Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The study is aboutthe use and comparison of three non-destructive methods (dynamic auscultation, sclerometric auscultation and auscultation by RADAR (Radio Detecting and Ranging) to monitor and assess the quality of concrete. Samples of reinforced concrete panels, dimensions 200x100x30 cm of concrete dosed at 350 kg/m3 with diverse E/C ratio were achieved, conserved in the laboratory and subjected to various non-destructive test. The synthesis of the results obtained by auscultation RADAR shows a decrease in the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave with an increase of the E/C ratio and a decrease in resistance of concrete values measured and confirmed by other non-destructive techniques (sclerometric and dynamic auscultations). This shows that more the dielectric constant is high, morethe concrete resistance is reduced, and conversely the opposite.
Keywords: non-destructive methods, auscultation RADAR, Evaluating The Quality Of Concrete

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Mr. R. OBAD, Mr.M. AFIFI, Mr. H. AIT BENAMER, Mr. O. MOUDDEN, Mr. A. SALHAMI, "Combination Of The Non-Destructive Methods For Evaluating The Quality Of Concrete Used In Structures In Reinforced Concrete"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Although the knowledge of soil-arching effect of anti-slide pile become common, the analysis of soil-arching effect with different cross-section anti-slide pile is little. Therefore，this paper choose three typical cross-section piles (rectangular, square, circular), Then do some study about the Mechanism of mechanism, frictional arch and end bearing arch of three cross-section piles and the form of soil arch with different cross-section and the soil arch zone under same condition in order to define the best cross-section, The result show that rectangular section pile and square section pile are composed by frictional arch and end bearing arch, while circular section pile is made up by united arch, finally rectangular section pile has a more effective retaining effect than square section pile and circular section pile through compared soil arch zone with three type section piles.
Keywords: anti slide pile; soil arch; different cross-section; soil-pile interaction

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Zhao Bo, Zhai Yong-chao, "Analysis of soil arching effect with different cross-section anti-slide pile"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Due to usage of computer every field, Network Security is the major concerned in today's scenario. Every year the number of users and speed of network is increasing, along with it online fraud or security threats are also increasing. Every day a new attack is generated to harm the system or network. It is necessary to protect the system or networks from various threats by using Intrusion Detection System which can detect "known" as well as "unknown" attack and generate alerts if any unusual behavior in the traffic. There are various approaches for IDS, but in this paper, survey is focused on IDS using Self Organizing Map. SOM is unsupervised, fast conversion and automatic clustering algorithm which is able to handle novelty detection. The main objective of the survey is to find and address the current challenges of SOM. Our survey shows that the existing IDS based on SOM have poor detection rate for U2R and R2L attacks. To improve it, proper normalization technique should be used. During the survey we also found that HSOM and GHSOM are advance model of SOM which have their own unique feature for better performance of IDS. GHSOM is efficient due to its low computation time. This survey is beneficial to design and develop efficient SOM based IDS having less computation time and better detection rate.
Index Terms— Artificial Intelligence (AI), Growing Hierarchical Self Organizing Map (GHSOM), Hierarchical Self Organizing Map (HSOM), Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Network Security, Neural Networks (NN), Self Organizing Map(SOM).

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Kruti Choksi, Prof. Bhavin Shah, Asst. Prof. Ompriya Kale, "Intrusion Detection System using Self Organizing Map: A Survey"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Network security is a hot burning issue nowadays. With the help of technology advancement intruders or hackers are adopting new methods to create different attacks in order to harm network security. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a kind of security software which inspects all incoming and outgoing network traffic and it will generate alerts if any attack or unusual behavior is found in a network. Various approaches are used for IDS such as data mining, neural network, genetic and statistical approach. Among this Neural Network is more suitable approach for IDS. This paper describes RBF neural network approach for Intrusion detection system. RBF is a feed forward and supervise technique of neural network.RBF approach has good classification ability but its performance depends on its parameters. Based on survey we find that RBF approach has some short comings. In order to overcome this we need to do proper optimization of RBF parameters.
Keywords-Immune Radial Basis Function (IRBF), Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Multiple Granularities Immune Network (MGTN), Neural Network, Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Radial basis function (RBF).

