Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The aim of present study is to determine the most significant input parameter such as welding current, arc voltage and root gap during the Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG) of Mild Steel 1018 grade by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The hardness and tensile strength of weld specimen are investigated in this study. The selected three input parameters were varied at three levels. On the analogy, nine experiments were performed based on L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi's methodology, which consist three input parameters. Root gap has greatest effect on tensile strength followed by welding current and arc voltage. Arc voltage has greatest effect on hardness followed by root gap and welding current. Weld metal consists of fine grains of ferrite and pearlite.
Key word: GMAW, MIG, Mild Steel, Welding, Taguchi, ANOVA.

Copy and Paste

Rakesh, Satish Kumar, "Determination of Significant Process Parameter in Metal Inert Gas Welding of Mild Steel by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

TThe problem associated with solid waste management is on the increase both in the industries, urban cities and in the rural areas. In the United States of America, Asia and Europe, there are over hundreds of waste to wealth combustion plants from where solid wastes are incinerated. In Nigeria, amidst the increasing importation of vehicle tyre such plants are scarcely in existence to enhance generation of revenue from waste through the extraction of raw material for the production of light weight aggregates, printing ink, paints, shoe polish, dry cell and battery heads. This research paper seeks to utilize vehicle scrap tyre (VST) as aggregates in asphaltic mixture by adopting the dry process to evaluate the effect of rubber-bitumen interaction on asphaltic concrete properties; laboratory investigation using 4.75mm, 2.36mm and 0.600mm chunk tyre particle size modified asphalt mixture containing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% scrap tyre and 0% tyre content as control mixture. The mixtures were subjected to Marshall Tests where the stability, flow, percentage air void, unit weight, void mineral aggregate, height of specimen and specific gravity were determined. The results obtained shows that as tyre percentage increase the stability, unit weight and specific gravity value decreases. On the other hand, as the tyre content increases, the flow and height of specimen increases while as the tyre content increases the percentage air void and VMA increased for 4.75mm Tyre Particle Size (TPS) and 2.36mm TPS while for 0.600mm TPS, reverse is the case. In summary and in comparism with standard specification for road construction material, the Marshall tests conducted on the tyre modified specimens remained intact and by interpretation; material possessing such property indicates good impact resistance when use as surface course in flexible pavement. Conclusively, the use of 10% 4.75mm, 4% 2.36mm or 4% 0.600mm TPS by weight of aggregate in asphaltic concrete is recommended for medium traffic volume pavement which in turn leads to a considerable percentage of sanitation in our cities in terms of reduction in scrap tyre waste management and waste to wealth generation.
Key word: Waste, Scrap Tyre, Aggregate, Management, Nigeria.

Copy and Paste

Oba, A. L., Onungwe, I., George, A.G., Amgbara, T.O. & Akpan P.P, "Waste to Wealth; The Utilization of Scrap Tyre as Aggregate in Bituminous Mixes for Road Construction"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper is presented a perspective on sustainability in agriculture - which derives from a notion of development tied to the idea of growth - supported by technological advances aimed at ensuring sustainable management of natural resources. In this sense, we consider here a socio-ecological approach in order to bring together the individual and their environment, showing that this relationship is fundamental for a process of coevolution, where nature and human being together can define the organization society.
Keywords: Sustainability; Natural resources; Water resource; Food production.

Copy and Paste

A. De Castro, C. F. Fronza, "Sustainable development in agriculture: a socio-ecological approach"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The results of the systematic experimental study obtained in this work on the effects of temperature (340–420 °C) and exposure time (0–8h) at nominal temperature on the yield of pyrolysis products from Estonian graptolite argillite (GA) generated in autoclaves without any solvent are described. The yields of solid residue (SR), gas, pyrogenetic water (W) and extractable with benzenemix ofthermobitumen and oil (TBO) were estimated. The compound groups of TBO were assessed. The highest yield of TBO, 2.18% on dry GA basis and 13.2% of organic matter (OM) was obtained at temperature of 420 °C and duration 0.5 h. The main compound groups in TBO obtained at 400 ᵒC are polar hetero-atomic compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons surpassing 45% and 30% of TBO. The shares of aliphatic and monocyclic hydrocarbons are below 15% of TBO. The yield of W from GA is – about 10-15% of OM. The quantity of OM left in SR after pyrolysis is high, about 65% of OM. The yield of pyrolysis products from GA and the composition of its TBO are compared with those obtained under similar conditions from different oil shales: Estonian Kukersite, US Utah Green River, and Jordanian Attarat.
Keywords-Graptolite argillite, Dictyonema shale, Low temperature pyrolysis, Autoclaves

Copy and Paste

A. Galina Sharayeva, Laine Tiikma, Hans Luik, Ille Johannes, "Low Temperature Pyrolysis of Graptolite Argillite (Dictyonema Shale) in Autoclaves"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this research work experimentation on integrated bamboo processing machine for splitting and slicing of bamboo has been carried out. This paper presents the experimental investigation of some parameters of integrated bamboo processing machine. In this research paper simulation of experimental data using artificial neural network is carried out. An attempt of minimum-maximum principle has been made to optimize by range bound process for maximizing production rate of integrated bamboo processing machine.
Key word: Bamboo, Splitting, slicing, experimentation, ANN, optimization.

