- An Analytical Method for Static Earth Pressure Distribution
against Rectangular Shallow Tunnels Using Lateral Deformation
Farzad Habibbeygi, Amin Chegenizadeh, Hamid Nikraz
[Abstract]
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[Cite]
Abstract:
Analytical methods for computing the lateral earth pressure against tunnel is vastly used by engineers all over the
world. Conventional analytical methods compute the lateral pressure in either active or passive state while the
stress state usually falls between these two boundaries in many practical cases. Furthermore, using these
boundary coefficients lead to either overestimated or underestimated results in design. Thus, a modified method
based on the strain increment theory for calculating the lateral pressure against rectangular tunnels is presented
herein to consider the amount of lateral deformation at each depth. First, the results for different values of
overburden depth, friction angle and wall mobilized angle are investigated. Then comparative finite element
analyses were performed to examine the effectiveness of the method. According to this study, the pressure
pattern is completely nonlinear especially at the corners of tunnel lining. In fact, the pressure increases
nonlinearly to about three times of the value at top. Lateral earth pressure decreases with the increase of friction
angle which is in good agreement with finite element results. Overall, the pressure patterns derived by this
method for shallow depths (less than tunnel height) are almost the same as those computed by finite element
method.
Key word: Cut-and-cover, earth pressure, Finite element, strain increment method, tunnel
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Copy and PasteFarzad Habibbeygi, Amin Chegenizadeh, Hamid Nikraz, "An Analytical Method for Static Earth Pressure Distribution against Rectangular Shallow Tunnels Using Lateral Deformation" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- A Low power and area efficient CLA adder design using Full
swing GDI technique
Matcha Hemanth Kumar, Prof. Dr.S.M.VALI
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
The low power VLSI design has an important role in designing of many electronic systems. While designing
any combinational or sequential circuits, the important parameters like power consumption, implementation
area, voltage leakage and performance of the circuit are to be considered. Design of area, high speed and powerefficient
data path logic systems forms the largest areas of research in VLSI system design. This paper presents
a low power Carry look ahead adder design using Full swing Gate diffusion (FS-GDI) technique. The proposed
CLA implementation utilizes improved full-swing GDI F1 and F2 gates, which are the counterparts of standard
CMOS NAND and NOR gates. The basic Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) logic style suffers from some practical
limitations like swing degradation, fabrication complexity in standard CMOS process and bulk connections.
These limitations can be overcome by Full swing GDI technique. The proposed technique utilizes a single swing
restoration (SR) transistor to improve the output swing of F1 and F2 GDI gates. A 16-bit CLA is designed and
Simulations are performed by Mentor graphics 130nm CMOS technology ELDO simulator. Simulation results
have shown a greater reduction in delay, power dissipation and area.
Key word: Full swing Gate Diffusion Input (FS-GDI), Low Power Design, Full swing 3T EXOR, delay,
efficient area.
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Copy and PasteMatcha Hemanth Kumar, Prof. Dr.S.M.VALI, "A Low power and area efficient CLA adder design using Full swing GDI technique" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Performance Evaluation of Photo-Voltaic fed Brushless Direct
Current Motor for Agricultural applications
B.V.A.S.S.R.Krishna, K.Narasimha Rao & Basam venkata Rao
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
This work presents an effective approach towards reduction of steps in power conversion from solar
photovoltaic system to load. When a Photovoltaic system is fed to an induction motor, it requires MPPT
controller and an Inverter circuit in first and second stages since Induction motor works with a.c supply. By
eliminating the Inverter circuit and employing a BLDC motor the efficiency of the system can be improved. The
BLDC motor works under Electronic commutation principle with VSI embedded in the motor. A PV Panel fed
to the "R" load with Hill Climbing MPPT is considered along with practical irradiance data. Simulation is
carried out by formulating the mathematical model for the photovoltaic source, MPPT, Motor. System
performance‟s are investigated under different levels of solar insolation.
Keywords: BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) Motor, MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker), PV (Photovoltaic)
cell, VSI (Voltage Source Inverter)
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Copy and PasteB.V.A.S.S.R.Krishna, K.Narasimha Rao & Basam venkata Rao, "Performance Evaluation of Photo-Voltaic fed Brushless Direct Current Motor for Agricultural applications" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- TNM Method Results Compared with Finite Element Analysis for
a 30 KW SCIM Motor
A. Ravi Prasad, Dr. K Prahlada Rao
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
The Thermal network model (TNM) of ten node 37 thermal resistances is considered as the highly detailed one
for thermal distribution of all the TNM models. This model is reported to be the one that can take care of most
of the complexities in geometry and estimation of convective heat transfer coefficients. Results obtained for the
30 KW motor using the above TNM model have been compared with that of Finite element Analysis using
ANSYS. Listing of the MATLAB programs is presented as annexure.
