Volume 6 - Issue 4

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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA)

Volume 6 - Issue 4

  • Influence Of The Powder/Asphalt Ratio On The High Stress Responses Of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mortars
    Ma Tengfei
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    In order to study different powder/asphalt ratios effect on nonlinear viscoelastic responses of mortar, this paper choose limestone as the filler, and powder/asphalt ratio is 0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8.The tests were conducted using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer to perform multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests.The test results show that􀉼with the increase of powder/asphalt ratio􀉼irrecoverable creep compliance(Jnr) value of the mortar decrease gradually, and the amplitude is larger.High temperature performance of the mortar are improve obviously.Using environmental scanning electron microscopy to scan those mortars,it analyzed the improvement of mortar from the microcosmic mechanism.
    Keyword: powder/asphalt ratio, crumb rubber modified asphalt mortar, MSCR, High stress responses

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    Ma Tengfei "Influence Of The Powder/Asphalt Ratio On The High Stress Responses Of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mortars"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Novel Camera Based Mobile Robot With Obstacle Avoidance And Fire Extinguish Control
    S.Vivekanadan, G.Santhosh, S.Janarth Kumar , S.Shiva Shankar, S.Vinod Kumar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The project is based on mobile wireless robot technology that performs the dual operation as obstacle avoidance and fire extinguish. The sensors used here are ultrasonic sensor for obstacle avoidance and flame sensor to detect the fire. Here, the signals are received by an Arduino board for controlling the robot. The motor drives are used to drive the robot. A wireless monitoring system is used to display the present scenario.in detail It is a robot that autonomously detects and extinguish fire. It uses flame sensor for detection of fire, also ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and Arduino board for processing. The Fire extinguisher along with actuator is used to extinguishing the fire which is been detected. The robot continuously scans for fire. This scanning is performed by Flame sensors placed on the sides When a fire is detected, it moves in the direction of fire and stops in front of it and trigger the extinguisher to turn out the fire.In order to achieve the extinguish process a robot has arm with Electronic valve and a motor is used along with the body to change the angle of the arm. This arm and motor can be controlled by the Arduino. The power source for the robot comes from a battery.
    Key words:Robotics,Arduino, Obstacle Avoidance, ultrasonic sensor, Flame sensor.

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    S.Vivekanadan, G.Santhosh, S.Janarth Kumar, S.Shiva Shankar, S.Vinod Kumar "A Novel Camera Based Mobile Robot With Obstacle Avoidance And Fire Extinguish Control"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • The Influence of the Resonant Frequency on the Presence Of Chimera State
    Phablo Ramos Carvalho, José Flávio Silveira Feiteira, Alberto Paiva
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The Chimera State could be a result of the interaction between the resonant frequency and the synchronization process in a network of identical oscillators. The target of this paper is to do the numerically investigation of the chimera occurrence in a model with fifteen metronomes on each swing and two coupled swings Therefore, changing the value of metronomes oscillation frequency one can observe the level of synchronization between the two populations of metronomes through the Kuramoto complex order parameter. This analysis was conducted considering three different values of the connecting spring's stiffness among the swings. Thus, a relation between the presence of chimera state and the system resonant frequency was observed.
    Keywords:Chimera States, Dynamic Systems, Resonance frequency, Synchronization

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    Phablo Ramos Carvalho, José Flávio Silveira Feiteira, Alberto Paiva "The Influence of the Resonant Frequency on the Presence Of Chimera State"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Introduction to Investigation And Utilizing Lean Test Metrics In Agile Software Testing Methodologies
    Padmaraj Nidagundi
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The growth of the software development industry approaches the new development methodologies to deliver the error free software to its end-user fulfilling the business values to product. The growth of tools and technology has brought the automation in the development and software testing process, it has also increased the demand of the fast testing and delivery of the software to end customers. Traditional software development methodologies to trending agile software development trend have brought new philosophy, dimensions, and processes having invested new tools to make process easy. The Agile development (Scrum, XP, FDD, BDD, ATDD, ASD, DSDM, Kanban, Crystal and Lean) process also faces the software testing model crises because of the fast development of life cycles, fast delivery to end users without having appropriate test metrics which make the software testing process slow as well as increase the risk. The analysis of the testing metrics in the software testing process and setting the right lean test metrics help to improve the software quality effectively in agile process.
    Keywords –Agile, Software Testing, Software Test Metrics, Software Error

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    Padmaraj Nidagundi"Introduction to Investigation And Utilizing Lean Test Metrics In Agile Software Testing Methodologies"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Electronic Hand Glove Through Gestures For Verbally Challenged Persons
    Mukesh P. Mahajan, Devyani Badve, Pooja Sonar, Sayali Sonawane
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This paper presents design of Electronic hand glove to facilitate an easy and better communication through synthesized speech for the verbally challenged peoples. Most Probably, a speechless person communicates through sign language which is not understood by the majority of people. The proposed system is designed to solve this problem. Gestures of fingers of a person of this glove will be converted into synthesized speech to convey an audible message to others. Speech is typically accompanied by manual gestures. Earlier there were many systems designed for dumb and deaf to interact with ordinary people. But these systems had many drawbacks and interrupts. We are designing such a system that even a dumb, deaf and blind can communicate with each other without taking help of ordinary people. This system is going to help them to interact with the outside world.
    Keywords:Hand glove, speechless communication, gesture, ATMEGA 328

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    Mukesh P. Mahajan, Devyani Badve, Pooja Sonar, Sayali Sonawane "Electronic Hand Glove Through Gestures For Verbally Challenged Persons"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Feasibility Study of Synthesis of Nanostructured Aluminum Nitride Through Sol-Gel Route
    Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    ....
    Keywords-...

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    Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri "Feasibility Study of Synthesis of Nanostructured Aluminum Nitride Through Sol-Gel Route"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • MEMS Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor: A Survey
    Shwetha Meti, Kirankumar B. Balavald, B. G. Sheeparmatti
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Piezoresistive pressure sensors are one of the very first products of MEMS technology, and are used in various fields like automotive industries, aerospace, biomedical applications, and household appliances. Amongst various transduction principles of pressure sensor piezoresistive transduction mechanism is widely used. Over a decade therehas been tremendous improvement in the development of the design of piezoresistive pressure sensor starting with the invention of piezoresistance in the silicon to the recent piezoresistive pressure sensor materials. Because of its high sensitivity, high gauge factor, independent to the temperature, linear operation over a wide range of pressure, and many more advantages. This paper provides survey of piezoresistive pressure sensor including their pressure sensing mechanism, evolution, materials, design considerations, performance parameter that to be considered and the fabrication process used
    Keywords - MEMS, Pressure sensor, Piezoresistor, Silicon

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    Shwetha Meti, Kirankumar B. Balavald, B. G. Sheeparmatti "MEMS Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor: A Survey"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Review on Mobile Cloud Learning In Higher Education
    Dr.Lakshmi, G.D.Dhanalakshmi
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Versatile cloud taking in, a blend of portable learning and distributed computing, is a moderately new idea that holds significant guarantee for future advancement and conveyance in the instruction parts. Distributed computing offers portable realizing some assistance with overcoming deterrents identified with versatile processing. The principle center of this paper is to investigate how distributed computing changes conventional versatile learning. A contextual analysis of the use of Moodle in the cloud by means of portable learning in Khalifa University was directed.
    Keywords - Cloud computing; mobile learning; mobile cloud learning; Moodle; higher education

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    Dr.Lakshmi, G.D.Dhanalakshmi "A Review on Mobile Cloud Learning In Higher Education"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Ease of Use and Its Effect on User Decision of Adopting New Method of Car Rental Service
    Firas Omar, Ahmad Nabot
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The effective collaboration of multidisciplinary fields of software engineering and business will eventually lead to a better understanding of UX and how to use such in our daily life .This paper spots the light on the how can we improve the user experience of using a internet website to commit and complete a business transaction of booking a vehicle through ease of use.
    Keywords - UX, E-business, Trust, Ease of use

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    Firas Omar, Ahmad Nabot"Ease of Use and Its Effect on User Decision of Adopting New Method of Car Rental Service"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Efficient Detection Of Selfish Node In Manet Using A Colloborative Watchdog
    S.Lavanyak.Pavithra, P.Prema
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET) are collected many number of nodes.In a mobile ad-hoc network(MANET) undertakes that all the mobile nodes unitewillingly in order to work accurately.This is a cost –intensive action for the collaboration and particular nodes can decline to cooperate then it will prominent to a selfish node behaviour.Thus, it will utterly affect the global network performance.The watchdogs are a well-known device used for identifying a selfish node.Theprocedure performed by watchdogs can fail,generating false positives and false negatives this may convince to wrong operation.Whenidentifying selfish node trusting on local watchdogs only can prime to poor performance,in terms of precision and speed.Thus we propose collaborative contact based watchdog(COCOWA) as a collaborative method based on the dispersion of selfish nodes responsiveness when a contact occurs,so the evidence will quickly circulated about selfish nodes. As shown in the paper,whenidentifying a selfish nodes this collaborative approach decreases the time and rises the precision.
    Keywords -...

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    S.Lavanyak.Pavithra, P.Prema "Efficient Detection Of Selfish Node In Manet Using A Colloborative Watchdog"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Effect of Grain Size and Reaction Time in Characterisation of Aggregates for Alkali Silica Reaction Using Chemical Method
    R.P. Pathak , Pankaj Sharma, Kachhal Prabhaakar , Sameer Vyas , N.V. Mahure , N Sivakumar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Concrete can deteriorate as a result of alkali aggregate reaction, an interaction between alkalis present in alkaline pore solution originating from the Portland cement and reactive minerals in certain types of aggregates. Potential reactivity of aggregates with regard to alkalis present in concrete mix can be determined by Mortar Bar method, Chemical Method and Petrographic analysis. Of these the chemical method though is quick and does not require a large quantity of material for testing yet have its own inherent limitations. It does not ensure completion of reaction as the observations are limited to 24hour only and also does not assess the effect of varying the combination of coarse and fine aggregates. A study on chemical method by allowing the reaction for a prolonged time up to 96 hours and also on different grain size ranged matrix was carried at Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi. Simultaneously the test results of the modified method are compared to the existing Mortar Bar method, Chemical Method and Petrographic analysis The outcome of the studies clearly reflects that the grain size play an important role in the reaction, the reaction time has a demarked impact on reactivity, in the cases having a high value of silica release the choice of reduction in alkalinity as an indicator of degree of reaction is not reliable, instead measuring remaining Na2O concentration in Sodium hydroxide solution after the reaction seems to be much more meaningful in justifying the silica release.
    Keywords - Aggregate, Petrographic, Mortar Bar Expansion, Alkali, Silica

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    R.P. Pathak, Pankaj Sharma, Kachhal Prabhaakar , Sameer Vyas , N.V. Mahure , N Sivakumar "Effect of Grain Size and Reaction Time in Characterisation of Aggregates for Alkali Silica Reaction Using Chemical Method"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano Fluids & Ethylene Glycol
    B. Meganathan M.E, Guru Prasanth.G, Manikandan.S, Pakeer Irfan Ahamed.A, Vishal.P.V.
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    A Nano fluid is the evolving concept which is very rarely used in the many core industries. Nano fluids have found a great application in heat exchangers by increasing the thermal conductivity. We have aimed to increasing the heat transfer co-efficient by using copper oxide Nano fluid. The Nano particles are formed by using precipitation method and their fluids are formed by adding surfactants to the base fluid. The comparative study on the Heat exchanger is made by using the CuO Nano Fluid and Hot water. The analysis and the results shows that the overall heat transfer rate increases when subjected to Nano Fluids. The ethylene glycol fluid used along with copper oxide Nano fluid will offer resistance to fouling
    Keyword: Heat exchanger, Precipitation process, Copper oxide Nano particle, Surfactants, Copper oxide Nano fluid Overall heat transfer increased.

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    B. Meganathan M.E, Guru Prasanth.G, Manikandan.S, Pakeer Irfan Ahamed.A, Vishal.P.V. "Increasing Thermal Conductivity of a Heat Exchanger Using Copper Oxide Nano Fluids & Ethylene Glycol"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Climatology Applied To Architecture: An Experimental Investigation about Internal Temperatures Distribution at Two Test Cells
    Grace Tibério Cardoso, Francisco Vecchia, Alcindo Neckel
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Data were analyzed en relative spatial distribution of the internal surface temperature (IST) and internal air temperature or dry bulb (TBS), in two different test cells, for a typical experimental day under the influence of tropical mass. The main goal of this research is to provide guidelines to collect temperature data experimentally since there is not an appropriate standard to guide this methodological procedure in buildings. The data series of dry bulb temperature and internal surface temperatures were measured in a test cell with a green roof and the other with conventional ceramic roof by thermocouples installed at predetermined locations. The data of solar radiation and the main climatic variables were recorded by the automatic weather station at the Center of Science Engineering Applied to the Environment (CCEAMA), School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC-USP). The results led to the conclusion that the distribution of the internal surface temperature is almost uniform in the two test cells, but in relation to the dry bulb temperature there is a small vertical temperature gradient in the conventional cell. This work will contribute significantly to future studies in the area of human comfort and environmental suitability of buildings.
    Key words:Dynamic climatology, Test Cells, Spatial distribution, Internal temperatures.

