Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Insofar as the electronics can be found now in several applications of multiple domains, we have tried to highlight in this study that, those systems must be based on unquestionable reliability and meet the needs of the external environment. Starting from the unit "°c / w" concerning the thermal resistance from the gap between junction temperature and a reference temperature, we have tried to compare the thermal performance of electronic packages taking into consideration the thermal management. Our approach is based on the Monte Carlo simulation and the stochastic characterization of the QFN. From the norm of normalization, we have obtained standardized data sheets allowing accurate comparisons of the thermal performance of electronic packages as produced by different manufacturers. Our numerical model through simulation, prototyping concerning the design involves the JEDEC recommendations, which we consider a very interesting alternative.........
Keyword: Electronic package; Finite element method; printed circuit board (PCB); Quad Flat No Lead (QFN); Simulation of Monte Carlo; Thermal resistance.

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Zakaria El Haddad, Othmane Bendaou, Larbi El Bakkali "A Study on Stochastic Thermal Characterization of Electronic Packages" Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is consists of mobile hosts or sensor nodes proficient of functioning in absence of infrastructure. Such networks should be capable of self forming, self organizing, self managing, self recovering, and able to operate under dynamic conditions. The multi-hop communication phenomenon is used to sending information to receiver. To attain this, each mobile node depends on its neighbor or range node to forward the data packet to the destination. In fact, most of previous studies on MANET have implicitly assumed that nodes are cooperative such as node cooperation becomes a very important issue in MANET. The attacker in dynamic network are easily affected the routing performance and data receiving ratio is affected as compared to normal performance of network as well as dropping of data is enhanced. The packets percentage is degrades is the confirmation of attacker misbehavior...........
Key words:WSN, Routing, Malicious, wormhole, Link Reliability, IPS.

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Nansi Jain, Yogendra Kumar Jain "Link Reliability based Detection and Predecessor base Route Establishment for Prevention of Wormhole Attack"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to estimate true liquid level of tank from noisy measurements due to dynamic conditions using kalman filter algorithm. We proposed kalman filter based approach to reduce noise in liquid level measurement system due to effect like sloshing. The function of kalman filter is to reduce error in liquid level measurement that produced from sensor resulting from effect like sloshing in dynamic environment. A prototype model was constructed and placed in dynamic condition, level data was acquired using ultrasonic sensor to verify the effectiveness of kalman filter. The tabulated data are shown for comparison of accuracy and error analysis between both measurements with Kalman filter and statistical averaging filter. After several test with different liquid levels and analysis of the recorded data, the technique shows the usefulness in liquid level measurement application in dynamic condition.
Keywords:Estimation, Kalman filter, Dynamic, LabVIEW, Sloshing.

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Sagar Kapale, Sangita Bharakad "Liquid Level Estimation in Dynamic Condition using Kalman Filter"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The current trend in automotive industry is to achieve compact, efficient, reliable systems. Engine timing drives used in engines are one of the most critical systems. Timing belts are subjected to excessive elongation and wear, while timing gears contribute excess mass and inertia in the system. Hence timing chains are preferred widely, in various high performance engines. Chain drives are easy to assemble and adjust, highly efficient, durable, reliable, compact and capable of attaining a wide range of power and speed capacities. In spite of these advantages their complex dynamic behaviour is not well researched. With the improvement of the speed and load of the automotive engine, and silent chain technology, as silent chain has a compact structure, high transmitting efficiency, high reliability and high wear resistance, its vibration and noise is low.........
Keywords:Chain drive, Cylindrical contact, Contact force, Tensioner, Chain stiffness.