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Henali Sheth, Prof. Bhavin Shah, Shruti Yagnik, "A survey on RBF Neural Network for Intrusion Detection System"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Natural fiber composites are renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, carbon neutral and biodegradable. Their easy availability, lower density, higher specific properties, lower cost, satisfactory mechanical and thermal properties, non-corrosive nature, lesser abrasion to processing equipment, makes them an attractive ecological alternative to glass, carbon or other man-made synthetic fibers. Natural fiber composites are generally very good thermal insulators and thus cannot be used where thermal conduction is desirable. Increase in thermal conduction may be done by adding metal filler powders to the matrix. In this work, the effect of aluminum filler material on thermal properties of chemically treated palmyra fiber reinforced composites is investigated. Thermal properties studied include thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal degradation and stability. Five different samples with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% aluminum powder are considered. With the addition of aluminum filler powder, thermal conductivity increases, specific heat capacity decreases, thermal diffusivity increases and thermal stability improves with maximum at 50% aluminum powder.
Keywords: Aluminum filler, Chemical treatment, Natural fiber composites, Palmyra fiber, Thermal properties

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J. Pavanu Sai, A. Srinivasa Rao, Dr. N. Hari Babu, "Experimental Investigation of Effect of Aluminum Filler Material on Thermal Properties of Palmyra Fiber Reinforced Composite"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Inpainting is the process of reconstructing lost or deteriorated part of images based on the background information. i. e .it fills the missing or damaged region in an image utilizing spatial information of its neighboring region. Inpainting algorithm have numerous applications. It is helpfully used for restoration of old films and object removal in digital photographs. The main goal of the algorithm is to modify the damaged region in an image in such a way that the inpainted region is undetectable to the ordinary observers who are not familiar with the original image. This proposed work presents image inpainting process for image enhancement and restoration by using structural, texture and exemplar techniques. This paper presents efficient algorithm that combines the advantages of these two approaches. We first note that exemplar-based texture synthesis contains the essential process required to replicate both texture and structure; the success of structure propagation, however, is highly dependent on the order in which the filling proceeds. We propose a best-first algorithm in which the confidence in the synthesized pixel values is propagated in a manner similar to the propagation of information in inpainting. The actual color values are computed using exemplar-based synthesis. Computational efficiency is achieved by a blockbased sampling process.
Keywords: Inpainting, Filling Region, Object Removal, Patch Propagation, structure Synthesis, Texture Synthesis, exemplar Synthesis.

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Nishant Trivedi, "Image Enhancement and Restoration by Image Inpainting"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers. To investigate hemodynamic and hormonal effects of ghrelin, a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide, we gave six healthy men an intravenous bolus of human ghrelin or placebo and vice versa 1–2 wk apart in a randomized fashion. Ghrelin elicited a marked increase in circulating GH. The elevation of GH lasted longer than 60 min after the bolus injection. Injection of ghrelin significantly decreased mean arterial pressure without a significant change in heart rate .In summary, human ghrelin elicited a potent, long lasting GH release and had beneficial hemodynamic effects via reducing cardiac after load and increasing cardiac output without an increase in heart rate. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate hemodynamic and hormonal effects of intravenous ghrelin in healthy volunteers. This paper discussed the constant stress level of healthy volunteers with times to damage of stress effect and recoveries
Keywords: hemodynamics; hormones; vasodilation

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Geetha.T and Anandhi.N, "Survival function Of Realization process for Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human GH in healthy volunteers"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Standard radar detection process requires that the sensor output is compared to a predetermined threshold. The threshold is selected based on a-priori knowledge available and/or certain assumptions. However, any knowledge and/or assumptions become in adequate due to the presence of multiple targets with varying signal return and usually non stationary background. Thus, any predetermined threshold may result in either increased false alarm rate or increased track loss. Even approaches where the threshold is adaptively varied will not perform well in situations when the signal return from the target of interest is too low compared to the average level of the background .Track-before-detect techniques eliminate the need for a detection threshold and provide detecting and tracking targets with lower signal-to-noise ratios than standard methods. However, although trackbefore- detect techniques eliminate the need for detection threshold at sensor's signal processing stage, they often use tuning thresholds at the output of the filtering stage .This paper presents a computerized simulation model for target detection process. Moreover, the proposed model method is based on the target motion models, the output of the detection process can easily be employed for maneuvering target tracking.
Keywords: Radar ,target ,simulation threshold , signal-to-noise ratio .

