Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The hasty growth of wireless technologies has drawn new demands for integrated components including antennas and antenna on chip is a new mantra in the area of antenna research. Various techniques have been suggested by researchers for the miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas with multiband characteristics. Numerous antennas for multiband operation have been studied and designed for communication and radar systems. One of the solutions for the multiband characteristics is the fractal antenna. The Fractal antennas are based on the concept of fractal geometries. They can be designed in a variety of shapes in order to obtain enhanced gain and bandwidth, dual band and circular polarization to even ultra-wideband operation. In this paper, the fractal antenna has been designed using the Arlon substrate with relative permittivity of 1.3 and a substrate of Sierpinski gasket shaped placed on it. Feed used is the line feed. The designed antenna is a low profile, small size and multiband antenna since it can be operated at different frequencies within the frequency range of (1.75 – 2.65) and (5.7 – 7.65) GHz. It includes the frequencies used for wireless WLAN application and used to receive and transmit a high-frequency signal.
Keywords: Fractal Antenna, Multiband, Return Loss, Radiation Pattern, Wi-Fi, WLAN.

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Manoj Choudhary, Manpreet Kaur, "Modified Sierpinski Gasket for Wi-Fi and WLAN Applications"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this chapter we have discussed the research work done on the basis of literature review and study. The research methodology and the techniques to modify the present designs in order to achieve better performance have been discussed with their merits and demerits. In this paper FS-SERF and HS- SERF full adder topologies are presented. The analysis of Power, Delay, Power Delay Product (PDP) optimization characteristics of SERF Adder is designed. In order to achieve optimal power savings at smaller geometry sizes, proposed a heuristic approach known as FS-SERF and HS-SERF adder model.
Index Terms: Cold SERF, 1-bit full adder low, Power Delay Product and Adders.

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Pawan Kumar Mishra, Ms. Himani Mittal, "Modified design for Full Swing SERF and High Speed SERF"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper the effect of process parameters of friction stir welded joint for similar aluminium alloys H30 was studied. Taper cylindrical with three flutes all made of High speed steel was used for the friction stir welding (FSW) aluminium alloy H30 and the tensile test of the welded joint were tested by universal testing method. The optimization done using detailed mathematical model is simulated by Minitab17. In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to higher tensile strength. Experiments were conducted on varying rotational speed, transverse speed, and axial force using L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present study aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve high tensile strength.
Keywords: Friction stir welding (FSW) Tool, CNC milling machine, Aluminium alloy H30, Minitab17, Tensile test, taper cylindrical tool.

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Vanita S. Thete, Vijay L. Kadlag, "Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Aluminium Alloys H30"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A nine-switch power converter having two sets of out-put terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually "converts" most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maxi-mal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in experiment, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced semiconductor cost.

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B.Narendra, B.Hariprasad ,G.N.S.Vaibhav, D.Sandeep kashyap, "A Novel Control Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Nine-Switch Power Conditioner"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In the aerospace industry with highly competitive market the time to design and delivery is shortening every day. Pressure on delivering robust product with cost economy is in demand in each development. Even though technology is older, it is new for each customer requirement and highly non-liner to fit one in another place. Gas turbine is considered one of a complex design in the aircraft system. It involves experts to be grouped with designers of various segments to arrive the best output. The time is crucial to achieve a best design and it needs knowledge automation incorporated with CAD/CAE tools. In the present work an innovative idea in the form of Knowledge Based Engineering for axial compressor is proposed, this includes the fundamental design of axial compressor integrated with artificial intelligence in the form of knowledge capturing and programmed with high level language (Visual Basis.Net) and embedded into CATIA v5. This KBE frame work eases out the design and modeling of axial compressor design and produces 3D modeling for further flow simulation with fluid dynamic in Ansys-Fluent. Most of the aerospace components are developed through simulation driven product development and in this case it is established for axial compressor.
Keywords: codes, Visual Basis net, model, compressor, single rotor

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Dinesh kumar.R, Balaji.S, "Knowledge Based Design of Axial Flow Compressor"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in argon was produced by applying high voltage A.C. source of potential difference (0-20) kV operating at a frequency of 10-30 kHz across two parallel plate electrodes with glass as dielectric barrier. The discharge was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and electrical measurement. Four argon emission lines from the discharge were analyzed and the electron temperature was estimated by line intensity ratio method. The electron density in the discharge was estimated by power balance method. An investigation of the effect of inter-electrode distance on the electron density was made. The results showed that the electron temperature is less than 1 eV and the electron density is of the order of 1011cm-3 which varied with the inter electrode distance. Discharge was applied for surface modification of polyethylene terepthalate (PET). Modified surfaces were studied by contact angle measurement and FTIR spectroscopy.
Keyword— Electron temperature, electron density, DBD, optical emission spectroscopy, power balance.