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Aniket V. Mulik, Dr. A. J. Gujar "Literature Review on Simulation and Analysis of Timing Chain of an Automotive Engine"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/ poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) mesh was produced by Rotary Jet Spinning (RJS) process. RJS is a simple method which fabricates three-dimensional fibers by exploiting a high-speed rotating nozzle o form a polymer jet which undergoes stretching before solidification without the need of high voltage. Blend meshes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform (FTIR). SEM imagens provides information about the morphological structure, which confirmed the production of fibers using RJS. Data obtained by thermal analyzes indicated the immiscible property of PLLA/PCL blend and also the total solvent evaporation.....
Keywords:Biomaterials, blend, polymers fibers, rotary jet spinning

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Talita A. Vida1, Adriana C. Motta Arnaldo R. Santos Jr Cecília A. C. Zavaglia Guinea B. C. Cardoso"Fibrous Scaffold Produced By Rotary Jet Spinning Technique"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this research, calculations and simulations to obtain SOBP curve on the model of the thyroid tumor were done by determining the energy and the number of protons in each beam of protons. Simulations carried out with the help of the SRIM and TRIM code, while the computational calculations and graphics were done with python. The SOBP curve profile obtained from this study is flatter in the region of the tumor compared to previous results by other researchers, and can be concluded that tumor tissue receives a uniform lethal dose, while other normal tissues surrounding receive non-lethal doses. Quantitatively, if the dose received by the tumor tissue is expressed as 100% dose, the dose received by healthy tissue outside the tumor is a maximum of 92%.In a further development, this research method can be applied to other tissue model based on the image of the CTSCAN containing tumor tissue..
Keywords:Proton beam radiotherapy, Bragg curve, TRIM, SRIM, SOBP

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Eko Sulistya, Kusminarto, Arief Hermanto "Determination of Proton Energy and Dosage to Obtain SOBP Curve in the Proton Beam Radiotherapy Treatment Planning"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent..........
Keywords:Shear wall, Building Drift, Response spectrum method, Time period, OMRF, Base shear.

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Maikesh Chouhan, Ravi Kumar Makode "Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSI"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Many configurations representing wireless power transfer have been applied for this purpose. A simple and effective circuit is used in this research that contains components which are easily located for constructing the complete suggested configuration; we were successful in using Li Fi technology in transmitting power from one side to another through air.
Keywords:Wireless, Power, regulator, DC supply, AC supply, Transformer, Li Fi.

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Dr. Fawzy Mansour Al Zoreiqat "Wireless Power Transfer, New Approach"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The This paper presents the design of a variable structure controller for the model of the wing rock phenomenon of a delta wing aircraft. It is considered to be a continue study of the last two researches for the same phenomena "Feedback linearization [15] and back stepping controller [14] ". A control technique is proposed to stabilize the aircraft phenomena. The solution presented in this paper give a guarantee of asymptotic convergence to zero of all variables of the system. MATLAB simulation used to show how the proposed control is working well for such phenomena of a delta wing aircraft. The model of the phenomena in this paper will consider the same model presented in the last two researches mentioned above.
Keywords:Wing Rock, Nonlinear Control of Wing Rock, Variable Structure Controller.

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Abdullatif Alshati , Mohammed Alkandari "A Variable Control Structure Controller for the Wing Rock Phenomenon"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Data Streams are sequential set of data records. When data appears at highest speed and constantly, so predicting the class accordingly to the time is very essential. Currently Ensemble modeling techniques are growing speedily in Classification of Data Stream. Ensemble learning will be accepted since its benefit to manage huge amount of data stream, means it will manage the data in a large size and also it will be able to manage concept drifting. Prior learning, mostly focused on accuracy of ensemble model, prediction efficiency has not considered much since existing ensemble model predicts in linear time, which is enough for small applications and accessible models workings on integrating some of the classifier. Although real time application has huge amount of data stream so we required base classifier to recognize dissimilar model and make a high grade ensemble model...........
Keywords:Data Stream mining, classification, machine learning, spatial indexing, concept drifting.

