Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to elaborate the cartography of Gradex parameter used in the Gradex method for estimating flood peaks in order to size hydraulic structures. Map of spatial variation is elaborated using the geostatistical method of kriging. Several reference functions (exponential model, spherical, linear, Gaussian and cubic) were used for modeling the kriging variogram. Cross-validation enabled a comparison between the results of these models and choice of spherical model with anisotropy and trend fit by a second-order polynomial as the most suitable. The use of available series of annual maximum daily rainfall recorded at 23 rainfall stations, distributed over the Tensift basin, led also to develop the cartography of standard prediction errors‟ values associated to the predicted parameter for each point of Tensift basin. These errors vary from acceptable values (16.8%) to very high ones depending on the density of the rainfall stations at the desired site.
Keywords: Cartography, flood peaks, Gradex, IDF, kriging.

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Jihane Ahattab, Najat Serhir, El Khadir Lakhal, "Mapping Gradex values on the Tensift basin (Morocco)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The advancement in material technology has led to development of concrete with higher strengths. Presence of high cementitious materials contents in high strength concrete mixes increases heat of hydration that causes higher shrinkage and leading it to potential of cracking. However, use of supplementary cementitious materials leads to control in heat of hydration which further avoids higher shrinkage. Materials such as fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag are largely been used as supplementary cementitious materials in High strength concrete mixes. In the present study use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial cement replacement in high strength concrete mixes is evaluated with an experimental study. High strength concrete mix of M60 grade is taken as a reference and the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength where performed for 7, 28 and 56 days and analyzed it with results for partial replacement mixes of POFA 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% & 25%. It has been observed that concrete with 15% replacement of POFA gave the highest strength.
Keywords: strength, flexural strength, high strength concrete, palm oil fuel ash and split tensile strength.

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Dr. M. Swaroopa Rani, M. Tejaanvesh, "Performance of High-Strength Concrete Using Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Cement Replacement"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The consistent demand for higher data rates and ability to send large volumes of data without compromising the quality of communication has led the development of a new generations of wireless systems. But range and data rate limitations are there in wireless devices. In an effort to overcome these limitations, Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) systems can be used which also increase diversity and improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of wireless systems. They also increase the channel capacity, increase the transmitted data rate through spatial multiplexing, and/or reduce interference from other users. MIMO systems thus make a promising communication systems because of their high transmission rates without additional bandwidth or transmit power and robustness against multipath fading. This paper focuses on transmission of an image file using 2x2 MIMO system that achieves a full diversity gain using Alamouti's Space Time Block Coding technique for 2 transmitting antennas and 2 receiving antennas. Different modulation techniques viz. BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are used and performances has been evaluated in terms of BER vs. SNR to find out the best modulation technique in a given environment. Space-Time Codes have been used which in addition to the time and spectral domain, also exploit the spatial domain. Simple maximum likelihood decoding algorithm is used at the receiver side to decode the received encoded signal.
Keywords: BER, PSK, QAM, Rayleigh fading, Maximum Liklihood Detection, MIMO, SNR, STBC.

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Animish S. Andraskar, Pratik M. Bhombe, Shantanu S. Bhusari, Prof. Shital N. Raut, "Grayscale Image Transmission over Rayleigh Fading Channel in a MIMO System Using Different Digital Modulation Techniques with STBC"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Attenuation due to and water vapour and rain can severely degrade the radio wave propagation at centimeter or millimeter wavelengths. It restricts the path length of radio communication systems and limits the use of higher frequencies for line-of-sight microwave links and satellite communications. The attenuation will pose a greater problem to communication as the frequency of occurrence of heavy rain increases.In a tropical region, like Malaysia, where excessive rainfall is a common phenomenon throughout the year, the knowledge of the rain attenuation at the frequency of operation is extremely required for the design of a reliable terrestrial and earth space communication link at a particular location.

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K.Kalyana Srinivas, T.Venkata Ramana, "Estimation of Water Vapour Attenuation And Rain Attenuation"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The icy roads will reduce road adhesion coefficient, causing traffic accidents because of skidding of vehicle. Road technology of anti-ice and anti-skid at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of technology are analyzed. Meanwhile the new domestic technology of anti-ice and anti-skid is introduced.
Keywords: Engineering Application; Anti-ice; Road Safety

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Wang Yongcun, Meng Yunwei, "Reviewing the Technology of Anti-ice in Cold High Altitude Road"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Before closuring the mid-span of a large-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge, imposing jacking-force could commendably eliminate the down-warping of main beam, horizontal deviation of main pier and the additional internal force caused by temperature differential and concrete shrink-creep. Two formulas deduced in this article to calculate the jacking-force have been applied to an engineering example to analyze and compare their applicability by combining with finite element simulation. The results showed that both formulas were practicable and could be as a simple computational method extended to other bridges with the same type.
Keyword— bridge, closure, continuous rigid frame bridge, jacking-force

