Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Laptops in 21^st century are an integral part of every professional in vivid fields. Off late there has been emergence of several ergonomic injuries such as repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) due to extensive usage of laptops, which can be closely linked with applied force and postures. This study investigated the effect of various angles of keyboard on the applied force and motor action plus response time while performing five distinct tasks. On the basis of literature two different laptops were selected for performing different tasks. For each case the three levels of platform angle were considered as 0°, 5°, and 10°. Male subjects were selected to perform five distinct tasks for each platform angle for both laptops. The force applied (in milli-volts) and the motor action plus response time (milli-seconds) were recorded using an oscilloscope. The data collected were analyzed through ANOVA using MINITAB software. The abduction angle with the least mean response time and applied force were considered as the best from ergonomics viewpoint. The ANOVA results showed that the angle of abduction for both laptops (small and large) do have significant effect on applied force but not on motor action plus response time. The analysis of results indicate that 10° angle of abduction in case of small laptops should be applied to minimize musculoskeletal disorder and repetitive strain injuries. Research relevance: This work suggests that those responsible for the function and operation of laptops would have to redesign the system to reduce injuries, as far as musculoskeletal disorder, repetitive strain injuries and other related problems are concerned. The present work can be quite useful for the system designers of tomorrow.
Keywords: ANOVA, Laptops, Force applied, Motor action time, Response time, Abduction angle.
Keywords - Curve Video text;Gaussian Filter;Gray level Co-occurrence matrix;Round scan Method.

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Imtiaz Ali Khan, Adil A, Khan S, and Imadullah S, "Ergonomic Evaluation of the Angle of Abduction in Laptops Environment"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Indonesia has renewable energy source very large, as biomass. Installed capacity power plants of Indonesia now 53,585 MW, where the potential energy biomass is the largest of renewable sources of energy that owned by Indonesia. The machine of gasification is designed to produce combustible gas (CO, H₂, CH₄). These combustible gas are produced to replace fossil fuel as engine fuel to generate electricity. However, the properties and characteristics of these combustible gas should meet the characteristic of the engine as every engine has its own specific characteristic. In this research, Biomass Power Generation (BPG) which work more properly with CO was used. High level of tar contained in produced combustible gas contaminates the engine filter rapidly. Therefore, the machine cannot be operated at a longer time. The objective of this research was to study the potential application of downdraft gasification machine with high content of CO and low production of tar. Downdraft gasification machine which designed in this research had installed capacity as much as 50 kW with reactor diameter and height were 900 mm and 1000 mm, respectively. The testing result showed that power generated from this machine was 40 kW, efficiency 80 % and can be operated for 6 hours. The optimum combustible gas produced by this machine occurred at CO, H₂ and CH₄ content were 21.75 %, 13.12 % and 1.12 %, respectively. Besides of using active carbon, tar removal was carried out using dust trap system (wet scrubber). The potential reduction of value of greenhouse gases emission is about 37 until 67 %. Based on an analysis calculation of financial , a test performance of gasification, and analysis of environmental impact, the use of system gasification can be used on a system a power plant in the isolated area from national electricity company in Indonesia.
Keywords - Downdraft gasification, Biomass Power Generation, electricity, combustible gas, GHG emission

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Kiman Siregar, Sholihati, Syafriandi, "The Potential Application of Gasification for Biomass Power Generation in Isolated Area from National Electricity Company in Indonesia"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a plant compound derived from glucosinolates, found in cruciferous vegetables. Researchers have indicated that I3C shows great promise as a cancer preventative and hormone-balancing agent. HyperChem 7.5 software was used for quantum mechanical calculations. The geometry optimization was carried out using Ab Initio method. QSAR parameters were generated with semi empirical single point AM1 method. The HOMO and LUMO frontier orbital energies were also computed. Conformational analysis and geometry optimization of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was performed according to the Hartree-Fock (HF) calculation method by ArgusLab 4.0.1 software .The minimum heat of formation is calculated by geometry convergence function by ArgusLab software. PM3 semi empirical quantum mechanical calculations were carried out on structure of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) to obtain the geometries, geometric parameters and thermodynamic parameters. The HOMO and LUMO frontier orbital energies were also computed for the optimized molecule. Electron density surface of IDOX is determined using PM3 geometry with PM3 wavefunciton.
Keywords: I3C, Hyperchem 7.5 Software, QSAR, Argus Lab 4.0.1, conformational analysis, geometry optimization, HOMO, LUMO

