- A Study of Anodic Voltage Drop in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Finite
Element Analysis
Mahmoud A.Aly, Mohamed M. Ali and A. A. Atlam
[Abstract]
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[Cite]
Abstract:
Aluminum extraction has a very high energy consumption process, so reducing energy consumption is one of
the most important roles in aluminum reduction cell design. The good path to achieve this goal can be made by
voltage savings at the anode assembly.
The aim of this work is todevelop3D thermo-electrical finite element model and validate based on actual
temperature measurements and electrical calculations for the anode assembly. The model is used to estimate the
temperature distribution and the anodic voltage drop over the anode assembly and to suggest alternative design
modifications to reduce the anodic voltage drop.
The effect of changing in stub diameter and chemical composition of cast iron on anodic voltage drop were
studied. The findings indicated that the effect of stub diameter is more effective as compare with the changing in
cast iron composition.
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Copy and PasteMahmoud A.Aly, Mohamed M. Ali and A. A. Atlam, "A Study of Anodic Voltage Drop in Aluminum Reduction Cell by Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd
Nanoparticles Affected by Precursor Concentration
Munaf. S. Majeed, Mohamed K. Dhahir, Zainab. F. Mahdy
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly
(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at
temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were
tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC)
Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films
were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size
around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters
shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
Keywords: Metallic cations, Polyol Reduction, Pd Nanoparticles, Poly (vinylpyrrolidone), Precursor
concentration.
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Copy and PasteMunaf. S. Majeed, Mohamed K. Dhahir, Zainab. F. Mahdy, "Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affected by Precursor Concentration"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Efficient Image Compression Technique using Clustering and
Random Permutation
Jitendra Meghwal, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain
[Abstract]
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[Cite]
Abstract:
Multimedia data compression is a challenging situation for compression technique, due to the possibility of loss
of data as well as it require large amount of storage place. The minimization of storage place and proper
transmission of these data need compression. In this dissertation we proposed a block based DWT image
compression technique using genetic algorithm and HCC code matrix. The HCC code matrix compressed into
two different set redundant and non-redundant which generate similar pattern of block coefficient. The similar
block coefficient generated by particle of swarm optimization. The process of particle of swarm optimization is
select for the optimal block of DWT transform function. For the experimental purpose we used some standard
image such as Lena, Barbara and cameraman image. The size of resolution of this image is 256*256. The source
of image is Google.
KeywordsDWT, HCC, Transform function, HVS.
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Copy and PasteJitendra Meghwal, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain, "Efficient Image Compression Technique using Clustering and Random Permutation"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- On approximations of trigonometric Fourier series as
transformed to alternating series
Zbigniew Płochocki, Andrew Mioduchowski
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
Trigonometric Fourier series are transformed into: (1) alternating series with terms of finite sums or
(2) finite sums of alternating series. Alternating series may be approximated by finite sums more accurately as
compared to their simple truncation. The accuracy of these approximations is discussed.
Key word: Fourier series, alternating series, approximation/truncation of series
MSC 2010 code: 42B05, 40A25
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Copy and PasteZbigniew Płochocki, Andrew Mioduchowski, "On approximations of trigonometric Fourier series as transformed to alternating series"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Hamiltonian Chromatic Number of Graphs
Dr. B. Ramireddy, U. Mohan Chand, A.Sri Krishna Chaitanya, Dr. B.R.
Srinivas
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
This paper studies the Hamiltonian coloring and Hamiltonian chromatic number for different graphs .the main
results are1.For any integer n greater than or equal to three, Hamiltonian chromatic number of C
n is equal to n-2.
2. G is a graph obtained by adding a pendant edge to Hamiltonian graph H, and then Hamiltonian chromatic
number of G is equal to n-1. 3. For every connected graph G of order n greater than or equal to 2, Hamiltonian
chromatic number of G is not more than one increment of square of (n-2).
Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 03Exx, 03E10, 05CXX, 05C15, 05C45.
