Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The paper presents the methodology for analysis of energy value of existing hydro power plant (HPP) comparing with the same HPP upgraded with additional power. The additional power can be added with installed turbine flows of existing unit(s) or with installing the new additional unit(s). The paper treated the energy evaluation of the storage HPP Spilje which is under installed HPP comparing the technical parameters, water reservoir, turbine discharge and water inflow. The analyses have been made based on the statistical analysis of the input parameters of hydrology through a series of hydrological inflow data for a long period of years with monthly distribution. The hydrological data (from 1970 until 2014) which covers extremely wet and extremely dry hydrological periods, which is important in order to get statistics of expected values with appropriate probabilities of occurrence – data from monthly inflow values [1]. The results from analysis can be applied in determining the expected hydro production, or appropriate expected revenue of the electricity generated from the HPP. The additional turbine flow in existing units or installing the new unit(s) can benefit with increased income coming as the result of avoiding spilling water and generating additional peak energy instead of base one.
Keywords -Hydro power plant (HPP), energy, installed power, turbine discharge, water reservoir

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Goce Bozinovski, Atanas Iliev, "Evaluation of Energy Contribution for Additional Installed Turbine Flow in Hydro Power Plant"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Periodic foundationis a new type of seismic base isolation system. It is inspired by the periodic material crystal lattice in the solid state physics. This kind of material has a unique property, which is termed as frequency band gap that is capable of blocking incoming waves having frequencies falling within the band gap. Consequently, seismic waves having frequencies falling within the frequency band gap are blocked by the periodic foundation. The ability to block the seismic waveshas put this kind of foundation as a prosperous next generation of seismic base isolators. This paper provides analytical study on the one dimensional (1D) type periodic foundations to investigate their seismic performance. The general idea of basic theory of one dimensional (1D) periodic foundations is first presented.Then, the parametric studies considering infinite and finite boundary conditions are discussed. The effect of superstructure on the frequency band gap is investigated as well. Based on the analytical study, a set of equations is proposed for the design guidelines of 1D periodic foundations for seismic base isolation of structures.
Keywords–finite element, frequency band gap, one dimensional periodic foundation, phononic crystal, seismic isolation

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Witarto Witarto, S.J. Wang, Xin Nie, Y.L. Mo, Zhifei Shi, Yu Tang, Robert P. Kassawara, "Analysis and Design of One Dimensional Periodic Foundations for Seismic Base Isolation of Structures"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Safety at work is defined as a set of measures that are based on technical standards and aimed at accident prevention, in Brazil it is governed by Decree-Law No. 5,452 of May 1, 1943, approving the Consolidation of Labor Laws - CLT. The construction is the sector that suffers most from industrial accidents and is labeled as the champion as the rates of work accidents. This study aimed to carry out a survey of the works of the construction industry situation in the city of Medianeira in Brazil about using Security Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and relate to the use of such equipment with the occurrence of accidents. To carry out the research were used 40 works, and for the data used in the survey, a questionnaire was applied to each work, which was answered by the foreman. With this research found up those 50% of employers in this sector in the city are not complying with the legislation as the provision of PPE and only 10% of employees are using all PPE required for their safety.
Keywords -accident, PPE, prevention, safety.

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Fernando Roberto Rockenbach, Kelyn Schenatto, Keila Schenatto, Claudio Leones Bazzi, "Individual protection equipment for use in the construction civil sector - case study in the city of Medianeira in Brazil"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The exploration of social conversations for addressing patient's needs is an important analytical task in which many scholarly publications are contributing to fill the knowledge gap in this area. The main difficulty remains the inability to turn such contributions into pragmatic processes the pharmaceutical industry can leverage in order to generate insight from social media data, which can be considered as one of the most challenging source of information available today due to its sheer volume and noise. This study is based on the work by Scott Spangler and Jeffrey Kreulen and applies it to identify structure in social media through the extraction of a topical taxonomy able to capture the latent knowledge in social conversations in health-related sites. The mechanism for automatically identifying and generating a taxonomy from social conversations is developed and pressured tested using public data from media sites focused on the needs of cancer patients and their families. Moreover, a novel method for generating the category's label and the determination of an optimal number of categories is presented which extends Scott and Jeffrey's research in a meaningful way. We assume the reader is familiar with taxonomies, what they are and how they are used.
Keywords–Taxonomy, Social Media, Text Mining, Clustering, Knowledge Management

