Peer Reviewed Journal

Effect of Thermo-Diffusion and Chemical Reaction on Mixed Convective Heat And Mass Transfer Through A Porous Medium In Cylindrical Annulus With Heat Source.

Abstract: A finite element study of combined heat and mass transfer flow through a porous medium in a circular cylindrical annulus with Soret and Dufour effects in the presence of heat sources has been analyzed. The coupled velocity, energy, and diffusion equations are solved numerically by using Galerkin- finite element technique. Shear stress, Nusslet number and Sherwood number are evaluated numerically for different values of the governing parameters under consideration and are shown in tabular form.

Key words: Heat and mass transfer, Soret effect, Dufour effect, Constant heat source, and Chemical reaction.

Reference
[1]. Al Nimr MA(1993): Analytical solutions for transient laminar fully developed free convection in vertical annulus.,Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer ,V.36,pp.2388-2395.
[2]. Angel M, Takhar HS, and Pop I (2000): Dofour and Soret effects on free convection boundary layer over a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium. Studia universities- Bolyai, Mathematica XLV, pp. 11-21.
[3]. Antonio Barletle(1999): Combined forced and free convection with viscous dissipation in a vertical duct.,Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,V.42,pp.2243-2253.
[4]. Barletta A, Lazzari.S,(2008): Mixed convection with heating effects in a vertical porous annulus with a radially varying magnetic field.
[5]. Caltirone,JP(1976):J.Fluid Mech,V.76,p.337.

The Study of Water Stability for SBS and Polyacrylate Composite Modified Asphalt Mixture

Abstract: Polyacrylate (Polyacrylate, called PAE) is a kind of thermoplastic polymer latex, which is easy to form a waterproof membrane and has greater adhesion ,always be used in concrete to enhance its ability to resist water corrosion.SBS is an inorganic modifier for modified asphalt mixture will help to improve the high and low temperature stability and other road performance, ect.However,its ability to enhanced asphalt mixture's resistance for water damage is not obvious. In order to research the two composite modified asphalt mixture's resistance effects to water damage , the Marshall Stability Test and Fort Kentucky Flooding Scattering Experiments were used on asphalt mixtures, SBS modified asphalt mixture and composite modified asphalt mixture and the effect of different composite modified PAE content were studied. The results showed that: PAE can significantly improve the water stability of asphalt mixture, what's more, with the increase use of PAE,the mass loss rate of asphalt mixture decreases steadily.

Key words: Asphalt mixture; Composite modified; Water stability;SBS; PAE

Reference
[1] Zhang voyage; Guoxiong; Mengqiao Juan. Fiber Asphalt Mixture Stability Evaluation Method [J] Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science) 2008 (5) 78-81.
[2] into the natural; Xu Dongliang asphalt indoor water damage [J]. Asphalt 2010 (4), 12-15.
[3] JTG E 20-2011 highway asphalt and asphalt testing procedures [S]. Beijing: People's Communications Press, 2011 WEI mixture of water ice .OGFC stability evaluation method [J] Highway Engineering 2010, (5)
[4] Wang Hui;; Liu Liping: 82-84.
[5] Chen Ruoxiang, diatomite modified asphalt binder performance test [J]. Highway Engineering, 2013,10 (5) 254-258.

Analysis Of The Structure Of A Material Used In The Manufacture Of Thermal Chucks For Fixing Tools Cutting Using Finite Elements

Abstract: The dynamic stability of machine has its own importance in the quality of the machined product. With the development of new technologies for cutting tools, as the geometries and materials, cutting speeds used today reach values inconceivable for two decades. In the automotive industry steel and cast iron are gradually being replaced by lower density material and even lower costs. In complex shapes tools, heterogeneous material removal in roughing, sudden changes of sections, etc. Stress relieving treatment should be carried out to minimize dimensional variations of form during quenching and tempering. Materials for manufacture of thermal fixing most appropriate for that operating system still needs to be further investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the elastic behavior of the material used in the manufacture of tooling systems for cutting tools. Has been evaluated In fastening system, the temperature variation exerted on the mandrel body region and the thermal expansion where H13 steel can withstand the assembly process by thermal interference. This method can determine the amount of number of cycles until the onset of fatigue that material

Key words: elastic behavior, thermal fixing, drilling, drill, Temperature clamping systems.

Reference
[1.] ABAQUS/Standard User Manual, Version 6.10, 2011.
[2.] BEER, F.; JOHNSTON, R.; Resistência dos Materiais, 3. ed. São Paulo: Makron Books, 1995
[3.] CHIAVERINI, V. Aços e ferros fundidos. 4ª ed. São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Metais, 1979, p. 19.
[4.] COSMOS/CAE, User's Manual, Version 2011, 2011.
[5.] HARRIS, S.G.; VLASVED, A.C; DOYLE, E.D;DOLDER, P.J. Dry machining – commercial viability through filtered arc vapour deposited coating Surface and Coating Technology , n.133-134, pp 383-388, 2000.

