Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Aluminum extraction has a very high energy consumption process, so reducing energy consumption is one of the most important roles in aluminum reduction cell design. The good path to achieve this goal can be made by voltage savings at the anode assembly.
The aim of this work is todevelop3D thermo-electrical finite element model and validate based on actual temperature measurements and electrical calculations for the anode assembly. The model is used to estimate the temperature distribution and the anodic voltage drop over the anode assembly and to suggest alternative design modifications to reduce the anodic voltage drop.
The effect of changing in stub diameter and chemical composition of cast iron on anodic voltage drop were studied. The findings indicated that the effect of stub diameter is more effective as compare with the changing in cast iron composition.

Copy and Paste

Mahmoud A.Aly, Mohamed M. Ali and A. A. Atlam, "A Study of Anodic Voltage Drop in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC) Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
Keywords: Metallic cations, Polyol Reduction, Pd Nanoparticles, Poly (vinylpyrrolidone), Precursor concentration.

Copy and Paste

Munaf. S. Majeed, Mohamed K. Dhahir, Zainab. F. Mahdy, "Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affected by Precursor Concentration"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Multimedia data compression is a challenging situation for compression technique, due to the possibility of loss of data as well as it require large amount of storage place. The minimization of storage place and proper transmission of these data need compression. In this dissertation we proposed a block based DWT image compression technique using genetic algorithm and HCC code matrix. The HCC code matrix compressed into two different set redundant and non-redundant which generate similar pattern of block coefficient. The similar block coefficient generated by particle of swarm optimization. The process of particle of swarm optimization is select for the optimal block of DWT transform function. For the experimental purpose we used some standard image such as Lena, Barbara and cameraman image. The size of resolution of this image is 256*256. The source of image is Google.
KeywordsDWT, HCC, Transform function, HVS.

Copy and Paste

Jitendra Meghwal, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain, "Efficient Image Compression Technique using Clustering and Random Permutation"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Trigonometric Fourier series are transformed into: (1) alternating series with terms of finite sums or (2) finite sums of alternating series. Alternating series may be approximated by finite sums more accurately as compared to their simple truncation. The accuracy of these approximations is discussed.
Key word: Fourier series, alternating series, approximation/truncation of series MSC 2010 code: 42B05, 40A25

Copy and Paste

Zbigniew Płochocki, Andrew Mioduchowski, "On approximations of trigonometric Fourier series as transformed to alternating series"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper studies the Hamiltonian coloring and Hamiltonian chromatic number for different graphs .the main results are1.For any integer n greater than or equal to three, Hamiltonian chromatic number of C_n is equal to n-2. 2. G is a graph obtained by adding a pendant edge to Hamiltonian graph H, and then Hamiltonian chromatic number of G is equal to n-1. 3. For every connected graph G of order n greater than or equal to 2, Hamiltonian chromatic number of G is not more than one increment of square of (n-2). Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 03Exx, 03E10, 05CXX, 05C15, 05C45.
Key word: Chromatic number, Hamiltonian coloring, Hamiltonian chromatic number, pendant edge, spanning connected graph.

Copy and Paste

Dr. B. Ramireddy, U. Mohan Chand, A.Sri Krishna Chaitanya, Dr. B.R. Srinivas, "Hamiltonian Chromatic Number of Graphs"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS (Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites. Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Keywords - GIS, Ground water management, MODFLOW, Recharge, Sub-surface modeling

Copy and Paste

Singha Sudhakar, Verma. M. K, Singha Soumya, "Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A Review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100- 600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported. In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most economical way.
Keywords: Heat transfer, Heat exchanger, Nano fluids, Mass flow rate, Periodic flow, Nusselt number & Reynolds number.

Copy and Paste

Ms. N.Gayathri, Mr.V.V.Ramakrishna, Mr. Sanmala Rajasekhar, "Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano Fluids"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Hough transform is often used to detect lines in images, yielding the equations of lines found. It works by transforming a line in a given image to a point in a new transform image while accumulating a measure of the likelihood that a point in the new image corresponds to a line from the original image. The resulting equation of a line describes a line of unspecified length, with no information about the end-points of the actual lines in the image which informed the detection of the line of unspecified length. This paperpresents a method to determine the end-points of the actual lines in the image.The method tracks points from the original image whose transforms led to evidence of lines in the transform image. Consecutive points are then grouped into sub-lines according to whether or not there are enough of them in the group so that they constitute a significant sub-line, and all points in the group are far enough from any other points along the same line, that those other points should not be considered part of the same sub-line.Sample results are shown.
Key word: end-point determination, Hough transform, image processing, robot navigation, self-navigation.