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Giancarlo Crocetti, Amir A. Delay, Fatemeh Seyedmendhi, "Identifying Structures in Social Conversations in NSCLC Patients through the Semi-Automatic extraction of Topical Taxonomies"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Difficulty in preventing rollover accidents of marine containers derives from various load conditions of cargoes inside the containers. Heavier cargoes are widely regarded as presenting greater danger of rollover accidents. However, this presupposition is severely misleading because lighter cargoes having a higher center of gravity such as machinery with an upper mass can also cause rollover accidents. Rollover accidents are explainable fundamentally as follows.
The center of gravity of a truck loading a marine container conflicts with the centrifugal force in cornering. A truck is unstable, causing a rollover accident when the moment originating from the centrifugal force exceeds that originating from the force of gravity. Such a truck might cause a rollover accident at a lower driving speed when the center of gravity is positioned higher. The question is therefore how to find the center of gravity of trucks with marine containers. Conditions of cargoes inside the containers differ greatly. Moreover, it is practically impossible to calculate those conditions by measuring all cargoes piece-by-piece in a container unless the time and cost to do so are unlimited. Without knowing what is inside a container, there is no way to detect the center of gravity after a truck starts moving.
An important invention by the second author of this paper was produced to solve that difficulty. Detection of the Three Dimensional Center of Gravity (D3DCG) can ascertain the position of the center of gravity while trucks are moving. Soon after starting to move, vertical and rolling motions are measured onboard the trucks in half a minute. Then D3DCG is activated, instantly assessing the position of the center of gravity. D3DCG assumes that the center of gravity causes unique motions depending on its position on the truck. Therefore there is no need to know what is inside the container.
This paper first demonstrated the precision of D3DCG running an experiment by which a truck scale model was used. It was driven by remote control. Results of positions of the center of gravity delivered from D3DCG were compared to those obtained using ordinary piece-by-piece calculations. Secondly, this paper assessed examples of D3DCG installed on an actual truck loading real marine containers. Results proved that D3DCG is valuable for real-time detection of the center of gravity when driving. This achievement will greatly contribute to the prevention of rollover accidents.
Keywords:Trailer, Rollover, Road safety, Vibration of moving body, Natural frequency, D3DCG

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Runan Dang, Yutaka Watanabe, "Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity Detection for Trucks Hauling Marine Containers" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A framework based on Taguchi parameter design was developed and successfully demonstrated to optimize two quality characteristics- surface roughness and angular accuracy in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process. An orthogonal array (OA)L₉was used in the Taguchi experiment design for four controllable factors, each with three levels. With one non-controllable factor investigated, 18 experiments were conducted in the Taguchi-based experiment setting, compared to 3₄ (=81) parameter combination as required by a traditional DOE setting. Conducted for the two response variables, Taguchi experiments from the case study gave the optimal combination of pulse on time at 9μs (A₁), feed rate at 35 in/min (B₂.), voltage at 8v (C₂), and wire tension at 165g (D₃) for surface roughness optmization, and pulse on time at 13μs (A₃), feed rate at 35 in/min (B₂), voltage at 8v (C₂), and wire tension at 160g (D₂) for angular accuracy optmization. This optimal parameter setting combination was verified through a confirmation run that confirms the optimal quality responses of 126.1μin for surface roughness and 0.024º for angular accuracy. This research ultimately showed the dual output variable improvement and the framework established itself as a means to solve similar problems in other machining applications. The developed framework can serve as guidance for researchers to obtain multivariable optimal setting in a systematic way.
Keywords:WEDM· Taguchi method · Surface roughness · Angular accuracy

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Trad Alblawi. Joseph, C. Chen• Ye Li, "Development of a Taguchi-based framework for optimizing two quality characteristics in Wire-EDM operations"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

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Fadhel saif bushehri, "Design and development workshop interior design and furniture section"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Community-based early warning systems (CBEWS) is a "people-centered" system and empowers individuals and communities threatened by hazards to act on sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the possibility of personal injury, loss of life, damage to property, environment and loss of livelihood. These things lead to the development of the device necessary for the protection of the community against flood hazards as it allows people to get prepared with sufficient time. An alarm system was developed to monitor the water level on Salog River that overflows during heavy rains. The water level sensors were submerged in a canal of water to test the functionality of the device before its installation. Computer programs were created to enhance the monitoring of water level: the River Monitor Software and the Water Level Monitor. The LED arrays emit light according to water level; green for low, orange for medium, and red for high. A siren also alarms with different intervals (30 seconds for low, 15 seconds for medium, and a continuous alarm for high). Automatic emergency lighting was integrated in the design and lights up during power outages powered by rechargeable sealed battery that charges when ac power is supplied to the device. Levels were established based on available data; low water level means awareness; medium water level means preparedness and high water level means immediate response is necessary.
KEYWORDS:Early flood warning system, floods, water level, water level monitoring, Philippines, Asia

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Joy J. Labo, Eric E. Floresca, Larry E. Gracilla, "Development of Flood Warning System"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