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    Grace Tibério Cardoso, Francisco Vecchia, Alcindo Neckel "Climatology Applied To Architecture: An Experimental Investigation about Internal Temperatures Distribution at Two Test Cells"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Forest-Fires Surveillance System Based On Wireless Sensor Network
    Mr.Lalit Patil, Miss.Divya Chopda, Miss.Prachi Jadhav, Miss.Mansi Borse
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "We present the design and evaluation of a wireless sensor network for early detection of forest fires. Wild fires cause to damage on forest and a mountain which have valuable natural resources during the dry winter season Where it becomes very paramount to cover the area caused by fire by the forest fighters. Current surveillance systems utilize a camera, an infrared sensor system and a satellite system. These systems cannot support authentic time surveillance, monitoring and automatic alarm. Even though it gives information about fire caused area,but asthe forest looks same in all areas as it is covered with dense trees it is very hard to recognize the exact area andimage transmition through the transmitter to the officers computer takes too much time .It takes too much time to load the image. Which in turns waste the time and fire caused area goes on increasing. Taking in toconsideration all this faults of the prior system in the forest we have designed our modified project.In our project, we develop a forest fires surveillance system
    Keywords:Forest fire, smoke, sultriness, temperature, zigbee

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    Mr.Lalit Patil, Miss.Divya Chopda, Miss.Prachi Jadhav, Miss.Mansi Borse "Forest-Fires Surveillance System Based On Wireless Sensor Network"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • The Effect of Temperature and Rock Permeability on Oil-Water Relative Permeability Curves of Waxy Crude Oil
    Liyuan Cao, ShenglaiYang, XiangrongNie, Sanchuan Li
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Wax deposition has always been a problem for the production of waxy crude oil. When the reservoir temperature is below the wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax would precipitate in the oil phase as wax crystals, which could increase the oil viscosity and decrease the permeability of the rock. In this study, a series of core flooding experiments under 5 different temperatures and using two groups of core samples with permeability liein300 md and 1000 md respectively were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature and rock permeability on waxy crude oil-water relative permeability curves under reservoir condition. The results revealed that temperature has a significant influence on relative permeability, especially when the temperature is below the WAT (70℃ in this study). The initial water decreased by 40% and the residual oil saturation increased to about 2.5 times when temperature decreased from 85℃ to 50℃ for experiments of both two groups in this study. Oil recovery decreased as the temperature dropped. There was not much difference between the oil recovery of cores with permeability of 1000 md and that with permeability of 300 md until the temperature dropped to 70℃, and the difference increased to 8% when temperature decreased to 50℃, which implies that reservoir with lower permeability is easier to be damaged by wax deposition only when the temperature drops to below WAT. According to this work, it is suggested that reservoir temperature should be better maintained higher than theWAT when extracting waxy crude oil of this reservoir, or at least above 60℃.
    Keyword: -Waxy crude oil, temperature, permeability, relative permeability curve, oil recovery factor

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    Liyuan Cao, ShenglaiYang, XiangrongNie, Sanchuan Li "The Effect of Temperature and Rock Permeability on Oil-Water Relative Permeability Curves of Waxy Crude Oil"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Stratified Methodology for the Marine Electronic Highway for Policy Makers along the West Coast of India and South Coast of Srilanka
    Abhishek Gupta, Lokita
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The Main objective is to present evaluation and judgment model for computing of Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) system & technologies. By achieving MEH system, the environmental impact has reduced along with the improvement of quality and reliability in the freedom of navigation at sea. The dissertation is a study, to examine the need for the Policy Makers along the west coast of India and south coast of Sri Lanka, to identify the critical areas of the coastline, which require urgent attention because of traffic density as well as environmental sensitivity and to propose suitable solutions to manage the shipping traffic in this region safely and effectively For this target, a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method is applied in the selection of options with respect to various attributes as it becomes difficult in part of authorities to arrive a suitable decision on choosing the type of parameters and factors depending for a particular area or region. TOPSIS method and AHP are used to find the parallel importance of the chosen attributes at various regions and based on this, suitable options are determined. Key deliverables of the system have been identified considering the needs of India and Sri Lanka
    Key words:About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma.

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    Abhishek Gupta, Lokita "A Stratified Methodology for the Marine Electronic Highway for Policy Makers along the West Coast of India and South Coast of Srilanka"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Identification of Multiple Harmonic Sources in Electric Power System with Erroneous Measurements Using Several Indices
    Luis Alberto Hernández Armenta, David Romero Romero1
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "This Article shows that the current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be used reliably as index to identify the location of multiple harmonic sources in a power network. It isproved that the current THD locate the harmonic sources with a±1%uniformly distributed erroneous measurement. Current THD, Euclidean norm and the magnitude of the nodal harmonic current are compared as indices to identify harmonic sources in Electric Power Systems. It is shown that with an erroneous measurement of ±1%, uniformly distributed, it is not possible to locate multipleharmonic sources using the Euclidean norm and the nodal harmonic current.A 30 nodes system with three harmonic sources is tested with de Heydt's method, the Euclidean norm and the current THD.
    Keywords:Harmonic, Electric Power System, Current injections method, THD, Euclidean norm, Static Vars Compensator (SVC).

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    Luis Alberto Hernández Armenta, David Romero Romero1"Identification of Multiple Harmonic Sources in Electric Power System with Erroneous Measurements Using Several Indices"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Numerical Modeling and Simulation of a Double Tube Heat Exchanger Adopting a Black Box Approach
    Agniprobho Mazumder, Dr. Bijan Kumar Mandal.
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The double tube heat exchangers are commonly used in industry due to their simplicity in design and also their operation at high temperatures and pressures. As the inlet parameters like temperatures and mass flow rates change during operation, the outlet temperatures will also change. In the present paper, a simple approximate linear model has been proposed to predict the outlet temperatures of a double tube heat exchanger, considering it as a black box. The simulation of the heat exchanger has been carried out first using the commercial CFD software FLUENT. Next the linear model of the double tube heat exchanger based on lumped parameters has been developed using the basic governing equations, considering it as a black box. Results have been generated for outlet temperatures for different inlet temperatures and mass flow rates of the cold and hot fluids. The results obtained using the above two methods have then been discussed and compared with the numerical results available in the literature to justify the basis for the assumption of a linear approximation. Comparisons of the predicted results from the present model show a good agreement with the experimental results published in the literature. The assumptions of linear variation of outlet temperatures with the inlet temperature of one fluid (keeping other inlet parameters fixed) is very well justified and hence the model can be employed for the analysis of double tube heat exchangers.
    Keyword: Black Box, Heat Exchanger, Linear Model, Numerical Modeling

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    Agniprobho Mazumder, Dr. Bijan Kumar Mandal "Numerical Modeling and Simulation of a Double Tube Heat Exchanger Adopting a Black Box Approach"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Verilog Implementation of 32-Bit CISC Processor
    P.Kanaka Sirisha,P.A.V.Sai Sindhuja,P.Prasanthi,K.Kiran, K.Ankala Rao
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The Project deals with the design of the 32-Bit CISC Processor and modeling of its components using Verilog language. The Entire Processor uses 32-Bit bus to deal with all the registers and the memories. This Processor implements various arithmetic, logical, Data Transfer operations etc., using variable length instructions, which is the core property of the CISC Architecture. The Processor also supports various addressing modes to perform a 32-Bit instruction. Our Processor uses Harvard Architecture (i.e., to have a separate program and data memory) and hence has different buses to negotiate with the Program Memory and Data Memory individually. This feature enhances the speed of our processor. Hence it has two different Program Counters to point to the memory locations of the Program Memory and Data Memory.Our processor has 'Instruction Queuing' which enables it to save the time needed to fetch the instruction and hence increases the speed of operation. 'Interrupt Service Routine' is provided in our Processor to make it address the Interrupts.
    Key words:PC-Program counter,DM-Data memory,S_BUS-system bus,ACC-Acumulator,MUX-Multiplexer,DEMUX-Demultiplexer,IR-Instruction register

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    P.Kanaka Sirisha,P.A.V.Sai Sindhuja,P.Prasanthi,K.Kiran, K.Ankala Rao "Verilog Implementation of 32-Bit CISC Processor"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Security Issues and Challenges in Internet of Things – A Review
    Lilima Jain, Kishore Kumar. U, Vishanth Fastino. A, Prof. R. Manjula
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The Internet of Things (IoT) alludes to the continually developing system of physical articles that component an IP address for web availability, and the correspondence that happens between these items and other Web empowered gadgets and frameworks. The security issues of the Internet of Things (IoT) are straight forwardly identified with the wide utilization of its framework. IoT securities and enhancing the design and several elements of this work showcases various security issues with respect to IoT and thinks of solutions for the issues under the advancements included. Here we are going to do a study of all the security issues existing in the Internet of Things (IoT) alongside an examination of the protection issues that an end-client might confront as an outcome of the spread of IoT. Most of the overview is centred around the security emerging out of the data trade innovations utilized as a part of Internet of Things. As a piece of IoTs, genuine concerns are raised over access of individual data relating to gadget and individual protection. This review tells about the security and protection issues of IoT.
    Keywords:Internet of Things, Security, Communication, Issues and Challenges in Maintenance Phase.

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    Lilima Jain, Kishore Kumar. U, Vishanth Fastino. A, Prof. R. Manjula "Security Issues and Challenges in Internet of Things – A Review"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Optimization of Thermal Performance of Solar radiation for Optimum Geometrical Shape of Box Type Solar Cooker
    Jatin Shringi, Dharmendra Kumar Jain
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The objective of paper is to carry out the study of optimization of thermal performance of solar radiation for optimum geometrical shape of a box type solar cooker. The study involves fabrication of different geometries for on field evaluation in region. In observation temperature profiles are plotted against equal time intervals and then figure of merit is calculated. In solar cooking heat transfer modes i.e. conduction, convection and radiation plays a dominant role. The solar technologies for cooking are highly useful in developing countries like India which is enriched with sunshine. The results show that trapezoidal shape is better than other geometrical shapes made and the information will likely impact on design of future solar cookers.
    Keyword: Box type solar cooker, figure of merit, geometrical shapes, heat transfer, temperature Profiles

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    Jatin Shringi, Dharmendra Kumar Jain "Optimization of Thermal Performance of Solar radiation for Optimum Geometrical Shape of Box Type Solar Cooker"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Petrological and Geochemical Studies on Granitoids in Bibinagar- Bhongir Area, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India.
    Ch. Ramakrishna, G. Mallesh, Ch. Ravi, and M. Narsimha Reddy
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The Granitoids of the Bibinagar- Bhongir area in the Nalgonda district are purely high potassic calc alkaline and meta aluminous and A-type belongs to Peninsular Gneissic Complex of the Eastern Dharwar Craton. The petrographic study of granitoids indicates that of pure magmatic origin in the form of different magmatic textures viz. perthitic, porphyritic and poiklitic textures. Geochemically the granitoids are rich in K2O & Na2O suggesting source from calc-alkaline magma. The Granitoids are falling mostly in the volcanic arc field on Yb vs Ta discrimination plot. The REE pattern shows strong Eu negative anomaly, suggesting early separation of plagioclase and the enhanced level of LILE relative to HFSE in Bibinagar-Bhongir--.
    Key words:Granitoids, Geochemistry, Petrology,.