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Shashi, Priyanka Paygude, Snehal Chaudhary "Novel Ensemble Tree for Fast Prediction on Data Streams"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

India is progressively moving towards the sustainability requirements of the real estate and infrastructure sector. The remarkable benefits like resource optimization, more efficient & lower impact on environment, health and well-being of the occupants and many more, have compelled government bodies across the nation to formally and regularly pursue these outcomes through various legislative instruments. Given that building sector belongs to a complex industrial chain involving wide-ranging actors, variety of instruments imbued by the political agenda are used to achieve certain degree of sustainability. The most commonly used instruments are economic incentives, rating systems, energy audit program, technology transfer program, information and education campaign and so on. Furthermore, given that India is a country that undoubtedly thrives on its diversity. Integrating diversity of concepts and strategies and utilizing the benefits that each level of government can provide, may complicate and dilute the desired impact. This paper enlists possible tools in the Indian context and within the ambit of the existing governance framework that could be adopted and increased exponentially at both levels, national and state.
Keywords:Sustainability, Rating systems, Building byelaws, Development control rules, Green buildings, Indian context, Policy instruments.

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Ar. Namrata Mahal, Ar. Aditi Phansalkar "Accelerating green building growth with old & new policy instruments"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Home automation and control systems as basic elements of smart cities have played a key role in the development of our homes environments. They have a wide range of applications in many fields at home such as security and monitoring, healthcare, energy, and entertainment applications. The improvement of humans' living standards make people keep trying to delegate many of their needs to a home automation system. Such a system has been built with capabilities of predicting what the user intends to do in smart home environment. However, there are many issues that need more investigation and solutions, such as: 1) many researches adopt a specific application without integrating different varieties of applications in one environment, 2) there is no study tries to show the real effect or even evaluates the implementation of predicted actions that have been established via homes intelligent gateway, 3) there is an interoperability issue due to using different kinds of home applications that have different protocols for message context...........
Keywords:Smart Home, Intelligent Agent, Self-Adaptive System

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Basman M. Hasan Alhafidh1, William Allen "Design and Simulation of a Smart Home managed by an Intelligent Self-Adaptive System"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In the process of analysis and assessment of the safety of a rail transportation system, one of the difficulties is to ensure the completeness of the accident scenarios taken into account by all the actors involved in the development of the system. The present work is to formalize, classify and archive the historical scenarios experienced on transportation systems in French already certified and/or approved such that the VAL, MAGGALY, TVM 430 of the TGV Nord. The goal is to develop a database of historical scenarios from the know-how of the manufacturers, masters of book and experts and researchers from the French Institute IFSTTAR to help examine the completeness of safety analyzes. The development and the operation of this basis of scenarios have need resort to the techniques of knowledge acquisition and automatic learning. The application of methods for the acquisition of knowledge has resulted essentially on the constitution of a database of historical knowledge which comprises 70 scenarios relative to the risk of "collision". The exploitation by machine learning of this basis of scenarios in order to extract the relevant knowledge in a purpose explanatory or made decision-making the object from the system "CLASCA" presented in this paper.
Keywords:Railway transport, Safety, Accident Scenarios, Risk assessment, Machine learning, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge based system.

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Dr. Habib Hadj Mabrouk ""CLASCA": Learning System for Classification and Capitalization of Accident Scenarios of Railway"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

It is proposed in this paper to use a small portion of the audio speech signal to estimate Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). It is found that, the first 30 ms duration has enough information about the SNR in advance. The first 30 ms of a recorded speech usually comes from the silence rather than speech. This is because the speaker usually starts the recording process or wait for it before he/she can deliver the utterance. For testing and comparing the proposed estimator, different noisy corpora are built upon the TIMIT data. The average estimation of the suggested algorithm proves to get better results as compared to the Waveform Amplitude Distribution Analysis (WADA) and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) SNR estimators. The complexity of the STS-SNR estimator is less than both as it only processes a small portion of the audio samples.
Keywords:SNR Estimation, Noisy Speech, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Short-Time Silence.