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K. Laxmi, "A Hypothetical Study on Structural aspects of Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) by Hyperchem and Arguslab 4 software"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The solid particle erosion behaviour of fiber and particulate filled polymer composites has been reviewed. An overview of the problem of solid particle erosion was given with respect to the processes and modes during erosion with focus on polymer matrix composites. The new aspects in the experimental studies of erosion of fiber and particulate filled polymer composites were emphasized in this paper. Various predictions and models proposed to describe the erosion rate were listed and their suitability was mentioned. Implementation of design of experiments and statistical techniques in analyzing the erosion behaviour of composites was discussed. Recent findings on erosion response of multi-component hybrid composites were also presented. Recommendations were given on how to solve some open questions related to the structureerosion resistance relationships for polymers and polymer based hybrid composites.
Keywords: Solid particle erosion, Polymer matrix composites, Fiber, Hybrid, Taguchi method, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

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Yogesh M, Dr. Hari Rao A N, "Solid Particle Erosion response of fiber and particulate filled polymer based hybrid composites: A review"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Artificial roughness is an efficient way for increasing the heat transfer rate in solar air heater with the corresponding improvement in its thermal performance. A viscous sub-layer is responsible for the low heat transfer coefficient between absorber plate and flowing air. Repeated ribs in form of artificial roughness are an effective way to increase the heat transfer rate and improving the performance of solar air heater. Artificial roughness of the absorber plate is much economical and effective way to improve the thermal performance of solar air heater. Several investigators have done various investigations to improve heat transfer coefficient with little penalty of friction factor. They have also developed different correlation for heat transfer coefficient and friction factor. The correlations developed for heat transfer and friction factor by various investigators have been reviewed and presented.
Keywords: Solar air heater, Absorber plate, Artificial roughness, Review

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Alok Kumar Rohit, A.M. Lanjewar, "Assessment of Performance Characteristic of Solar Air Heater with Assorted Geometries - A Review" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Water saturation is the ratio between the volumes of fluid in the rock pores. Water saturation is one of the important reservoir parameters to be known in the exploration or exploitation of oil and gas. I have developed a new technique to estimate the distribution of water saturation values based on the seismic wave attenuation analysis, frequency and porosity from the equation of Biot-Turgut-Yamamoto-Sismanto. It is applied to the real data using the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data in Pasir Cantang well, West Java for some layers. The obtained values of water saturation have not been calibrated to the known value of the well. This step needs to be done, so that the results that have been corrected can be performed to estimate the area around the well Pasir Cantang guided by seismic section. Regardless of the calibration factor, the method of the water saturation estimation on VSP data can technically be well done but still needs necessary calibration for the accuracy.
Keywords - Water saturation estimation, Biot-Turgut-Yamamoto-Sismanto, Pasir Cantang.

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Sismanto, "A New Approximation of Water Saturation Estimation Based on Vertical Seismic Profiling Data"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the large of reduction capacity of chromium metals and cadmium in the soil compost media and absorption capacity of chrome and cadmium in phytoremediation process of vetiver; to compare the reduction-absorption capacities of chromium and cadmium metals in phytoremediation process of vetiver (Vetivera zizanioides). The study was carried out for 2 months with a range of sampling every 7 days, and then analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contaminants used as artificial contaminants containing heavy metals chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). This study is an experimental research includes two variables. First, the variations of Cr concentrations used were 400 ppm, 600 ppm and 800 ppm and Cd concentrations used were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 800 ppm. Secondly, the variations of total plant are 3, 6, and 9 plant. The period of observation is made every week. Planting media used is compost soil with compost and clay composition of 20%, 30% and 40%. The results of study showed that there are a significant relationship between the reduction capacity of Cr and Cd of compost soil and the absorption capacity of Cr and Cd for vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The higher of Cr and Cd decreases in soil followed by increased levels of Cr and Cd in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The capacity of Cr reduction varies between 57% - 86% and Cd 36% - 64% where as the absorption capacity of vetiver on Cr between 38% - 75% and Cd between 34%-74%. The capacity of reduction-absorption of Cr is relatively higher than Cd in phytoremediation process of vetiver.
Keywords: Pollution, Chromium and Cadmium, Phytoremediation, Absorption, Reduction, Vetiver