Key word: Chromatic number, Hamiltonian coloring, Hamiltonian chromatic number, pendant edge,
spanning connected graph.
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Copy and PasteDr. B. Ramireddy, U. Mohan Chand, A.Sri Krishna Chaitanya, Dr. B.R. Srinivas, "Hamiltonian Chromatic Number of Graphs"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water
Hydrology- A Review
Singha Sudhakar, Verma. M. K, Singha Soumya
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic
development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and
require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the
development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management
has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS
(Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water
management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water
hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites.
Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess
rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great
potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Keywords - GIS, Ground water management, MODFLOW, Recharge, Sub-surface modeling
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Copy and PasteSingha Sudhakar, Verma. M. K, Singha Soumya, "Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A Review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by
CFD with Nano Fluids
Ms. N.Gayathri, Mr.V.V.Ramakrishna, Mr. Sanmala Rajasekhar
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Keywords: Heat transfer, Heat exchanger, Nano fluids, Mass flow rate, Periodic flow, Nusselt number &
Reynolds number.
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Copy and PasteMs. N.Gayathri, Mr.V.V.Ramakrishna, Mr. Sanmala Rajasekhar, "Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano Fluids"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- A Method to Determine End-Points ofStraight Lines Detected Using the Hough
Transform
Gideon Kanji Damaryam
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
The Hough transform is often used to detect lines in images, yielding the equations of lines found. It works by
transforming a line in a given image to a point in a new transform image while accumulating a measure of the
likelihood that a point in the new image corresponds to a line from the original image. The resulting equation of
a line describes a line of unspecified length, with no information about the end-points of the actual lines in the
image which informed the detection of the line of unspecified length. This paperpresents a method to determine
the end-points of the actual lines in the image.The method tracks points from the original image whose
transforms led to evidence of lines in the transform image. Consecutive points are then grouped into sub-lines
according to whether or not there are enough of them in the group so that they constitute a significant sub-line,
and all points in the group are far enough from any other points along the same line, that those other points
should not be considered part of the same sub-line.Sample results are shown.
Key word: end-point determination, Hough transform, image processing, robot navigation, self-navigation.
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Copy and PasteGideon Kanji Damaryam, "A Method to Determine End-Points ofStraight Lines Detected Using the Hough Transform"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- A Method for Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Earth Dams
T. R. Mafioleti, A. Chaves Neto, J. Patias, L. A. Teixeira Junior
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
This paper proposes a new probabilistic methodology for analyzing the stability of Earth Dams, based on the
technique of the First Order Reliability Method for Structural Reliability. Differently from others methodologies
present in literature, the proposed method interprets the involved variables as random ones. So, three results are
provided here: the Structural Reliability Index, the Probability of Rupture and the most probable values of the
random variables for the occurrence of a dam break. In order to illustrate it, real data from a cross section of the
Left Bank Earthfill Dam of Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant (IHPP), located on the city of Foz do Iguaçu,
Paraná, Brazil were used. The numerical results achieved by the proposed methodology evidence that IHPP dam
has currently good structural conditions, confirming that the safety procedures adopted in Itaipu Dam may be
considered as appropriate. The use of the proposed method enables to complement the previously existing
knowledge about the structural conditions, improving the process of risk management.
Key word: Earth Dams, Probability of Rupture, Reliability Index, Stability Analysis, Structural Reliability.
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Copy and PasteT. R. Mafioleti, A. Chaves Neto, J. Patias, L. A. Teixeira Junior, "A Method for Probabilistic Stability Analysis of Earth Dams"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous
Hot Horizontal Continuous Moving Plate By Means Of the
Natural Transformation Method
Surendra Kumar Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Jhankal and Rachana Mathur
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
An analysis is made for the two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible
fluid,along an infinite porous hot horizontal continuous moving plate. The governing system of partial
differential equations was transformed into ordinary differential equations before being solve by Natural
transformation. The effects of various physical parameters, such as Eckert number Ec , Prandtlnumber Pr ,
plate velocity α and heat source/sink parameter Sare presented and discussed. It is found that the plate velocity
significantly effects the flow and heat transfer.