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R. Shrestha, D. P. Subedi, "Experimental Study of an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge and PET Surface Modification"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Now big data has become a hot topic in academia and industry, it is affecting the mode of thinking and working, daily life. But there are many security risks in data collection, storage and use. Privacy leakage caused serious problems to the user, false data will lead to error results of big data analysis. This paper first introduces the security problems faced by big data,analyzes the causes of privacy problems，discussesthe principle to solve the problem. Finally,discusses technical means for privacy protection.
Keyword— big data, privacy protection, causes, principle

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Gang Zeng, "Research on Privacy Protection in Big Data Environment"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Gesture recognition system received great attention in the recent few years because of its manifoldness applications and the ability to interact with machine efficiently through human computer interaction. Gesture is one of human body languages which are popularly used in our daily life. It is a communication system that consists of hand movements and facial expressions via communication by actions and sights. This research mainly focuses on the research of gesture extraction and finger segmentation in the gesture recognition. In this paper, we have used image analysis technologies to create an application by encoding in MATLAB program. We will use this application to segment and extract the finger from one specific gesture. This paper is aimed to give gesture recognition in different natural conditions like dark and glare condition, different distances condition and similar object condition then collect the results to calculate the successful extraction rate.
Keywords: Feature Extraction, Gesture Recognition, Image Analysis.

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Rahul A. Dedakiya, Kaushal J. Doshi, "Feature Extraction of Gesture Recognition Based on Image Analysis for Different Environmental Conditions"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this work, the main objective is to analyze the effect of the harvest of air relative humidity on soil temperature, soil water storage and evaporation. An experiment work was conducted in order to evaluate the quantity of soil water adsorbed by harvesting of relative air humidity. This experimental work was conducted on hilly areas with various hypsographic and microclimatic conditions greatly affecting daily fluctuations of air humidity and soil characteristics. The metrological data needed by SISPAT model were obtained by using a Campbell Scientific equipments Station recorder on data loggers every half hour. A numerical model based on SiSPAT (Système d'Interaction Sol Plante Atmosphère) formulation is adopted. The general equations of the proposed model are based on heat and mass transfer in the soil, atmosphere and plant system. This study shows that Soil Water Adsorption (SWA) induce an increasing in the total evaporation and in soil water storage especially on the upper layers. The effect of Soil Water Adsorption on soil temperature appears for the first layers of soil and become absent in the profound zone because the vapour condensation phenomenon is very important at night for the first layers.
Keyword: Harvest, relative air humidity, soil water content, water vapor adsorption, evaporation, .

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El Khadir LAKHAL, Abdellatif AYYOUB and Zine ElAbidine TIBA, "Effect of Harvest of Air Relative Humidity on Water and Heat Transfer in Soil With Crops Under Arid Climatic Conditions"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Internet is a public networks consisting of thousand of private computer network connected together. Private computer network system is exposed to potential threats from anywhere on the public network. In physical world, crimes often leave evidence finger prints, footprints, witnesses, video on security comes and so on. Online a cyber –crimes, also leaves physical, electronic evidence, but unless good security measures are taken, it may be difficult to trace the source of cyber crime. In certain e-commerce-related areas, such as networking, data transfer and data storage, researchers applied scanning and testing methods, modeling analysis to detect potential risks .In the Security system ,Questions are related to online security in which given options are Satisfied, Unsatisfied ,Neutral, Yes, No. and weak password , Strong password. it is revealed that it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to suggest that which online security is best. Online security provide the flexibility, efficiency of work, provide the better security of net banking . The main feature of the research that the data is safe in banking management for long time and open any account after along time. The Future scope of the study of Security is use to reduce threats. Security is used in the long run results in the reduction of number of branches, saying rentals of related and properties. If the better Security operate than net banking and e-marketing will be increase.
Index Terms: Cryptography, Public Key, SSL, SET, Secret Key,

