Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Conducting Polyaniline were prepared in the presence of oxidizing agentpotassiumdichromate by chemical oxidation method. The PANI/ Ag Composite were synthesized with various Compositions viz.,0.5N,0.05N,0.005N,0.0005N of AgNO3 in PANI. The surface morphology of the composite were analyzed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that Ag particle are embedded in polyaniline chain to form multiple phases. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Spectrograph suggests that they exhibit semi-crystalline behavior. It was also found that the electrical conductivity of PANI/Ag nanocomposite was about 100 times higher than that of pure polyaniline.
Keyword: Polyaniline, Silvernanoparticle,SEM,XRD, Electrical Conductivity.

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M.RAJASEKHAR,J.MARIMUTHU, M.NITHYA"Synthesis and characterization of silver Nano composite polyaniline"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Friction Stir Welding is the process used for joining relatively softer material like aluminum and its alloys, using a non-consumable tool. The flow of material governs the yield strength of the joint in FSW and there are various parameters which affect this flow. The analytical study conducted in this paper presents rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and tool pin radius as the most influential of these parameters. This work is an attempt to study their effects on yield strength separately by considering maximum temperature generated in the weld zone as governing constraint and then finding and empirical relationship considering the weightage of each parameter in yield strength calculation. This results in the evaluation of optimal range of these parameters and optimal value of yield strength.
Key words:Friction Stir Welding, Parameter Optimization, Weightage Allocation, Yield Strength

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Krishan Mohan Baghel, Pankaj Agarwal "Weightage Allocation to influential parameters in FSW for Yield Strength Evaluation"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

"Groundwater has become a necessary resource over the past decades due to the increase in its usage for drinking, water supply, irrigation and industrial uses etc. Groundwater resources are now facing threats due to anthropogenic activities. The groundwater quality is equally important as that of quantity. Mapping of spatial variability of groundwater quality is of vital importance and it is particularly significant where groundwater is primary source of potable water. The present study has been undertaken to analyze the spatial variability of groundwater quality for Gudur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District located in the Andhra Pradesh State. MS Excel- Analysis ToolPak is used for mathematical analysis of the parameters and ArcGIS Version 10.1 is used for the spatial analysis and it is a powerful tool for representation and analysis of spatial information related to water resources. A total of 280 bore well water samples are collected. The major water quality parameters such as pH, Total dissolved solids, Total alkalinity as calcium carbonate, Total hardness, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride, Iron have been analysed as per BIS 10500-2012. The spatial variation maps of these groundwater quality parameters were derived and integrated through GIS. The final integrated map shows five priority classes such as Excellent, Good, Poor, Very poor, Unsuitable for zones of the study area and provides a guideline for the suitability of groundwater for domestic purposes.
Keywords:GIS, Groundwater, Spatial variation, Regression models, Water Quality Index.

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Nambi Harish, Dr. U. Chandra Bhaskar Reddy "Analysis of Water Quality Index for Groundwater in Gudur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District - Integrated With RS And GIS"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Water management practices need a fresh look in order to avoid water crisis in the next two decades. This essentially requires looking for proper management practices for growing economy and population. The water resources of the Lake basins remain almost constant while demand of water for various purposes is increasing. Water pollution as a corollary of accelerated industrial growth has drawn concerns over public health and environment. Water is required for different purposes like domestic, agricultural, hydro-power, navigation, recreation, etc. Utilization in all these diverse uses of water should be optimized and an awareness of water as a inadequate resource should be fostered. Water quality index (WQI) is precious and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. This paper elaborates on the WQI concepts and current scenario of Jambhulwadi Lake which will help in future as natural potable groundwater resource. It also focuses on case scenario of calculating WQI using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index an example dataset. The quality of water way to evaluate by testing various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),Alkalinity Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD),Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrites, Phosphate, Conductivity..
Keywords –Dataset, Jambhulwadi Lake, Parameter, Quality, Status, WQI

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Aher D. N., Kele V. D., Malwade K. D., Shelke M. D."Lake Water Quality Indexing To Identify Suitable Sites For Household Utility: A Case Study Jambhulwadi Lake;Pune(MS)"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In modern age, the decrease of available free land and increase of land prices along with the wide spread of urban area has made architects and engineers to develop the cities vertically. For vertical growth, the only option is to construct the buildings as high as possible. It is a task of a structural designer to make the desired building stand and stable throughout its life. There are various structural systems for tall buildings, among them diagrid system is selected for this work. Diagrid is an exterior structural system which resists the lateral forces by axial actions of diagonals provided in periphery. Statistical analysis of tall buildings in India is carried out and presented for buildings having height more than 150 m or 40 storeys. Parametric study and detailed comparison of diagrid structural system with respect to conventional frame is carried out for symmetrical buildings. In this study seven steel buildings of identical base area and loadings with different heights are designed for optimum sections for both structural systems diagrid and conventional frame in ETABS. Various parameters like fundamental time period, maximum top storey lateral displacement, maximum base shear, steel weight, percentage differences in change of steel weight, maximum storey displacement and maximum storey drift are considered in this study. A Diagrid structure performs well than conventional frame structures and increase in steel weight with increase in height of building is considerably less in diagrid structures.
Keywords:Tall buildings, Diagrid system, Tall buildings in India, Conventional frame system, lateral loads, Optimum design, Parametric Study, ETABS

