Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Aco is a well –known metahuristic in which a colony of artificial ants cooperates in explain Good solution to a combinational optimization problem. Wireless sensor consisting of nodes with limited power is deployed to gather useful information From the field. In wireless sensor network it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient Manner.ant colony optimization, a swarm intelligence based optimization technique, is widely used In network routing. A novel routing approach using an ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor Network consisting of stable nodes illustrative example details description and cooperative performance test result the proposed approach are included. The approach is also implementing to a small sized hardware component as a router chip simulation result show that proposed algorithm Provides promising solution allowing node designers to efficiency operate routing tasks.
Parameters Used: Threshold Value (Load on Node), Noise Variance, Request TimeoutBackoff Attempt, Slot Time, Turnaround Time, MaxRetries.

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Minakshi, Monika Bansal, "An Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the broken link problem in wireless sensor network.-A Review" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

With the development of highway, soft soil roadbed treatment has become more and more important。If mishandled, it often can cause problem such as roadbed instability or excessive settlement, this paper surrounding soft soil subgrade problems made a simple introduction.
Keywords: Soft soil subgrade treatment.

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Liting Cheng, Xiaoxia Zhai, "Highway soft soil subgrade treatment research" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of the modern structure of concrete performance, the composition of modern concrete produced bigger change, this inevitably made an impact on the other properties of concrete. Especially the change of cement fineness and composition, a large number of add mineral admixtures, and the widespread use of high efficiency water reducing agent, has a great influence on the early performance of concrete, especially on the early shrinkage performance, which affect the early cracking of concrete. By collecting and analysising relevant test result, The article summarizes the characteristics of the early performance of modern concrete and their requirements of early curing environment.
Keywords: modern concrete, early cracking of concrete, early curing environment

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Xiaoxia Zhai, "Introduction to concrete curing effect on the early performance of modern concrete" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Different from previous work that measured robustnesson its own distribution, measuringrobustnesswith a robustestimator onageneralized Gaussian distribution is introduced here. In detail, an unbiased Maximum Likelihood (ML)variance estimator and a robust variance estimatorof the Gaussian distribution with a given censoring value are applied to the generalized Gaussian distribution that represents Gaussian, Laplace, and Cauchy distributions;then, Mean Square Error (MSE)is calculated to measure robustness. Afterward, how robustness changesis shown because the actual distribution varies over the generalized Gaussian distribution.The results indicate that measuring the MSE of the systemcan be used to point out how robust the system is when the system distribution changes.
Keywords: generalized Gaussian distribution, MSE, robustness, ML estimator, robust estimator.

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Hyeon-Cheol Lee, "Measuring Robustness on Generalized Gaussian Distribution" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The geotechnical properties of sabkha soil covering most parts of the southern portion of Al-Khobar area –Saudia Arabia were determined. These soil have very low strength, low bearing capacity and high compressibility. The expected settlement is always above the recommended tolerable limits. The chemical analysis of both soil and water from sabkha flat shows a very high concentration of salts. These high concentrations of salts give rise to a very corrosive environment and therefore it is recommended to protect concrete and reinforcement by using sulphate resisting cement, pozzolanic materials, use of corrosion inhibitors and by applying suitable water proofing membranes . The properties determined during this study has a significant impact on both technical and economical values of each project and therefore, the outcome of the study is much important for planners and developers .

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Jihane Kamal M. Ali, Ibrahim Malik, Abdelazim Makki Ibrahim, "Geotechnical Properties of Sabkha Soil in the southern part of Al-Khobar city, KSA" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Widely used in manufacturing, fixtures have a direct impact upon product manufacturing quality, productivity and cost, so much attention has already been paid to the research fixture design and many achievements in this field have been reported. In this paper, a literature survey of fixture design and automation over the past decade is proposed. First, an introduction is given on the fixture applications in industry. Then, significant works done in the design field, including their approaches, requirements and working principles are discussed. Finally, some prospective research trends are also discussed.
Keyword— Fixture design, manufacturing considerations, need of automation of fixture.

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V. R.Basha, J.J. Salunke, "An Advanced Exploration on Fixture Design" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Distribution losses comprise Technical & Non-Technical losses. In this paper technical losses calculation of 11KV Kochar Urban Gohlwar, TarnTaran feeder by load power flow analysis using technical data with utility has been presented. Non technical losses of this feeder have been arrived at by subtracting technical losses from total distribution losses. As non technical losses are on higher side, new proposals for minimization of non technical losses have been suggested which include checking of technically rejected temporary tubewell connections during paddy season and seasonal factories such as rice shellers and ice factories to avoid accumulation of consumption units.
Keyword— Bus Bar, current Transformer, Distribution Transformer, Energy Meter, Power Plant, Shunt Capacitor, Transmission Line.