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    Ch. Ramakrishna, G. Mallesh, Ch. Ravi, and M. Narsimha Reddy "Petrological and Geochemical Studies on Granitoids in Bibinagar- Bhongir Area, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India."Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analysis of Changing Land Use Land Cover in Salinity Affected Coastal Region
    Vikrant Vijay Singh, Anupma Sharma
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Anthropogenic activities have induced many changes in land use over a period of three decades in a salinity affected semi-arid region of coastal Saurashtra in Gujarat. To overcome water scarcity and quality issues, efforts have been undertaken by state authorities to conserve and effectively use surface water resource to supplement the irrigation and domestic water requirements. Surface water schemes implemented in the area have altered the general land use conditions. In the present study, remotely sensed data coupled with ancillary data are used for analysing the land use-land cover change. Supervised classification and post classification techniques are employed to classify various land use-land cover classes and to detect changes, respectively. Landscape pattern change has been studied by analysing the spatial pattern of land use land cover classes structure. The results show that the region has experienced significant changes over a thirty year period. Growth in agricultural activities, policies developed to conserve freshwater runoff, and increase in built-up area, are the main driving forces behind these changes.
    Keywords:coastal region, change detection, GIS, land use, remote sensing, supervised classification

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    Vikrant Vijay Singh, Anupma Sharma "Analysis of Changing Land Use Land Cover in Salinity Affected Coastal Region"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • An Overview of Landslide Forecasting Using Wireless Sensor Network and Geographical Information System
    Anitha K, Ravi S
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Landslides are natural disasters cause losses in many human lives and damage properties every year around the globe. Using of physical and electronic monitoring makes possible in prediction and prevention losses from landslide. Today, the wireless sensor network technology has been developed rapidly for landslide predictions. The primary object of this present paper is to overview the landslide prediction method using wireless sensor networks (WSN) and geographical information systems (GIS). The paper focuses on various landslide conditioning factors, WSN design requirement, and small scale down slope model similar to study area (hazard location). Landslide prediction database to support warning system are also discussed.
    Keywords:Landslide, WSN, conditioning factors, GIS

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    Anitha K, Ravi S "An Overview of Landslide Forecasting Using Wireless Sensor Network and Geographical Information System"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Security in Cloud Computing For Service Delivery Models: Challenges and Solutions
    Preeti Barrow, Runni Kumari, Prof. Manjula R
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Cloud computing, undoubtedly, is a path to expand the limits or add powerful capabilities on-demand with almost no investment in new framework, training new staff, or authorizing new software. Though today everyone is talking about cloud but, organizations are still in dilemma whether it's safe to deploy their business on cloud. The reason behind it; is nothing but Security. No cloud service provider provides 100% security assurance to its customers and therefore, businesses are hesitant to accept cloud and the vast benefits that come along with it. The absence of proper security controls delimits the benefits of cloud. In this paper, a review on different cloud service models and a survey of the different security challenges and issues while providing services in cloud is presented .The paper focuses on the security issues specific to service delivery model (SaaS, IaaS and PaaS) of cloud environment. This paper also explores the various security solutions currently being applied to protect cloud from various kinds of intruders.
    Key words:Cloud computing, security, Service delivery models, Security solutions

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    Preeti Barrow, Runni Kumari, Prof. Manjula R "Security in Cloud Computing For Service Delivery Models: Challenges and Solutions"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • An Analysis of the Existing Frameworks in Cloud Computing Adoption and Introduction to RAF
    Isra Masood, Er. Ankur Bhardwaj Er. Sachin Chaudhary
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The coming up of cloud computing in recent years has evolved an interest from different organisations, institutions and users to take advantage of web applications. This is a result of the new economic model for the Information Technology (IT) department that cloud computing promises. The model promises a shift from an organisation required to invest heavily for limited IT resources that are internally managed, to a model where the organisation can buy or rent resources that are managed by a cloud provider, and pay per use. Cloud computing also promises scalability of resources and on-demand availability of resources. Although, the adoption of cloud computing promises various benefits to an organisation, a successful adoption of cloud computing in an organisation requires an understanding of different dynamics and expertise in diverse domains. Currently, there are inadequate guidelines for adopting cloud computing and building trust. This paper aims to evaluating a shortlist of eleven frameworks for Cloud Computing and concludes that none of them addresses all Cloud adoption challenges fully so that a new framework is required. Later we explain our proposal for the framework discusses and topics related to the proposed framework.
    Keywords:...

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    Isra Masood, Er. Ankur Bhardwaj, Er. Sachin Chaudhary"An Analysis of the Existing Frameworks in Cloud Computing Adoption and Introduction to RAF"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Expiry Date of Set Yoghurt under Sudanese Conditions
    Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin, Tagog Mohamed Tahier Gilany
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The objective of this research is to study the stability of set yoghurt during its shelf life in different storage and distribution conditions of temperature and time span. Yoghurt samples were collected starting from factory gates though distribution and storage locations for period of 21 days. Titratable acidity, pH, temperature, wheying off and microbiological characteristics of the set yoghurt samples were investigated using standard method set by Sudanese standard and metrology organization and other internationally recognized methods. The results showed that the pH- values decreased progressively (4.50 – 4.29) and the titratable acidity significantly increased (0.97%– 1.37%) during the specified period of 21 days. There was a significant increase in wheying off of the set yoghurt samples at the end of storage period especially for the off road transported samples and it reaches 5.78ml/400gm which could be attributed mainly to shaking and heat during transportation. The E.coli, yeast and mold recorded no growth in all samples of set yoghurt under the specified storage conditions except in the 21st day in samples collected from small groceries and long distance transported samples. It could be concluded that storage and distribution conditions had significant effects on all set yoghurt properties at the end of their storage period. The study recommended that processing , distribution and storage conditions stipulated by Sudanese standard and metrology organization are to be strictly followed to allow the shelf life to be extended far after the specified period of 10 days recommended by the same organization. It is also recommended to conduct further studies on the issue and to disseminate the culture of preserving food products at their optimal conditions of storage and distribution.
    Keywords:----

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    Kamal Eldin Eltayeb Yassin, Tagog Mohamed Tahier Gilany "Expiry Date of Set Yoghurt under Sudanese Conditions"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-3

  • The Consistent Criteria of Hypotheses for Gaussian Homogeneous Fields Statistical Structures
    Z.Zerakidze, L.Aleksidze, L. Eliauri
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The present theory of consistent criteria for testing hypothesis of statistical structures of homogeneous Gaussian fields can be used, for example, in the reliability prediction of different engineering designs. In the paper there are discussed Gaussian homogeneous fields statistical structures E S i I  i i , ,  ,  in Hilbert space of measures. We define the consistent criteria for checking hypotheses such as the probability of any kind of errors is zero for given criteria. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such criteria.
    Keyword: Consistent criteria, Orthogonal, weakly separable, strongly separable statisticalstructures. Classification cocles62H05, 62H12

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    Z.Zerakidze, L.Aleksidze, L. Eliauri "The Consistent Criteria of Hypotheses for Gaussian Homogeneous Fields Statistical Structures"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Statistical Analysis of Ground Water Quality in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh City, India
    Smita Sood, Priyanka Sharma, Prerna Sharma
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The importance of groundwater for the existence of human society cannot be exaggerated. Groundwater is the major source of water in both rural and urban India. Duringlast decade, it was observed that ground water get polluted drastically and hence, resulted into many water borne diseases which is a cause of many health hazards. In this paper an attempt has been made to test groundwater quality of different villages of Uttar Pradesh, India on the basis of thirteen parameters like pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, total hardness,biological oxygen demand etc. The results obtained were compared with the BIS (IS 10500:1991) Permissible Standards for drinking water. Normal Distribution analysis was applied to describe various characteristics of the samples collected and Correlation Analysiswas done on the samples which measured the strength of association between twowaterparameters.On the basis of results obtained from analytical and statistical analysis, it was revealed that all the water sources chosen for study are not suitable for the utilization of water. Article Impact Statement: Study of the present article has a significant impact as it draws attention towards the careless management of the ground water resources which is an important source for the basic necessity of rural people. The study validates the suitability of quality of ground water quality in the area of study. The study suggests systematic planning and implementation of appropriate technologies for the prevention of contamination of ground water. The study recommends that the Government should contribute in placing the resources at effective and most suitable sites for the implantation of various tube wells etc. so that maximum benefits can be obtained from these ground water resources.
    Key words:Water quality assessment, Bureau of Indian Standard, Normal Distribution Analysis, Karl Pearson coefficient.

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    Smita Sood, Priyanka Sharma, Prerna Sharma "Statistical Analysis of Ground Water Quality in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh City, India"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • The Impact Of human Attitude and Behaviour for Their Environmental Concerns on Necessity, Suitability and Functioning Of Sewerage Treatment Plants in Delhi
    Prerna Sharma , Smita Sood
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Many people have adopted environmental attitudes but their environmentally responsible behaviours have not been reflected in life in the same level. This paper emphasis upon the necessity, sustenanceand functioning of Sewerage Treatment Plants, and also draws attentions towards human attitude, behaviour and their concerns for healthy environment. The attitude and behaviour of the people living near Sewerage Treatment Plants (STP's) situated in Vasant Kunj-I, Timarpur and Okhla,in the vicinity of Delhi city were studied.The significance of the study is to get the perception of human attitude and behaviour defining their responsibilities & concerns towards the environment protection. Results obtained from the questionnaire & Statistical tools relates that there is a direct relationship between human attitude, behaviour and their concerns for environment.Results revealed the order of effectivenessof the STP's as Vasant Kunj-I >Timarpur >Okhla.It is also revealed from the study that at present there is deficit in the current environmental education among the people of Okhla so their belongingness towards environmental care is very less.
    Keywords:Sewerage Treatment Plants (STP's), Attitude, Behaviour, ANOVA Test.

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    Prerna Sharma , Smita Sood "The Impact Of human Attitude and Behaviour for Their Environmental Concerns on Necessity, Suitability and Functioning Of Sewerage Treatment Plants in Delhi"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Smart Remote for the Setup Box Using Gesture Control
    Surepally Uday Kumar, K. Shamini
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The basic purpose of this project is to provide a means to control a set top box (capable of infrared communication), in this case Hathway using hand gestures. Thus, this system will act like a remote control for operating set top box, but this will be achieved through hand gestures instead of pushing buttons. To send and receive remote control signals, this project uses an infrared LED as Transmitter. Using an infrared receiver, an Arduino can detect the bits being sent by a remote control. And to playback a remote control signal, the Arduino can flash an infrared LED at 38 kHz. With this project we can design a gesture controlled remote by using a glove, it can be fixed to the hand, we can send any signal of any length, at any related frequency, and thus we can design a universal remote.
    Keyword: Arduino, Gestures, Infrared LED, Set Top Box, Universal Remote

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    Surepally Uday Kumar, K. Shamini "Smart Remote for the Setup Box Using Gesture Control"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analysis of the Interaction between A Fluid and A Circular Pile Using the Fractional Navier-Stokes Equations
    José Roberto Mercado Escalante, Pedro Antonio Guido Aldana
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The purpose of this research is to study the interaction between a fluid and a circular pile, located downstream from a fan-shaped dam, through the fractional Navier-Stokes equations, and in particular, its approximation to the boundary layer. The flow region is divided into zones according to the vorticity transport theory of turbulence. First, we consider the limit of the spatial occupancy index close to 1. Then, a stream function is introduced, and for the potential zone, we consider a complex potential, using the inverse distances on a circle. In the other limit, when the spatial occupation index approaches 0, we consider the equations of the boundary layer in the limit of fully developed turbulence. Next, for the last approaches, a new stream function and velocities in their radial and polar components are obtained. We also find the asymmetry of the pressure distribution around the pile, based on the viscosity and considering that the pressure drag force and the friction coefficients are proportional to the inverse of the Reynolds number. We conclude that D'Alembert's paradox and Thomson's theorem has been resolved. For applications, in the case of the turbulent wake, we are interested both in the orientation given by the pile symmetry axis and its extension. The criterion that should be satisfied is: the diameter of the pile, on the border of inequality, must be located as proportional average between the length of the turbulent wake and twice the characteristic length associated with the dam, whose aspect ratio, in turn, to the pile diameter, determines the contraction factor.
    Key words:Fractional Navier-Stokes equations, dam, circular pile, D'Alembert's paradox, Thomson's theorem

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    José Roberto Mercado Escalante, Pedro Antonio Guido Aldana "Analysis of the Interaction between A Fluid and A Circular Pile Using the Fractional Navier-Stokes Equations"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Removal of Cu (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Carbon Derived From Olive Waste Cakes
    Hesham G. Ibrahim, Ahmed A. Maraie, Abdualah M. Elhebshi
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "This paper studied the ability of using local activated carbon (LAC) derived from olive waste cakes as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Various operating parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ions concentration, and equilibrium contact time have been studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) increased with the increasing pH, and the optimum solution pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be 5. The adsorption process increases with increasing dose of LAC, also the amount of Cu(II) removed changes with Cu(II) initial concentration and contact time. Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 25 min. for Cu(II) concentration range from 60 to 120 mg/l at 301 oC. Maximum adsorption occurs at Cu(II) initial concentration lesser than 100 mg/l by using adsorbent dosage (1.2 g/l). The equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) were fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of LAC was found to be 106.383 mg/g. So, the results indicated the suitability use of the activated carbon derived from olive waste cakes (LAC) as low cost and natural material for reliable removal of Cu(II) from water and wastewater effluents.
    Keywords:Adsorption, Isotherm, Activated Carbon, Copper, Wastewater Treatment.