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Copy and PasteA. Ravi Prasad, Dr. K Prahlada Rao, "TNM Method Results Compared with Finite Element Analysis for a 30 KW SCIM Motor"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- A Mathematical Model to Solve Nonlinear Initial and Boundary
Value Problems by LDTM
Kiranta Kumari, Praveen Kumar Gupta, Gauree Shanker
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
In this paper, a novel method called Laplace-differential transform method (LDTM) is used to obtain an
approximate analytical solution for strong nonlinear initial and boundary value problems associated in
engineering phenomena. It is determined that the method works very well for the wide range of parameters and
an excellent agreement is demonstrated and discussed between the approximate solution and the exact one in
three examples. The most significant features of this method are its capability of handling non-linear boundary
value problems.
Key word: LDTM, Non-linear PDEs, Initial Conditions, Boundary conditions.
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Copy and PasteKiranta Kumari, Praveen Kumar Gupta, Gauree Shanker, "A Mathematical Model to Solve Nonlinear Initial and Boundary Value Problems by LDTM"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Collapse Behaviour and Energy Absorption of Aluminium Tubes
Filled with Wood Sawdust
Raj Kiran, Nimish Khandelwal, Pushkar Tripathi
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Experiments on filled and empty circular thin walled Aluminium AA6063 tubes with varying L/D ratios have
been performed to study load compression and energy absorbed for quasi static axial and oblique loading.
Dependence of deformation characteristics and energy absorption responses have been studied. Energy
absorption was measured from load-displacement graph obtained from UTM using MATLAB. Tubes were
clamped at the lower end and axial and oblique loads were applied by applying a force at upper end with
different angles to the centreline of column. Peak loads and absorbed energies have been compared for filled
and empty tubes for same L/D ratio. Experimental results are used to determine energy absorption capacity due
to plastic deformation of thin walled tube. The goal of the research was to study the interaction between the
forming and crash response of Al AA6063 in order to evaluate its potential for use in vehicle design for
crashworthiness.
Key word: Aluminium tube, Axial compression, Crashworthiness, Energy absorption, Thin walled circular tube.
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Copy and PasteRaj Kiran, Nimish Khandelwal, Pushkar Tripathi, "Collapse Behaviour and Energy Absorption of Aluminium Tubes Filled with Wood Sawdust" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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- Analysis of the Difference between the Normal Vision and the
Experiencing Cataract Vision on Binocular Color Fusion Limit
Shi Wang, Mamoru Takamatsu
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
The optical instruments design for binocular vision has become an earnest demand towards the arrival of an
ageing society. It is necessary to measure how color difference between left and right images by elderly people,
which the color rivalry occurs. In this study, we measured the limit of binocular color fusion in the normal vision
and the cataract experiencing vision which is aiming to simulate the elderly vision. The result shows that the
color fusion limit curve in cataract experiencing vision are very similar with those in normal vision. Compared
with the binocular color fusion limit in normal vision Δλdn, the binocular color fusion limit in cataract
experiencing vision Δλdc is approximately 3~39nm increased on the central vision, 4~22nm on the retinal
eccentricity of 3°, 5~23nm on the retinal eccentricity of 6°, and 5~24nm on the retinal eccentricity of 9°. The
results also reveal that a similar limit is observed in the range of 520~560nm in both normal and cataract
experiencing visions, which might give some potential evidences for designing 3D equipment. In addition, the
minimum value of the binocular color fusion limit exists at 590nm either in the normal vision or the cataract
experiencing vision during all retinal eccentricities.
Key word: Binocular color fusion limit, Cataract experiencing vision, Color rivalry, Normal vision
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Copy and PasteFarzad Habibbeygi, Amin Chegenizadeh, Hamid Nikraz, "An Analytical Method for Static Earth Pressure Distribution against Rectangular Shallow Tunnels Using Lateral Deformation" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Numerical Modelling of Soil Improvement Using Geo-fabrics
Tanika Roychowdhury, Jay N. Meegoda
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
A series of finite element (FE) simulations are carried out to evaluate the benefits of integrating a high modulus
geo-fabric as reinforcement into the soil-layers in this paper. Finite element analysis can handle complex
geometry, different boundary conditions and material properties with ease. In the present study a finite element
program, PLAXIS, which has proved its efficacy in geotechnical application, is used. This paper presents a two
dimensional plain strain finite element model that analysis of foundation in unreinforced and geo-fabric
reinforced soil subjected to distributed load condition.