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Kuldeep Kaur, Dr. Ashutosh Pathak, Parminder Kaur, Karamjeet Kaur, "E-Commerce Privacy and Security System"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper presents the design of optimized PV-Solar and Wind Hybrid Energy System for GSM/CDMA type mobile base station over conventional diesel generator for a particular site in south India (Chennai). For this hybrid system ,the meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Chennai (Longitude 80ο.16'and Latitude 13ο.5' ) and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. The simulation and optimization result gives the best optimized sizing of wind turbine and solar array with diesel generator for particular GSM/CDMA type mobile telephony base station. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. The presented system reduce approximate 70%-80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments. It is expected that the proposed developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for telecom sector in near future.
Key words: Hybrid Energy Systems, Mobile Telephony base station, Optimization, PV-solar, Wind Turbine

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Md. Ibrahim, Mohammad Tayyab, Mohd Zubair, "PV-solar / Wind Hybrid Energy System for GSM/CDMA Type Mobile Telephony Base Station"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

At present, composite materials are mostly used in aircraft structural components, because of their excellent properties like lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness, and corrosion resistance and less expensive. In this experimental work, the mechanical properties of laminate, this is reinforced with stainless steel wire mesh, aluminum sheet metal, perforated aluminum sheet metal and glass fibers to be laminate and investigated. The stainless steel wire mesh and perforated aluminum metal were sequentially stacked to fabricate, hybrid composites. The aluminum metal sheet is also employed with that sequence to get maximum strength and less weight. The tensile, compressive and flexure tests carried out on the hybrid composite. To investigate the mechanical properties and elastic properties of the metal matrix composite laminate of a material we are using experimental test and theoretical calculation. The experimental work consists of Tensile, compressive and flexural test. The expectation of this project results in the tensile and compressive properties of this hybrid composite it is slightly lesser than carbon fibers but it could facilitate a weight reduction compared with CFRP panels. So this hybrid laminates composite material offering significant weight savings and maximum strength over some other GFRP conventional panels.
Keywords: sequentially stacked, fabricate, metal matrix composites, CFRP panels, GFRP panel.

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Ranga Raj R., Velmurugan R., Dinesh C., Balaji S., "Experimental Test of Stainless Steel Wire Mesh and Aluminium Alloy With Glass Fiber Reinforcement Hybrid Composite"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This project work is to investigate the compression efficiency of different configuration of Turbo-Prop Co-Rotor Blade System of Subsonic Axial Flow Compressor. By this method the highly compressed air can be passed over the intake of the engine to the compressor with high mass flow rate in change of low velocity and high pressure ratio. The length of the small rotor is varied in terms of large rotor length by 25,50 & 75% . Each will have three space configuration in terms of diameter of rotor and in the percentage of 5,10,15%. A total of 12 configurations will be simulated to arrive optimum blade configuration. The blades are made in the shape of an airfoil like wing of an aircraft. The engine rotates the propeller blades, which produce lift. This lift is called thrust and moves the aircraft forward. Blades are usually made of high lift airfoil which allows more rotation to generate high pressure for engine. ANSYS- Fluent is commercial software which is robust for most of the fluid dynamic problems and it is used in this project work to evaluate the different configurations of co-rotor propeller system to arrive the best.
Keywords: compression efficiency, high mass flow rate, high pressure ratio, ANSYS - Fluent.

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Venkatesh . N, Balaji .S, "Numerical Investigation Of Compression Performance Of Different Blade Configuration In Co-Rotor Turbo-Propeller"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The project mainly focuses on the reduction of jet noise emission in the exhaust nozzle of TURBOFAN ENGINES. Reduction of noise in the exhaust system is done by attaching chevrons with particular parameters in the nozzle exit. Numerical investigations have been carried out on chevron nozzles to assess the importance of chevron parameters such as the number of chevrons like (chevron count), chevron penetration and the mixing characteristics of co flow jet. Chevron count is the pertinent parameter for noise reduction at low nozzle pressure ratios, whereas at high nozzle pressure ratios, chevron penetration is crucial. The results illustrate that by careful selection of chevron parameters substantial noise reduction can be achieved. The sound pressure level (SPL) can be calculated from that we determined the noise level at nozzle exit section. After assessing the chevron parameters we are going to modify the chevron shapes in order to get maximum noise reduction along with very negligible thrust loss. Modification of chevron is based on aspect of increasing the mixing of cold jet and the hot jet in order to decrease the noise emission. ANSYS-Fluent is a commercial CFD code which will be used for performing the simulation and the simulation configuration contains three different velocities (100,150,200) with two different nozzle model(plain & chevron nozzle). The simulation results are evaluated to find out nozzle noise level in the engine exhaust system.
Keywords: Plain nozzle, Chevron, Noise level(db),Nozzle pressure(pa),velocity(m/s)