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Dharam Singh, Dr. Sudhir Sharma, Sh. Gagandeep Sharma, "An Approach for Measurement of Non-Technical losses of 11KV feeder and its Minimization" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Ignition of flammable liquids by hot surfaces is well known to automotive and aviation industries. However, only a limited data regarding hot surface ignition (HSI) of pure and commercial fuels is available in literature. Further, relatively few studies have determined the ignition delay and to our knowledge the combustion lifetime. In the present work, we have generated results from an efficient, reproducible, yet simple experimental setup involving a liquid fuel droplet, a horizontal heated stainless steel plate and quiescent environment. Tests were conducted for diesel, biodiesel and its blends as well as vegetable oils, applied/used as single droplets under variety of conditions to the heated surface. The droplet size range was approximately between 1500 micron to 2000 micron.
Keywords: Hot surface ignition, liquid fuel droplets, ignition delay, combustion lifetime, droplet combustion model, numerical technique, simplified approach.

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Shah Shahood Alam, "Burning Behavior of Liquid Fuel Droplets" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

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Abstract:

Much has been said and written over the years regarding green chemistry concept and use of green solvents. The green solvents can potentially replace the traditional or classical solvents in order to reduce the environment footprint or their harmful impact on human being and/or environment. Vapour-liquid equilibrium data is indispensable for the design of distillation columns for separation processes which account for a large percentage of total costs in a typical chemical plant. Though extensive approach has been made for the replacement of traditional solvents, but not enough consideration been given for vapour-liquid equilibrium data, required for designing separation processes in case of replacement with green solvents. So this paper aims at encouraging vapour-liquid equilibrium data generation for design of efficient separation for binary systems involving ethereal green solvents such as cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF). A brief review and outline of procedure for generating vapour-liquid equilibrium data is presented here.
Keywords - Green solvents, CPME, 2-MeTHF, vapour-liquid equilibrium

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V. M. Parsana, S. P. Parikh, "Need for Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data Generation of Systems Involving Green Solvents" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Cylindrical grinding is one of the most important metal cutting processes used extensively in the Metal finishing operations. Metal removal rate and surface finish are the important output responses in the production with respect to quantity and quality respectively. The objective of this paper is to arrive at the optimal grinding conditions that will maximize metal removal rate when grinding IS 319 brass. Empirical models were developed using design of experiments by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array and the adequacy of the developed model is tested with ANOVA.
Keyword— Cylindrical Grinding, IS 319 Brass, Metal Removal Rate, Taguchi Analysis, ANOVA, S/N Ratio.

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Gaurav Upadhyay, Ramprasad, Kamal Hassan, "Optimization of Metal Removal Rateon Cylindrical Grinding For Is 319 Brass Using Taguchi Method" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

With the emergence of portable computing and communication systems, power consumption has become one of the major objectives during VLSI design. Furthermore, the multiplication is an essential arithmetic operation for common DSP applications, such as filtering, convolution, fast Fourier Transform (FFT) etc. To achieve high execution speed, parallel array multipliers are widely used. These multipliers tend to consume most of the power in DSP computations, and thus power-efficient multipliers are very important for the design of low-power DSP systems. This paper presents an approach to reduce power consumption of 2's compliment multiplier design, in which switching activities are reduced through dynamic by passing of partial products.

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Abida Yousuf, Najeeb-ud-din, Ruhi Naaz Mir, "Hardware Implementation of Two's Compliment Multiplier with Partial Product by Passing Technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
Keyword— Transport Aircraft, Composite materials, Wing Optimization, Stress Analysis, MSc Nastran & Msc Patran.

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Arockia Ruban M, Kaveti Aruna, Puneet Kumar S, "Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach." Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

This paper focuses on designing an NBTI tolerant system by addressing the major reason of NBTI especially the devices that consists of SOC. To address this issue a thorough study of 5T SRAM cells has been done. This paper is based on idea of switch capacitors and the fact that only few transistors are ON at any particular time. RD model is primary and base model that us used to describe NBTI and aging degradation in this paper The proposed technique improve read power by 8% and leakage power by 12.87%
Keyword— NBTI, 5T SRAM, AGING DEGRADATION, SWITCH CAPACITOR, SNM.