Key word: Finite Element Method, Bearing capacity, Settlement, Reinforced layer, Contour curve, Deformed
Mesh
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Copy and PasteTanika Roychowdhury, Jay N. Meegoda, "Numerical Modelling of Soil Improvement Using Geo-fabrics"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Investigation for Strength of Layering of Pelletized Balls Used As
Feed for Gas Solid Reaction
P. Sagar Suresh Rao, V. Suman, V. Vamshi Krishna, Savita Belwal, M.
Bhagvanth Rao
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
To bring the mandatory changes in feed preparation of conventional methods of gas solid reactions the method
of pelletization is introduced. This paper provides the best case of balls which are sustainable to pressure
maintained for gas solid reaction so that desired size and production rate of balls can be achieved. Pelletization
is agglomeration technique which is beneficial with fine powder to improve feed preparation present in the gas
solid reaction. This technique is useful to increase production rate and to reduce the difficulties which occur in
production by mechanical means with heavy mechanical operating devices. Currently many of the chemical
industries are using briquettes for gas solid reaction which consume extra power, cost and time. Hence this can
be substituted by using pelletization and material science technique. Pellets should be improvised alternated feed
preparation for gas solid reaction as manufacturing of pellet consumes less time and power. It has better surface
area and porosity when compared to the briquettes. Few sets of experiments have been done to overcome factors
affecting in pellet making and positive result are observed.
Key word: Pelletization, material science technique, feed for gas solid reaction, layering, agglomeration and
kinetics.
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Copy and PasteP. Sagar Suresh Rao, V. Suman, V. Vamshi Krishna, Savita Belwal, M. Bhagvanth Rao, "Investigation for Strength of Layering of Pelletized Balls Used As Feed for Gas Solid Reaction" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single
Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct
Ranuva Nageswara Rao, Dr. S.S Tulasiram
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
20% of failures in Gas Insulated Substations are due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the
form of loose particles. In this paper a single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct with inner diameter conductor
55mm and diameter of enclosure 150 mm is considered. Three particles of different sizes assumed to be rest at a
position, Power frequency voltages of 100 kV, 132 kV ,145 and 200 kV are applied to single Phase GIS bus.
The motion of the three particles is simulated for different voltages using MATLAB. Effect of the three particles
for power frequency voltage on particle movement are analyzed and time of collisions of the particle at first time
is determined for various voltages. And also the horizontal and vertical distances at which the particles collide
are determined for Particles of aluminum and copper of 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm radius, 10 mm length
and 0.15 mm radius and 7 mm and 0.25 radii. The max displacement of the particles when each particle at a time
is considered (without collision) are compared with the max radial displacements of three particles at a time by
considering the collisions. The results show that the three particle collide at different points depending on the
particles position , the velocity and direction of the particle changes after collisions.. The results show that the
max displacement of particles is higher due to collisions as compared with (without collisions) when each
particle at a time is considered.
Key word: Multiple particles , Gas Insulated Substations, Particles Contamination, MATLAB.
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Copy and PasteRanuva Nageswara Rao, Dr. S.S Tulasiram, "Effect of voltage on multiple particles and collisions in a single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Improvement of Marine Clay Performance Using Geo-Textile
Encased Stone Column
S. Siva Gowri Prasad, G. Divya, P.V.V. Satyanarayana
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
The use of stone columns is a popular ground reinforcing technique for flexible structures like raft foundations,
oil storage tanks, embankments etc. The stone column technique is a cost effective method of improving the
strength parameters like bearing capacity and reduce the settlements. When stone columns in soft soil are
loaded, it undergoes excessive bulging due to low lateral confinement. To avoid this excessive bulging, stone
column is encased with geotextile. In the present study tests were performed with and without encasement of
geotextile. Stone column is encased with geotextile with different lengths of encasement like L/4, L/2, 3L/4 &
L. The tests indicate that the bearing capacity increases with increase of encasement length.
Key word: Geo-textile, Marine clay, Silica-Manganese slag, Stone column.
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Copy and PasteS. Siva Gowri Prasad, G. Divya, P.V.V. Satyanarayana , "Improvement of Marine Clay Performance Using Geo-Textile Encased Stone Column"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- A Novel Efficient VLSI Architecture for IEEE 754 Floating point
multiplier using Modified CSA
Nishi Pandey, Virendra Singh
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Due to advancement of new technology in the field of VLSI and Embedded system, there is an increasing
demand of high speed and low power consumption processor. Speed of processor greatly depends on its
multiplier as well as adder performance. In spite of complexity involved in floating point arithmetic, its
implementation is increasing day by day. Due to which high speed adder architecture become important. Several
adder architecture designs have been developed to increase the efficiency of the adder. In this paper, we
introduce an architecture that performs high speed IEEE 754 floating point multiplier using modified carry
select adder (CSA). Modified CSA depend on booth encoder (BEC) Technique. Booth encoder, Mathematics is
an ancient Indian system of Mathematics. Here we are introduced two carry select based design. These designs
are implementation Xilinx Vertex device family.