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Alagu sundaram.A, Ezhilmaran.G, "Numerical Investigation of Jet Noise Prediction in Exhaust Nozzle by Passive Control Techniques"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This research study investigates preventive maintenance management of diesel engine generators at the Nigerian Maritime Academy, Oron. An optimization methodology taking cognisance of the age of the equipment was applied on failure data of diesel engine generators obtained from the institution's maintenance data base to provide cost effective maintenance management / replacement programme for critical components of diesel engine generators. The analyzed results using Matlab provides a cost and reliability template which can be used to perform diesel generator maintenance mangement programme in the academy.
Keywords: Reliability, optimization, maintenance, modelling, maritime academy,

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Akpan, W. A, Ogunsola T. M, "Optimzation of Preventive Maintenance Practice in Maritime Academy Oron"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper tends to develop for protection for costly appliances which require three-phase AC supply for operation. Failure of any of the phases or sudden change in voltage makes the appliance prone to erratic functioning and may even lead to failure. Hence it is of paramount importance to monitor the availability of the three-phase supply and proper voltage supply and switch off the appliance in the event of failure of one or two phases or if required voltage level is not available. The power to the appliance should resume with the availability of all phases of the supply with proper voltage level. The main advantage of this protector circuit is that it protects three-phase appliances from failure of any phase as well as from fluctuation of voltage. The concept in future can be extended to developing a mechanism to send message to the authority via SMS by interfacing GSM modem. Details description of all types of faults is given below.
Index Terms: 555 Timer, voltage Regulator (LM 7809), over voltage, under voltage, Relay, Transformer(230V -12V AC).

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Girish Chandra Thakur, Kumar Shantanu Kaushal, Manish Ranjan, sandipkumar gupta, "Implementationof Single Phasing, Over Voltage, Under Voltage, Protection of Three Phase Appliances without Using Microcontroller"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Establishment of vehicular ad-hoc network plays important role in smart traffic management system. Researcher can create VANET by information sharing of road side unit, vehicle and traffic system & implementing it in real world. This system implemented to detect road signs from a moving vehicle. In this technology vehicle is able to detect traffic signs which are on the road side boards e.g. "speed limit" or "school" or "turn ahead". Consider a condition, user is driving a car at night or in rainy season then it is not possible for driver to keep watch on each and every road symbol or the message plates like turn, speed breaker, school, diversion etc. Here in this proposed system every road side board or symbol will use one signal transmitter and the moment vehicle passes from that road side board the vehicle will receive signals with the help of receiver and indicates the symbol on LCD display which is in the car. So that the driver can able to concentrate on driving vehicle.
Keyword: In-Car System, Microcontroller, RF, RSU, VANET

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Mr. SACHIN GANJARE, Prof. SHUBHANGI BORKAR, "Review on Design & Implementation of Road Side Symbol Detection In VANET"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Development in the field of image processing for reducing speckle noise from digital images/satellite images is a challenging task for image processing applications. Previously many algorithms were proposed to de-speckle the noise in digital images. Here in this article we are presenting experimental results on de-speckling of Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) images. SAR images have wide applications in remote sensing and mapping the surfaces of all planets. SAR can also be implemented as "inverse SAR" by observing a moving target over a substantial time with a stationary antenna. Hence denoising of SAR images is an essential task for viewing the information. Here we introduce a transformation technique called ―Ridgelet‖, which is an extension level of wavelet. Ridgelet analysis can be done in the similar way how wavelet analysis was done in the Radon domain as it translates singularities along lines into point singularities under different frequencies. Simulation results were show cased for proving that proposed work is more reliable than compared to other de-speckling processes, and the quality of de-speckled image is measured in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Mean Square Error.
Keyword: Speckle, SAR, denoising, ridgelet, radon, PSNR, MSE.

