users Reference Manual for the Hypermesh. Abhijeet Shinde, Prof. Dhananjay Thombare	38-42
10.	Design and Simulation of Mathematical Models- An DSP and Digital Communication Based Approach Design and Simulation of Mathematical Models- An DSP and Digital Communication Based Approach Abstract: A methodology for implementing DSP based or communication applications on a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Matlab. The DPSK system and FFT are simulated using Matlab/ Simulink environment and System Generator, a tool from Xilinx used for FPGA design as well as implemented on Spartan 3E Starter Kit boards. We proposed the concept of simulation of mathematical model on mixed HDL-Simulink using Xilinx system generator. Many applications that are DSP based or certain communication application require mathematical modelling for their easy understanding and analysis. Due to its complexity Pure HDL is unable to simulate. Also it terms to be costly and time consuming process. The implementation of FFT algorithms that can compute fourier transform of varied signals in real time for frequency analysis of signals on FPGAs (Spartan3E). With large demand for high dynamic range for applications, floating point implementation is used as fixed point implementation becomes increasingly expensive. The DPSK model are first board behaves as a modulator and the second as a demodulator. The modulator and demodulator algorithms have been implemented on FPGA using the VHDL language on Xilinx ISE. Key words: FFT, DPSK, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays), Hardware-Software Co-simulation, MATLAB, XSG(Xilinx System Generator). Reference [1] Adam Milik and Andrzej Pulka "Complex Mathematical Models Simulation On Mixed HDL-Simulink Platform", in proceeding of IEEE, Poland, 2008. [2] S.O.Popescu, A.S.Gontean and G.Budura "Simulation and Implementation of a BPSK Modulator on FPGA", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI 2011), Romania, 2011, pp.459-463. [3] S.O.Popescu, A.S.Gontean and G.Budura "BPSK System on Spartan 3E FPGA", in proceedings of the IEEE International symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI), Romania,2012. [4] System Generator for DSP. Getting Started Guide. Xilinx, 2008. [5] Spartan 3E FPGA Starter Kit Board. User Guide. Xilinx, 2011. Miss. Shruti R. Tambakhe, Prof. Ajay P. Thakare	43-49
11.	Performance of Pitch and Stall Regulated Tidal Stream Turbines Performance of Pitch and Stall Regulated Tidal Stream Turbines Abstract: Controllers for a pitch and a stall regulated horizontal axial flow, variable-speed tidal stream turbine are developed, and a performance comparison is carried out. Below rated flow speed, both turbines are operated in variable-speed mode so that the optimum tip-speed ratio is maintained. One of the turbines has variable pitch blades, which above rated speed are pitched to feather in order to regulate power. The other turbine has fixed pitch blades and uses speed-assisted stall to regulate power. The control system design behind both strategies is examined in MATLAB, with the performance under turbulent flows, loading and energy yield analysis being evaluated in GH Tidal Bladed. Both strategies provide a satisfactory performance, but the out-of-plane loads on the stall regulated turbine were higher over the entire range of operation. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the stall regulated turbine require a more complex control design. The results suggest that the pitch regulated turbine would be a more attractive solution for turbine developers. Key words: Control, pitch regulation, stall regulation, synchronous generator, tidal power, tidal stream turbine. Reference [1] Black and Veatch, UK Tidal Current Resource and Economics Study. Report, the Carbon Trust, 2011. [2] Quantification of Exploitable Tidal Energy Resources in UK Waters, ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd., 2007. [3] Accelerating Marine Energy, Carbon Trust, 2011. [4] G.McCann, M. Thomson, and S. Hitchcock, ―Implications of site-specific conditions on the prediction of loading and power performance of a tidal stream device,‖ in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Ocean Energy (ICOE), Brest, France, 2008. [5] I. G. Bryden, ―Tidal energy,‖ in Encyclopedia of Energy. NewYork, NY, USA: Elsevier, 2004, pp. 139–150. Sujeet Swami, Pradeep Suman	50-53