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Ahamad Zubair, Mary Selintung, Lawalena Samang and Hanapi Usman, "Absorption Reduction Capacity with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminants of Vetiver Phytoremediation Process on Compost Soil"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This work focuses on the study of the chemical reactivity of an advanced oxidation process (AOP), called the plasma technique, in order to prevent industrial effluent from pollution and better cope to several damage of environment. The oxidizing and acidifying properties of an electric discharge of the gliding arc plasma and its application to a target which is a real effluent (wastewater from Brasseries du Cameroun -Bafoussam plant) fascinated this study. Samples were collected from the central collecting point (CCP) of the effluent. The collected effluent samples were analyzed by volumetric and instrumental methods, and then exposed to the gliding discharge during specific time periods of 3-60 min to exhibit the desired decontamination effects. At the end of 60 min of exposure time to the discharge, 52.22% and 50.19% obtained respectively to abatement of turbidity and rate of fall in absorbance. This reduction can be explained by the fact that the coloured compounds were degraded and this degradation gave rise to the transparent appearance observed. After stopping the discharge process, the abatement percentage of BOD₅, COD and TOC, were obtained at the same time (60min) with values of 52.05%, 68.63% and 69.37% respectively. These results reflect the considerable reduction of the pollution load of the wastewaters collected from CCP of the brewery. These results showed that the effectiveness of the gliding arc plasma depends not only on the physico-chemical parameters of the target, but also on the exposure time and concluded that the non-thermal plasma process alone provides good reduction of organic pollutants in wastewater. Moreover, the phenomenon of post- discharge, even though not studied in details demonstrated that, after switching the discharge, the evolution of parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and TDS increase.
Keywords: gliding arc plasma, Industrial wastewater, pollution, abatement, post-discharge.

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Estella T. Njoyim, Yves T. Djoko, Julius Ghogomu, Serge A. Djepang, Samuel Laminsi, "Plasma-chemical treatment of industrial wastewaters from brewery "Brasseries du Cameroun", Bafoussam factory"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Nowadays, the composite decks are very common to use in composite or steel construction. In this case of study the composite slabs have been investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). Five composite slabs were analyzed using finite element software LUSAS. The deflection of each model were obtained and compared with experimental test. Results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and indicate that the perfobond rib is appropriate shear connector for the bridges decks.
Keywords - Composite Slab Deck, Deflection, Finite Element (FE) Analysis, Interface, LUSAS

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Omid Monshi Toussi, Payam Sarir, "Finite Element Analysis of Composite Deck Slab Using Perfobond Rib as Shear Connection System under Vertical Loading" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Modern manufacturing systems are constantly increasing in complexity and become more agile in nature such system has become more crucial to check feasibility of machine scheduling and sequencing because effective scheduling and sequencing can yield increase in productivity due to maximum utilization of available resources but when number of machine increases traditional scheduling methods e.g. Johnson‟s ,rule is becomes in effective Due to the limitations involved in exhaustive enumeration, for such problems meta-heuristics has become greater choice for solving NP hard problems because of their multi solution and strong neighbourhood search capability in a reasonable time.
Keywords - Manufacturing systems, Meta-heuristics, productivity