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    Hesham G. Ibrahim, Ahmed A. Maraie, Abdualah M. Elhebshi "Removal of Cu (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Carbon Derived From Olive Waste Cakes"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Study Of Coded Based Mechanism In WSN System
    Kaksha S.Thakare, R.D.Patane
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) is an emerging technology and have great potential to be employed in critical situations like battlefields and commercial applications such as building, traffic surveillance, habitat monitoring and smart homes and many more scenarios.One of the major challenges wireless sensor networks face today is QoS. In order to ensure data security and quality of service required by an application in an energy efficient way, we propose a mechanism for QoS routing with coding and selective encryption scheme for WSNs.Our approach provides reliable and secure data transmission and can adapt to the resource constraints of WSNs.
    Keyword: Error Correcting code,Quality of Service,Selective encryption algorithm,Wireless Sensor Network ,etc

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    Kaksha S.Thakare, R.D.Patane "Study Of Coded Based Mechanism In WSN System"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Design, Modeling, Application and Analysis of Bevel Gears
    Engr.Rufus Ogbuka Chime ,Mnse , Mnimeche, ; Engr.Samuel I.Ukwuaba, Fnse Fnimeche, ;Prof.Abdulrahim Abdulbaqi Toyin, Mnse,; Benjamin Ibe Chukwu Phd,Mird,Fiia
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Computer technology has touched all areas of today's life, impacting how we obtain railway tickets, shop online and receive medical advice from remote location. Computer-based design analysis is nowadays a common activity in most development projects. Traditionally, the design field has been identified with particular end products, e.g., mechanical design, electrical design, ship design. In these fields, design work is largely based on specific techniques to foster certain product characteristics and principles The scope of this work includes, to design, to model the bevel gear, to select gear materials , to detailed factor safety in design and to analysis bevel gears. Gears are toothed elements that transmit rotary motion from one shaft to another. Gears are generally rugged and durable and their power transmission efficiency is as high as 98%. Gears are usually more costly than chains and belts. Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone. Two bevel gears in mesh is known as bevel gearing. In bevel gearing, the pitch cone angles of the pinion and gear are to be determined from the shaft angle, i.e., the angle between the intersecting shafts. The bevel gear has many diverse applications such as locomotives, marine applications, automobiles, printing presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel plants, railway track inspection machines, etc.
    Key words:----

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    Engr.Rufus Ogbuka Chime ,Mnse , Mnimeche, ; Engr.Samuel I.Ukwuaba, Fnse Fnimeche, ;Prof.Abdulrahim Abdulbaqi Toyin, Mnse, ; Benjamin Ibe Chukwu Phd,Mird,Fiia "Design, Modeling, Application and Analysis of Bevel Gears"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Real Time Intelligent Driver Fatigue Alarm System Based On Video Sequences
    P.Ratnakar, K.S.N.Raju, M.Satyanarayana
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "In automobiles advanced controllers are equipped to control all the data. In this work a new technology is considered as driver fatigue detection system. Developing intelligent system to prevent car accidents and can be very effective in minimizing accident death toll. One of the factors which play an important role in accidents is the human errors including driving fatigue. Relying on new smart techniques; this system detects the signs of fatigue and sleepiness in the face of the person at the time of driving by capturing the video sequences of the driver. Then, the frames are transformed from YUV space into RBG spaces. It is one of the inexpensive and unobtrusive method where face, eyes are detected and edge detection and histogram normalization are performed on the captured frames using MATLAB as a tool.The face area is separated from other parts with high accuracy in segmentation, low error rate and quick processing of input data distinguishes this system from similar ones.
    Keywords:Eye Detection, Edge Detection, Face Posture, Face Detection, Viola Jones Algorithm

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    P.Ratnakar, K.S.N.Raju, M.Satyanarayana "A Real Time Intelligent Driver Fatigue Alarm System Based On Video Sequences"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Mapping between Discrete Cosine Transform of Type-VI/VII and Discrete Fourier Transform
    M.N.Murty, H.Panda
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    In this paper, the mapping between discrete cosine transform of types VI and VII (DCT-VI/VII) of even length N and (2N – 1)-point one dimensional discrete Fourier transform (1D-DFT) is presented. The technique used in this paper is the mapping between the real-valued data sequence to an intermediate sequence used as an input to DFT..
    Keyword: Discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, discrete sine transform, mapping.

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    M.N.Murty, H.Panda "Mapping between Discrete Cosine Transform of Type-VI/VII and Discrete Fourier Transform"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Password Based Hand Gesture Controlled Robot
    Shanmukha Rao, CH Rajasekhar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Gesture is a most natural way of communication between human and computer in real system. Hand gesture is one of the important methods of non-verbal communications for humans. A simulation tool, MATLAB based colour image processing is used to recognize hand gesture. With the help of wireless communication, it is easier to interact with the robot. The objective of this project is to build a password protected wireless gesture control robot using Arduino, RF transmitter and receiver module. The continuous images are processed and the command signal is sent to the Arduino Uno microcontroller and according to the number of fingers, it sends the commands to the RF transmitter which is received by the transmitter and is processed at the receiver end which drives the motor to a particular direction. The robot moves forward, backward, right and left when we show one, two, three, four fingers (fingers with some red color band or tape) respectively. As soon as the hand is moved off from the frame immediately it will stop. This can be used for physically disabled people who can't use their hands to move the wheel chair. And it can also be used in various military applications where radioactive substances which can't be touched by the human hand.
    Key words:---

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    Shanmukha Rao, CH Rajasekhar "Password Based Hand Gesture Controlled Robot"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Verison-4

  • Effects of Several Purple Potato Additions on Bread Quality
    Bădărău Carmen Liliana, Canja Maria Cristina, Damșa Florentina, Mărgean Alina
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Potato cultivars with purple flesh represent an efficient and natural source of antioxidants, this vegetable having high content in polyphenols (especially anthocyanin pigments). The research goal of this work was to evaluate the anthocyanin and polyphenols content of several Romanian potato varieties (Albastru-Violet de Gălănești and Christian) and the effects of these potatoes (add to dough in different proportions) on several bread quality indicators. The bread quality depends on physical and chemical properties and on several signs like: flavor and taste, external appearance, crumb porosity and texture, bread's volume. In this research experiment, beside the total polyphenols and anthocyanin content, the analysis performed on bread (prepared using different potatoes addition 5%, 15% and 30%) were sensorial and physic chemical analysis (product volume, crumb porosity, height/diameter ratio, moist and acidity). Experimental results indicated that 15% purple potato cultivar added on the dough was the most indicate proportion to be used in bread processing.
    Keyword: anthocyanin, bread, polyphenols, purple potato.

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    Bădărău Carmen Liliana, Canja Maria Cristina, Damșa Florentina, Mărgean Alina"Effects of Several Purple Potato Additions on Bread Quality"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Study on Effective Use of Rice Husk Ashes in Geotechnical Applications
    Vamsi Nagaraju.T, Satyanarayana.P.V.V,Revanth Kumar.P,Anantha Rao.S
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    RHA is an agricultural industrial waste which is nearly 100 million tons, requires huge quantities of land for its disposal. To utilize these huge quantities in several civil engineering applications, physical and engineering properties has been identified to study the quality of RHA. In this connection Gradation, Seepage, compaction, strength and chemical composition tests were conducted. Test results shows there are non-plastic, porous, elongated light weight materials and dominated by siliceous materials. These have low dry densities at high moisture contents achieved high values of shear strength (φ> 36o) and CBR (>7) can be use as Embankment, structural fill and sub grade material. Pozzolanic nature of Rice Husk Ashes helps to achieve high strengths with chemical addictives exposed to curing.
    Key words:Compaction, CBR, Rice Husk Ash, SEM

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    Vamsi Nagaraju.T*, Satyanarayana.P.V.V,Revanth Kumar.P,Anantha Rao.S "A Study on Effective Use of Rice Husk Ashes in Geotechnical Applications"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Protons Relaxation and Temperature Dependence Due To Tunneling Methyl Group
    Yousifabidal-SHAABANI
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Tunneling frequency and temperature dependence of proton spin lattice relaxation time T1, are depend upon the height and the shape of the hindering barrier of methyl rotation and carry information on the group is molecular environment are reported for some samples containing tertiary-butyl group.The temperature rang was 4-300k.Data has been analyzed to provide estimates for the magnitude of the three fold potential barrier to reorientation of all methyl groups in these materials. At low temperature the motion of the tertiary-butyl protons can usually be neglected. All protons of the samples relax as a single system.In one or two cases tunneling is observed for the first time in Tert-butyl. The T1 results are used to evaluate tunnel frequency in other cases. The result suggest the importance of collective motion of methyl group in tert-butyl.
    Keywords:-----

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    Yousifabidal-SHAABANI"Protons Relaxation and Temperature Dependence Due To Tunneling Methyl Group"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Influence of Variable Water-Soluble Soy Extract and Inulin Contents on the Rheological, Technological and Sensory Properties of Grape-Flavored Yogurt-Like Beverages Made From Caprine Milk
    José Evangelista Santos Ribeiro, Amanda Marília Da Silva Sant'Ana, João Ricardo Trajano Sousa, Rita De Cássia Ramos Do Egypto Queiroga, Flávio Luiz Honorato Da Silva, Carlos Antonio Cabral Dos Santos,Ânoar Abbas El-Aouar, Edvaldo Mesquita Beltrão Filho
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The present study aimed to evaluate the influences of the partial substitution of caprine milk for water-soluble soy extract (WSSE) and the addition of inulin on the rheological, technological and sensory properties of grape-flavored yogurt-like beverages. For this purpose, a Central Composite Design (CCD) in conjunction with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. WSSE and inulin influenced the overall acceptability of the product, whereas syneresis, water holding capacity and rheological properties (the consistency index and the flow behavior index) were influenced only by the WSSE content. RSM was shown to be an adequate statistical tool that can be used for the development of formulations with specified properties in the range of the ingredient concentrations studied.
    Keyword: Response surface methodology ‧ Overall acceptability ‧ Flow behavior ‧ Rheological modeling ‧ Dairy products

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    José Evangelista Santos Ribeiro, Amanda Marília Da Silva Sant'Ana, João Ricardo Trajano Sousa, Rita De Cássia Ramos Do Egypto Queiroga, Flávio Luiz Honorato Da Silva, Carlos Antonio Cabral Dos Santos5,Ânoar Abbas El-Aouar, Edvaldo Mesquita Beltrão Filho "Influence of Variable Water-Soluble Soy Extract and Inulin Contents on the Rheological, Technological and Sensory Properties of Grape-Flavored Yogurt-Like Beverages Made From Caprine Milk"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Energy Saving and Water Cooling Facility in an Industry Using Prgrammable Logic Controller
    Sudhananda Paul, Satya Ranjan Bishoi , Swagat Kumar Sahu, Smruti Ranjan Pradhan
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This project gives the idea about how to reduce the power loss in an industry, which are being wasted by the fans and pumps in operating condition as well as to get water as per the necessity by an industry with proper quality. This can be done by proper switching and speed control of motors used in fans and pumps. As the power consumed is directly proportional to the cube of speed so by reducing the speed energy can be saved. An attempt is also made to connect the power factor improving capacitor for energy saving. By using this concept the industry can save huge amount of energy and can be able to reduce the electricity bill.
    Key words:PLC , Algorithm , speed control of motor, power factor improving capacitor ,KVAR

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    Sudhananda Paul, Satya Ranjan Bishoi , Swagat Kumar Sahu, Smruti Ranjan Pradhan "Energy Saving and Water Cooling Facility in an Industry Using Prgrammable Logic Controller"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Room Transfer Function Estimation and Room Equalization in Noise Environments
    Deokgyu Yun, Min-Jeong Kim, Taeuk Kim, Siyeon Nam, Se Rin Hong, Seung Ho Choi
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Speech quality in listening situation is degraded by indoor room reverberation. Room equalization can be used to increase the speech quality by applying the inverse transfer function to the input speech signals. In noise environments, however, it is hard to exactly measure the room transfer function. In this work, we developed the techniques to measure the room transfer function in indoor noise environments and to enhance the speech quality by room equalization. From the experimental results, we showed that the proposed techniques can be successfully used in indoor noise environments.
    Keywords:room transfer function, room equalization, reverberation, noise environments.