12.	A Review of Decision Based Impulse Noise Removing Algorithms A Review of Decision Based Impulse Noise Removing Algorithms Abstract: Noises is an unwanted factor in digital image and videos, hiding the details and destroying image information. Hence denoising has great importance to restore the details and to improve the quality measures. This paper takes a look towards different type of noise found in digital images, Denoising domains, and classification of denoising filters. Some denoising filters like Median filter (MF), Adaptive median filter (AMF) and simple adaptive median filters (SAMF) are described and compared briefly. A new approach is proposed for video denoising using combination of median filters with multiple views. Key words: Adaptive Filter, Denoising, Impulse noise, Median filter, Salt-and–pepper, Switching Median Filter Reference [1] Vladimir Zlokolica, Aleksandra Pizurica, and Wilfried Philips, "Video denoising using multiple class averaging with Multiresolution",University of Ghent, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41,9000 Ghent, Belgium,VLBV2003,LNCS 2849,PP. 172-179,2003, Springerverlog berlin Heidelberg 2003. [2] Bovik, Alan C.: Handbook of Image and Video Processing (Communications, Networking and Multimedia). Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA, (2005). [3] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Book on "Digital Image Processing", third edition, Pearson Education, pp.156-157,326,332-335,369©2008. [4] Maria Petrou, and PanagiotaBosdogianni, "‟Image Processing: The fundamental‟‟,John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2000. [5] Sung-JeaKo, and YoogHoon Lee, ‟‟Center weighted median filters and their application to image enhancement‟‟, IEEE Trans. Circuits and System, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 984-993, September 1991 SnehalAmbulkar, PritiGolar	54-59
13.	Characterization of Magnesium Substituted Nickel Nano Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method Characterization of Magnesium Substituted Nickel Nano Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method Abstract: Ni-Mg nano-ferrites, having the chemical formula Ni1-xMgxFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0 and 1.0), were synthesized by the Citrate- gel auto combustion method. Synthesized powders were sintered at 500˚ C for 4 hours in an air and were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. XRD analysis showed cubic spinel structure of the ferrites and the crystallite sizes (D) were found in the range of 16 nm - 36 nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) increases with the increase of Mg content obeying Vegard‟s law. The x-ray density of the samples decrease monotonically with increasing Mg content. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies revealed nano crystalline nature of the samples. An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size. Key words: Ni-Mg Nano-Ferrites; Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion; X-Ray Diffraction; SEM; EDS Reference [1] M. Abdullah Dar, Khalid MujasamBatoo, VivekVerma, W.A. Siddiqui, R.K., "Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized pure and Al-doped lithium ferrite having high value of dielectric constant" Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 493,pp 553–560,2010. [2] K.H.Maria, S.Choudhary,M.A.Hakim , "Complex Permeability and Transport Properties of Zn Substituted Cu ferrites",Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences,Vol.34, No1,pp1-8,2010. [3] M.H.Khedr, , "Effect of firing temperature and compacting pressure on the magnetic and electrical properties of nickel ferrite",Journal of physicochemical problems of mineral processing, Vol 38,pp 311-320,2004. [4] N.S. Bhattacharyya, G.P.Srivatava,On the instability threshold of cobalt substituted Ni-Al ferrite at high-microwave- power levels, J .Mag & Mag. Mat.262,pp 212,2003. [5] Ishino K &NarumiyaY,Ceram Bull 66(1987)1469. Abdul Gaffoor and D. Ravinder	60-66
14.	A Survey on Modeling and Simulation of MEMS Switches and Its Application in Power Gating Techniques A Survey on Modeling and Simulation of MEMS Switches and Its Application in Power Gating Techniques Abstract: Large numbers of techniques have been developed to reduce the leakage power, including supply voltage scaling, varying threshold voltages, smaller logic banks, etc. Power gating is a technique which is used to reduce the static power when the sleep transistor is in off condition. Micro Electro mechanical System (MEMS) switches have properties that are very close to an ideal switch, with infinite off-resistance due to an air gap and low on-resistance due to the ohmic