Copy and Paste

P. G. Mehar, Dr. A. V. Vanalkar, Dr. S. S. Khandare, "Design of Experimentation, Artificial Neural Network Simulation and Optimization for Integrated Bamboo Processing Machine"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Nowadays VLSI circuits have become much advanced by overcoming many challenges such as extra power consumption, but circuit aging along with process variations are still challenging the advancements in power efficient VLSI circuits. The aim of this dissertation is to propose the new adaptive technique to efficiently compensate the fine grained variations by addressing the limitations in existing adaption approach. Adaptive supply voltage (ASV) is proved to be one among the top most adaptation approaches in tuning of power performance. Controlling power leakage is the main advantage in using ASV, while delivery overheads along with voltage generation from conventional ASV systems make their application to mitigate fine-grained variations demanding. The main aim of this dissertation is to present a dual level ASV system with band gap reference Miniature programmable regulator (BGRMPR). Reference voltage independent of process and temperature variations can be achieved because of using band gap reference voltage. Another advantage of adapting this approach is because less power is consumed by system when compared to dual-level ASV system with MPR.
Key word: Band gap reference, aging, Adaptive system, process variation, VLSI circuits.

Copy and Paste

Raj Kankanala Pallavi, "Dual-Level Adaptive Supply Voltage System with Bandgap Reference MPR for Variation Resilience"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, a simulation of the Mathematical Model for Real-Time Satellite Launch Platform approach in Mexico is presented. Mexico holds the fourth best place in the world for building a platform to launch space satellites, since its geographic location is optimal for its construction. It is essential to have the Probabilistic Failure Analysis in Space Systems Engineering from its design, in order to minimize risks and avoid any possible catastrophe. The mathematical approach of Failure Analysis presented throughout this paper, is complementary to the simulation results, previously obtained with Windchill Quality Software. The final results were performed with the Failure Analysis through fault trees (FTA) by means of a probabilistic approach Quantitative Mathematical Model. This is the first step to propose and build the first Satellite Launch Platform in Mexico.
Key word: Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Real Time, Platform to Launch Space Satellites, Space Rockets, External factor, Quantitative data, Mathematical Approach.

Copy and Paste

Omar Ariosto Niño Prieto, Luis Enrique Colmenares Guillén, Jose Areli Carrera Román, "A Mathematical Modeling Approach of the Failure Analysis for the Real-Time Mexican Satellite Space Launch Center"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Due to the recent advances in broad-band network and multimedia technologies, the distribution of multimedia contents are increasing. This will help a malicious party to duplicate and redistribute the contents; hence the protection of the ownership is required in multimedia content distribution. The encryption of content cannot solve the issue, because it must be ultimately decrypted at genuine users who have legal authority to distribute content. Therefore, additional protection mechanisms are needed to discourage unauthorized redistribution. One of the mechanisms is to generate the fingerprinting of multimedia which enables a seller to trace illegal users by embedding identification information into the content. The research on fingerprinting techniques is classified into two studies: collusion resistant fingerprinting systems and cryptographic protocol. Since each user download content with his/her own fingerprint and content is a little different. If users collect some of them, they try to find the difference and modify/delete the embedded information. Unicast transmission is applied in multimedia content distribution which will be give more security to buyers. Merchant will create number of seed buyers who need to distribute the content to child buyers. All the seed buyers should be online to distribute the content. The seed buyer and child buyer fingerprint are need to store in database which will be required to find the illegal redistribution.
Index Terms: recombined fingerprinting, cryptographic, content uploading and splitting

Copy and Paste

J.Murugeswari, C.Merlin Pauliesther, "Peer-to-Peer content distribution using automatically recombined fingerprints"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Highway greening projects, in essence, is a kind of ecological restoration project. Plant as the prerequisite and important material basis of ecological restoration, the choice and utilization of plant is the key to the success of green. In the current green design, this part also has many problems. Therefore, this paper puts forward the definition of native plants in ecological theory, and summarizes the characteristics and the use of different types of plants.
Key word: highway; native plant; characteristic; principle

Copy and Paste

Ling Zequan, "Characteristics and Utilization Principle of Native Plants in Highway"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further. At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion, maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
Key word: urban traffic, traffic jams theory, congestion causes, management advice

Copy and Paste

Zhu Kai, "Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasures"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Present electronics industry component sizes are efficiently reducing to meet the product requirement with compact size with greater performance in compact size products resulting in different problems from thermal prospective to bring product better performance electrically and mechanically.
In this paper we will study how to overcome the thermal problem for a product which includes components reliability and PCB performance by using CFD thermal simulation tool (Ansys Icepak).