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    Deokgyu Yun*, Min-Jeong Kim, Taeuk Kim, Siyeon Nam, Se Rin Hong, Seung Ho Choi "Room Transfer Function Estimation and Room Equalization in Noise Environments"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Investigations in Effective Viscosity of Fluid in a Porous Medium
    W.S. Almalki, M.H. Hamdan
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    In this work we address the quantification of Brinkman's effective viscosity, which arises due to the presence of the porous medium and its effect on increasing or decreasing the fluid viscosity in relation to the base fluid viscosity. This work is motivated in the main part by the lack of consensus in the available literature on the ranges of effective viscosity. To this end, this work provides a model of quantifying the effective viscosity by incorporating the porous microstructure in the volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Extensive analysis and testing are provided in the current work which considers five different porous microstructures, and the effective viscosity is quantified in each case under Poiseuille flow.
    Keyword: Effective Viscosity, Brinkman Equation

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    W.S. Almalki, M.H. Hamdan "Investigations in Effective Viscosity of Fluid in a Porous Medium"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Improving the Reliability of Synthetic S-Wave Extraction Using Biot-Gassman Fluid Substitution
    Sudarmaji, Sismanto, Waluyo, Bambang Soedijono
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Usage of Castagna's relation by mean the P-wave log directly in estimation of the S-wave log gives a large error to the original S-wave log so that the result is not reliable for further analysis. This paper offers new method for S-wave log estimation based Castagna's relation which is combined with fluid replacement modeling method based on Biot-Gassman substitution and the use of petro physical data as input. The S-wave log result of the offered estimation method has a small error to the original S-wave log so that more reliable and accurate for further analysis. The offered method could be used for S-wave log estimation in various litology such as sand, limestone, dolomite and shale. The S-wave log result of the offered estimation method has successfully used for cross plot analysis of Vp/Vs ratio as function of acoustic impedance and Gamma Ray for delineation of sandstone bearing hydrocarbon from two different field.
    Key words:Biot-Gassman substitution, S-wave log, P-wave log, Vp/Vs ratio

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    Sudarmaji, Sismanto, Waluyo, Bambang Soedijono "Improving the Reliability of Synthetic S-Wave Extraction Using Biot-Gassman Fluid Substitution"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System for Developing Countries
    Dr. Nabukeera Madinah
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many developing countries. Nairobi's solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization, auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management, was also researched using the different databases. Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics. After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling, composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design, location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be encouraged.
    Keywords:----

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    Dr. Nabukeera Madinah "Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System for Developing Countries"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Preparation Effect of Mould Systems on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spheroidised Graphite Iron
    Ashish Kumar Gupta, Dibakor Boruah, Nikhil Suresh, Nazish Kamal, Anil Kumar Singh
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This study is based on evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Brinell hardness and Charpy impact test of as-cast spheroidal graphite iron using sandwich techniques in different mould systems viz. green sand mould, dry sand mould and CO2 sand mouldundervarying cooling rates.
    Keyword: Spheroidised graphite iron, mould, green sand, dry sand, CO2 sand, microstructure, mechanical properties, sandwich technique, cooling rate.

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    Ashish Kumar Gupta, Dibakor Boruah, Nikhil Suresh, Nazish Kamal, Anil Kumar Singh "Preparation Effect of Mould Systems on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spheroidised Graphite Iron"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Broadband Slotted Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna For WI-Max Applications
    Chandan Kumar Dubey, Sumit Tahlani, Paresh Singh Rajoriya
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut four slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.42 GHz and 5.70 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the Wi-Max applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 10.45 %. This is approximately two times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 5.34%) having the same dimensions..
    Key words:Broadband, FR4 substrate, Parallel slots, Gain, Resonant frequency

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    Chandan Kumar Dubey, Sumit Tahlani, Paresh Singh Rajoriya "Broadband Slotted Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna For WI-Max Applications"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Dynamic Response of Rcc and Composite Structure with Brb Frame Subjected To Seismic and Temperature Load
    Syeda Qurratul Aien Najia, Hashim Mohiuddin,Sumaiya Fatima
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Concrete structures impart more seismic weight and less deflection whereas Steel structures instruct more deflections and ductility to the structure, which is beneficial in resisting earthquake forces. Composite Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete. Buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are primarily used as seismic-force resisting systems for buildings in seismically-active regions.The objective of the present work is to compare a twenty storied RCC and composite framed structure with BRB frame subjected to Seismic and different Temperatureloadings using Non-Linear Time History Analysis. Three dimensional modeling and analysis of the structure is carried out with the help of SAP-2000 v16 software. It is observed that the storey displacements were decreased by 36% for twenty storey RCC building and for composite buildings it was decreased by 45% for twenty storeys suggesting the effectiveness of Buckling restrained brace frame. The overall results suggested that BRB were excellent seismic control device for composite building as the roof displacement is reduced by 40% but whereas for RCC it is reduced only by 25%. For Seismic prone areas composite building with BRB frame is more effective. Under Temperature loading RCC building is more effective than composite structure.
    Keywords:RCC Structure, Concrete Structure, BRB Frame, Seismic and Temperature load, SAP.

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    Syeda Qurratul Aien Najia, Hashim Mohiuddin,Sumaiya Fatima "Dynamic Response of Rcc and Composite Structure with Brb Frame Subjected To Seismic and Temperature Load"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Antibacterial Resistance in the Muscles of Chicken, Pig and Beef
    Pravin Raj Solomon, Wong Sai Ming
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Though antibiotic drugs are known to improve the health and welfare of food animals , there is parallel risk due to the development of resistant microorganisms in the body of target animals. Seven meat samples were procured from wet market in Old Town,Petaling Jaya, Malaysia and assessed for the presence of antibiotic residues. The samples chosen were chicken parts (skin, muscle and liver) , pig parts (liver, muscle and intestine) and beef muscle. The results indicated that chicken skin had high level of antibioticresidues which positively resisted the presence of gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidisand B. cereus as known by the zone of inhibition.The beef muscle also held residue which resisted S. aureusChosenbacteriaalong with the extracts of chicken skin, pig intestine and beef muscle were observed to be resistant totetracycline hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate and their combinations when tested at a concentration of 1 percent.
    Keyword: antibiotic drugs, animal feeds, antibiotic residues, meat products

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    Pravin Raj Solomon, Wong Sai Ming "Antibacterial Resistance in the Muscles of Chicken, Pig and Beef"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • SVM Based Identification of Psychological Personality Using Handwritten Text
    Syeda Asra, Dr.Shubhangi
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Identification of Personality is a complex process. To ease this process, a model is developed using cursive handwriting. Area based, width based and height based thresholds are set for only character selection, word selection and line selection. The rest is considered as noise. Followed by feature vector construction. Slope feature using slope calculation, shape features and edge detection done using Sobel filter and direction histogram is considered. Based on the direction of handwriting the analysis was done. Writing which rises to the right shows optimism and cheerfulness. Sagging to the right shows physical or mental weariness. The lines which are straight, reveals over-control to compensate for an inner fear of loss of control.The analysis was done using single line and multiple lines. Simple techniques have provided good results. The results using single line were 95% and multiple lines were 91%.The classification is done using SVM classifier.
    Key words:Support Vector Machine (SVM), Personality, Human Behavior.

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    Syeda Asra, Dr.Shubhangi "SVM Based Identification of Psychological Personality Using Handwritten Text"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Implementing an Android Tool for Visually Impaired Students of E-Learning
    Alana Da Silva Luna, Pedro Igor Barroso Jatoba, Thiago Viana, Felipe Pacheco
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "This article aims to describe the process of learning and development of an educational tool designed for mobile devices (smartphones) with Android technology. In summary, the application was developed based on the virtual learning environment Moodle and aims to develop a learning environment that supports the visually impaired students of e-learning, allowing them to ask questions, discuss and share ideas through forums and use chat rooms in real time. The fundamental purpose of this application is to cooperate with scientific knowledge in the sense that this is a representation of technological advance on the accessibility tools in distance education mode and provide comfort, flexibility and accessibility for the visually impaired students, realizing that education should always be inclusive.
    Keywords:Accessibility, Assistive Technology, Educational Activities, E-learning, Interactive Tool, Mobile Devices.

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    Alana Da Silva Luna, Pedro Igor Barroso Jatoba, Thiago Viana, Felipe Pacheco "Implementing an Android Tool for Visually Impaired Students of E-Learning"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Database Security Two Way Authentication Using Graphical Password
    Kamlesh Gupta, Arshad Malik, Shamal Pawar , Jijnasa Patil
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    As data represent a key asset for today's organizations. The problem is that how to protect this data from attackers, theft and misuse is at the forefront of any organization's mind. Even though today several data security techniques are available to protect database and computing infrastructure, many such as network security and firewalls tools are unable to prevent attacks from insider. Insider is a person working in organization who can try to access the sensitive data. This paper proposes a two-way authentication method which fuses knowledge-based secret and personal trait information.
    Keyword: -----

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    Kamlesh Gupta, Arshad Malik, Shamal Pawar , Jijnasa Patil "Database Security Two Way Authentication Using Graphical Password"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Comparative Study of Software Requirement, Elicitation, Prioritization and Decision Making
    Pradeep Kumar. G , Sandhiya .R , Prof. Manjula. R
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The failure of many software systems are mainly due to the lack of the requirement engineering. Where software requirement play a very vital role in the field of software engineering. The main task of the requirement engineering are eliciting the requirements from the customer and to prioritize those requirements to make decisions in the software design. Prioritization of the software requirement is very much useful in giving priority within the set of requirements. Requirement prioritization is very much important when there are strict constraints on schedule and the resources, then the software engineer must take some decisions on neglecting or to give prioritization to some of the requirements that are to be added to the project which makes it successful. This paper is the frame work of comparison of various techniques and to propose a most competent method among them.
    Keyword: software requirement prioritization, dynamic, prioritization, stakeholders, AHP, Hundred-dollar test, Ranking, Numerical assignment.

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    Pradeep Kumar. G , Sandhiya .R , Prof. Manjula. R"A Comparative Study of Software Requirement, Elicitation, Prioritization and Decision Making"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • ASCII Value Based Encryption System (AVB)
    A.Vijayan, T.Gobinath,M.Saravanakarthikeyan
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Encryption and decryption are considered to be the guard for data in this technological world. To provide some kind of security, this paper proposes a new algorithm called AVB algorithm which is used to enhance the security of the data. This algorithm mainly focuses on ASCII value of data. ASCII value of the character is encrypted using normal mathematical calculation for number of time on a particular character and converted to numerical value. Then the cipher text is decrypted to get the original plain text. This algorithm is efficient in two ways it difficult for the intruders to predict the data as each character follows different form of encryption based on the key. And also it is simple, fast, and cost efficient while compared to ASCII value based text encryption system by Udepal Singh and Upasna Garg
    Key words:----

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    A.Vijayan, T.Gobinath,M.Saravanakarthikeyan "ASCII Value Based Encryption System (AVB)"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Sediment Yield Studies For Selected Catchments in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh
    J. Rangaiah, Dr. P. Udaya Bhaskar, Dr. V. Mallikarjuna
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Sediment yield studies determine the amount of sediment that leaves a basin for an event or over a period of time. The sediment yield provides the necessary input to determine sedimentation impacts on a reservoir. Each reservoir project requires a sediment yield analysis to determine the storage depletion resulting from the deposition of sediment during the life of the project. The main object of the present study is to identify the particular suitable theoretical method to predict the sediment rate for selected catchments by comparing with the hydrographic survey results.Literature review has enabled the identification of three methods for determining the rate of sediment yield. These methods are (a) Grade's method (b) Khosla's method (c) Joglekar'smethod.Rate of sediment yield obtained from Khosla's method is close to the rate computed form the hydrographic survey data for Thandava and KonamReservoirs. For the reservoir on Raiwada Reservoir, Joglekar's method is found to give sediment rate closer to the value arrived from hydrographic survey data.
    Keywords:Sediment yield, Khosla's method, Grade's method, Joglekar's method.