metal to metal contact that is formed. In this paper, we discussed the MEMS switch, its material selection and its working in power gated circuits for the purpose of massive reduction of leakage power. This CMOS- MEMS combination provides high switching speed, very clean contacts, less reliability and less lifetime. Key words: MEMS, MTCMOS, RF-MEMS Switch, power gating, Electrostatic MEMS switch, static power Reference [1] Guisbiers. G, E. Herth, B. Legrand, N. Rolland, T. Lasri, and L. Buchaillot, "Materials selection procedure for RF MEMS", Micro-electronic Engineering, Vol. 87, No-9, pp.1792-1795, 2010. [2] Zlatoljub, D. Milosavljevic, "RF-MEMS Switches," Microwave Review, Vol-10, No-1, June 2004 [3] J. B. Muldavin, G. M. Rebeiz, "High Isolation Inductively Tuned X-Band MEMS Shunt Switches", IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Boston, Massachusets, pp. 169- 172, USA, June 2000. [4] Shobak. H, Ghoneim. M, E.l Boghdady.N, Halawa. S, "Power Gating of VLSI Circuits Using MEMS Switches in Low Power Applications" IEEE International conference on Microelectronics (ICM), pp.1-5. Dec.2011 [5] Z. D. Milosavljevic, "A Model of an Inductively Tuned MEMS Shunt Switch", Proce. Workshop on RF Circ. Technology, Cambridge, UK, March 2002. Pramod Kumar M.P, A.S. Augustine Fletcher	67-72
15.	Characterization of Nano-Structured Nickel-Cobalt Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method Characterization of Nano-Structured Nickel-Cobalt Ferrites Synthesized By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method Abstract: Nano-ferrites of the composition Ni1-xCoxFe2O4(where x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.80 and 1.0) were synthesized at a very low temperature (180°C) by Citrate-gel auto combustion method The synthesized powders were sintered at 5000C for four hours in an air and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure of ferrites. The crystallite size was in the range of 20nm to 31 nm. Such low nano sized ferrites are desirable for variety of applications like, in magnetic data storage and in etc. Morphological studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed formation of largely agglomerated, well defined nano particles of the sample. Elemental composition characterizations of the prepared samples were performed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) which shows the presence of Ni, CO, Fe and O without precipitating cations. Key words: Ni-Co Nano ferrites; Citrate-gel auto combustion; X-ray Diffraction; SEM; EDS; Reference [1] A.T. Ngo, M.P. Pileni, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 53. [2] S. Singhal, J. Singh, S.K. Barthwal, K. Chandra, J. Solid State Chem. 178 (2005) 3183. [3] M.H. Sousa, F.A. Tourinbo, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2000) 168. [4] K. Raj, R. Moskowitz, R. Casciari, J. Magn. Magn. Mater.149 (1995) 174. [5] G. Bate, in: D.J. Craik (Ed.), L Magnetic Oxides, Part 2, Wiley Inter Science, New York, 1975, p. 703. Abdul Gaffoor and D. Ravinder	73-79
16.	Onset of Convection in a Nanofluid Saturated Porous Layer with Temperature Dependent Viscosity Onset of Convection in a Nanofluid Saturated Porous Layer with Temperature Dependent Viscosity Abstract: The effect of nanofluid viscosity varying exponentially with temperature on the onset of convection in a layer of nanofluid saturated Darcy porous medium is investigated. The nanoparticle flux is zero condition on the boundaries is invoked to account for physically realistic situation. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically using the Galerkin method. It is observed that the instability sets in only as stationary convection and the occurrence of oscillatory convection is ruled out. The effect of viscosity parameter on the characteristics of stability is found to be significant and dual in nature. The onset of convection is hastened and the size of convection cells is enlarged with an increase in the value of modified diffusivity ratio, concentration Darcy-Rayleigh number, the modified particle density increment parameter and the Lewis number. Key words: nanofluid, porous medium, variable viscosity, Galerkin method, thermal convection Reference [1] S. Kakac and A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Review of convectiveheat transfer enhancement with nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 52, 2009, 3187-3196. [2] W. Yu and H.Xie, AReview on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications. J. Nanomaterials.2012,1-17. [3] E.K. Goharshadi, H. Ahmadzadeh, S. Samiee and M. Hadadian, Nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement-a review,Phys. Chem. Res. 1, 2013, 1-33. [4] J. Kim, Y. T. Kang and C. K. Choi, Analysis of convective instability and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids, Phys. Fluids16, 2004, 2395-2401. [5] D. A. Nield and A.V.Kuznetsov, Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid,Int. J. Heat Mass Trans.52, 2009, 5796-5801. I.S.Shivakumara, M. Dhananjaya	80-85