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Tarig Ibrahim Osman, Abdelrasoul Jabar Alzubaidi, "Radar target detection simulation"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

These project works assess on the study of the workability and mechanical strength properties of the concrete reinforced with industrialized waste fibers or the recycled fibers. In each lathe industries wastes are available in form of steel scraps are yield by the lathe machines in process of finishing of different machines parts and dumping of these wastes in the barren soil contaminating the soil and ground water that builds an unhealthy environment. Now a day's these steel scraps as a waste products used by innovative construction industry and also in transportation and highway industry. In addition to get sustainable progress and environmental remuneration, lathe scrap as worn-recycle fibers with concrete are likely to be used. When the steel scrap reinforced in concrete it acquire a term; fiber reinforced concrete and steel fibers in concrete defined as steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC).Different experimental studies are done to identify about fresh and hardened concrete properties of steel scrap fiber reinforced concrete (SSFRC) and their mechanical properties are found to be increase due to the addition of steel scrap in concrete i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength, fatigue strength and split tensile strength were increased but up to 0.5-2% scrap content . When compared with usual concrete to SSFRC, flexural strength increases by 40% and considerable increases in tensile and compressive strength. These steel scrap also aid to improve the shrinkage reduction, cracking resistance i.e. preventing crack propagation and modulus of elasticity. The workability of fresh SSFRC are carried out by using slump test but it restricted to less scrap contents. This work focuses on the enhancement of structural strength and improvement in fatigue life of concrete pavements by reuse of scrap steel in concrete. These concrete roads with SSFRC promises an appreciably eminent design life, offer superior serviceability and minimize crack growth and corrosion. The pioneer idea of this work is the reuse of waste lathe scrap as recycled steel fibers, which provides more cost-effective and eco-friendly sustainable SFRC PAVEMENTS.
Key words: fatigue life, steel scrap, sustainability, fatigue strength

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Pooja Shrivastava, Dr.Y.p. Joshi, "Reuse of Lathe Waste Steel Scrap in Concrete Pavements"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper we tried to correlate text sequences those provides common topics for semantic clues. We propose a two step method for asynchronous text mining. Step one check for the common topics in the sequences and isolates these with their timestamps. Step two takes the topic and tries to give the timestamp of the text document. After multiple repetitions of step two, we could give optimum result.
Key words: Correlation, Asynchronous sequences, Timestamps

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Sheema Khan, Zafar Ul Hasan, "Text Mining: (Asynchronous Sequences)"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Institution is a place where teacher explains and student just understands and learns the lesson. Every student has his own definition for toughness and easiness and there isn't any absolute scale for measuring knowledge but examination score indicate the performance of student. In this case study, knowledge of data mining is combined with educational strategies to improve students' performance. Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analysing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for data. It allows users to analyse data from many different dimensions or angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationships identified. Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational database. Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense or another) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).This project describes the use of clustering data mining technique to improve the efficiency of academic performance in the educational institutions .In this project, a live experiment was conducted on students .By conducting an exam on students of computer science major using MOODLE(LMS) and analysing that data generated using RapidMiner(Datamining Software) and later by performing clustering on the data. This method helps to identify the students who need special advising or counselling by the teacher to give high quality of education.
Keywords: Data mining, Clustering, k-means, Moodle, RapidMiner, LMS (Learning Management System)

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Abhinn Pandey, "Study and Analysis of K-Means Clustering Algorithm Using Rapidminer"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper shows the work done on the method to operate a Wind driven grid connected hybrid system which is composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell . A wind system provides with an opportunity to harness the abundantly available renewable resource. With the proton exchange membrane the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Here the system uses two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode. This papers discusses the coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in hybrid system and the way in which the reference parameters are determined.
Keywords: Distributed generation, fuel cell, hybrid system, microgrid, photovoltaic, Wind Generator

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Chandan Kumar Tiwary, Dr. Amita Mohar, "A Wind driven PV- FC Hybrid System and its Power Management Strategies in a Grid"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Punjab is the most cultivated state in India with the highest consumption of fertilizers. Muktsar district is one of them. Economy of the district is based on the Agriculture crops and 80% population of the district is engaged in Agriculture. Sri Muktsar Sahib is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab. Paddy, Wheat, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Pulses and vegetables are also cultivated in this area. This paper highlights the analysis of groundwater quality parameters and compares its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose. Water samples were collected from hand-pumps at different depth in October 2010. . Water samples were analysed for almost all major cations, anions, dissolved heavy metals and turbidity. parameters like total hardness, EC, magnesium ratio, were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also used to investigate perception of villagers on taste and odour. The heavy metals studied in industrial area of Muktsar were Mercury, arsenic and lead. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 2004 , ICMR limits and various classifications show that present status of groundwater in Muktsar is not suitable for drinking. Higher totalhardness (TH) and total dissolved solids at numerous places indicate the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results obtained in this forms baseline data for the utility of groundwater. No clear correlation between the quality parameters studied here and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical conductivity values higher than the threshold minimum acceptable value.
Keywords: Groundwater, Malwa region, Muktsar, Punjab.