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Kirti Karan, Umesh Dutta, "A Design Technique To Reduce Nbti Effects From 5t Sram Cells" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

With rapid growth of multilingual information on the Internet, Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is becoming need of the day. It helps user to query in their native language and retrieve information in any language. But the performance of CLIR is poor as compared to monolingual retrieval due to lexical ambiguity, mismatching of query terms and out-of-vocabulary words. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for improving the performance of Marathi-English CLIR system. The system first finds possible translations of input query in target language, disambiguates them and then gives English queries to search engine for relevant document retrieval. The disambiguation is based on unsupervised corpus-based method which uses English dictionary as additional resource. The experiment is performed on FIRE 2011 (Forum of Information Retrieval Evaluation) dataset using "Title" and "Description" fields as inputs. The experimental results show that proposed approach gives better performance of Marathi-English CLIR system with good precision level.
Keyword— Morphological Analyser, CLIR, Dictionary-based Approach, word sense disambiguation.

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Savita C. Mayanale, Ms. S. S. Pawar, "Marathi-English CLIR using detailed user query and unsupervised corpus-based WSD" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

The red ceramic industry in Brazil is a sector that is growing every year, characterized by the production of ceramic tiles as brick, tile, ceramic blocks, which basically uses, as main raw material, the clay. Due to the constant evolution of mechanization and production increase, plus the emergence of new companies, it is clear that processing techniques as well as technological modernization are key to achieving a higher performance segment of red ceramic process thus winning, this way, the market, about terms of competitiveness and productivity. This time, watching these aspects, the present study aims to analyze the technological landscape of the production process of the Red Ceramic Industry in Alagoas State, with regard to equipment used in the manufacturing steps, checking for the possibility of existing technological levels these industries in Alagoas in its production process, analyzing these, aiming thus conduct a study of the technological profile of the Red Ceramic Industry. The methodology will support the field research through questionnaires with entrepreneurs as well as qualitative bibliographic nature, with content analysis. Thus, the data surveys have indicated the existence of technological levels for this segment, mapping the characteristics of the productive process and its technological profile in the State of Alagoas and can verify in a few steps a possible disharmony. Therefore, by the the analysis of the data allowed the highlight of four steps to the red ceramic production process, these being the extraction of raw materials, the conformation of parts by molding and extrusion, and thermal processes through the final stages of drying and burning, considering the existence of technological levels by analyzing the study of technological profile, with regard to equipment used in the production process of state Red Ceramic Industries.
Keyword— Disharmony, equipment, technology, Production process, red ceramic.

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Bruna Pinto de Cerqueira Pedrosa de Oliveira, Luciana Peixoto Santa Rita, Eliana Maria de Oliveira Sá, Reynaldo Rubem Ferreira Júnior, "Study of The Technological Profile of The Red Ceramic Industry of Alagoas" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

The tremendous increase in the multilingual data on the internet has increased the demand for efficient retrieval of information. Urdu is one of the widely spoken and written languages of south Asia. Due to unstructured format of Urdu language information retrieval of information is a big challenge. Question Answering systems aims to retrieve point-to-point answers rather than flooding with documents. It is needed when the user gets an in depth knowledge in a particular domain. When user needs some information, it must give the relevant answer. The question-answer retrieval of ontology knowledge base provides a convenient way to obtain knowledge for use, but the natural language need to be mapped to the query statement of ontology. This paper describes a query processing system QUrdPro based on ontology. This system is a combination of NLP and Ontology. It makes use of ontology in several phases for efficient query processing. Our focus is on the knowledge derived from the concepts used in the ontology and the relationship between these concepts. In this paper we describe the architecture of QUrdPro ,query processing system for Urdu and process model for the system is also discussed in detail.
Keywords: ontology, query processing, closed domain

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"QUrdPro: Query processing system for Urdu Language" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Water scarcity is a major problem, A seawater desalination process separates saline seawater into two streams: a fresh water stream containing a low concentration of dissolved salts and a concentrated brine stream Applied desalination technologies can be divided in to three groups, thermal desalination technologies, membrane based desalination technologies, solar desalination technologies. Results show that Solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of power and water in remote regionssuch as grid-limited villages or isolated islandsthat have access to sea or brackish-water. Reverse osmosis(RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Keyword— Seawater desalination technologies; Multi-stage flash distillation desalination; Multiple-effect distillation desalination; Vapor compression distillation desalination; Reverse osmosis desalination; Solar evaporation desalination; electrodialysis.

