Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

This paper develops a modification to hydraulic damper to utilize its energy lose in the form of heat. During the working of actual hydraulic damper, when the suspension fluid is compressed inside the damper cylinder in order to absorb the vibration shocks,the frictional energy of the vehicle is dissipated as heat loss by the suspension fluid in order to minimise the effect of bumps and ridges in road. So in order to harness this power loss, we have developed an energy saving hydraulic damper by modifying the existing model of hydraulic damper.We create a separate flow path with rotating turbine parallel to the damping cylinder connecting the upper and lower end of damper. When the vehicle travels down from a bump, the coil spring compresses forcing the piston to push the suspension fluid upwards and this high pressure fluid travels through the flow path rotating the turbine which in turn runs the generator for power generation. A check valve is provided at the flow path end to prevent the fluid back flow.Thus the suspension fluid kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of the turbine.
KeyWords: Vibrational energy, damping cylinder, backflow, hydraulic damper.

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R.Keshor Kumar, T.Dharun Velmani, "Enegy Regenaration in a Hydraulic Damper by Turbo Generator Flowpath Mechanism" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The work presented here is a study to examine the improvement in bearing capacity of coastal sand of Trivandrum, Kerala, India using high density polyethylene (HDPE) /woven fabric as reinforcement in discrete layers. The bearing capacity was evaluated using plate load test. The effect of reinforcement configurations like sheet reinforcement (sanded with adhesive, with adhesive and sheet alone) and strip reinforcement (single and grid pattern) are investigated. The test parameters chosen for the present study are, depth of topmost layer of reinforcement layer below footing, compacted density and number of layers of reinforcement etc. From the tests, it has been observed that sheet reinforcement is more effective than sheet sanded with adhesive and strip reinforcements. It is found that the synthetic adhesive gives no binding action at the interface of the reinforcement and soil. But it is to be noted that the sheet with adhesive dried has a marked influence on the bearing capacity especially at lower densities. The strip reinforcements in single pattern is considered to be a favorable choice for minimum reinforcement. The strip reinforcement in single or grid pattern gives sufficient improvement in strength.
Keywords: Bearing Capacity, Reinforce Earth, Plate Load Test, River Sand, Geotextiles, HDPE, Strength Improvement, Bearing Capacity Ratio.

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Er. Aly K, Prof. Stephen Joseph Nigli, Dr. Antony Balan, "Bearing Capacity of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Reinforced Sand Using Plate Load Test" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Evolving swings from social streams is receiving renewed interest and it is motivated by the growth of social media and social streams. Non-conventional based approaches can be appropriate which include text, images, URLs and videos. The focus is on evolving topics by social aspects of the networks and the mentions of user links between users which are generated intentionally or unintentionally through replies, mentions and retweets. A probability model of the mentioning behavior is proposed and the proposed model detects the evolving topic from the anomalies measured. After a several experiments, it shows that mention anomaly based approaches detects the evolving swing as early as text anomaly based approaches.
Index Terms: burst detection, SDNML, social networks, Swing detection.

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Shweta.G.Hiremath, Anand.S.Pashupatimath, "Evolving Swings (topics) from Social Streams using Probability Model" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) signals are commonly defined as signals that have a large relative bandwidth (bandwidth divided by the carrier frequency) or a large absolute bandwidth. Typical indoor environments contain multiple walls and obstacles consisting of different materials. The RF ultra wideband (UWB) system is a promising technology for indoor localisation owing to its high bandwidth that permits mitigation of the multipath identification problem. The work proposed in this paper identifies exact position of transmitter and receiver wireless nodes, calculates free space path loss and distance between two nodes by considering frequency bandwidth using 2-point and 3-point Gaussian filter. Also in the paper three types of indoor radio propagation models are analyzed at ultra wideband frequency range and results are compared to select best suitable model for setting up indoor wireless connectivity and nodes in typical office, business and college environments and WPAN applications.
Keywords: FSPL Gaussian, Path loss exponent, LOS, NLOS, ROI, RSS, WPAN.

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Mr. Kartik Ramesh Patel, Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, "Indoor Radio Propagation Model Analysis Wireless Node Distance and Free Space Path Loss Measurements and Using Ultra-wideband (UWB) Technology" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper describes the effect of injection timing in diesel combustion. Ansys Fluent a computational fluid dynamics tool is used to study the combustion of diesel with three different injection timing. The fuel is injected before TDC, at TDC and after TDC. The parameters such as temperature, pressure, velocity, density, soot and NOx emission are compared. The specie transport model is used for modelling the combustion. Standard k-e (2 equ) is used for modelling the turbulence. The analysis is carried out by only considering the compression and expansion strokes. The pressure reaches the maximum when the fuel is injected before TDC and the maximum temperature is when injected at TDC. The NOx emission is less when the fuel is injected at TDC and the soot formation is when fuel injected before TDC.
Keywords: TDC, Combustion, Fuel Injection, Emission, CFD

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E B Muhammed shafi, Mathew Varghese T, Dr.T C Mohankumar, "CFD Analysis on the Effect of Injection Timing for Diesel Combustion and Emission" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

With more and more people joining different online social networking (OSN) services every day, the archives of the OSN service providers are increasing drastically. This great amount of personal information is then shared by the service providers with different third parties, which raises a serious concern in preserving privacy of the individuals. For the last few years many work have been done to innovate new techniques, called anonyization techniques, to protect privacy in social network data publishing. In this paper we briefly discuss and categorize vertex and label anonymization techniques which prevent disclosure of individual identities and sensitive information about those identities. We also categorize attributes, attacks and privacy breaches in online social networks.
Keyword— automorphism, equivalence class, isomorphism, k-anonymization, social network graph.