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Sarfaraz ahmad, Ashok kumar jha, "A case study on Machine scheduling and sequencing using Meta heuristicsl"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas. ssp. elaeagnifolia is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases in Turkey. The leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia are a rich source of arbutin, which is a naturally occurring derivative of hydroquinone. It is found in various plant species belonging to diverse families, such as Lamiaceae, Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae and Rosaceae. It inhibits tyrosinase and has been employed as a cosmetic skin whitening agent. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Box Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the condition for extraction of arbutin from the leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia. Three influencing factors; methanol concentration, period of ultrasoundassisted extraction and extraction temperature were investigated in the ultrasonic aqueous extraction. The Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the extraction process focused on arbutin content with respect to the above influencing factors. The best combination of each significant factor was determined by RSM design and optimum pretreatment conditions for maximum arbutin content were established to be methanol concentration of 48.54 %, extraction time of 39.32 min. And extraction temperature of 43.71 0C. Under these conditions 5.37 % of arbutin content was observed experimentally, similar to the theoretical prediction of 5.30 %.
Keywords - Arbutin, Extraction, Optimization, Pyrus elaeagnifolia ssp. elaeagnifolia, RSM.

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Mehtap DONMEZ SAHIN, Ibrahim BULDUK, "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Arbutin from Leaves of Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pallas ssp. elaeagnifolia (Rosaceae) by Response Surface Methodology"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The built environment is becoming more complex in terms of its quality and structure. In such circumstances architectural education pedagogical strategies has to be modified to address social, political, economical and environmental issues and challenges. Innovative interdisciplinary strategies in architecture education have to be organized in a way which leads to better architecture and urban environments. Pure theoretical approaches are to be related to practice which can be done with pedagogy comprising real-life examples in respect to new models and collaboration between architecture education and non-academic partners. This paper discusses the status of current architectural education in India.It examine the student‟s perception regarding teaching and learning in schools of architecture from the state of Maharashtra It is aimed to highlight the need for paradigm shift in pedagogy in schools imparting architectural education in India to enhance learning in architecture education.
Keywords: Pedagogy, learning, perception, lecture, visual.

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Ar. Mahendra H. Sonawane, Dr. Vasudha A. Gokhale, "A Critical View on Pedagogical Dimension of Architectural Education in India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control. To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Keywords- Variable Frequency Drive, Programmable Logic Controller, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Incremental rotary encoder, Simatic manager software V5.5, WINCC explorer software V7.2

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Ayman Seksak Elsaid, Wael A. Mohamed, Salah Ghazy Ramadan, "Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Luminescence life time measurements of the Nd³⁺ ions in the 6-FDA/UVR and Al₂o₃ hosts were performed using a Laser diode emitting at 800nm as the excitation source. Optical losses in both materials have been studied and compared absorption bands of Nd³⁺ have been observed at 580nm ,745nm, 800nm and 870nm . Based on which Judd- ofelt analysis has been applied to study the transition properties of Nd³⁺ ions in the two hosts. Photoluminescence spectra of Nd³⁺ have been experimentally studied and emission around 880nm, 1060nm and 1330nm is observed, which indicates that Nd³⁺ ions are active in these two hosts.
Keywords:- luminescence life time, Excitation source, Laser diode, Optical loss, Photoluminescence, absorption bands etc

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Dr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. R.K. Seth, Er. Janak Chand, "Study of Measurement of luminescence life time of the Nd3+ ions in the 6-FDA/UVR and Al2o3 hosts"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

"Alert System for High Speed Vehicles to Avoid Wildlife Accidents" is an alert system used to safeguard our wildlife. We often hear of various accidents of wild animals like elephant, nilgai etc., who are trying to cross the railway track. So, an intelligent electronics system is necessary which can be affixed to avoid the possibilities of accidents. Regarding this, in our project we are using a Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) which is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view and switches ON any electrical/electronic device to which it is connected to. The key component of the sensor module is the pyroelectric element. All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it is radiated at infrared wavelengths, but it is detected by this PIR sensor. This sensor does not radiate any energy for detection purposes and thus, it has no harmful effects on living beings. In our project the PIR sensor is used as a part of a burglar alarm and the electronic in the PIR typically control a small relay. This relay completes the circuit across a pair of electrical contacts connected to a detection input zone of the burglar alarm control panel. The system is usually designed such that if no living creature is being detected, the relay contact is closed- a "normally closed‟ (NC) relay. If energy emitted from any nearby creature is detected, the relay opens, triggering the alarm, a signal will be directly sent to the driver‟s chamber and it will create a message in the LED screen of his chamber also an alarm will be heard which we have implemented using an ultrasonic sensor hc-sr04.
Keywords - Arduino UNO, Buzzer, GSM SIM 300, PIR Sensor, SMS, Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor