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Wei LI, Hui Liu, "Calculating the closure jacking-force of a large-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge" Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Concrete is the construction material which is obtained by mixing of cement, water and aggregate in required proportions. The day by day the cost of cement is increasing, yet the need for building and other construction requiring this material keep growing with an increase in the population, thus the need to find alternative binding materials that can be used solely or in partial replacement of cement. Agricultural waste material, In this case coconut fibre ash, which is an environmental pollutant. Coconut fibres are collected and the fibre are properly dried and burnt in the open air with a temperature range of 600⁰ c to 700⁰ c. when the fibres turned into ash. The ash was collected and made to pass through 150 micron sieve. This work presents the results of laboratory test carried out using coconut fibre ash (CFA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production. Concrete cubes are cast and tested at curing aging of 7, 28, 60, & 90 days using 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, & 25 percent replacement levels. The slump test results show that the workability of the concrete decreased as the CFA content increased & the compressive strength of CFA concrete increased with curing aging but decrease with increasing the percentage of coconut fibre ash. The percentage strength gained at 90 days for 5% and 10% for the control of 0% is 96.22% & 86.12% respectively. The optimum compressive strength of 59.25N/mm² was obtained at 5% replacement at 90 days of ages. The percentage strength at this optimum point of the control is 96.22%.
Keyword— coconut fibre ash, concrete, compressive strength, cement.

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Sanjay Sen, Rajeev Chandak, "Effect of coconut fibre ash on strength properties of concrete"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Domino CMOS circuit family finds a wide variety of application in microprocessors due to low device count and high speed.In this paper, various conventional and proposed designs for low leakage and high speed wide fan-in domino circuits are reviewed. The techniques used in the paper reduces the total power dissipation and delay by 25% and 58% respectively as compared to the conventional footed domino logic circuit. Simulations are performed on tanner tool at 65nm technology for 16 input OR gate.
Keywords: contention, domino logic, leakage, power consumption, reliability.

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Neha Vaish, Sampath Kumar V, "Energy efficient and high speed domino logic circuits"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) based on resin recovered from recycling plastic waste has been shown to possess mechanical properties satisfying normative requirements. This paper investigates the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP produced from resin recovered from recycled plastic wastes. A total of fifteen of beams of sizes 150 ×150 ×900mm and 100 × 100 × 500mm reinforced with GFRP made from recycled glass fibre reinforced polymer was tested. The flexural test results yielded lower ultimate load, lower stiffness and larger deflections at the same load when compared with the control steel reinforced beam. However, the ultimate flexural strength of beams, reinforced with GFRP from recycled resin was at least four times higher than that of the control unreinforced beam. This is in agreement, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the trend of these parameters in GFRP reinforced concrete based on virgin resins. The results therefore confirm the applicability for structural uses with the accompanying benefits of wealth creation, value addition and environmental sustainability.
Key words: Concrete, Fibre reinforced plastics, composites

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Adetiloye A. and Ephraim M. E, "Structural Engineering Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Based On Recycled Glass Fibre Polymer (Gfrp)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A comparative assessment on analytical outputs of the composite behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete infilled frames using the macro models of the one-strut configuration and the finite element micro model is presented. The effect of openings in the infill was given particular attention in multi-storey building frames. The analysis demonstrated the simplicity of modified one-strut model, compared to the more complex multi strut and FE models while at the same time yielding highly accurate results. The introduction of the shear stress reduction factor clearly enhanced the efficiency of the one-strut model to reproduce the shear strength, lateral stiffness and seismic demand of infilled frames with openings.
Key words: Shear reduction factor, infilled frame, diagonal strut model, FE model.

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M.E. Ephraim, T.C. Nwofor, "Composite Behaviour of Unbraced Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames Based on Modified One-Strut Model"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In recent treads a wide range of building materials is available for the construction of civil engineering structures. The total cost of materials may be up to 60% or more of the total cost incurred in construction project dependent upon the type of project. Effective construction materials management is a key to success for a construction project. Construction waste is another serious problem in construction industry. A large and various types of construction waste with different characteristics are created at all the stages of construction. Construction industries have a larger part in contributing environmental problems. The economic and environmental benefits must be gained from construction waste minimization. This paper presents a review on systematically investigation of the management of construction materials and construction waste, material management techniques, control of construction waste and existing situation of construction management and construction waste in the industry.
Keywords: Material Management, Construction Waste, Management techniques, Economic relevance, Existing Situation.