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Papri Mani, Munmun Bhattacharya, "A Brief Survey on Vertex and Label Anonymization Techniques of Online Social Network Data" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study examines the performance of reinforcements of 100 tex hemp yarns and hybrid yarns reinforcements with same hemp yarns and glass fibres' (136 Tex) in warp direction (25 % or 50 %) interwoven with hemp yarns. The industrial loom CTБ-175 and craftsman's loom, plain weaving technique for production of reinforcements with surface density in range of 91-246 g/m2 were used in the production. Tensile strength of hemp reinforcement on warp direction is 241.7N-279.8N and tensile modulus 218.48MPa-271.24MPa.The measurement of fabric thickness and physical-mechanical properties of reinforcements were carried out according to ISO 5084:1996 and LVS EN ISO 13934-1-2001 standards. One and two layer composites of woven reinforcements of hemp and polypropylene yarns were produced with Laboratory Press LP_S_50/SASTM. The surface density of one layer composite is 311.2 g/m2 and 608.4 g/m2 of two layers composite. The tensile strength of same composites is 303.1N and 599.5N, the tensile stress is 35.66 MPa and 40.65 MPa. The elastic modulus of one layer composites is 908.2 MPa and 1152.5MPa for two layers composite. The mechanical properties of composites were established according to ISO 527-5:2009 standard.
Keyword— hemp yarn, glass fibers, polypropylene yarns, woven reinforcement, composites.

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Maris Manins, Aina Bernava, Guntis Strazds, "Study of Performance of Hybrid yarns (Hemp/ Polypropylene/ Glass) Woven Reinforcements" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

The optimum combination of process parameters - temperature, time of reduction under nitrogen atmosphere and amount of NiCl2 was delineated to find the maximum yield of nanocrystallite Ni in the synthesized silica gel matrix. A statistically adequate regression equation, within 95% confidence limit was developed by carrying out a set of experiments within the framework of design of experiment. The regression equation is found to indicate the beneficial role of the temperature and time of reduction.
Keywords: Sol-gel, Ni, Design of experiments, Nanocrystallite.

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A.K.Pramanick, "Statistical Optimization of process parameters for SiO2-Nickel nanocomposites by in-situ reduction" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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Abstract:

In this work we want to show that the mathematical model of quantum mechanics, led to its classical approach, is able to reproduce as close macroscopic experimental results captured by the Manning formula, sufficiently verified through their diverse applications in hydraulics. Molecular interaction between the fluid and the wall of the vessel is studied decomposing the Hamiltonian in two parts: free, and interacting. Scaling process is considered from molecular to hydraulic. Participation of the symmetries of Saint-Venant equation in the hydraulic gradient is taken into account. Correlations between different variables are set. The magnitude of scale change is estimated. We conclude that the Compton wavelength induces to the Boussinesq viscosity concept and the characteristic length of the viscous sublayer.
Keywords - Dipolar interaction, Manning formula, Navier-Stokes fractional equation, Compton wavelength, Compton wavelength

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J. Roberto Mercado-Escalante, Pedro A. Guido-Aldana, Waldo Ojeda-Bustamante, Jorge Sánchez-Sesma, "Dipolar interaction and the Manning formula" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

With the increasing demands of high surface finish and machining of complex shape geometries, conventional machining process are now being replaced by non-traditional machining processes. Wire EDM is one of the non-traditional machining processes which is based on Electrical Discharge Machining Process, which is also called electro-erosion machining process. When the gap voltage is sufficiently large (i.e. reaches the breakdown voltage of dielectric fluid), high power spark is produced, which increase the temperature about 10,000 degrees Celsius. By this way the metal is removed from the work piece. The selection of optimum machining parameters in WEDM is an important increasing productivity. As Material Removal Rate (MRR) is most important response in WEDM; various investigations have been carried out by several researchers for improving the MRR . In this paper, the Taguchi method has been extensively adopted in manufacturing to improve processes with single performance characteristic to achieve higher Material Removal Rate.
Keywords – WEDM, Taguchi, Anova, S/N, MRR

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Dipti Ranjan Patra, Ivan Sunit Rout, Manabhanjan Sahoo, "Optimization of WEDM parameters using Taguchi method for higher material removal rate on EN31 steel" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