Key word: IEEE754, Single Precision Floating Point (SP FP), Double Precision Floating Point (DP FP),
Binary to Execess-1 ()
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Copy and PasteNishi Pandey, Virendra Singh, "A Novel Efficient VLSI Architecture for IEEE 754 Floating point multiplier using Modified CSA"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Research Intensity Synthesis of Propionic Acid and Vitamin B12
Propionibacteria
Kuznetsova Tatyana, Halymbetova Aizhan, Kulnazarov Batyr, Saubenova
Margarita
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Conducted the selection and breeding of strains of Propionibacterium shermanii ability to synthesize vitamin
B12 and propionic acid. Dedicated 9 propionibacteria strains synthesize vitamin B12 (180-1200 mcgr/ml ) and
propionic acid (0,63- 2,53 g/l).
Key word: Propionic acid bacteria, vitamin B12, propionic acid, strain, selection.
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Copy and PasteKuznetsova Tatyana, Halymbetova Aizhan, Kulnazarov Batyr, Saubenova Margarita, "Research Intensity Synthesis of Propionic Acid and Vitamin B12 Propionibacteria"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Study of Noise Levels at Commercial and Industrial Areas in an
Urban Environment
K.V. Dharmendra Kumar, N. Srinivas
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
Noise is undesirable sound caused by industrial and human activities that are detrimental to quality of an
individual. Long term exposure to noise may induce physiological, psychological and behavioral changes. In
the present study, different environmental backdrops of Secunderabad is selected as a case study to assess
ambient noise levels generated by industrial and traffic activities. The average equivalent noise levels Leq at
different locations of Trimulgherry (Commercial and Residential) area and the other Jeedimetla, an industrial
corridor were measured for a period of one month. The noise level indices (L10, L50, L90) and Traffic Noise Index
(TNI), Noise Climate (NC), Noise pollution Level (Lnp) were calculated. Leq. at two study locations have
reported higher values during day and night average noise levels along with all the other Indices (TNI and Lnp).
The higher value is due to increase of vehicles, industrial and human activities. The calculated Leq was predicted
by using Calixto model and the regression between Observed and Calculated Leq has shown good value of
correlation coefficient (R2) for both the study locations.
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Copy and PasteK.V. Dharmendra Kumar, N. Srinivas, "Study of Noise Levels at Commercial and Industrial Areas in an Urban Environment"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Influence of Different Parameters on Heat Pipe Performance
Sharmishtha Singh Hada, Prof. P. K. Jain
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
In electrical and electronic industry due to miniaturization of electronic components heat density increases
which, in turns increases the heat flux inside it. Scientist and many researchers are doing lot of work in this field
for thermal management of devices. Heat pipe is a device that is used in electronic circuit (micro and power
electronics), spacecraft & electrical components for cooling purpose. It is based on the principle of evaporation
and condensation of working fluid. Heat pipe made up of three main parts are evaporator, adiabatic and
condenser sections. In this working fluid vaporise at evaporator and transfers heat to condenser by adiabatic
section where heat release to surrounding. Vapour flows possible from evaporator to condenser section due to
vapour pressure difference exist between them. Use of heat pipe material, type of working fluid & its property,
wick structure, orientation, filled ratio, operating condition, dimensions of pipe has a prominent effect on heat
pipe performance. Variation of these parameters for minimum thermal resistance gives better performance.
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Copy and PasteSharmishtha Singh Hada, Prof. P. K. Jain, "Influence of Different Parameters on Heat Pipe Performance"Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
- Delay Optimization of Low Power Reversible Gate using MOS
Transistor Level design
Mukesh Kumar Kushwaha, Amit Kumar
[Abstract]
[PDF]
[Cite]
Abstract:
In Semiconductor industry has witnessed and explosive growth of integration of sophisticated multimedia base
application onto mobile electronic gadget since the last decade. The critical concern in this aspect is to reduce the
power consumption beyond a certain range of operating frequency. An important factor in the design of VLSI
circuits is the choices of reversible logic. Basically conventionally digital circuits have been implemented using
the logic gates, which were irreversible in nature only NOT gate are reversible. These irreversible gates produce
energy loss due to the information bits lost during the operation information loss occurs because the total number
of output signals generated is less than total number of input signals applied. In reversible if the input vector can
be uniquely recovered from the output vector and if there is a one to one correspondence between its input and
output logic. This paper present a new representation of existing reversible gate in MOS transistor. The MOS
transistor designing using a gate diffusion input. Those new representation of MOS transistor has a hoping future
in design of low power consumption circuits and high speed application.
Key word: Reversible logic, Garbage Output, Quantum cost, Gate diffusion input, Low Power VLSI.
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Copy and PasteMukesh Kumar Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, "Delay Optimization of Low Power Reversible Gate using MOS Transistor Level design" Vol. 5 - Issue 10 (October - 2015), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com
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