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    J. Rangaiah, Dr. P. Udaya Bhaskar, Dr. V. Mallikarjuna"Sediment Yield Studies For Selected Catchments in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Comparison of PWM Techniques and Selective Harmonic Elimination for 3-Level Inverter
    Ms. Surabhi Patil, Mrs. Sarika D Patil, Prof. Prashant Debre
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    In this paper comparision of Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) method with different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique which are used as gate pulse for firing the IGBT‟s. Higher order harmonics are easily eliminated by selecting a proper tuned value filters but lower order harmonics such as 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th are not easily eliminated. This paper includes Newton- Rapson method with random initial guess is used for SHE reduction and shows where the solution can exit by solving transcendental non linear equations. With the use of this method lower order harmonics as well as Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) will get reduce. In this paper a cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter using MATLAB/Simulink blocks is presented.
    Keyword: Flexible AC Transmission System, Multilevel Inverter, Power Electronics, Selective Harmonic Elimination, SPWM-Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

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    Ms. Surabhi Patil, Mrs. Sarika D Patil, Prof. Prashant Debre "Comparison of PWM Techniques and Selective Harmonic Elimination for 3-Level Inverter"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Numerical Analysis on Aerodynamic Behavior of a Hemispherical Structure under Different Wind Loading
    R. Verma, V. K. Patel , A. Pal
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Light weight and adaptability in structures have attracted researchers towards the development of inflatable structures. These light weighted inflatable structures are used as emergency shelters, as a decoy and also as a permanent building. Earlier reports shows many cases in which these light weight structure have collapsed due to adverse wind conditions. This damage caused to these structures may be attributed to its poor wind resistance design conditions. Also, due to the uncertainties, there is limited and very few information representing the aerodynamic behaviour of the wind over hemispherical dome structures. An attempt is herewith made to find out the aerodynamic behaviour of the wind passing through a hemispherical shaped structure. CFD software FLUENT has been used to perform the analysis of a dome model in Indian wind conditions. Before study, the CFD code has been validated against experimental data available in literature. It is found that the realizable k-ε turbulent model shows good agreement with experimental data. The value of drag coefficient (Cd) has been calculated by using frontal area of the structure and it is found out to be 0.32. The results with different wind conditions obtained by CFD shows that the increase in turbulent intensity in the flow field highly influences the drag force and it increase approximately 14% for a highly turbulent wind condition.
    Key words:CFD, Inflatable structure, Aerodynamics, Drag, Turbulent intensity

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    R. Verma, V. K. Patel , A. Pal "Numerical Analysis on Aerodynamic Behavior of a Hemispherical Structure under Different Wind Loading"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • A Case Study on Energy Management Using Solar Power Analysis and Simulation Approach of Student Hostel in Giet Gunupur.
    Dibya Ranjan Rath , Bulbul Singh, Kavitakumari , Smruti Ranjan Pradhan
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The operation of renewable energy source is becoming very compulsory due to restricted reserves of fossil fuels and across-the-board environmental concerns for the production of electric power generation and utilization. For the production of electrical energy by using solar power can be more economical. The fast draw down of conventional sources is forcing to use renewable energy sources as substitute to meet the load power demand of any building, which is completely dangling on grids which are dependent on conventional sources for electricity generation and utilization. So, there is a need to degrade this dependency of loads on grids. For this we need to incorporate the grid technologies to reduce the energy cost of building and thereby reduce consumption of conventional sources. In this paper, analysis is done on combining the PV technology with grid technology for MM-2 LADIES HOSTEL BUILDING of GIET Gunupur, We have taken HOMER simulation software to find how much reduction of cost of energy consumption is possible by this combination. This study can help us to find ways for enhancing the life of conventional fuels in existence and know the reduction of greenhouse emissions. Renewable energy is energy that is induced from natural processes that are continuously replenished. Such examples are sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides and various forms of biomass. This energy is constantly renewed and cannot be exhausted.When we think of fuel what comes to our mind ? we might think of firewood, gasoline for our car, or maybe food, which is fuel for our body which may provide heat for our home. The bull‟s eye is that fuel is an absolutely essential part of everyone's daily life. Deep within our Earth, there are ready-made of fuel that our world has become totally dependent on. They are called fossil fuels.Fossil fuels are the hot-button subject, they simultaneusly power and diminish our planet. As the global population continues to rise and as our efforts to "go-green" continue to fall short of expectation,the disadvantages fossil fuels are becoming even more stark and serious. Alternative energy is a term used for an energy source that is an alternative to using fossil fuels. Generally, it indicates energies that are non-traditional and have low environmental impact. The term alternative is used to contrast with fossil fuels according to some sources. By most definitions alternative energy doesn't harm the environment, a distinction which separates it from renewable energy which may or may not have significant environmental impact.
    Keywords:Cost analysis, emission analysis, renewable energy, HOMER SOFTWARE simulation, weather condition, PV array.

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    Dibya Ranjan Rath , Bulbul Singh, Kavitakumari , Smruti Ranjan Pradhan "A Case Study on Energy Management Using Solar Power Analysis and Simulation Approach of Student Hostel in Giet Gunupur."Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Experimentation and Optimization of Surface Roughness in WEDM Process Using Full Factorial Design Integrated PCA Approach
    Rismaya Kumar Mishra, Sibruta Nag, Saurabh Ketan Behera, Shiba Narayan Sahu
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Application of WEDM is growing rapidly since the last three decades due its several advantages and applicability of the process to produce complicated intrinsic, extrinsic shapes of miniaturized size, so there is a need to analyze and optimize the process. In this research work the experiments were conducted using the general full factorial design methodology with 48 experimental runs. The values response parameters Ra, Rq and Rz were measured and the effect of process parameters wire type, wire tension, power, pulse on time and discharge current on these responses were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using main effect plots, interaction plots and ANOVA. Finally the optimal process parameter setting for responses were found by using full factorial design integrated PCA Approach.
    Keyword: Surface Roughness, ANOVA, Full factorial design, PCA, Multi Performance Index

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    Rismaya Kumar Mishra, Sibruta Nag, Saurabh Ketan Behera, Shiba Narayan Sahu "Experimentation and Optimization of Surface Roughness in WEDM Process Using Full Factorial Design Integrated PCA Approach"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Graphically Selecting Optical Material for Color Correction and Passive Athermalization
    Raghad Ismail Ibrahim
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This paper presents pair optical glass by using a graphical method for selecting achromatize and athermalize an imaging lens. An athermal glass map that plots thermal glass constant versus inverse Abbe number is derived through analysis of optical glasses in visible light. By introducing the equivalent Abbe number and equivalent thermal glass constant, although it is a multi-lens system, we have a simple way to visually identify possible optical materials. ZEMAX will be used to determine the change in focus through the expected temperature changes in Earth orbit. The thermal defocuses over -20°C to +60°C are reduced to be much less than the depth of focus of the system.
    Key words:Athermal glass, ZEMAX, graphical method for selecting, athermalize lens.

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    Raghad Ismail Ibrahim "Graphically Selecting Optical Material for Color Correction and Passive Athermalization"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analytic Solutions to the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman Equation with Variable Permeability
    S.O. Alharbi, T.L. Alderson, M.H. Hamdan
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Three exact solutions to the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman equation with variable permeability are obtained in this work. Solutions are obtained for a given vorticity distribution, taken as a function of the streamfunction. Classification of the flow field is provided and comparison is made with the solutions obtained when permeability is constant. Interdependence of Reynolds number and variable permeability is emphasized.
    Key words:Darcy-Laprood-Brinkman equation, Variable permeability, Exact solutions

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    S.O. Alharbi, T.L. Alderson, M.H. Hamdan "Analytic Solutions to the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman Equation with Variable Permeability"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Development of Aluminum in Architecture
    Prof. Phd. Vangjel Dunovski Damjan Balkoski
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Generally speaking, the task of the architecture is to create suitable atmosphere for performing a certain function of the human being. Though today, the interior and exterior space are shaped with equal responsibility and seriousness, the interior ambient is the one in which man spends most of his time. A building as a closed space provides protection from outside climate and weather changes and provides necessary conditions for work and living no matter the outside weather and climate conditions, sounds and noises. The outside walls with the windows are the vital shell under whose protection many useful human activities take place. The evolution of the window is as old as the architecture itself. Since the beginnings of architecture, man has been working on developing the window. One of the features of that evolution of the window is a relation of the surface of the hole of the window towards the outside walls. The advancing of the technology had its influence over the range of capacity of the construction which on the other hand had its influence over the enlarging the window's dimensions. From this we conclude that windows and window openings were and still are important instrument of expressing in the architecture. Besides providing daylight and air in the rooms, the windows also are a visual contact with the nature and underline the role of the building as a human being habitat like no other element of the building
    Keyword: architecture, aluminum, climate conditions, function, windows

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    Prof. Phd. Vangjel Dunovski, Damjan Balkoski "Development of Aluminum in Architecture"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Molten Metal Pouring System in Casting Industries.
    D. Kanakaraja, K. Vishnu Vardan Reddy, S. Vinod, K. Siva Venkata Sai, A. Rama Krishna
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    In India there are many foundry have followed conventional and manual operations. Today's competitive environment has lower manufacturing cost, more productivity in less time, high quality product, defect free operation are required to follow to every foundry man. Mould shifting, Crushing, Lower Surface finish, Shrinkage, Porosity, Cold shut and Extra material are common casting defects due to these manual operations. These defects directly affect on productivity, profitability and quality level of organization. In the current global competitive environment there is a need for the casting units and foundries to develop the components in short lead time. Defect free castings with minimum production cost have become the need of foundry. In any casting industry the leading problem taking place is Mould shifting from electrical furnace to the die casting. In the present work an attempt was made to fabricate the pneumatic system for pouring the molten metal in to the cavity semi automatically. The system was tested for carrying the metal which reduces the manual work for mould shifting from electrical furnace to die casting and the results are compared with manual working which improves the quality, productivity and defect free product.
    Key words:Casting Industry- Molten metal pouring- Pneumatic System- Productivity.

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    D. Kanakaraja, K. Vishnu Vardan Reddy, S. Vinod, K. Siva Venkata Sai, A. Rama Krishna "Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Molten Metal Pouring System in Casting Industries"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Seismic Vulnerability and Mitigation on Non-Engineered Traditional Buildings of Bhutan
    Chimi, Tshering Cheki
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Earthquake is one of the most deadly phenomena which disturb the harmonious living among human beings and claimed large number of lives without any notice and warning. However one should always be ready to learn, how to live with seismic hazard and minimize its adverse effect on built environment, as its happening can't be prevented. The 6.1magnitute Earthquake of 21st September, 2009 caused huge damage in the eastern part of Bhutan and adjoining areas like Indian states and Bangladesh. This incident has now exposed to the seismic vulnerability and raised concerns over the safety of the built environment in Bhutan – particularly, the traditional stone and timber houses, some of which were badly affected during the earthquake. This paper presents an overview of damages observed in the region and its causes and performances of building during earthquake. It also describes, the seismic performance of those structures can be improved from life safety point of view, by adopting simple low-cost modifications to the existing construction practices and material selection with alternative solutions to make building earthquake resistant.
    Key words:Earthquake, Building Structures, Stone masonry, Seismic design, Eastern Bhutan

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    Chimi, Tshering Cheki "Seismic Vulnerability and Mitigation on Non-Engineered Traditional Buildings of Bhutan"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Extending Aural and Music Interfaces to Mobile Device Interaction Design Architectures
    Dionysios Politis, Georgios Kyriafinis, Miltiadis Tsalighopoulos
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "This chapter analyzes the unique problems posed by the use of computers by producers and performers of music as far as Human Computer Interaction (HCI) principles, methodologies and directives are concerned. In specific it focuses on interfaces that are built on mobile devices or similar medical equipment. HCI predicates involved in the workflow of aural interaction with computer devices are presented, starting from the abstract part of neurotologic interaction, then coping with usability issues of the Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) implemented for musical scripting and concluding to a synthesis stage which produces digitized sounds that improve or supersede prototypal analog audio signals. The evaluation of HCI elements for Computer Music under the prism of usability, including hearing or ophthalmic aids, aims at the development of new communication tools, new symbolic languages and finally better mobile user interfaces.
    Keywords:Aural Communication, Computer Interfaces,Music Perception

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    Dionysios Politis, Georgios Kyriafinis, Miltiadis Tsalighopoulos "Extending Aural and Music Interfaces To Mobile Device Interaction Design Architectures."Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analysis and Capacity Based Earthquake Resistance Design of Multy Bay Multy Storeyed Residential Building
    Bhave Priyanka, Banarase Mayur
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Many reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures located in zones of high seismicity in India are constructed without considering the seismic code provisions. The vulnerability of inadequately designed structures represents seismic risk to occupants. The main cause of failure of multi-storey reinforced concrete frames during seismic motion is the sway mechanism. If the frame is designed on the basis of strong column-weak beam concept the possibilities of collapse due to sway mechanisms can be completely eliminated. In multi storey frame this can be achieved by allowing the plastic hinges to form, in a predetermined sequence only at the ends of all the beams while the columns remain essentially in elastic stage and by avoiding shear mode of failures in columns and beams. This procedure for design is known as Capacity based design which would be the future design philosophy for earthquake resistant design of multi storey reinforced concrete frames. Model of multi bay multi storied residential building study were done using the software program ETAB2015 and were analyzed using non-linear static pushover analysis.
    Keyword: Hinge properties, Non linear static analysis, Pushover analysis, and Capacity based design of RC frame

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    Bhave Priyanka, Banarase Mayur "Analysis and Capacity Based Earthquake Resistance Design of Multy Bay Multy Storeyed Residential Building"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-6