Copy and Paste

B. Raja, V. Praveenkumar, M. Leelaprasad, P. Manigandan, "Thermal Simulations of an Electronic System using Ansys Icepak"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Activities of extractive industry (NLNG is typical) introduces some chemical substances into the groundwater. These change the groundwater signature and bioaccumulation of some of these classified as hazardous may result in various wealth challenges. Seven areas within the plant where identified by NLNG Six as high risk pollution areas and one (Nature Park) as no pollution risk area. Groundwater samples were collected from all seven areas and analyzed for the presence of Cu, Cr, Zn, nitrate, phosphate and PH. Samples from the no pollution risk area served as control. Results were compared with WHO limits. Except for Cr content which was stable, other results showed fluctuations with time, albeit on the increase, though all remained within WHO limits. Nitrate value is fast approaching limit and requires urgent attention. Unexpected high values of the measured parameters were observed at Nature Park (no pollution risk area) even beyond the high risk pollution areas. This precludes NLNG activities being responsible. The necessity of pre-activity groundwater quality assessment is thus established. Close monitoring of groundwater quality of the extractive industry zones is vital for the protection of source quality.
Key word: NLNG, Ground water, Pollution, Leachate, Monitoring, WHO Limits, Extractive Industry.

Copy and Paste

Uneke Louis Agwu and Akpan Paul Pualinus, "Leachate Monitoring In The Extracative Industry: A Case Study Of Nigerian Liquified Natural Gas Plant"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Geoenvironmental study of ABUAD female dumpsite was conducted to investigate the suitability of its location and potential impact on groundwater in the environment. Profiling and Vertical electrical sounding methods were employed using Dipole - Dipole and Schlumberger configuration respectively. Five points were sounded and one profile was occupied. Three heterogeneous subsurface lithologic units were established namely; lateritic topsoil, clayey-sand, and, fresh basement. The curve types are simple H and HA. The topsoil and clayey-sand materials are characterized with relatively low resistivity values while the fresh basement materials are characterized with high resistivity values. The average resistivity and thickness values for the topsoil are 280.0Ωm and.2.3m respectively. Clayey-sand was encountered in all the locations with average resistivity and thickness values of 32.0Ωm and 7.3m respectively. Basement is relatively shallow in the study area, it was encountered in all the locations with an average resistivity and depth values to the top of basement of 674Ωm, and 9.6m respectively. Overburden materials are relatively thin within the area with an average resistivity and thickness values of 156Ωm, and 9.6m respectively. The overburden materials constituting the aquiferous units within the study area are porous, vulnerable, and good paths for leachate migration. The relatively low resistivity values within the clayey-sand layers (14 - 61Ωm) are suggestive of leachate intrusion, while relatively high resistivity values of the impervious basement are due to their crystalline nature. The proximity of the dumpsite to both the cafeteria and residential halls is a cause for concern.
Key word: Geoenvironmental, Suitability, Heterogeneous subsurface, Leachate migration, Impervious basement.

Copy and Paste

Ogundana, A.K, Aladesanmi A. O, Olutomilola O.O, Okunade A, "Geo Environmental Investigation of Abuad Dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, we discusses about five functionalities of data mining in IOT that affects the performance and that are: Data anomaly detection, Data clustering, Data classification, feature selection, time series prediction. Some important algorithm has also been reviewed here of each functionalities that show advantages and limitations as well as some new algorithm that are in research direction. Here we had represent knowledge view of data mining in IOT.

Copy and Paste

Shweta Bhatia, Sweety Patel, "Analysis on different Data mining Techniques and algorithms used in IOT"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Recent advancements in technology, tiny size, cost effectiveness have made sensors as a crucial part of real world sensitive applications. These sensor nodes are scattered over an area to monitor the situations like fire, flood and record the data and to forward meaningful data to the center head node for observation, resulting an advance prompt to control the situation. In last decade, WSN have grown significantly in variety of areas and applications, resulted the high, consistent security mechanism. Also, there is variety of attacks on WSN at their different layers of architecture. Though sensor nodes are not capable enough in terms of power, processing etc. but applications based on these sensors demand on-time collection of information or data and then to send same on reliable, secure delivery medium. Small sensors with limited hardware, processing cannot afford traditional security mechanisms to face or sustain the attacks. There are variety of attacks at different layers of WSN architecture to affect sensor‟s roles like signaling, framing, transmission etc. Many Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are identified at each layer of WSN which are purposeful, planned attacks to hamper the availability of service, restricting the sensor node‟s utility for problem solution. In this paper we will focus on the WSN architecture, characteristics, constraints and various types of DoS attacks primarily on physical and data link layers and particularly at network layer in details with some suggestions against attacks.
Key word: Wireless, Sensor, Power, Denial of Service DoS, Attack, Vulnerabilities.