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A. Ravi, Dr. P.V.Naganjaneyulu, Dr.M.N. Giriprasad, "Noise Removal in SAR Images using Orthonormal Ridgelet Transform"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

At present, domestic and overseas researches on concrete cracks mainly focus on the formation of cracks from external factors, such as cracks caused by temperature, external loads and uneven settlement of foundation. Based on other scholars' study on the reason and settlement of cracks, this paper starts from the defect of concrete structure, and proposes three factors affecting concrete cracks: internal and external stratification during the process of concrete placement, the presence of the transition zone of concrete and multiphase porous system of the cement. In addition, the author has summarized the prevention and repairing measures of cracks.
Keyword: concrete; cracks; causes; structural defects; prevention and treatment measures

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ZHOU Jing-cheng, LI Xing-fu, "On causes, prevention and repairing measures of concrete cracks"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A thermodynamic investigation of direct chemical looping combustion (CLC) of rice husk is presented in this paper. Both steam and CO2 are used for gasification within the temperature range of 500–1200˚C and different amounts of oxygen carriers. Chemical equilibrium model was considered for the CLC fuel reactor. The trends in product compositions of the fuel reactor, were determined. Rice husk gasification using 3 moles H2O and 0 moles CO2 per mole carbon (in rice husk) at 1 bar pressure and 900˚C was found to be the best operating point for hundred percent carbon conversion in the fuel reactor. Such detailed thermodynamic studies can be useful to design chemical looping combustion processes using different fuels.
Keyword: Chemical looping combustion, NiO, Rice husk, Thermodynamic study.

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Rashmeet Singh Monga, Ganesh R. Kale, Sadanand Y. Guhe, "Chemical Looping Combustion of Rice Husk"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper is about denoising of ECG signal using DWT transform. In this paper, ECG signals are denoised using DWT transform.Ecg signals are taken and noise at different frequencies are generated which are superimposed on this original ecg signal.High frequency noise is of 4000 hertz and power line interference is of 50 hertz.Decomposition of noisy signal is achieved through wavelet packet .wavelet packets are reconstructed and appropriate wavelet packets are combined to obtain a signal, very similar to original ecg signal.This technique results in the minimization of mean square error in the filtered signals.
Keyword: CWT, DENOISING, DFT, DWT, ECG, STFT.

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Munzaleen Rashid Bhat, Virk Rana, "Denoising of ECG -- A discrete time approach using DWT"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Flutter is an unstable oscillation which can lead to destruction. Flutter can occur on fixed surfaces, such as blades, wing or the stabilizer. By self-excited aeroelastic instability, flutter can lead to mechanical or structural failure of aircraft engine blades. The modern engines have been designed with increased pressure ratio and reduced weight in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in severe aeroelastic problems. Particularly flutter in axial compressors with transonic flow can be characterized by a number of aerodynamic nonlinear effects such as shock boundary layer interaction, rotating stall, and tip vortex instability. Rotating blades operating under high centrifugal forces may also encounter structural nonlinearities due to friction damping and large deformations. In the future work a standard axial flow compressor blade will be taken for analysis, both Subsonic and Transonic range are taken for analysis. Fluid and Structure are two different domains which will be coupled by full system coupling technique to predict the fluttering effect on the compressor blade. ANSYS is a commercial simulation tool, which will be deployed in this work to perform FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) and FSI coupled Modal to predict the flutter in the compressor blades
Index Terms: Flutter, Compressor Blade, FSI Modal Analysis, ANSYS

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Rio Melvin Aro.T, EZHILMARAN G., "Fluid Structural Modal Coupled Numerical Investigation of Transonic Fluttering Of Axial Flow Compressor Blades"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Pacemaker design has evolved very rapidly over the last several years. There has been a great deal of work in enhancing the programmability of pacemakers, to enable them to be programmed to work with different selected operating parameters, and indeed to work in different modes. In Taiwan, about 70%of cardiac pacemakerpatients are paced only from the ventricle with some pacing parameter programmability. This paper goal is to design a cardiac pacemaker with various NBG modes. A state machine approach has been followed to achieve the desired purpose. The pacemaker system is divide into three main sections i.e. controlling unit, sensing unit and pulse generator. In this paper we mainly concentrate on controlling unit and pulse generator. It has been developed using VHDL coding and implemented in hardware using FPGA. In a simple pacemaker process i.e. single chamber or dual chamber pacemaker, first an input signal or an event is detected in heart through leads. When the input signal is detected a timer generates a delay for approximately 0.8 sec. It is the time between two consecutive heartbeats, thus giving us 72 heartbeats per minute. Once the generated delay expires, sensing unit again start detecting a new event. If any event is detected we repeat the process of detection and waiting. If no event is detected we need to provide an electrical pulse to the heart and then repeat the whole process of detection and waiting. The code has been optimized and modified for different pacemaker modes.
Keyword: Cardiac pacemaker, NBG codes, pacing mode, Refractory period.