For critical application systems, which control nuclear power plants and other energy facilities, air, sea and ground vehicles, the needs to ensure their operability are increased. To fulfill this requirement, it is necessary to increase the technical readiness coefficient, the value of which increases with decreasing recovery time control system in case of fault of its constituent units. The main control system components critical applications are memory devices, which store programs and used for performing algorithms control. Semiconductor memory modules with automatic recovery functionality at multiple faults can be used in systems of critical applications protection and management where the use of fault-tolerant digital devices is a necessity due to the inability of traditional methods of repair by replacing the failed elements.
Keywords -Built-in, Memory, operability restoration, self-test

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Ryabtsev V.G, Feklistov A.S, Evseev K.V, "Improved Reliability Memory's Module Structure for Critical Application Systems" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Highway transportation is supported with several technologies to decrease risk factors and to obtain secure drive. With improved software and hardware smartphone technology is able to monitor the useful information from information network and especially it helps to maintain and control better traffic management for ITS. In this study accession systems to electronic control unit are examined and also access procedure to vehicle status via onboard diagnostic (OBD) also demonstrated. Additionally vehicle and environment information evaluation and prevention of accident risks with smartphone technology are also indicated.
Keywords -Intelligent Transportation Systems, Smartphone, OBD-II, Driver Information, Traffic

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Gül Fatma Türker, Akif Kutlu, "Survey of Smartphone applications based on OBD-II for Intelligent Transportation Systems"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The interaction of a sodium salt of octanoic acid, sodium caprylate (SC), with a carbon steel (CS) surface was investigated, using range of experimental techniques. It was shown that SC acts as a good CS general corrosion inhibitor, yielding a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 77%. This high inhibition efficiency is maintained even at higher temperatures. It was determined that SC inhibits both partial corrosion reactions, and can thus be considered to be a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of SC on the CS surface was described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that this process is spontaneous, irreversible and driven by the entropy gain. The CS surface morphology was studied by SEM and it was demonstrated that SC is a very effective general corrosion inhibitor of CS. This also was confirmed by contact angle measurements which showed that the CS surface became more hydrophobic when the SC was added to the solution.
KEY WORDS: Corrosion inhibition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel slopes, adsorption,

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Saad Ghareba, Sasha Omanovic, "Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid by Sodium Caprylate"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

As the technology improved to support very large chip sizes, system designers were faced with power consumption problem and leakage current problem. CMOS technology has increased in level of importance to the point where it now clearly holds center stage as the dominant VLSI technology The present work shows the implementation of a DRAM 4×4 (dynamic random access memory) with self controllable voltage level (SVL) technique. SVL technique is leakage current reduction technique. Simulation is done by using a micro wind 3.1 and DSCH 2. By using a SVL technique in DRAM 4×4, 37% of leakage current is reduced.
Keywords:power, leakage current, SVL technique, CMOS, DRAM

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Radha.K, M. Sowmyasri, N. Harshala, B. Neeraja, "Self-controllable Voltage Level Technique to reduce leakage current in DRAM 4×4"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Al-Zn-Mg alloys are most commonly used age-hardenable aluminium alloys. The hardening mechanism is further enhanced in addition of Sc. Sc additions to aluminium alloys are more promising. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of nano-sized Al3Sc precipitates hardening effect can be accelerated. Mainly, highlight on hardening mechanism in Al-Zn-Mg alloys with Sc effect is to study. In addition, several characterisations have been done to age-hardening measurements at elevated temperatures from 120oC to 180 oC. The ageing kinetics has also been calculated from Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, friction stir processing (FSP) can be introduced to surface modification process and hardened the cast aluminium alloys. In this study, hardening mechanism can be evaluated by Vicker's hardness measurement and mechanical testing is present task.
Key words: hardening mechanism, Al3Sc precipitates, ageing kinetics, Arrhenius equation, FSP, mechanical

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P. K. Mandal, "Study on hardening mechanisms in aluminium alloys"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Hybrid system comprising of Wind/Diesel generation system for a practical standalone application considers Wind turbine generators and diesel generator as primary power sources for generating electricity. Battery banks are considered as a backup power source. The total value of cost is reduced by meeting energy demand required by the customers. Bat optimization technique is implemented to optimize wind and battery modules. Wind and battery banks are considered as primary sources and diesel generator as a secondary power source for the system
Keywords:Hybrid Wind- Diesel system, Bat optimization, optimal sizing.