17.	Design, Analysis, Implementation and Synthesis of 16 bit Reversible ALU by using Xilinx 12.2 Design, Analysis, Implementation and Synthesis of 16 bit Reversible ALU by using Xilinx 12.2 Abstract: In the modern world, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the most crucial components of any system and is used in many appliances like calculators, cell phones, and computers and so on. An arithmetic logic unit is a multi-functional circuit that conditionally performs one of several possible functions on two operands A and B depending on control inputs. This paper proposes the design of programmable reversible logic gate structures, targeted for the ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU. Reversible or information-lossless circuits have applications in digital signal processing, communication, computer graphics and cryptography. This ALU consists of thirteen operations, 5 arithmetic, 4 logical operations and 4 shifting operations. All the modules are being designed using the basic reversible gates. Using reversible logic gates instead of traditional logic AND/OR gates, a reversible ALU whose function is the same as traditional ALU is constructed. Comparing with the number of input bits and the discarded bits of the traditional ALU, the reversible ALU significantly reduce the use and loss of information bits. The proposed reversible 16-bit ALU reduces the information bits use and loss by reusing the logic information bits logically and realizes the goal of lowering power consumption of logic circuits. Programmable reversible logic gates are realized in Verilog by using XILINX 12.2. Key words: ALU, Digital Signal processing, power Consumption, Reversible logic gates. Reference [1] Landauer, R., "Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process", IBM J.Research and Development, vol. 5 (3): pp. 183-191, 1961. [2] Bennett, C.H., "Logical reversibility of computation", IBM J. Research and Development, vol. 17: pp. 525-532, 1973. [3] B. Raghu Kanth1, B. Murali Krishna2, G. Phani Kumar3, J. Poornima4, K. Siva Rama Krishna " A Comparitive Study Of Reversible Logic Gates"International Journal of VLSI & Signal Processing Applications, Vol.2,Issue 1, Feb 2012. [4] Himanshu Thapliyal ,Nagarajan Ranganathan "A New Reversible Design of BCD Adder " IEEE conference on Design and automation, 2011 pp.1-4. [5] Zhijin Guan, Wenjuan Li, Weiping Ding, Yueqin Hang, Lihui Ni"An Arithmetic Logic Unit design based on reversible logic gates "IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PacRim), 2011. S.Anusha, M.Manoher Rao, N.Swetha Reddy	86-91
18.	Dynamic Carpooling Using Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Dynamic Carpooling Using Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Abstract: The increase in awareness about the conservation of natural resources in today's world, has led to carpooling becoming a widely followed practice. Carpooling refers to sharing of a vehicle with other passengers, thus reducing the fuel costs endured by the passengers, had they traveled individually. Carpooling helps reduce fuel consumption, thereby helping conserve the natural resources. Conventional Carpooling Portals require the users to register themselves and input their desired departure and destination points. These portals maintain a database of the users and map them with the users, who have registered for their cars to be pooled. This paper proposes a decentralized method of dynamic carpooling using the Wireless Ad-hoc Network, instead of having the users to register on a Web Portal. The user's device, requesting for the carpool service can directly talk to another user's device, providing the pooled car, using the Wireless Ad-hoc Network, thereby eliminating the need for the user to connect to the internet to access the web portal. Key words: carpool, wireless, ad-hoc, wi-fi direct Reference [1] Rendong Bai; Singhal, M., "Carpooling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: the Case of Multiple-Target Route Discovery," Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks and Workshops, 2007. WiOpt 2007. 