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Rana Biswas, Aashijit Mukhopadhyay, Naved Ahmed Tagala, Christina Marissa Mehta, Somrita Banerjee, Sanjukta Das, Barsha Mandal, "Alert System for High Speed Vehicles to Avoid Wildlife Accidents"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Satisfaction refers to the level of fulfillment of one needs, wants and desire. Satisfaction dependsbasicallyuponwhatanindividual wants from the world, and what he gets. Employee satisfaction is a measure of how happy workers are with their job and working environment and may be many factors affecting the organizational effectiveness and one of them is the employee satisfaction. Effective organizations should have a culture that encourages the employee satisfaction. Many measures support that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement and positive employee morale in the work place. So the present study to explain the relationship between employee satisfaction and its determinants by using statistical tools.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Factors, Needs, Measures, satisfaction.

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N.Silpa, Dr. P. ChittiBabu, "A Study on Relationship between Employee Satisfaction and Its Determinants"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study investigates the deflection and stress distribution in a long, slender cantilever beam of uniform rectangular cross section made of linear elastic material properties that are homogeneous and isotropic. The deflection of a cantilever beam is essentially a three dimensional problem. An elastic stretching in one direction is accompanied by a compression in perpendicular directions. The beam is modeled under the action of three different loading conditions: vertical concentrated load applied at the free end, uniformly distributed load and uniformly varying load which runs over the whole span. The weight of the beam is assumed to be negligible. It is also assumed that the beam is inextensible and so the strains are also negligible. Considering this assumptions at first using the Bernoulli-Euler's bendingmoment curvature relationship, the approximate solutions of the cantilever beam was obtained from the general set of equations. Then assuming a particular set of dimensions, the deflection and stress values of the beam are calculated analytically. Finite element analysis of the beam was done considering various types of elements under different loading conditions in ANSYS 14.5. The various numerical results were generated at different nodal points by taking the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system at the fixed end of the beam. The nodal solutions were analyzed and compared. On comparing the computational and analytical solutions it was found that for stresses the 8 node brick element gives the most consistent results and the variation with the analytical results is minimum.
Keywords: Cantilever, loading, ANSYS, element, Cartesian Coordinate System.

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Ashis Kumar Samal, T. Eswara Rao, "Analysis of Stress and Deflection of Cantilever Beam and its Validation Using ANSYS"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Recent advances in video capturing and display technologies, along with the exponentially increasing demand of video services, challenge the video coding research community to design new algorithms able to significantly improve the compression performance of the current H.264/AVC standard. This target is currently gaining evidence with the standardization activities in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) project. The distortion models used in HEVC are mean squared error (MSE) and sum of absolute difference (SAD). However, they are widely criticized for not correlating well with perceptual image quality. The structural similarity (SSIM) index has been found to be a good indicator of perceived image quality. Meanwhile, it is computationally simple compared with other state-of-the-art perceptual quality measures and has a number of desirable mathematical properties for optimization tasks. We propose a perceptual video coding method to improve upon the current HEVC based on an SSIM-inspired divisive normalization scheme as an attempt to transform the DCT domain frame prediction residuals to a perceptually uniform space before encoding. Based on the residual divisive normalization process, we define a distortion model for mode selection and show that such a divisive normalization strategy largely simplifies the subsequent perceptual rate-distortion optimization procedure. We further adjust the divisive normalization factors based on local content of the video frame. Experiments show that the scheme can achieve significant gain in terms of rate-SSIM performance and better visual quality when compared with HEVC.
Index Terms— SSIM index, Normalization factor, perceptual video coding, rate distortion optimization, residual divisive normalization, H.264/AVC coding