In this paper a computational aerodynamic prediction to support the aeromechanical integration of an advanced reconnaissance pod on a 5th generation fighter type aircraft is presented. The aim of the activity was to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the new pod to a previous one already cleared on the same aircraft fleet, given verified inertial and structural similarity. Verifying the aforementioned aerodynamic similarity without involving extensive flight test activity was a must, to save time and to reduce costs. A two steps approach was required by the Certification Authority to verify, initially, the performance data compatibility in terms of aerodynamic coefficients of the old pod with the new one, in order to allow performance flight manual data interchangeability (a quantitative comparison was required); afterwards, a qualitative assessment was conducted to verify the absence of unsteadiness induced by the introduction in the external structure of the new pod of an auxiliary antenna case. Computational results are presented both for Straight and Level Un-accelerated Flight and Steady-Sideslip flight conditions at different Angles of Attack.
Keywords – Computational Fluid Dynamics, Envelope Expansion, Flight Test, Store Integration, Modeling and SimulationKeywords – Computational Fluid Dynamics, Envelope Expansion, Flight Test, Store Integration, Modeling and Simulation

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De Paolis P., d'Argenio A., Greco G.L., Covioli J., de Nicola C., "Computational Aerodynamic Prediction for Integration of an Advanced Reconnaissance Pod on a 5th Generation Fighter Type Aircraft" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

The current work investigates the effects of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fiber. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 0.75M to 1.5M, treatment temperature from 80°C to 110°C and treatment time from 60 to 180 minutes. The fibers exhibited a continuous strain hardening on loading, the rate of which decreased with increasing NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. An increase in NaOH concentration at constant treatment time and temperature had a degrading effect on the fiber's breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Similarly, an increase in treatment time at a constant NaOH concentration and treatment temperature, reduced fiber's breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Degumming of banana fibers at a NaOH concentration of 1M at 90°C for 90 minutes gave a good compromise between breaking tenacity and breaking extension.
Keyword— Banana fiber, Delignification, Degumming, Mechanical properties, Hydrolysis.

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David N Githinji, Dennis O Bichang'a, John T Githaiga, Diana S Madara, "Effect of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fibers" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Water is a prime requirement for all the living and non-living processes. On the earth, 71% is water but the availability of useable fresh water for drinking and other purposes is about 2.8%. Out of this 2.8 % fresh water, the share of groundwater is only 0.6% that makes it more pertinent to conservation, preservation, and management. The urbanization, industrialization, and intensive agricultural practices have put further pressure on the available fresh water. The modern techniques like space technology, GIS and GPS have great utility in mapping, monitoring, planning and management of water resources. The temporal satellite data in different spectral bands and on different spatial resolutions make the remote sensing satellite data highly useful for mapping and monitoring of an area. The geographical information system (GIS) has the capability to store, retrieve, edit and represent the data in informative way. The global positioning system (GPS) gives the real time geo-coordinates, path and altitude of desired object or terrain. Thus, the geoinformatics have huge potential for solving the problems of groundwater availability and quality, and there is a need to harness the potential of these techniques for societal benefits to provide water everyone.
Keyword— Geoinformatics, groundwater, prospects, satellite data, quality.

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Rajvir Singh, Anup Kumar, S.K. Chakarvarti, "Geoinformatics Approach for Groundwater Prospects and Quality Studies - A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Metakaolin is a cementitious materials used as an admixture to produce high strength concrete and is used for maintaining the consistency of concrete. In the case where insufficient or poor curing concrete structure like the underground structure which undergo serve loss of compressive strength, use of metakaolin proves to be very useful to modify the properties of concrete. This paper deals with the properties of concrete with varying percentage replacement of metakaolin in M-25 greade of concrete. The mix M1,M2,M3 and M4 were obtained by replacing 0,5,10 and 15 percent mass of cement by Metakaolin. The test results indicated that admixture metakaolin when used at optimum quantity tend to increase the strength of the concrete mix when compared with conventional concrete.
Keyword— Metakaolin, Compressive Strength, OPC.

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Satyendra Dubey, Rajiv Chandak, R.K. Yadav, "Effect of Metakaolin on Compressive Strength of Concrete" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation studies have been carried out on amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ (S1) and Fe₆₇Co₁₈B₁₄Si₁ (S2) alloys using Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MS), Electrical Resistivity (ER), Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC), X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) to determine the thermal stability. Results show that the transformation to an equilibrium crystalline state occurs through a two step process. Crystallization process is associated with precipitation of two or more phases which are magnetic in nature. From DSC curves, the activation energy of sample S2 has been calculated using Kissinger, Matusita-Sakka and Augis-Bennet methods and the average value is found to be 211 kJ/mol. The detected phases upon crystallization in the samples are α–(Fe-Co) and (Fe-Co)₂B. Exact compositions of these phases in the completely crystallized sample are found to be α–(Fe_0.7Co_0.3) and (Fe_0.3Co_0.7)₂B.
Keyword— Crystallization, Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Electrical Resistivity, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Activation Energy, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy.

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B. Bhanu Prasad, "Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation in amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ and Fe₆₇Co₁₈B₁₄Si₁ alloys" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×