  • An Improved Method for Preventing Data Leakage in an Organization
    Neetu Bose, Dr. N. Vishwanath
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Data is one of the most important assets an organisation has since it denes each organisations unique- ness.It includes data on members and prospects, their inter- ests and purchases, your events, speakers, your content, social media, press, your staff, budget, strategic plan, and much more. As organizations open their doors to employees, part- ners, customers and suppliers to provide deeper access to sensitive information, the risk sassociated with business increase. Now, more than ever, within creasing threats of cyber terrorism, cor- porate governance issues, fraud, and identity theft, the need for securing corporate information has become paramount. Informa- tion theft is not just about external hackers and unauthorized external users stealing your data, it is also about managing internal employees and even contractors who may be working within your organization for short periods of time. Adding to the challenge of securing information is the increasing push for corporate governance and adherence to legislative or regulatory requirements. Failure to comply and provide privacy, audit and internal controls could result in penalties ranging from large nes to jail terms. Non-compliance can result in not only potential implications for executives, but also possible threats to the viability of a corporation. Insiders too represent a sign cant risk to data security. The task of detecting malicious insiders is very challenging as the methods of deception become more and more sophisticated. There are various solutions present to avoid data leakage. Data leakage detection, prevention (DLPM) and monitoring solutions became an inherent component of the organizations security suite.DLP solutions monitors sensitive data when at rest, in motion, or in use and enforce the organizational data protection policy.These solutions focus mainly on the data and its sensitivity level, and on preventing it from reaching an unauthorized person. They ignore the fact that an insider is gradually exposed to more and more sensitive data,to which she is authorized to access. Such data may cause great damage to the organization when leaked or misused. Data can be leaked via emails, instant messaging, le transfer etc. This research is focusing on email data leakage monitoring, detection and prevention. It is proposed to be carried out in two phases: leakage detection through mining and prevention through encryption of email content..
    Keyword: Data misuse, Insider threat, Text analysis, Security measures, Misuseability

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    Neetu Bose, Dr. N. Vishwanath"An Improved Method for Preventing Data Leakage in an Organization"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Carbon Nanotubes On Unsteady MHD Non-Darcy Flow Over A Porous Wedge In The Presence Of Thermal Radiation Energy
    R. Kandasamy, Radiah Mohammad , I. Muhaimin
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Thermal radiation energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies. The objective of the present work is to investigate theoretically the effect of copper nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in the presence of base fluid (water) with variable stream condition due to thermal radiation energy. Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of base fluid flow over a porous wedge plays a significant role compared to that of copper nanoparticles on absorbs the incident solar radiation and transmits it to the working fluid by convection
    Key words:Carbon nanotubes; Copper nanoparticles; Magnetic field; Thermal radiation energy

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    R. Kandasamy, Radiah Mohammad , I. Muhaimin "Carbon Nanotubes On Unsteady MHD Non-Darcy Flow Over A Porous Wedge In The Presence Of Thermal Radiation Energy"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Hy-Tech Cleaning technology for Solid Waste Management by Using Micro-Controller Device.
    Prasad D Nalamwar, Ms.B.M.Mamilwar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Solid waste management nowadays is an important environmental issue in country like India. Statistics show that there has been substantial increase in the solid waste generation especially in the urban areas. The impact assessment environment management tool makes a relationship between two factors- the amount of land required to dispose per capita generated waste. To give a brief description of the project , the sensors are placed in the common garbage bins placed at the public places. When the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then that indication will\ be given to ARM 7 Controller. The controller will give indication to the driver of garbage collection truck as to\ which garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention. ARM 7 will give indication by sending SMS sing GSM technology.
    Keywords:Microcontroller, GSM/GPRS, IR sensor.

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    Prasad D Nalamwar, Ms.B.M.Mamilwar"Hy-Tech Cleaning technology for Solid Waste Management by Using Micro-Controller Device"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Self - Healing Concrete Using Industrial Waste Steel Scrap and Polyethylene Fiber
    Siva Kumar.T, Sasikumar.A, Santhosh Raja.V
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Cracks in concrete are the main reason for a decreased service life of concrete structures. It is therefore more advisable and economical to restrict the development of early age small cracks the moment they appear, than to repair them after they have developed to large cracks. A promising way is to pre-add healing agents (Methyl methacrylate) to the concrete to heal early age cracks when they appear, i.e. the so-called self-healing approach. By this approach, Methyl methacrylate was used as self – healing agent and its self-healing capability was confirmed by UPV test. In that self – healing concrete, Industrial Waste Steel Scrap and Polyethylene fiber were added to evaluate its mechanical properties. The experimental results shown that the self – healing concrete can yield high compressive strength when Polyethylene fiber was added and also yield high tensile strength by adding Industrial waste steel scrap. Also, it is found to be economical by adding steel scrap in self – healing concrete instead of steel fiber.
    Keyword: ----

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    Siva Kumar.T, Sasikumar.A, Santhosh Raja.V"Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Self - Healing Concrete Using Industrial Waste Steel Scrap and Polyethylene Fiber"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analytical and Experimental Studieson Fracture Behaviour of Foundry Sand Concrete
    Sasikumar.A, Siva Kumar.T, Santhoshraja.V.
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Concrete is a widely used as vital material in the construction world. We can do partial substitution of industrial waste such as foundry sand like material in sand. Foundry sand is not only the economical material also improves the properties of the concrete. Foundry sand has emerged as construction material in its own right. This type of concrete normally contains around (30%, 40%) by mass of total sand materials. It improves the workability, minimizes cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, and enhances durability to reinforcement corrosion, sulphateattack, and alkali-silica expansion. Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the formation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical Solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental Solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture. J-integral and critical stress intensity factor is the fracture parameter. The fracture parameters calculated in our study are stress intensity factor, Critical j-integral. Three point bending test is used to find the fracture parameter. The study is carried out on beams of grade M20 with 0%, 30%, & 40% foundry sand. The test is conducted for normal beams and pre-cracked beams of having a notch to depth ratio (A/W) of 0.2. This study concludes that the critical j-integral and stress intensity factors increases by comparing the 0%, 30%, 40% foundry sand concrete.
    Key words:Foundry Sand (UFS), NaCl Treated Used Foundry Sand, high quality silica sand and fine aggregate.

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    Sasikumar.A, Siva Kumar.T, Santhoshraja.V. "Analytical and Experimental Studieson Fracture Behaviour of Foundry Sand Concrete"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • The Design A Fuzzy System in Order to Schedule Sleep and Waking Of Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks
    Saman Azimi, Keyhan Khamforoosh
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Sensor networks are considered to be a standard technology in wireless communications and they are widely used in military, surveillance, medicine, industry and houses as well. In sensor networks batteries with limited amount of energy provide energy for the whole system. They are not rechargeable and as soon as the batteries die the network life time will expire too. Using computational intelligence to schedule sleep and waking of the sensor nodes is one of the suitable methods which helps the network to have a longer life. In this paper the focus is on a fuzzy method to schedule sleeping and waking of sensor nodes. In this method the Environmental conditions of each sensor (the number of neighbors, the remaining energy, and the distance to the next cluster node) are considered as inputs by the application of a fuzzy system based on which the system creates an output and the sleeping and waking time of each sensor is dynamically determined. The simulated results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than other basic methods and consume less energy as well.
    Keywords:wireless sensor networks, Sleeping and waking, reduction of energy consumption, Fuzzy systems, dynamic Scheduling.

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    Saman Azimi, Keyhan Khamforoosh"The Design A Fuzzy System in Order to Schedule Sleep and Waking Of Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Design of 4:16 decoder using reversible logic gates
    Santhi Chebiyyam, K Bipin Sai Kumar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    Reversible logic has received great importance in the recent years because of its feature of reduction in power dissipation. It finds application in low power digital designs, quantum computing, nanotechnology, DNA computing etc. Large number of researches are currently ongoing on sequential and combinational circuits using reversible logic. Decoders are one of the most important circuits used in combinational logic. Different approaches have been proposed for their design. In this article, we have proposed a novel design of 4:16..
    Keyword: Reversible logic, decoder, quantum costx

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    Santhi Chebiyyam, K Bipin Sai Kumar "Design of 4:16 decoder using reversible logic gates"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Aerodynamic Study about an Automotive Vehicle with Capacity for Only One Occupant
    Almeida R.A, Ferreira Tiago Simão, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The presented study describes the aerodynamic behavior of a compact, single occupant, automotive vehicle. To optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of this vehicle, a flow dynamics study was conducted using a virtual model. The outer surfaces of the vehicle body were designed using Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools and its aerodynamic performance simulated virtually using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Parameters such as pressure coefficient (Cp), coefficient of friction (Cf) and graphical analysis of the streamlines were used to understand the flow dynamics and propose recommendations aimed at improving the coefficient of drag (Cd). The identification of interaction points between the fluid and the flow structure was the primary focus of study to develop these propositions. The study of phenomena linked to the characteristics of the model presented here, allowed the identification of design features that should be avoided to generate improved aerodynamic performance.
    Key words:Automotive Engineering, Aerodynamics, energy efficiency, virtual simulation, Fluid Dynamics, Project..

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    Almeida R.A, Ferreira Tiago Simão, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior "Aerodynamic Study about an Automotive Vehicle with Capacity for Only One Occupant"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Investigation on Bridges Connection to Network Carrefour in Existing Roads in Africa Big Cities: The Case of Cotonou in Benin Republic
    Dossa Didier Boko-haya , Yadong Li, Changrong Yao, Bin Qiang
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The rapid and continuous growth of populations and vehicles has caused very big traffic volume in most of African big cities. In order to ensure a better distribution of traffic and enables quick access to vehicles, reasonable interchange can be designed to allow greater connection and realizes rapid dividing of vehicles at existing road network carrefour. This paper uses Cotonou, which is the largest urban and economic city of Benin Republic as a case study. Firstly, the paper reviews literatures on history and development of interchanges bridge systems. Based on the case study, the paper then mainly introduces a typical interchange at Godomey carrefour, explains difficulties encountered in engineering design and realizes rapid dividing of vehicles by designing reasonable interchange at Godomey carrefour, so as to accumulate certain experience in the construction of interchange at existing road network carrefour. By studying this case, the research seeks to identify and expand on lessons learned under the first interchange bridge design in Benin. Using the lessons learned government agencies, engineering and construction communities could adopt reasonable structure and construction method according to local conditions based on current situations.
    Key words:Bridges connection, existing roads, interchange at network carrefour, rapid traffic, Benin Republic

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    Dossa Didier Boko-haya , Yadong Li, Changrong Yao, Bin Qiang "Investigation on Bridges Connection to Network Carrefour in Existing Roads in Africa Big Cities: The Case of Cotonou in Benin Republic"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Performance of Thermal Radiation Energy on Stagnation-Point Flow In The Presence of Water Based Copper and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes over Stretching/Shrinking Sheet
    R. Kandasamy, R. Dharmalingam, K.K. Sivagnana Prabhu
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "ABSTRACT This article is expected for analyzing the impact of mixed convection flow of water based copper and single walled carbon nanotubes on a stagnation-point flow over a porous stretching/shrinking sheet subject to thermal energy radiation by utilizing numerical method. The governing PDEs are converted into nonlinear ODEs by using similarity transformation which is solved numerically using fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique (MAPLE 18). Both stretching and shrinking sheets, the influences of governing parameters are analyzed in graphical and tabular form and found that the SWCNTs–water exhibits higher mass transfer rates compared to Cu–water nanofluids with increase of chemical reaction.
    Keywords:SWCNTs-water, Cu-water, MHD mixed convection flow, Thermal energy radiation, Chemical reaction.

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    R. Kandasamy, R. Dharmalingam, K.K. Sivagnana Prabhu "Performance of Thermal Radiation Energy on Stagnation-Point Flow In The Presence of Water Based Copper and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes over Stretching/Shrinking Sheet."Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Ecg Monitoring Using Android Smart App
    Pooja Pawar, Nikam Ganesh, Prof.D.S.Bhosalei
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This paper describes a mixed-signal ECG system that is capable of implementing configurable functionality with low-power consumption for portable ECG monitoring applications. A low-voltage and high performance analog front-end extracts 3-channel ECG signals and single channelelectrode-tissue-impedance (ETI) measurement with high signalquality. Design effective and low cost solution for ECG machine. . Wave forms of ECG can be observed on Android smartphones. Its availability and cost is significant and affordable. That makes this system upgradable and effective for every class of people.. Our system is portable so anyone can handle this in a simple way with android based smartphone. It doesn't cost much. It reduces work, efforts and expenses for patients and their relatives.
    Keyword: ARM7,Android Smartphone, ECG Sensors, Bluetooth.