5th International Symposium on, vol., no., pp.1, 9, 16-20 April 2007 doi: 10.1109/WIOPT.2007.4480 025 [2] Nianbo Liu, Yong Feng, Feng Wang, Bang Liu, and Jinchuan Tang, "Mobility Crowdsourcing: Toward Zero-Effort Carpooling on Individual Smartphone," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2013, Article ID 615282, 9 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/615282 [3] Biplav Srivastava, ""MAKING CAR POOLING WORK – MYTHS AND WHERE TO START" - IBM Research Report, RI 12014. [4] Jinqi Zhu, Yong Feng, and Bang Liu, "PASS: Parking-Lot-Assisted Carpool over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2013, Article ID 491756, 9 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/491756 [5] R. Manzini and A. Pareschi, "A Decision-Support System for the Car Pooling Problem," Journal of Transportation Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 85-101. doi: 10.4236/jtts.2012.22011. Abhishek V. Potnis	92-94
19.	Green Computing-A Study Green Computing-A Study Abstract: Information technology as an industry has been steadily increasing over the past decade or so. With an ever increasing presence of internet and e-commerce in the life of an average citizen, the growth on industry at such an alarming rate is only quite reasonable. Along with such a substantial growth it becomes vital to see what adverse effects this will cause to the environment. Moreover it is essential to check the impact these newly formed or existing corporations have on the environment and any measures taken on their part will be a direct measure of the company's corporate social responsibility.This paper discusses as to what is green computing ,why it is required and highlights the practices an organization cn follow to achieve the same. Index Terms: Green computing, Sustainable practices,IT standards Reference [1] Rouse, M. (2010, May). Search data Center. Retrieved April07,2014,.[Online].Available. http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/green-computing. [2] Murugesan, S. (2008).' Harnessing green IT: Principles and Practices'. Pittsburg: IEEE Computer society. [3] Scumniotales, J. (2012, 11 06). Achieving Hard ROI with Verdiem Surveyor and Cisco EnergyWise. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from Verdiem Corporation: [Online], Available: http://www.verdiem.com/print/2391 [4] Jansen, C., Techopedia. Retrieved April 07, 2014,from 'GreenComputing:''[Online]. Availble: http://www.techopedia.com/definition/14753/green-computing [5] Pushtikant Malviya, ShailendraSingh. (2013). A Study about Green Computing. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 790-794 Lakshmy Sukumaran, Reetu Singh, Supriya Kulkarni P, Sutapa Sarkar	95-98
20.	Design of Mobile Relay in Data-Rigorous Wireless Sensor Networks Design of Mobile Relay in Data-Rigorous Wireless Sensor Networks Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used in variety of data rigorous application like traffic monitoring, agriculture, network centric warfare, forest area monitoring. The challenging task in WSN is to transmit the gathered data to the base station within the application's life time. In this paper we are proposing a concept on how to use mobile relay which have more energy than the static sensors to minimize the power consumption in data rigorous wireless sensor networks and this approach don't require complex movement of mobile nodes, so it can be effectively used with minimal cost. Key words: Energy Optimization, Mobile node, Relay node, Wireless Sensor Networks Reference [1] K. Dantu, M. Rahimi, H.Shah, S. Babel, A. Dhariwal, and G.S.Sukhatme, "Robomote: Enabling Mobility in Sensor Networks",in IPSN,2005. [2] http://www.k team.com/robots/khepera/inde x.html. [3] J.-H. Kim, D.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, and K.-T. Seow, Soccer Robotics, Springer, 2004. [4] Fatme El-Moukaddem, Eric Torng, Guoliang Xing" Mobile Relay Configuration in Data-intensive Wireless Sensor Networks" in IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing, 2013. [5] J. Luo and J.-P. Hubaux, Joint Mobility and Routing for Lifetime Elongation in Wireless Sensor Networks, in INFOCOM, 2005. Pallavi H B, Smeja K	99-104