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Manthan I. Shah, Snehal V. Mevada, Vishal B. Patel"Comparative Study of Diagrid Structures with Conventional Frame Structures"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The seismic response of non-structural element placed on single-storey, two-way asymmetric building under bi-directional excitations is investigated. The response is obtained by numerically solving the governing equations of motion. The seismic response of the system and non-structural element is obtained by numerically solving the equations of motion using state-space method under different system parameters. The comparative performance is investigated of non-structural element placed at different places on single story asymmetric building and finding a best place for survival during earthquake. It is found that non-structural element at flexible edge along Y- direction gives less response of displacement and acceleration. So, non-structural element placed at flexible edge along Y- direction on asymmetric SDOF system performs better in earthquake than at other places.
Keyword: Seismic, Bi-Direction Excitation, Non-Structural Elements, Displacement, Acceleration.

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Pinkesh M. Dalal , Snehal V. Mevada , Sumant B. Patel"Seismic Response of Non-Structural Element Placed on Single Story Two-Way Asymmetric Building under Bi-Directional Excitations "Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is a useful tool that separates signals-of-interest (SOIs) from interference and noise in non-stationary environments. This requires estimation of the rotational parameter "a‟ to rotate the signal to a new domain along an axis "ta‟, in which the interference can best be filtered out. The value of "a‟ is typically chosen as that which minimizes the mean-square error (MSE) between the desired SOI and its estimate or that minimizes the overlap between the signal and noise, projected onto the axis "ta‟. In this paper, we extend this concept to perform repeated filtering, in multiple FrFT domains to reduce the MSE further than can be done with a single FrFT. We perform this solely using MSE as the metric by which to compute "a‟ at each stage, thereby simplifying the approach and improving performance over conventional single stage FrFT methods or methods based solely on the frequency domain filtering, such as the Fast Fourier transform (FFT). We show that the proposed method improves the MSE two or three orders of magnitude over the conventional methods using L ≤ 3 stages of FrFT filtering.
Key words:Fractional Fourier Transform, Interference Cancellation, Mean-Square Error

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Seema Sud "Interference Cancellation by Repeated Filtering in the Fractional Fourier Transform Domain Using Mean-Square Error Convergence"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

"In this work, we develop a new approach to active noise cancellation. Theoretically, we use a 180 degree phase shift of the noise, i.e. generate an anti-noise, to cancel the original signal. Here, we have designed FIR filter which is driven by the input signal and has the noise signal as the feedback, and output of which is the required result. The active noise control system contains an electro-acoustic device that cancels the unwanted audio signal by generating an anti-noise of equal amplitude and opposite phase. The original, unwanted sound and the anti-noise combine acoustically, resulting in the cancellation of both sounds. The effectiveness of cancellation of the unwanted signal depends on the accuracy of the amplitude and phase of the generated anti-noise.
Keywords:Active Noise Cancellation, LMS algorithm, FIR filter, Simulink, DSP kit, Silentium.

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Ankit Sanjay Shah, Mohnish Sunil Pophale, Chaitanya Sunildatta Prabhune"Active Noise Cancellation"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. We have proposed "the prediction approach‟ in big data which is usually based totally at the decision making or clinical acumen aspect of a Dentist. Collaborative filtering is a "facts Mining method‟ in which data is fed into the machine which analysis it using certain parameters and offer resultant outcomes which helps in the future prediction of the disease, which in this case is Periodontitis. This will help in making decisions by examining or analyzing the whole disorder and plan the treatment to prevent its occurrence in future. It is by far the most specialized and latest technology used in Dentistry to prevent the disease occurrence in advance before it arise and create treatment strategies for future prevention of the disease. This method could be tested with the huge collection of ancient statistics of dental diseases to check the effectiveness of the technique and based on the generated end result; precision of prediction can be executed in future.
Keywords –Collaborative filtering, Big data analytics, periodontitis, Dental Anatomy.