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Yacoub Yousef Alotaibi, "Desalination technology; economy and simplicity" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Thin film of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) was deposited onto transparent glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. ZnSe thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 310 nm-1080 nm. The Linear optical parameters (linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant) of ZnSe thin film were analyzed from absorption spectra. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc's equation. The volume and surface energy loss function of ZnSe thin film were obtained by complex dielectric constant. The Dispersion parameters (dispersion energy, oscillation energy, moment of optical dispersion spectra, static dielectric constant and static refractive index) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The oscillation strength, oscillator wavelength, high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated by single Sellmeier oscillator model. Also, Lattice dielectric constant, N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were obtained. The electronic polarizibility of ZnSe thin film was estimated by Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility. The non-linear optical parameters (non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index) were estimated.
Keyword— linear optical absorption coefficient; Dispersion parameter; Wemple-DiDomenico model; single Sellmeier oscillator model; Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility; ZnSe thin film.

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H. N. Desai, J. M. Dhimmar, B. P. Modi, "Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin Film" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

A bio-composite reinforced with rice husk flour in epoxy resin has been developed. The effect of fibre treatment and weight percentage of rice husk on the mechanical properties was studied and compared with wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. It was observed that addition of rice husk as filler is detrimental to almost all the mechanical properties. About 51% and 26.8% decrease in ultimate strength and Young's Modulus for 40 wt% untreated rice husk reinforcement was observed. The corresponding decrease in flexural strength and flexural modulus was 51%. Similar trend was also observed in hardness and impact strength. However the mechanical properties of rice husk reinforced biocomposites are found to be superior than wood dust reinforced epoxy composite. SEM microscopy was also done to corroborate the results.
Keywords: Rice husk, epoxy, t-test, mechanical properties.

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Neeraj Bisht, Prakash Chandra Gope, "Mechanical properties of rice husk flour reinforced epoxy bio-composite" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Nowadays, applications running in virtual or cloud-based environments are all susceptible to exploitation. However, traditional trust solutions have not been fully optimized for virtualized third party environments. In this situation, the selection of an appropriate cloud service provider is an issue. This paper introduces a completely novel idea on most appropriate cloud service selection through an intermediator. It is based on the new notion of a marketspace. Our paper is devoted to the investigation of a novel architecture suggested for a marketspace. Several theoretical notions related to trust have also been explained extensively in the paper for Cloud service provider selection.
Keyword— Trust, Cloud Service Provider, Cloud Marketplace, Cloud Marketspace.

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W.P. Eureka Priyadarshani, Gihan N. Wikramanayake, Andrei Kelarev and E.M. Piyal Ekanayake, "Cloud Trust Management Framework Based On Cloud Market spaces" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

Solar energy the most efficient, eco-friendly and abundantly available energy source in the nature. It can be converted into electrical energy in cost effective manner. In recent years, the interest in solar energy has risen due to surging oil prices and environmental concern. In many remote or underdeveloped areas, direct access to an electric grid is impossible and a photovoltaic inverter system would make life much simpler and more convenient. With this in mind, it is aimed to design, build, and test a solar panel inverter. This inverter system could be used as backup power during outages, battery charging, or for typical household applications. The main components of this solar system are solar cell, dc to dc boost converters, and inverter. Sine wave push pull inverter topology is used for inverter. In this topology only two MOSFETs are used and isolation requirement between control circuit and power circuit is also less which helps to decrease the cost of solar inverter.
Keyword— MOSFET – Metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistor, PCS- Power conditioning system.

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Nagarathna M, Nikhil C R,Usha A, Vinayaka B C, "Cost effective solar Inverter" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×

Abstract:

In Nigeria, the Estate Surveyor and Valuer has been bestowed with the responsibility of interpreting value of properties for various purposes. In carrying out this responsibility, the Valuer depends on models which were developed decades ago. These models in themselves have implied environmental considerations by way of neighbourhood analysis. The models do not consider serious environmental problems such as air, water, soil, noise pollutions and industrial health and safety. This work developed a model for integrating these variables into the valuation of industries using Enugu as a study area. The model developed is referred to as The Environmental Factor Adjusted Cost Approach to Valuation (or in short from "The E-factor Model"). The model was found to conform with the provisions of the Nigerian Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations of 1991. The model is therefore recommended for use by the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in the Valuation of Industries and other facilities generating waste in Nigeria.
Keyword— Valuation, Industries, Environment, Model, Environmental Considerations.

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Aniagolu C. O., Iloeje A. F and Emoh F. I, "A Model For Integrating Environmental Considerations Into The Valuation Of Industries In Enugu Urban Area, Nigeria" Vol. 5 - Issue 6 (June - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com ×