Key words: boundary layer flow, moving plate, laminar flow, heat transfer, natural transform.
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Copy and PasteSurendra Kumar Agarwal, Anuj Kumar Jhankal and Rachana Mathur, "Boundry Layer Flow and Heat Transfer along an Infinite Porous Hot Horizontal Continuous Moving Plate By Means Of the Natural Transformation Method"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Coding Theory
Kharatti Lal
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Fuzziness means different things depending upon the domain of application and the way it is measured. By
means of fuzzy sets, vague notions can be described mathematically now a vigorous area of research with
manifold applications. It should be mentioned that there are natural ways (not necessarily trivial) to fuzzily
various mathematical structures such as topological spaces, algebraic structure etc. The notion of L-fuzzy sets
later more generalizations were also made using various membership sets and operations. In this section we let F
denote the field of integers module 2, we define a fuzzy code as a fuzzy subset of F
n where F
n = {(a
1, ....a
n | a
i
F, i = 1, ...n} and n is a fixed arbitrary positive integers we recall that F
n is a vector space over F. We give an
analysis of the Hamming distance between two fuzzy code words and the error – correcting capability of a code
in terms of its corresponding fuzzy codes. The results appearing in the first part of this section are from [17].
Keywords: Fuzzy code, Symmetric channel, Hankel matrices, Membership value, Semigroup.
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Copy and PasteKharatti Lal, "Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Coding Theory"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Comparison of Feature selection methods for diagnosis of cervical
cancer using SVM classifier
B. Ashok, Dr. P. Aruna
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Even though a great attention has been given on the cervical cancer diagnosis, it is a tuff task to observe the
pap smear slide through microscope. Image Processing and Machine learning techniques helps the pathologist
to take proper decision. In this paper, we presented the diagnosis method using cervical cell image which is
obtained by Pap smear test. Image segmentation performed by multi-thresholding method and texture and shape
features are extracted related to cervical cancer. Feature selection is achieved using Mutual Information(MI),
Sequential Forward Search (SFS), Sequential Floating Forward Search (SFFS) and Random Subset Feature
Selection(RSFS) methods.
Key word: Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Feature Selection, Multi-thresholding, Classification
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Copy and PasteB. Ashok, Dr. P. Aruna, "Comparison of Feature selection methods for diagnosis of cervical cancer using SVM classifier"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Stability Analysis of Quadruped-imitating Walking Robot Based
on Inverted Pendulum Model
Yongming Wang, Xuetan Xu, Song Song
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
A new kind of quadruped-imitating walking robot is designed, which is composed of a body bracket, leg
brackets and walking legs. The walking leg of the robot is comprised of a first swiveling arm, a second
swiveling arm and two striding leg rods. Each rod of the walking leg is connected by a rotary joint, and is
directly controlled by the steering gear. The walking motion is realized by two striding leg rods alternately
contacting the ground. Three assumptions are put forward according to the kinematic characteristics of the
quadruped-imitating walking robot, and then the centroid equation of the robot is established. On this basis, this
paper simplifies the striding process of the quadruped-imitating walking robot into an inverted pendulum model
with a constant fulcrum and variable pendulum length. According to the inverted pendulum model, the stability
of the robot is not only related to its centroid position, but also related to its centroid velocity. Takes two typical
movement cases for example, such as walking on flat ground and climbing the vertical obstacle, the centroid
position, velocity curves of the inverted pendulum model are obtained by MATLAB simulations. The results
show that the quadruped-imitating walking robot is stable when walking on flat ground. In the process of
climbing the vertical obstacle, the robot also can maintain certain stability through real-time control adjusted by
the steering gears.
Keywords - walking robot, stability, inverted pendulum model, motion equation, simulation analysis
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Copy and PasteYongming Wang, Xuetan Xu, Song Song, "Stability Analysis of Quadruped-imitating Walking Robot Based on Inverted Pendulum Model"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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