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R.Preethi, S.Igni Sabasti Prabu, "A Novel Approaches For Chromatic Squander Less Visceral Coding Techniques Using Maneuver Stabilization" Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The consumption of energy in the buildings is increasing as the development is taking at a very fast rate. No evidence is now required to prove that the present climate changes are directly linked to the human activities and also the concerns regarding exploitation of the fossil fuel have reached a level where the negative effect are having impact on the life of a common man. Passive Architecture involves blending conventional architectural principles with solar & wind energy and the inherent properties of building materials to ensure that the interiors remain warm in winter and cool in summer, thus creating a yearround comfortable environment. Various solar passive techniques have been studied in detail so that the undesirable impact in hot and dry climate could be mitigated. It is concluded that with the application of these techniques the building could be made comfortable with comparatively less use of energy.
Keywords: sustainable design, orientation, building envelop, massive structure, courtyards, solar chimney, evaporative cooling, air tunnels, air flow.

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Rajesh Sharma, "Sustainable Buildings In Hot And Dry Climate Of India"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper we proposed a face detection method based on feature selection and feature optimization. Now in current research trend of biometric security used the process of feature optimization for better improvement of face detection technique. Basically our face consists of three types of feature such as skin color, texture and shape and size of face. The most important feature of face is skin color and texture of face. In this detection technique used texture feature of face image. For the texture extraction of image face used partial feature extraction function, these function is most promising shape feature analysis. For the selection of feature and optimization of feature used multi-objective TLBO. TLBO algorithm is population based searching technique and defines two constraints function for the process of selection and optimization. The proposed algorithm of face detection based on feature selection and feature optimization process. Initially used face image data base and passes through partial feature extractor function and these transform function gives a texture feature of face image. For the evaluation of performance our proposed algorithm implemented in MATLAB 7.8.0 software and face image used provided by Google face image database. For numerical analysis of result used hit and miss ratio. Our empirical evaluation of result shows better prediction result in compression of PIFR method of face detection.
Keywords - Feature extraction, Face recognition system, pattern recognition, TLBO

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Kapil Verma, Akash Mittal, Yogendra Kumar Jain, "A Hybrid method of face detection based on Feature Extraction using PIFR and Feature Optimization using TLBO"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The aim this research paper was to evaluate the phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activities of ethanolic extract of plants like Toddalia asiatica, Polygala arillata, Debregeasia longifolia. The main secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavnoids, Tannins and Saponin have been evaluated among the plants analysed. The antioxidant potential of ethenolic extract of T. asiatica, P. arillata and D. longifolia leaf and stem using tests involving inhibition of lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radicals, Superoxide anions and 1, 1-diphenyl 2- picrl – hydrazyl free radical (DDPH). The present study revealed that ethanolic extract of Leaf and stem of T. asiatica, P. arillata and D. longifolia are the potential sources of natural antioxidants that could be of greater importance in folkloric medicines.
Key words: Phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity, Toddalia asiatica, Polygala arillata, Debregeasia longifolia

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Radhamani.T and S. John Britto, "Screening of Preliminary Phytochemicals and Their Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Toddalia Asiatica (L.) Lam., Debregeasia Longifolia (Burm.F.) Wedd. And Polygala Arillata Buch.-Ham Ex Don"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

With the traditional fund management and vote bank analysis, it was difficult to manage and analyze the details of fund collection and vote bank where all the records and relevant details were maintained at manual level, which is always a troublesome process. To overcome these problems, an online web application is being developed which provide the means of maintaining the funds gathered, Analyzing vote bank generated, Analysis of area wise grievances and providing data security using encryption algorithms like Advanced Encryption standard enabling two step verification mechanisms such as legitimate user authentication and secured access to data. Also various reports will be generated depicting graphical assessment of information gathered.
Keywords - Registration and Fund donations, Data Security, Report Generation

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Ashwin Shinde, Sumedha Chokhandre, Ketki Khante, Chandrashekhar Gode, "Online Votes and Fund analysis for political parties with Data Security"Vol. 6 - Issue 1 (January - 2016), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com