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Omkar Dwivedi, Dr.Geetika Srivastava, "Design and Implementation of programmable Cardiac Pacemaker Using VHDL"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, the system assessment theory of he concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge which is based on the theory of the reliability of system reliability is researched through the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Because the concrete filled steel tube arch bridge has the characteristics, such as the components numerous, complex forces, unable to list the of the explicit limit state equation, so use the probability design module of ANSYS (PDS) technology for the performance evaluation of the concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge with the combination of the reliability theory of monte carlo (MC) method, the response surface method (RSM) and the equivalent normal distribution method (JC method).According to the measured data and documents, selecte the random variables which have a large influence on structure reliability as the input parameters and use APDL language to write the structural response's parameterized model of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge. Then fit the response surface equation and get its statistical sampling parameters, and finally using Matlab program based on JC method to calculate the reliability index of the components. According to the structure characteristics of concrete filled steel tube arch bridge, the whole structure is as a series of arch rib series, derrick, floor system, selection of components of the minimum reliability index as the system's reliability index.
Keyword: Concrete filled steel tube arch bridge; Reliability theory; PDS technology; Performance evaluation

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Ma Wei-long, "The Performance Evaluation of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The objective of this project work is to computationally analyze shock waves in the Convergent Divergent (CD) Nozzle. The commercial CFD code Fluent is employed to analyze the compressible flow through the nozzle. The analysis is about NPR (Nozzle Pressure Ratio) i.e., the ratio between exit pressure of the nozzle to ambient pressure. The various models of CD Nozzle are designed and the results are compared. The flow characteristic of shockwave for various design of CD Nozzle is also discussed. The purpose of this project is to investigate supersonic C-D nozzle flow for increasing NPR (Nozzle pressure ratio) through CFD. The imperfect matching between the pressures and ambient pressure and exit pressure leads to the formation of a complicated shock wave structure. Supersonic nozzle flow separation occurs in CD nozzles at NPR values far above their design value that results in shock formation inside the nozzle.
The one-dimensional analysis approximations are not accurate, in reality the flow detaches from the wall and forms a separation region, subsequently the flow downstream becomes non-uniform and unstable. Shock wave affects flow performance of nozzle from NPR value 1.63 for existing geometrical conditions of nozzle. Problem of using this nozzle above 1.63NPR is shock wave at downstream of throat. After shock wave, static pressure increases further downstream of flow. It leads to flow separation and back pressure effects. Back pressure makes nozzle chocked. To investigate this problem, geometry of divergent portion is introduced and analysed through CFD. This is expected in resulting of reduction of flow separation and back pressure effect as well as increase in nozzle working NPR.
Keyword: circular cut-out, elliptical cut-outs, failure load, flat composite panel, mesh size.

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Shyamshankar.M.B, Sankar.V, "Investigation on Divergent Exit Curvature Effect on Nozzle Pressure Ratio of Supersonic Convergent Divergent Nozzle"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This work aims to develop a methodology for numerical evaluation via finite elements applied to projects shields sheet metal. To validate the methodology physical test were conduct and were compare with the numerical simulation. In the simulation, a plasticity material modelit was used at high strain rates, besides the insertion of a damage model through forming limit diagram (FLD) to capture the initiation of damage and energy criteria for propagation of the fracture. The tested shielding design is for the II-A protection level using the type 9mm ammunition.
Keyword: Ballistic Impact, Finite Element, Plasticity, Damage, Blindage.

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Bruno Cesar Pockszevnicki, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, "Experimental and numerical evaluation of plasticity model with ductile damage to applied in project of shielding sheet metal"Vol. 5 - Issue 5 (May - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com