21.	Estimation of Coefficient of Pressure in High Rise Buildings Using Artificial Neural Network Estimation of Coefficient of Pressure in High Rise Buildings Using Artificial Neural Network Abstract: Tendency to build more slender and more flexible tall buildings have made these structures susceptible to action of wind. Therefore, wind force is one of the prime considerations in design of tall buildings. The prediction of wind-induced pressure coefficients on the surface of the buildings is of considerable practical importance. Wind tunnel testing is one of the main methods for wind load determination on structures. But this being, time consuming and costly wind tunnel tests can only cover a limited number of cases. The present work focuses on the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate pressure coefficients on surface of tall buildings. In the present study, two cases of training data set (consisting of geometrical coordinates of pressure points and angle at which wind strikes at the face of the building as the input to the network) has been used to predict the wind- induced `pressure coefficients Cp (mean) (output of the network) for the previously any wind incident angle. The performance of the network is assessed in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficient R. From the present study, it is concluded that the value of Cp (Mean) goes on decreasing with increase in Wind Incidence Angle for the same pressure point. Also, suction effect is noticed near the corners of the building. Key words: Artificial Neural Networks, coefficients, Root Mean Square Error, Wind Incident Angle Reference [1] Anderson, J. A., An Introduction to Neural Networks, A Bradford Book, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1995) [2] Arbib, M. A., The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1995) [3] Aleksander, I., and Morton, H., Neurons and Symbols: The Stuff That Mind is Made of, Chapman and Hall, London (1993) [4] Flood, I., Kartam, N., Neural Networks in Civil Engineering I: Principles and Understanding, ASCE J. Computations Civ. Eng. 8(2) 131- 148, (1994) [5] Fu, J.Y., Xie, Z. N., Li. Q. S., Equivalent Static Wind Loads on Long- Span Roof Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering - ASCE. 134(7): 1115-1128, (2008) S. K. Verma, Kamal Kumar, Harjeet Kaur	105-110
22.	Vigorous Generation of Electric Power by Implementing Lunar Power System Vigorous Generation of Electric Power by Implementing Lunar Power System Abstract: This Paper gives an approach to the implementation of Lunar Solar Power (LSP) generation. The LSP System is a reasonable alternative to supply earth's needs for commercial energy without the undesirable characteristics of current options. The long term exploration and colonization of the solar system for scientific research and commercial interest depends critically on the availability of electrical energy. In this paper first we discuss about the present power scenario and to improve the power necessity for the future decades, the construction of LSP station, transmits electricity produced in moon to the earth, preferring microwave for transmitting the electricity, At last we discuss about the cost of installing the project and how to minimize the installation cost. Index Terms: About Lunar Solar Power, Rectennas, Microwave, Solar cells, Relay satellites, Solar Power satellites. Reference [1] Alex Ignatiev, Alexandre Freundlich, and Charles Horton., "Electric Power Development on the Moon from In-Situ Lunar Resources", Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Materials University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [2] Criswell, D. R. and Waldron, R. D., "Results of analysis of a lunar-based power System to supply Earth with 20,000GW of Electric power", SPS 91 Power from Space Paris/Gif-sur-Yvette 27 to 30 August 1991, pp. 186-193 [3] Dr. David R. Criswell.," Lunar solar Power utilization of lunar materials and Economic development of the moon". [4] Dr. David R. Criswell.," Solar Power via the Moon" [5] G.L.Kulcinski.,"Lunar Solar Power System", lecture 35, April 26, 2004. I. Kumaraswamy, E. Lalith Anuroop, K. Sindhuja	111-115