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Azhar S. Abdulaziz, Veton Z. Këpuska "The Short-Time Silence of Speech Signal as Signal-To-Noise Ratio Estimator"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Wind Turbine farms are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. In this research, the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) has been used to estimate wind power density in Al-Shihabi (south of Iraq). All statistical operations on data series are obtained from Field data collected from the wind measurement towers which installed by the Science and Technology Ministry at Kut city south of IRAQ at three heights (10, 30, 50 m). The wind turbine selected for this study to be installed in the wind farm are Bonus-300kw, 600kw The Annual Energy Production (AEP) has been calculate which varies between (746.990 - 759.446 MWH) at 30 m and it s varies between produced AEP (1.576 - 1.600 GWh) at 50 m ,this site classified as ( class-1).
Keywords:Wind farm, WAsP, Power density, Al-Shihabi

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Amani I.Al-Tmimi, Kamal H.Lateef, Safaa Jasim "Calculating Wind Farm Production in Al-Shihabi (South Of Iraq) Using WASP"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

10 ppm EY dye were successfully photodegraded using visible light active 0.75wt% Ba & 0.25wt% Zr co-doped TiO2 nanomaterial that were synthesized by Sol-gel method as nanomaterials under irradiation for 20 minutes and characterized by various advanced instrumental techniques. The X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopic showed that the prepared nanomaterial were in the anatase phase with 2θ at 25.3º. UV-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectra analysis explained that the dopants found in the TiO2, imparts a significance absorption shift towards visible region and their exisistance were confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectral data. Quantitatively the formation of hydroxyl radical by the nanomaterial in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation was investigated by the photoluminiscent technique. Finally the effects of different parameters in the photocatalytic degradation of EY were established in aqueous solution.
Keywords:Eosin yellow, EY, hydroxyl ion, photoluminiscent.

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Desta Shumuye Meshesha, Siva Rao Tirukkovalluri, Matangi Revi Chandra, Sreedhar Bojja "Visible Light Assisted Degradation of Eosin Yellow Using Heteroatom Functionalized Tio2 Nanomaterial"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In Otorhinolaryngological medical practice therapeutic devices are used that are highly invasive and immersive. For aural and oral communication these could be hearing aids, prosthetics, implants or radio-electronic appliances that build up a bionic environment with apparent tendencies for virtualization. The popularization of such devices promotes the extensive use of Brain Computer Interfaces to both the scientific community and the consumer market. The use of bionic devices clinched with synapses of the nerves does not merely mingle input activity to brain activity, but also it provides a virtual channel for augmenting and manipulating speech communication, language communication and even further musical communication. The effects of bionic aural and oral communication when learning practices for the impaired in hearing are applied is encountered in terms of ability for speech perception and linguistic competence.
Keywords:Hearing Impairment, Hearing Aids & Implants, Speech Communication, Language Acquisition Competence

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Petros Stagiopoulos, Dionysios Politis, Georgios Kyriafinis, Miltiadis Tsalighopoulos "From Hearing Aids, Prostheses and Cochlear Implants to "Bionic" Feedback Phonation"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Geopolymer concrete is a environment friendly which has less carbon emission than the Portland cement. The production of Portland cement contributes 13.5 billion ton carbon dioxide per year (0.87ton carbon dioxide for each ton of Portland cement). Geopolymer is combination of waste material like flyash, ggbs therefore does not have an industry which could cause carbon dioxide emission. When Portland cement was produced a mixture of raw materials required heating more than 1400◦ C to obtain cement powder and its corresponding high use of fuels. For preserving our natural resources it can be used. I have performed following test such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and acid resistance by replacing flyash and ggbs over cement. Low calcium ClassF flyash has been used.
Keywords:Acid durability factor, Compressive strength, Geopolymer Concrete, Fly Ash, GGBS, Split Tensile Strength

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Ajay Kumar Singh "Strength and Durability Test of Fly Ash and GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete"Vol. 6 - Issue 8 (August - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com