Copy and Paste

Gideon Kanji Damaryam, "A Method to Determine End-Points ofStraight Lines Detected Using the Hough Transform"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper proposes a new probabilistic methodology for analyzing the stability of Earth Dams, based on the technique of the First Order Reliability Method for Structural Reliability. Differently from others methodologies present in literature, the proposed method interprets the involved variables as random ones. So, three results are provided here: the Structural Reliability Index, the Probability of Rupture and the most probable values of the random variables for the occurrence of a dam break. In order to illustrate it, real data from a cross section of the Left Bank Earthfill Dam of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant (IHPP), located on the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil were used. The numerical results achieved by the proposed methodology evidence that IHPP dam has currently good structural conditions, confirming that the safety procedures adopted in Itaipu Dam may be considered as appropriate. The use of the proposed method enables to complement the previously existing knowledge about the structural conditions, improving the process of risk management.
Key word: Earth Dams, Probability of Rupture, Reliability Index, Stability Analysis, Structural Reliability.

Copy and Paste

T. R. Mafioleti, A. Chaves Neto, J. Patias, L. A. Teixeira Junior, "A Method for Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Earth Dams"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

An analysis is made for the two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid,along an infinite porous hot horizontal continuous moving plate. The governing system of partial differential equations was transformed into ordinary differential equations before being solve by Natural transformation. The effects of various physical parameters, such as Eckert number Ec , Prandtlnumber Pr , plate velocity α and heat source/sink parameter Sare presented and discussed. It is found that the plate velocity significantly effects the flow and heat transfer.
Key words: boundary layer flow, moving plate, laminar flow, heat transfer, natural transform.

Copy and Paste

Surendra Kumar Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Jhankal and Rachana Mathur, "Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal Continuous Moving Plate By Means Of the Natural Transformation Method"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Fuzziness means different things depending upon the domain of application and the way it is measured. By means of fuzzy sets, vague notions can be described mathematically now a vigorous area of research with manifold applications. It should be mentioned that there are natural ways (not necessarily trivial) to fuzzily various mathematical structures such as topological spaces, algebraic structure etc. The notion of L-fuzzy sets later more generalizations were also made using various membership sets and operations. In this section we let F denote the field of integers module 2, we define a fuzzy code as a fuzzy subset of Fⁿ where Fⁿ = {(a₁, ....a_n | a _i  F, i = 1, ...n} and n is a fixed arbitrary positive integers we recall that Fⁿ is a vector space over F. We give an analysis of the Hamming distance between two fuzzy code words and the error – correcting capability of a code in terms of its corresponding fuzzy codes. The results appearing in the first part of this section are from [17].
Keywords: Fuzzy code, Symmetric channel, Hankel matrices, Membership value, Semigroup.

Copy and Paste

Kharatti Lal, "Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Coding Theory"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Even though a great attention has been given on the cervical cancer diagnosis, it is a tuff task to observe the pap smear slide through microscope. Image Processing and Machine learning techniques helps the pathologist to take proper decision. In this paper, we presented the diagnosis method using cervical cell image which is obtained by Pap smear test. Image segmentation performed by multi-thresholding method and texture and shape features are extracted related to cervical cancer. Feature selection is achieved using Mutual Information(MI), Sequential Forward Search (SFS), Sequential Floating Forward Search (SFFS) and Random Subset Feature Selection(RSFS) methods.
Key word: Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Feature Selection, Multi-thresholding, Classification

Copy and Paste

B. Ashok, Dr. P. Aruna, "Comparison of Feature selection methods for diagnosis of cervical cancer using SVM classifier"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A new kind of quadruped-imitating walking robot is designed, which is composed of a body bracket, leg brackets and walking legs. The walking leg of the robot is comprised of a first swiveling arm, a second swiveling arm and two striding leg rods. Each rod of the walking leg is connected by a rotary joint, and is directly controlled by the steering gear. The walking motion is realized by two striding leg rods alternately contacting the ground. Three assumptions are put forward according to the kinematic characteristics of the quadruped-imitating walking robot, and then the centroid equation of the robot is established. On this basis, this paper simplifies the striding process of the quadruped-imitating walking robot into an inverted pendulum model with a constant fulcrum and variable pendulum length. According to the inverted pendulum model, the stability of the robot is not only related to its centroid position, but also related to its centroid velocity. Takes two typical movement cases for example, such as walking on flat ground and climbing the vertical obstacle, the centroid position, velocity curves of the inverted pendulum model are obtained by MATLAB simulations. The results show that the quadruped-imitating walking robot is stable when walking on flat ground. In the process of climbing the vertical obstacle, the robot also can maintain certain stability through real-time control adjusted by the steering gears.
Keywords - walking robot, stability, inverted pendulum model, motion equation, simulation analysis

Copy and Paste

Yongming Wang, Xuetan Xu, Song Song, "Stability Analysis of Quadruped-imitating Walking Robot Based on Inverted Pendulum Model"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com