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A. A. Gulghane, Prof P. V. Khandve, "Management for Construction Materials and Control of Construction Waste in Construction Industry: A Review"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

During the conceptual design phase of aircraft the integration of undercarriage system is very important and it is often difficult to achieve on the first time. The nose wheel landing gear preferred configurations for light naval trainer aircraft. The main objective of this project is to improve the static strength criteria and fatigue life of Nose Landing Gear Barrel considered. The investigations includes preliminary design layout for Nose Landing Gear Barrel and initial sizing has been done. It has been designed and evaluated for strength criteria. A method of analysis for the design of Nose Landing Gear Barrel made up of Al-Cu alloy (BS L 168 T6511) with static loads of axial, bending and normal loads are applied. The geometric modeling of the Nose Landing Gear Barrel was carried out using CAD package CATIA V5 R19 and pre and post processing was done through MSC/PATRAN. The stresses and displacements are obtained with the application of MSC/NASTRAN finite element software.

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Sanjay Kumar Sardiwal, D. Harika Chowdary, K. Devanand Chakravarthy, M. Veena Vani, Mohd Abdul Mannan, "Computer Aided Design and Stress Analysis of Nose Landing Gear Barrel (NLGB)"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this work, we aim to analyse the effect of the harvest of air relative humidity on soil water content. Some experiments were conducted on hilly areas with various hypsographic and microclimatic conditions greatly affecting daily fluctuations of air relative humidity. The metrological data's were obtained by using a Campbell Scientific equipments station recorder on data loggers every half hour. Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR) is used for calculating water content at different soil layers. The effect of many parameters such as: minimal and maximal air atmospheric humidity, potential of soil water and minimal temperature of air on harvesting air relative humidity is also discussed. The experimental results indicate that soil moisture content in the upper soil layer fluctuates with the same manner to diurnal fluctuation of relative air humidity. These fluctuations due to the harvest of relative air humidity decreased with increasing soil depth and daily amplitude of relative air humidity. The water adsorbed according to this phenomenon increased with increasing maximal relative and decreasing minimal temperature. The contribution of this soil water collected is about 40% of losses due to evaporation process. The correlation between principal climatic data and soil water adsorption by harvest relative air humidity is presented in this paper in order to incorporate it in the total water balance during water infiltration.
Keywords: Harvest, relative air humidity, soil water content, water vapor adsorption, evaporation.

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El Khadir Lakhal and Abdellatif Ayyoub, "Effect of Air Relative Humidity Harvest on Soil Moisture Content under Moroccan Climatic Conditions"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The aim of this project is analysis the efficiency ratio in an annular fin by the variation of heat transfer coefficient for any surface condition by using MATLAB software to calculate the base fin efficiency and the coated fin efficiency by the variation of heat transfer coefficient, radius ratio and base fin thickness of an annular fin and compare the coating fin efficiency to base fin efficiency. If the heat transfer coefficient is 50W/m²K the increase efficiency ratio is 10.46 – 28.02% for zinc coating fin from the literature but the MATLAB result is 9.3 - 25.54% , the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.72%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.57% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.45% (d=0.001m) and 32.14% (d=0.0002m) for zinc coating fin and the gain efficiency ratio at thicker base fin (d=0.001m) is 11.92%, at the thinner base fin (d=0.0002m) is 33.61% from the literature but the MATLAB result is 7.51% (d=0.001m) and 32.16% (d=0.0002m) for zinc alloy coating fin.
Keywords: Annular composite fin, Efficiency ratio, MATLAB simulation

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Padma Lochannayak And suvendumohanty, "Evaluation Performance ofan Annular Composite Fin by UsingMATLAB Programming"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The pulsed electro acoustic (PEA) technique is the most widely used method to measure space charge distributions in insulating materials. The PEA technique has undergone some advancement since the over twenty years it was first implemented such as in its spatial resolution and sensitivity. In this article a review of the technique was carried out and its advantages, limitations, progress and prospects were discussed. Keywords-Review, space charge, pulsed electro acoustic technique, insulating materials
Keywords: Review, space charge, pulsed electro acoustic technique, insulating materials

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Habibu Hussaini, Ashraf Ahmad Adam, Ajagun Abimbola Susan, "Review of Space-charge Measurement using Pulsed Electro-Acoustic Method: Advantages and Limitations"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Speech feature extraction and likelihood evaluation are considered the main issues in speech recognition system. Although both techniques were developed and improved, but they remain the most active area of research. This paper investigates the performance of conventional and hybrid speech feature extraction algorithm of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Prediction Cepstrum Coefficient (LPCC), perceptual linear production (PLP) and RASTA-PLP through using multivariate Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classifier. The performance of the speech recognition system is evaluated based on word error rate (WER), which is given for different data set of human voice using isolated speech TIDIGIT corpora sampled by 8 Khz. This data includes the pronunciation of eleven words (zero to nine plus oh) are recorded from 208 different adult speakers (men & women) each person uttered each word 2 times.
Keyword: feature extraction, likelihood evaluation, speech recognition, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient, Linear Predictive Coding, perceptual linear production, RASTA-PLP, Hidden Markov Model, word error rate.

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Veton Z. Këpuska, Hussien A Elharati, "Performance Evaluation of Conventional and Hybrid Feature ExtractionsUsing Multivariate HMM Classifier"Vol. 5 - Issue 4 (April - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com