23.	Review on Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beam without Transverse Reinforcement Review on Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beam without Transverse Reinforcement Abstract: Shear failure of the concrete beam depends upon various parameters. On the basis of various parameters, numerous studies have been done to assured the actual behaviour of shear failure. After a long research still it is controversial regarding the exact shear behaviour of reinforced cement concrete structure elements. The paper presents a comparative study of reinforced concrete beams on shear behaviour having no transverse reinforcement by using various design approaches like ACI, Canadian, AASHTO, European Code, British Standard, Zararis and equation purposed by Ahmed et al. Key words: reinforced concrete beam; Shear failure; Transverse Reinforcement; Mode of Shear failure Reference [1] Evan, C. B., Frank J. V., Michael, P. C., Simplified Modified Compression Field Theory for Calculating Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Elements ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 4, July-August 2006. [2] Ahmad, S. H., .Rafeeqi, S.F.A., Fareed S., ―Shear Strength of Normal and Light Weight Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams without Web Reinforcement‖ Journal of Emerging Trends in. Engineering and Applied Sciences.v.2,aug-2011. pp.967-971 [3] Kim, W., and White, R.N., ―Hypothesis for Localized Horizontal Shearing Failure Mechanism of Slender RC Beams,‖ Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V.125, No.10, Oct. 1999, pp. 1126-1135. [4] Fergusion,P.M., ―Some Implication Of Recent Diagonal Tension Test‖Journal Of ACI,28(2)(1956),pp.157-172. [5] Adebar, P., Collins, M.P. (1996). ―Shear strength of members without transverse reinforcement‖. Canadian Journal of Civil Engeenering, Vol. 23, 1996, pp. 30-41. Raju	116-121
24.	Bit Error Rate Testers-A Study Bit Error Rate Testers-A Study Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of the various BERT (bit error rate testers), which are used widely for measuring the performance of any digital communication systems. Key words: BERT; Monte Carlo (MC); IS (importance sampling); software based BERT; hardware based BERT; FPGA based BERT; Reference [1] A. Alimohammad, S. F. Fard, and B. F. Cockburn, "FPGA-based accelerator for the verification of leading-edge wireless systems," in Proc. IEEE Int. DAC, Jul. 2009, pp. 844–847. [2] Breed, G. (2003, January). Bit Error Rate: Fundamental concepts and measurement issues. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from high frequency electronics: http://www.high frequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Jan03/HFE0103_Tutorial.pdf[ [3] Bohdanowicz, A. (n.d.). On Efficient BER Evaluation of Digital Communication Systems via Importance Sampling. Retrieved April 07, 2014, from CiteSeerx: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.118.2785&rep=rep1&type=pdf [4] Peter J. Smith, Mansoor Sha_ and Hongsheng Gao, \Quick sim-ulation: A review of importance sampling techniques in communication systems," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 15, pp. 597{613, May 1997. [5] A. Alimohammad, S. F. Fard, and B. F. Cockburn, "FPGA-accelerated baseband design and verification of broadband MIMO wireless systems,"in Proc. IEEE 1st Int. Conf. Adv. Syst. Testing Validation, Sep. 2009,pp. 135–140. Lakshmy Sukumaran, Dharani. K.G	122-125
25.	DSTATCOM Based Design and Analysis of Phase Shifted and Level Shifted Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Power Quality Enhancement DSTATCOM Based Design and Analysis of Phase Shifted and Level Shifted Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Power Quality Enhancement Abstract: The Multilevel voltage source converters are issuing as a new engender of power converter choices for high power applications like in Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). In this paper presents a study of comparison between level shifted PWM and phase shifted PWM Cascaded H – bridge (CHB) Inverter as DSTATCOM in Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and harmonics. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Linear Loads. The transient response of the DSTATCOM is very much important while compensating quickly changing unbalanced and nonlinear loads. Any change in the load affects the dc-link voltage directly. For this a fast acting dc link voltage controller used to generate the reference compensating currents for DSTATCOM. Finally a seven level of level shifted PWM and phase shifted PWM techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Key words: Cascaded Hybrid Bridge (CHB), DC-link voltage controller, DSTATCOM, fast transient response, harmonics, load compensation, power factor, power quality (PQ), unbalance, voltage-source inverter (VSI). Reference [1] Bhim Singh, Kamal Al-Haddad & Ambrish Chandra, "A New Control Approach to 3-phase Active Filter for Harmonics and Reactive Power Compensation"-IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 46, NO. 5, pp.133 – 138, Oct-1999 [2] W. K. Chang, W. M. Grady, Austin, M. J. Samotyj "Meeting IEEE- 519 Harmonic Voltage and Voltage Distortion Constraints with an Active Power Line Conditioner"- IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol.9, No.3, pp.1531-1537, 1994 [3] Hirofumi Akagi, "Trends in Active Power Line Conditioners"- IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, Vol.9, No.3, May-1994 [4] W.M.Grady, M.J.Samotyj, A.H.Noyola "Survey of Active Power Line Conditioning Methodologies" IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, Vol.5, No.3, pp.1536-1542, July-1990 [5] L. Gyugyi, E. C. Strycula, "Active AC Power Filters"- in Proc. IEEE/IAS Annu. Meeting, Vol.19-c, pp 529-535, 1976 Ch. Rama Krishna, N.C. Kotaiah	126-132