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Rajni Sharma, "A report on Groundwater quality studies in Malwa region of Punjab, MUKTSAR"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study is regarding the air pollution in selected areas near to port (beside stack yards of port) interested in particulate matter pollution. In this study, the amount of air pollution due to particulates is analyzed. The amount of air pollution is estimated using SCREEN 3 Methodology. In this study, SCREEN 3 methodology is a predefined software tool which can be used to estimate particulate matter pollution levels at different source release heights, terrain heights and at particular receptor height. The results obtained are reported and finally concluded that to avoid the pollution in the selected area, it is better to construct a periphery along the sides of stack yard (source of pollution).
Keywords: Pollution, Particulate Matter, Stack Pile, SCREEN3, Receptor Height and Terrain Height..

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Modi Musalaiah, Venkata Ramachandra P, Sk Liyakhath Ahmed, "Simulation of Height of Stack Pile using SCREEN3 module for Particulate Matter Pollutants"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A comparison study of Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO) optimization is carried out by applying them to a Non Linear pH neutralization process. In process control engineering, the Proportional, Derivative, Integral controller tuning parameters are deciding the performance of the controller to ensure the good performance of the plant. The FA and BFO algorithms are applied to obtain the optimum values of controller parameters. The performance indicators such as servo response and regulatory response tests are carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the heuristic algorithm based controllers. The error minimization criterion such as Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Square Error (ITSE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and Time domain specifications – rise time, Peak Overshoot and settling time are considered for the study of the performance of the controllers. The study indicates that, FA tuned PID controller provides marginally better set point tracking, load disturbance rejection, time domain specifications and error minimization for the Non Linear pH neutralization process compared to BFO tuned PID controller.
Keywords: Firefly Algorithm (FA), Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO), Optimization Technique, Non- Linear Systems.

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M. Kandasamy, Dr. S. Vijayachitra, "A Heuristic Approach for optimization of Non Linear process using Firefly Algorithm and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The purpose of the study is to utilize the chicken feather and finding the mechanical properties of the chicken feather reinforcing with polyester and phenyl ester. The bi-directional CFF reinforced composites were produced with phenyl ester and polyester resins with fiber reinforced composites, the chicken feather fibers (CFF) were cleaned, tested to know the mechanical properties and tensile behavior. It is found that the compressive properties of the CFF reinforced composites are significantly better than the control composites, however, the tensile and the flexural properties are determine by tensile, compressive, and flexural test. The CFF reinforced composite have potential applications due to its improved behavior and structural applications. The poultry waste can be utilized and used in any engineering applications, and it will be preferred due to low-cost and superior characteristics and the most importantly it will not cause ecological and health problems.
Keyword: Investigation, Mechanical Properties, Polyester Phenyl-ester Composites, Chicken Feather Fiber.

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T. Subramani, S.Krishnan, S.K.Ganesan, G.Nagarajan, "Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Polyester and Phenyl-ester Composites Reinforced With Chicken Feather Fiber"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A high speed fast fourier transform (FFT) design by using three algorithm is presented in this paper. In algorithm 3, 4-bit Vedic multiplier based technique are used in FFT. In this technique used in three 4-bit ripple carry adder and four 2*2 Vedic multiplier. The main parameter of this paper is number of slice, 4-input LUTS and maximum combinational path delay were calculate.
Index Terms— FFT, Ripple Carry Adder, Carry Select Adder, Vedic Multiplier

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Avneesh Kumar Mishra, Paresh Rawat, "High Speed Area Efficient 8-point FFT using Vedic Multiplier"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, an investigation of the housing price in ninth district of Mashhad was presented. We applied a descriptive and analytical method for calculations. That is called Hedonic Model. We used 10 variables that covered the physical factors and access position. The results of 516 cases by software Eviews in version 3.1 indicated that 7 of 10 variable coefficients had a significant error about 5%. Also, the 3 variables of ground area and the distance of shopping centers and number of bedroom are no statistically significant, so these are not used in the final estimate. The structural that used for estimate of housing prices by Hedonic model with a logarithmic function. The researches indicate that the area of infrastructure in housing units and the number of floors are important factors for increasing housing price in Mashhad, so that for increasing in each 1% for the area infrastructure and number of bedrooms changed the housing prices about 0.9 and 0.0083 respectively. The factors of decreasing in housing price included age of construction, number of floors, distance of training center, parks and etc.
Keyword: Hedonic price model, Housing, Housing price of Mashhad, Mashhad.