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SULAIGAL FEMINA.A, R. SELVAMATHA"The Prediction Approach for Periodontitis Using Collaborative Filtering Method in Big Data"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The symmetry, tilt and elongation degrees are figures of merit which can be used to describe the radar target shape once incorporated with the target resonance modes. Through optimization of the second moments of the quadrature-polarized residues matrix, the angles are determined by the optimum co-null polarization states. The approach is tested and validated against low signal-to-noise ratio and also the late-time onset selection when extracting the mode set. A wire plane model is used and the results show that with ensemble averaging it possible to have robust polarization angle set, even with small number of sample set.
Keywords:Polarization Angles, Stokes vector, Singularity Expansion Method, Feature set

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Faisal Aldhubaib"Validation of Polarization angles Based Resonance Modes"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The increase in the number of terrorist attacks especially in the last few years has shown that the effect of blast load on building is a serious challenge that should be taken in to consideration for designing of structures. This type of loading damages the structures, externally as well as internally. Hence the blast load should be considered with same importance as earthquake load. The present study includes the comparative performance of G+3 storey building subjected to blast and earthquake loading using ETABS. For four storey building using different input parameters like charge explosive, stand-off distance and layout of building the blast pressure are conducted and linear time history analysis is carried out. Comparative study for blast and earthquake loading is carried out for different parameters like maximum storey displacement, storey drift and quantity of materials. Safe charge explosive and safe stand-off distance are obtained for the RCC structure with the sections of structural elements same as per the requirement for earthquake resistance. Displacement is higher for the blast loading as compared to earthquake loading and very high for the storey at which blast load is applied. Quantity of concrete is 40 percentages higher for blast resistant building than the earthquake resistant building
Keyword: blast, earthquake, explosion, charge weight, safe stand-off distance

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Aditya C. Bhatt , Snehal V. Mevada , Sumant B. Patel"Comparative Study of Response of Structures Subjected To Blast and Earthquake Loading"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In digital communication forward error correction methods have a great practical importance when channel is noisy. Convolutional error correction code can correct both type of errors random and burst. Convolution encoding has been used in digital communication systems including deep space communication and wireless communication. The error correction capability of convolutional code depends on code rate and constraint length. The low code rate and high constraint length has more error correction capabilities but that also introduce large overhead. This paper introduces convolutional encoders for various constraint lengths. By increasing the constraint length the error correction capability can be increased. The performance and error correction also depends on the selection of generator polynomial. This paper also introduces a good generator polynomial which has high performance and error correction capabilities.
Key words:Convolutional Encoder, Code Rate, Constraint Length (CL), Generator Polynomials (GP), Viterbi Decoder.

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Deepa Kumari, Madan Lal Saini "Design and Performance Analysis of Convolutional Encoder and Viterbi Decoder for Various Generator Polynomials"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Documents Image Binarization is performed in the preprocessing stage for document analysis and it aims to segment the foreground text from the document background. A fast and accurate document image binarization technique is important for the ensuing document image processing tasks such as optical character recognition (OCR). Though document image binarization has been studied for many years, the thresholding of degraded document images is still an unsolved problem due to the high inter/intra variation between the text stroke and the document background across different document images. The handwritten text within the degraded documents often shows a certain amount of variation in terms of the stroke width, stroke brightness, stroke connection, and document background. In addition, historical documents are often degraded by the bleed. Documents are often degraded by different types of imaging artifact. These different types of document degradations tend to induce the document thresholding error and make degraded document image binarization a big challenge to most state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed method is simple, robust and capable of handling different types of degraded document images with minimum parameter tuning. It makes use of the adaptive image contrast that combines the local image contrast and the local image gradient adaptively and therefore is tolerant to the text and background variation caused by different types of document degradations. In particular, the proposed technique addresses the over-normalization problem of the local maximum minimum algorithm. At the same time, the parameters used in the algorithm can be adaptively estimated.
Keyword: Binarization, OCR, Thresholding, Adaptive

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G.silpalatha, K.S.Raghavendra Reddy and B.Rajani Kumar Reddy"Binarization of Document Image"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Connecting the adjacent buildings with dampers not only mitigates the structural response, but also avoids pounding. In this paper, the seismic response of two adjacent single storey buildings of different fundamental frequencies connected with various types of dampers under different earthquake excitations is studied. A formulation of the equations of motion for model of buildings connected with dampers is presented. The seismic response of the system is obtained by numerically solving the equations of motion using state-space method. The effectiveness of various types of dampers, viz., non-linear viscos and viscoelastic dampers in terms of the reduction of structural responses (i.e., displacements and accelerations) of connected adjacent buildings is investigated. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the optimum damping coefficient of the dampers for adjacent single storey connected buildings. Results show that connecting the adjacent single storey buildings of different fundamental frequencies by these dampers can effectively reduce the earthquake induced responses of either building. There exist optimum damper coefficients for minimum earthquake response of the buildings.
Key words:Adjacent connected buildings, Non-linear viscous dampers, Optimum, Seismic response, Viscoelastic dampers..

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Neha M. Mevada, Snehal V. Mevada, Sumant B. Patel "Seismic Response of Adjacent Buildings Connected With Non-linear Viscous and Viscoelastic Dampers"Vol. 6 - Issue 5 (May - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com