26.	Numerical Investigation of Single Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer In Rectangular Micro Channel Using Nanofluids as A Cooling Liquid Numerical Investigation of Single Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer In Rectangular Micro Channel Using Nanofluids as A Cooling Liquid Abstract: In this paper The Thermal behaviour of Micro channel heat sink were investigated used Al₂o₃-water base nanoluid. The model have been solved by ANSYS fluent 14.5 solver. The Dimension of each rectangular channel is 215𝝻m width, 821𝝻m depth and 4.48cm length. The Reynolds number range from 200 to 400 for power input 100 w. The high thermal conductivity of nanoparticles is shown to enhance the single phase heat transfer coefficient, especially for laminar flow. Higher heat transfer coefficient were achieved mostly in entrances region of micro channels. The enhancement was weaker in fully developed region. Reference [1] WeilinQu, IssamMudawar. "Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single phase microchannel", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 2549-2565 [2] SadikKakaç,AnchasaPramuanjaroenkij." Review of convective heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 3187–3196 [3] Xiang-Qi Wang, Arun S. Mujumdar."Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review " ,International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46 (2007) 1–19. [4] R.Saidura,,K.Y.Leongb,H.A.Mohammad."A review on applications and challenges of nanofluids" , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 1646–1668. [5] SeokPilJang , Stephen U.S. Choi. "Cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with nanofluids " ,Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 2457–2463. Mr. Sanjay V. Barad, Prof. Mukesh N. Makwana	133-137
27.	A Microstripe Slotted Patch Antenna Using Amc A Microstripe Slotted Patch Antenna Using Amc Abstract: Microstrip patch antenna offer an attractive solution to compact and ease-low-cost design of modern wireless communication system due to their many advantages as light weight and low volume, low profile, planer configuration which can be easily made conformal to low fabrication cost and capability of obtaining dual and triple frequency operations. A microstrip patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement by means of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/electromagnetic band-gap structure (EBG) is studied in this paper. The three different geometry shapes, the U, E and H are developed from rectangular patch. The antennas studied in this paper are simulated using sonnet software and results compared with the conventional rectangular patch antenna. The results obtained clearly shows that , bandwidth of conventional rectangular microstrip antenna can be enhanced has been studied Key words: Microstrip patch antenna, Bandwidth, AMC, EBG, Frequency, Wireless communication system Reference [1]. S.K Behera, "Novel Tuned Rectangular Patch Antenna as a load for phase power combining" Ph.D Thesis, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India [2]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna," Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application" Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2013, pp 94-98. [3]. Sandeep Kumar, Suresh Sahni, Ugra Mohan Kumar, Devendra Singh," Design Of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Squarepatch Antenna For Improved Bandwidth And Directive Gain With Low Return Loss" IJECET Volume 4, Issue 2, March – April, 2013, pp. 324-331 [4]. C. A Balanis, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design" Wiley, 2nd edition, chapter 14. 1997 [5]. Jaswinder Kaur, Rajesh Khanna," Co-axial Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLAN Application" Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , 2013, pp 94-98 Manju Saini, Sachin Singla, Koneesh Aggarwal	138-142