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Azadeh Ebrahimi, Sadegh Bafandeh Imandoust and Mohammad Lashkari, "Study of Effecting Factors on Housing Price by Hedonic Model A Case Study of the Ninth District of Mashhad CityVol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the hydrogeology of the Jalakandapuram sub – basin, groundwater potential and quality of groundwater for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. Jalakandapuram ( Latitudes 11° 35‟30‟‟N to 11°46‟25‟‟N and Longitudes 77°48‟30‟‟ E to 78°2‟E) Sub- basin is one among the four sub- basins of the Sarabanga minor basins which comes under the Cauvery basin. It has an areal extent of about 325 Sq.Kms. The study area has been studied with aerial Photographs (Block and white) prepared under UNDP Project (1971) and satellite Imageries (IRS IA – LISS II ). The base map of the Jalakandapuram sub – basin has been prepared from the topo sheets (1: 50,000 scale) 58 E/14, 58 E/13, 58 I/2 Published by the Geological Survey of India in the year 1972. The location of the study area, its accessibility, Physiography, climate, rainfall and vegetation are presented. to classify the groundwater of Jalakandapuram sub-basin. This was done using the 25 water samples that were collected by the author and analysed in the Soil Testing Laboratory, Salem – 1. Plots of water samples in the hydrogeochemical classification diagrams (Piper‟s, Handa‟s and USSL) throw light on the quality of groundwater within the study area.
Keyword: Hydrogeological Studies, Jalakandapuram Sub – Basin, Sarabanga Minor Basin, Salem District

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T. Subramani, C.Kathirvel, S.Sekar, C.T.Sivakumar, "Hydrogeological Studies At Jalakandapuram Sub – Basin Of Sarabanga Minor Basin, Salem District,Tamil Nadu"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper explains that how to develop and design, control of single phase to three phase drive system. The proposed topology of drive system consisting of two parallel connected rectifiers, inverter and induction motor, connected through inductor and capacitor, where used to produce balanced output to the motor drive. The main objective of this proposed method is to reduce the circulating currents and harmonic distortions at the converter input side, here the control strategy of drive system is PWM (pulse width modulations techniques) control strategy, the proposed topology also provides fault compensation in the case of short circuit faults and failure of switches for uninterrupted Power supplies. We also develop and simulate the MATLAB models for proposed drive system, by using MATLAB/ Simulink the output results simulate and observed.

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Ramakrishna Manohar Anaparthi, S Rajasekhar, "Pwm Control Strategy For Controlling Of Parallel Rectifiers In Single Phase To Three Phase Drive System"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The study was carried out to identify and study the settling characteristics of the dairy activated sludge. The causes and the control measure for the sludge bulking were studied. The activated sludge was generated by running a batch reactor of capacity of 10 liters for a θC of 10 days. It was operated until steady state conditions were reached. pH, DO, MLSS and COD were taken as the parameters. The settling studies were carried out for different MLSS concentrations ranging from 2g/L to 20g/L. The addition of Chlorine was selected as the control measure and was added for various doses such as 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml of Bleaching powder solution (1 ml of Bleaching powder solution contains 0.515 mg of Chlorine). Settling curves between interface height and time were observed before and after the addition of the Chlorine. From the settling curve the limiting solids flux were obtained. After the addition of Chlorine, there was a considerable increase in the settling velocity that improves the settling nature of the sludge. Area of Secondary settling tank was calculated from the modified solids flux method.
Keyword: Effect, Dissolved Oxygen, Microbial Population, Settling Of Dairy Activated Sludge

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T. Subramani, C.Kathirvel, S.Sekar, C.T.Sivakumar, "Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Microbial Population and Settling of Dairy Activated Sludge"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Due to ever-increasing of construction materials, it becomes the foremost duty of a civil engineer to design economical and durable structures. In this project an attempt has been made to compare the cost of two types of roofing systems viz. conventional truss roofing system and steel frame folded plate roofing system. The steel frame folded plate roofing system, though found to be economical, is not widely practiced in India due to lack of knowledge regarding its analysis and design. On contrary to it, the conventional truss roofing system still remains as the widely adopted method of roofing for different types of buildings due to the available literature on its analysis, design and construction. The analysis and design of conventional truss roofing system and folded plate roofing system have been carried out for various spans. The analysis is carried out in STAAD.Pro 2004, which is based on stiffness method. Load calculations and design done manually, based on IS:875-1987, IS:800-1984 & SP:38(1987)
Keyword: Cost, Comparative Study, Steel Frame Folded Plate Roofing System, Conventional Truss Roofing System

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T. Subramani, K. Bharathi Devi, M.S.Saravanan, C.T.Sivakumar, "Cost Comparative Study On Steel Frame Folded Plate Roofing System Vs Conventional Truss Roofing System"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com