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    Pooja Pawar, Nikam Ganesh, Prof.D.S.Bhosale "Ecg Monitoring Using Android Smart App"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version-7

  • Effects of Operational Losses in Active Magnetic Bearing Designs.
    Prince Owusu-Ansah, Alex Frimpong Justice,Philip Kwabena Agyeman, Ahwah Tettey Francis,Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    This paper studies the effects of different forms of operational losses that are associated with active magnetic bearing designs. Active magnetic bearings are generally considered as having much lower frictional losses as compared to fluid and roller bearings, however AMBs are considered as more complex mechatronic systems, associated with various potential power loss mechanisms during it cycle of operation. Minimizing of losses consist of various measures and depends largely on the requirements of the application, among all these losses, aerodynamic losses are classified as been the more dominant in modern high speed applications and turbomachinery especially in expanders and compressors where its working gases are considered to be under very high pressures and temperatures Various forms of losses such as hysteresis, eddy current, iron, aerodynamic have been discussed. The methods of reducing these losses in order reduce energy losses with the ultimate goal of improving bearing efficiency haveall been discussed in this paper.
    Keyword: Active magnetic bearing, Eddy current losses, Electrical resistance Hysteresis losses, Magnetic flux density, Rotor

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    Prince Owusu-Ansah, Alex Frimpong Justice,Philip Kwabena Agyeman, Ahwah Tettey Francis,Rhoda Afriyie Mensah"Effects of Operational Losses in Active Magnetic Bearing Designs"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • An Improved Explicit Profile Matching in Mobile Social Networks
    M.Bhanusri ,S.Vijaykumar ,S.Y.Ashok,P.Phani Gopal
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Fully Anonymous Profile Matching In Mobile Social Networks" is a project Privacy preservation is a significant research issue in social networking. Here user profile matching with their interest of privacy- preservation in mobile social networks (MSNs) so most of the family profiles matching with Two different protocols are used.i.e ; Icpm & Ecpm. An explicit Comparison-based Profile Matching protocol (eCPM) which runs between two parties, an initiator and a responder is proposed which enables the initiator to obtain the comparison-based matching result about a specified attribute in their profiles, while preventing their attribute values from disclosure. An implicit Comparison-based Profile matching protocol (iCPM) is then proposed which allows the initiator to directly obtain some messages instead of the comparison result from the responder
    Key words:Mobile social network, profile matching, privacy preservation, Icpm,Ecpm

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    M.Bhanusri ,S.Vijaykumar ,S.Y.Ashok,P.Phani Gopal "An Improved Explicit Profile Matching in Mobile Social Networks"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Blind Separation of Twin Fetal Heartbeats in an Electrocardiogram using the Fractional Fourier Transform
    Seema Sud
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) has been used for signal separation in numerous applications, such as speech, radar, and image processing. It is a useful signal processing tool that enables significantly greater signal separation by rotating signals in a time-frequency plane known as the Wigner Distribution (WD) where they may be totally separable, when they are not separable in the time or frequency domains alone. In this paper, we apply the FrFT to the problem of separating the heartbeats of twin fetuses, as seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG), from each other. Most techniques fail here because the two heartbeat patterns are similar. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of the fact that two or more fetal heartbeats can be approximated as damped, chirp signals and may be slightly offset in time or amplitude. Thus, the WDs of the two signals will be slightly different from each other. By finding and rotating to the proper axis in the WD plane, where the chirp heartbeats become narrowband, separable signals, we can notch much of the weaker heartbeat to extract the stronger one. The estimate of the stronger signal is then subtracted from the ECG signal to obtain the weaker one. We show that the technique operates well using simulations, even when the two heartbeats are nearly equal in power. Specifically, we show that the mean-square error (MSE) between the true heartbeats and the estimated ones are only on the order of 10−4−10−3. This method will enable identification of problems in an unborn child early in when the pregnant mother is expecting twins.
    Keyword: Biomedical, Chirp, Electrocardiogram, Fractional Fourier Transform, Heartbeat, Twins

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    Seema Sud"Blind Separation of Twin Fetal Heartbeats in an Electrocardiogram using the Fractional Fourier Transform"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Highly Secured Bio-Metric Authentication Model with Palm Print Identification
    Dr. Raja Murali Prasad
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    For securing personal identifications and highly secure identification problems, biometric technologies will provide higher security with improved accuracy. This has become an emerging technology in recent years due to the transaction frauds, security breaches and personal identification etc. The beauty of biometric technology is it provides a unique code for each person and it can't be copied or forged by others. To overcome the draw backs of finger print identification systems, here in this paper we proposed a palm print based personal identification system, which is a most promising and emerging research area in biometric identification systems due to its uniqueness, scalability, faster execution speed and large area for extracting the features. It provides higher security over finger print biometric systems with its rich features like wrinkles, continuous ridges, principal lines, minutiae points, and singular points. The main aim of proposed palm print identification system is to implement a system with higher accuracy and increased speed in identifying the palm prints of several users. Here, in this we presented a highly secured palm print identification system with extraction of region of interest (ROI) with morphological operation there by applying un-decimated bi-orthogonal wavelet (UDBW) transform to extract the low level features of registered palm prints to calculate its feature vectors (FV) then after the comparison is done by measuring the distance between registered palm feature vector and testing palm print feature vector. Simulation results show that the proposed biometric identification system provides more accuracy and reliable recognition rate.
    Key words:personal identification, finger print recognition, face recognition, IRIS recognition, ROI, Hybrid wavelet and recognition rate

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    Dr. Raja Murali Prasad "Highly Secured Bio-Metric Authentication Model with Palm Print Identification"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Analysis of Permanent Magnets Bearings in Fly wheel Rotor Designs
    Prince Owusu-Ansah, Appiah-Osei Agyemang, Alex Frimpong Justice
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "This paper discusses analysis of permanent magnet bearing in flywheel rotor designs. This work focuses on the advantages of using permanent magnets in flywheel rotor design as compared to that of the convectional mode of levitating the rotor position. The use of permanent magnet in magnetic bearing design to generate the steady state position of the magnetic field results in less variation of the force exerted on the rotor when it deviates from the nominal position than when an electrical coil is used for the same purpose. Theresults of the analysis shows that the magnetic bearing dynamics and larger load capacity is improved when the rotor is offset from its central position.The use of permanent magnet compared to current-carrying coils results in smaller overall size of magnetic bearing leading to a more compact system design resulting in improved rotordynamic performance.
    Keywords:Flywheel,Levitation, Magneticflux density,Permanent magnet bearing,Rotor,

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    Prince Owusu-Ansah, Appiah-Osei Agyemang, Alex Frimpong Justice"Analysis of Permanent Magnets Bearings in Fly wheel Rotor Designs"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Design of Non-Uniform Cosine Modulated Filter Banks Using Windows
    K. Sumanth , S Nagakishore Bhavanam, B. Bhaskara Rao
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    A technique for the design of non-uniform cosine modulated filter bank (NUCMFB) is presented in this paper. Non-uniform cosine modulated filter banks are derived by merging the adjacent filters of uniform cosine modulated filter banks. So ,the design process of NUCMFB reduces to the design of a single prototype filter. Hence the design of uniform cosine modulated filter bank (CMFB) has gained prime importance . The prototype filter can be designed with the aid of different adjustable window functions such as tukey window, dolph-chebyshev window and also Interpolated Finite Impulse Response (IFIR) design technique can be used. In this method either cut off frequencies or passband edge frequency is varied in order to adjust filter coefficients so that reconstruction error could be optimized/minimized to zero. Attributes such as peak reconstruction error (PRE), aliasing distortion (AD),computational time(CPU) and number of iterations (NOI) can be evaluated and performance can be measured. Finally the NUCMFB designed by the proposed method can be exploited for the sub band coding of ECG signal.
    Keyword: CMFB, NUCMFB, IFIR, PRE, AD, CPU, NOI.

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    K. Sumanth , S Nagakishore Bhavanam, B. Bhaskara Rao "Design of Non-Uniform Cosine Modulated Filter Banks Using Windows"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Effect of Michell's Function in Stress Analysis Due to Axisymmetric Heat Supply of a Limiting Plate
    C. M. Bhongade, M. H. Durge
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The present paper deals with the determination of quasi static thermal stresses in a limiting thick circular plate subjected to arbitrary heat flux on upper and lower surface and the fixed circular edge is thermally insulated. Initially the limiting thick circular plate is at zero temperature. Here we modify Kulkarni (2009) and compute the effects of Michell function on the limiting thickness of circular plate by using stress analysis with internal heat generation and axisymmetric heat supply in terms of stresses along radial direction. The governing heat conduction equation has been solved by the method of integral transform technique. The results are obtained in a series form in terms of Bessel's functions. The results for stresses have been computed numerically and illustrated graphically.
    Key words:Quasi static thermal stresses, limiting thick plate 𝑀≠0 , limiting thin plate 𝑀=0 , internal heat generation, axisymmetric heat supply.

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    C. M. Bhongade, M. H. Durge "Effect of Michell's Function in Stress Analysis Due to Axisymmetric Heat Supply of a Limiting Plate"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Optimization of Test Pattern Using Genetic Algorithm for Testing SRAM
    Lekashri S
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    An optimization of test pattern for testing of a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) using genetic algorithm interconnects presented here is a method that associates a turn on inputs to numerous nets, which gives rise to test vectors to determine stuck-at, open, and bridging faults. This set up gives us privilege in reducing unnecessary composition that reduces the testing time for application-dependent testing for coverage of faults. This optimized test pattern is used as a test source for testing a circuit and identifying the faults in the circuit. The faults which are covered in are stuck at open and bridging faults. Genetic algorithm reduces the redundancy and optimizes the test pattern which results in reduced testing time and power consumption.
    Key words:Test pattern generator (TPG), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Linear feedback shift register (LFSR) Build in self-test (BIST), Circuit under test (CUT), Output response analyzer (ORA).

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    Lekashri S "Optimization of Test Pattern Using Genetic Algorithm for Testing SRAM"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Comparative Analysis of Model Based Testing and Formal Based Testing - A Review
    Vatsal Mishra, Shashank Shekhar, Shashank Shankar, Manjula R
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "Software testing is one of the most important steps in the process of Software Development. Testing provides the glimpse of the proper functioning of the system under different conditions. It makes it a necessary step to choose the best testing method for the software system to be successful and accepted by a large number of people as the market is really competitive these days and only error free systems can survive for a longer period of time. This paper gives the comparative analysis of two major methods of testing : Formal Specifications Based Software Testing and Model Based Software Testing, which are used widely in the process of software development process. It brings out how these two methods of testing can provide reliability to software system including the major uses, advantages, and disadvantages of both the testing methods. It briefly gives the detailed comparative analysis of these two methods of software testing. It also brings out the situations where formal specifications based testing is more effective and efficient while model based testing being effective in others. This comparative analysis will help one in deciding on a better testing technique, depending upon the situation, and requirements of software, for the software to be successful in long run.
    Keywords:Model Based Testing, Formal based Testing, Specification Based Testing, Software Testing.

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    Vatsal Mishra, Shashank Shekhar, Shashank Shankar, Manjula R "Comparative Analysis of Model Based Testing and Formal Based Testing - A Review"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • SPIN TORQUE TRANSFER MRAM AS A UNIVERSAL MEMORY
    Jyoti Garg
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    The current multi-core era has resulted in the integration of increasing numbers of cores into the microprocessors used to power computers and cell phones. Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology with the potential to be used as universal memory. STT MRAM with read and write current is discusses here . In addition to that application of STT MRAM as a cache design is also discussed.
    Key words:---

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    Jyoti Garg "SPIN TORQUE TRANSFER MRAM AS A UNIVERSAL MEMORY "Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Comparison of Distance Transform Based Features
    Satish Kumar
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The distance transform based features are widely used in pattern recognition applications. A distance transform assigns to each background pixel in a binary image a value equal to its distance to the nearest foreground pixel according to a defined metric. Among these metrics the Chessboard, Euclidean, Chamfer and City-block are popular. The role of a feature extraction method is quite important in pattern recognition applications. Before applying a feature, it is essential to judge its performance on the given applications. In this research work, a study on the performance of above mentioned distance transform based features is made. We have conducted experiments with 500 hand-printed characters/class and the study has been performed on 43 classes. The classifiers used are k-NN, MLP, SVM and PNN.
    Keywords:Characters, Devanagari, Distance Transform, Hand-printed, Recognition

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    Satish Kumar"Comparison of Distance Transform Based Features"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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  • Changing Climate Released Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practices
    Thriveni B
    [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

    • Abstract:

    "The United States Census Bureau estimates that new construction spending in the country in 2011 will be $993 billion, or nearly 6% of GDP. Contributing to the creation of engineering practice standards for upkeep and design therefore offers a major chance to support community resilience and climate adaptation and mitigation. According to the community studying climate change, human activity-induced greenhouse...
    Keywords:1616 Climate variability; GLOBAL CHANGE; 1803 Anthropogenic effects; HYDROLOGY; 1880 Water management; HYDROLOGY; 1884 Water supply; HYDROLOGY

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    Thriveni B"Changing Climate Released Infrastructure and Civil Engineering Practices"Vol. 6 - Issue 4 (April - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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