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Sudhir Sharma, Shivani Mehta, Gurpreet Kaur, "Optimizing Hybrid Wind/Diesel Generator System Using BAT Algorithm"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this study, it is proposed to obtain breakthrough curves for commonly occurring lead ions in any effluents through locally available soil amended with 10% bentonite and determine the diffusion coefficients. The theoretical breakthrough curves of migrating ions in the soil column experiment are generated using mathematical equation considering effective diffusion coefficients , knowing soil parameters and hydraulic head. These curves are then compared with experimental curves. In cases where the theoretical and experimental breakthrough curve do not match, there would be need to consider other parameter retardation factor along with diffusion coefficient. Theoretical curves are generated for sets of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor. The sets which give theoretical curve close to experimentally determined breakthrough curves are accepted. Thus it may be possible to bring out the condition for the dominance of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor. Then knowing the values of diffusion coefficient and retardation factor along with soil porosity and hydraulic gradient it is possible to predict the breakthrough times of different ions in the soil. In this work the breakthrough times of lead ion for the soil of 1m and 0.5m are established. The studies can be extended for any ion or soil after establishing diffusion coefficient and retardation for the considered ions in the selected liner under different hydrological regimes.
Keywords: Breakthrough curve, Column test, Diffusion Coefficient, Hydraulic Conductivity, Retardation

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Megha N Kulkarni, C Ramakrishnegowda, H S Nanda and Puvvadi V Sivapullaiah, "Retention Behavior of Lead Ion in Soil Bentonite Liner"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network with infrastructure less environment to establish a data transmission between nodes within the network. A routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. In this paper, we study the three existing routing protocols namely AODV, DSDV and DSR to analyze theirperformance based on set of parameters.AODV and DSR deliver almost all the packets compared to DSDV. Hence we try to modify the AODVprotocol and use in the cooperative transmission.
In this paper, we study the cooperative transmission at the network layer and cooperative diversity at the physical layer as a joint optimization of the transmission power in a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) with static channel. However due to variable wireless channels static routing is suboptimal. Proposed protocol proactively selects forwarding nodes that work cooperatively forwarding the packet towards the destination. Cooperative transmission side diversity helps in reducing interference. Diversity can be achieved at the physical layer by coordinating the multiple nodes. Nodes are equipped with Omni-directional antenna and take the advantages of transmission side diversity to achieve energy saving, under the assumption that channel gains are available at the transmitters.
The proposed Opportunistic Minimum Cost Cooperative Transmission Shortest Path (OMCTSP) algorithms select the best optimum route with minimum cost in terms of energy, number of hops, available bandwidth, link quality (SNR) and outage probability. As the network becomes larger, finding optimal routes becomes computationally intractable as the complexity of the dynamic programming (DP) approach increases as o (22n) where n is the number of nodes in the networks. Hence we develop two suboptimal algorithms have complexity of o (n2) perform as same as optimal algorithm. Also developthe Opportunistic Cooperative Routing in MANET (O_CORMAN), which is a network layer opportunistic routing scheme for mobile ad hoc networks. Nodes in the network use the components proactive routing protocol, forwarder list update and local re-transmission. We evaluate the performance using NS 2.32 simulator there is significant performance improvement with respect to energy, throughput packet delivery, and delay compared with Modified AODV (OMCTSP).
Index: Cooperative transmission, diversity, throughput, energy efficient route, delay, channel gain. , local

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K.vanisree, Dr.P.Ramamoorthy, "Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile Adhoc Networks"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Environment and Development are the two wheels of the cart. However, they become antagonists at some points. It has been witnessed many a times that development is done at the cost of environment. Analysis and assessment tools like GIS along with Remote Sensing have proved to be very efficient and effective and hence useful for management of natural resources. Groundwater is a precious resource of limited extent. In order to ensure a judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. There is an urgent need of planned and optimal development of water resources. An appropriate strategy is required to develop water resources with planning based on conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. Integrated remote sensing and GIS can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in groundwater management and planning. Sustainable water resources development and management necessarily depends on proper planning, implementation, operation and maintenance. The interpretation of remote sensing data in conjunction with conventional data and sufficient ground truth information makes it possible to identify and outline various ground features such as geological structures, geomorphic features and their hydrologic characters that may serve as direct or indirect indicators of the presence of ground and surface water. Remotely sensed data provides unbiased information on geology, geomorphology, structural pattern and recharging conditions, which logically define the groundwater regime of an area. Groundwater resource potential has been evaluated in Pulivendula-Sanivaripalli, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and Geographic information system. Under this study, three thematic maps viz. Geological map (Lithology and Structure), Geomorphological map and Hydro morphological maps were prepared. These thematic maps have been integrated with the help of GIS. Appropriate weightage has been assigned to various factors controlling occurrence of groundwater to assess the groundwater potential in each segment of the study area. The area has been classified into high potential, moderate potential, low potential and non-potential zones landforms ground water development on the basis of hydromorphological studies. Some of the favorable locations have been suggested to impound the excessive run off so as to augment the ground water resources of the area.
Keywords: Hard rock aquifer, Evaluation of groundwater potential, GIS, Remote sensing, Pulivendula,

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V.Sunitha, J Abdullah Khan., M. Ramakrishna Reddy, "Evaluation of Groundwater Resource Potential using GIS and Remote Sensing Application"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com