Copy and Paste

Sunil Ghildiyal, Bhupender Singh Rautela, Anupam Semwal, "Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks at Network Layer in WSN"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

DRAM(dynamic random access memory) is most widely used in memorytoday. Leakage power is the main issue of DRAM cell. Iteffects the performance of the DRAM. In this paper introduce a new technique ie adaptive technique a spare wire is used to reroute the data in cell which is damaged.

Copy and Paste

Divya k, Dr.Sunil Jacob, Mr. Vinoj P.G, "Testing DRAM and Correcting errorsby using Adaptive Technique"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This article reports on the optical analysis of Cu²⁺ (0.5 mol %): 59.5B₂O₃ – 20 TeO₂ – 10CdO – 10Li₂O glass. From XRD spectrum , amorphous nature of the glass has been studied. Absorption spectrum of the copper glass shows a broad absorption band (²B1g→²B1g) at 829 nm has been observed. Emission spectrum of Cu²⁺ (0.5 mol %): 59.5B₂O₃ – 20 TeO₂ – 10CdO – 10Li₂O glass has exhibits a blue emission at 439 nm with an excitation wavelength 379 nm.
Key word: absorption, Cu²⁺ : glass, emission, excitation, XRD

Copy and Paste

M.Bhushana Reddy, P.Giridhar, B. Sudhakar Reddy, "Optical analysis of Cu²⁺: CdO - Li₂O - B₂O₃ -TeO₂ glass"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Medium carbon steel EN8 has a wide variety of applications in oil, gas and tool industries. It is most commonly used where high tensile strength is required. In the present work, an attempt has been made to explore the effect of machining parameters on Surface Roughness (Ra). Taguchi's single objective optimization technique is used to optimize the machining parameters in EDM for EN8 steel. For the experimentation Taguchi's L27 Orthogonal array has been used. The input parameters selected are Pulse on time (PON), Pulse off time (POFF), Wire tension (WT) and Wire feed (WF). From the Taguchi results, optimal combination of machining parameters for Surface Roughness is found at Pulse-on time (PON) level 3(131μs), Pulse-off time (POFF) level 2 (58μs), Wire tension (WT) level 1(2 Kg-f) and Wire feed rate (WF) level 1(4m/min). ANOVA was used to find the influence of machining parameters on Surface Roughness. From the results, it is found that wire feed rate (WF) has high influence (F = 47.16) and Pulse-off time (TOFF) has very low influence (F = 1.57) in effecting the Surface Roughness. Regression model for Surface Roughness has been prepared by using MINITAB-16 software. Experimental values and Regression values of Surface Roughness were compared and from the graph, it is clear that both the values are very close to each other. Hence, Regression model prepared is accurate, adequate and it can be used for the prediction of Surface Roughness.
Key word: EN8 steel, Surface Roughness (Ra), Taguchi, ANOVA.

Copy and Paste

Ch. Maheswara Rao, K. Suresh Babu, G. Venumadhav, "Evaluation of Optimal Parameters for Surface Roughness Using Single Objective Taguchi Method"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, an iterative forecasting methodology for time series prediction that integrates wavelet de-noising and decomposition with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Bootstrap methods is put forward here. Basically, a given time series to be forecasted is initially decomposed into trend and noise (wavelet) components by using a wavelet de-noising algorithm. Both trend and noise components are then further decomposed by means of a wavelet decomposition method producing orthonormal Wavelet Components (WCs) for each one. Each WC is separately modelled through an ANN in order to provide both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. At each time t, the respective forecasts of the WCs of the trend and noise components are simply added to produce the in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts of the underlying time series. Finally, out-of-sample predictive densities are empirically simulated by the Bootstrap sampler and the confidence intervals are then yielded, considering some level of credibility. The proposed methodology, when applied to the well-known Canadian lynx data that exhibit non-linearity and non-Gaussian properties, has outperformed other methods traditionally used to forecast it.
Key word: Artificial neural networks, bootstrap sample, forecasts, time series, wavelet de-noising, wavelet decomposition.

Copy and Paste

Tásia Hickmann, Liliana M. Gramani, Eloy Kaviski, Luiz A. T. Júnior, Samuel B. Rodrigues, "A Combination of Wavelet Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Bootstrap Sampler in Time Series Prediction"Vol. 5 - Issue 11 (November - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com