DESIGN OF A LOW POWER MULTIBAND CLOCK DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT USING SINGLE PHASE CLOCK

Abstract: The clock distribution network consumes nearly 70% of the total power consumed by the integrated circuit since this is the only signal which has the highest switching activity. Normally for a multiband clock domain network we develop a multiple PLL to cater the need. This project aim for developing a low power true single phase clock(TSPC) multiband network which will supply for the multi clock domain network. In this paper, a wide band 2/3 prescaler is verified in the design of proposed wide band multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler. A dynamic logic multiband flexible integer-n divider based on pulse swallow topology is proposed which uses a low power wide band 2/3 prescaler and a wide band multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler. Since the multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler has a maximum operating frequency of 6.2GHz, the values of P and S counters can actually be programmed to divide over the whole range of frequencies. However the P and S counter are programmed accordingly. The proposed multiband flexible divider also uses an improved loadable bit cell for swallow counter and consumes a power of 0.96 and 2.2mW. This project is highly useful and recommended for communication applications like Bluetooth, Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.11 a/b/g WLAN frequency synthesizers which are proposed based on pulse swallow topology. This design is modelled using Verilog simulated tool "MODELSIM 6.4b‟ and implemented and synthesized using "Xilinx ISE 10.1‟.

Key words: True single phase clock (TSPC), Frequency synthesizer, Multimodulus prescaler, Phase locked loop (PLL)

Reference
[1] Vamshi Krishna Manthena, Manh Anh Do, Chirn Chye Boon, and Kiat Seng Yeo "A Low-Power Single-Phase Clock Multiband Flexible Divider" , IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 20, no. 2, February 2012.
[2] H.R.Rategh et al., "A CMOS frequency synthesizer with an injected locked frequency divider for 5-GHz wireless LAN receiver," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 780-787, May 2000.
[3] P. Y. Deng et al., "A 5GHz frequency synthesizer with an injection locked frequency divider and differential switched capacitors," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 320-326, Feb. 2009.
[4] L. Lai Kan Leung et al., "A 1-V 9.7-mW CMOS Frequency synthesizer for IEEE 802.11a transceivers," IEEE Trans. Microwind. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. I, pp. 39-48, Jan. 2008.
[5] M. Alioto and G. Palumbo, Model and Design of Bipolar and MOS Current-Mode Logic Digital Circuits. New York: Springer, 2005.

A Robust Image Watermarking Based On Gradient Vector Quantization and Denoising Using Contourlet Transform

Abstract: We propose a robust quantization-based image watermarking scheme, called the gradient direction watermarking (GDWM).This is based on the uniform quantization of the direction of gradient vectors. In GDWM, the watermark bits are embedded by quantizing the angles of significant gradient vectors at multiple wavelet scales. The proposed scheme has the following advantages: 1)Increased invisibility of the embedded watermark because the watermark is embedded in significant gradient vectors, 2) robustness to amplitude scaling attacks because the watermark is embedded in the angles of the gradient vectors, and 3) increased watermarking capacity as the scheme uses multiple-scale embedding.. This watermarking technique is more Robust tovarious sizes of watermark Images.we construct a discrete-domain multiresolution and multidirectional expansion using non-separable filter banks, in much the same way that wavelets were derived from filter banks. This construction results in a flexible mutiresolution, local, and directional image expansion using contour segments, and thus it is named the contourlettransform. The discrete contourlet transform has a fast iterated filter bank algorithm that requires order N operations for N-pixel images. Finally, we show simulation results using contourlet denoising method over wavelet.

Key words: ContourletTransform ,denoising, digital watermarking,gradientdirection quantization, wavelets.

Reference
[1] D. Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, ―Digital watermarking for telltaletamper proofing and authentication,‖ Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp.1167–1180, Jul. 1999.
[2] B. Chen and G. W. Wornell, ―Quantization index modulation: A classof provably good methods for digital watermarking and informationembedding,‖ IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1423–1443,May 2001.
[3] F. Perez-Gonzlez and F. Balado, ―Quantized projection data hiding,‖in Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 889–892.
[4] L.-H. Chen and J.-J. Lin, ―Mean quantization based image watermarking,"Image Vis. Comput., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 717–727, 2003
[5] S.-H. Wang and Y.-P. Lin, ―Wavelet tree quantization for copyrightprotection watermarking," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 13, no. 2,pp. 154-165,Feb.2004.

Performance of RGB and L Base Supervised Classification Technique Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery

Abstract: In the present growth of sensor technology is to improve the new chance and applications in GIS. This enhances the technology law a new method that should not focus on real time available products, but it must automatically lead to new ones. The aim of the paper is to make a maximum use of remote sensing data and GIS techniques to access land use and land cover classification in the Kiliyar sub basin sector in palar river of northen part of Tamil Nadu.IRS P6 LISS III is merged data to perform the classification using ERDAS Imaging. The RGB and L base supervised classification was based up on a Multispectral analysis, land use and land cover information‟s (maps and existing reports), which involves advanced technology and complex data processing to find detailed imagery in the study region. Ground surface reflects more radar energy emitted by the sensor from the study region, which makes it easy to distinguish between the water body, hilly, agriculture, settlement and wetland.

Key words: Multispectral, Classification, RGB&L, SAM, SCM,

Reference
[1] Ozesmi, Stacy L., and Marvin E. Bauer. "Satellite remote sensing of wetlands."Wetlands ecology and management 10.5 (2002): 381-402.
[2] Fukue, Kiyonari, et al. "Evaluations of unsupervised methods for land‐cover/use classifications of landsat TM data." Geocarto International 3.2 (1988): 37-44.
[3] Lu, D., M. Batistella, and E. Moran. "Land‐cover classification in the Brazilian Amazon with the integration of Landsat ETM+ and Radarsat data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 28.24 (2007): 5447-5459.
[4] Akgün, Aykut, A. Hüsnü Eronat, and Necdet Turk. "Comparing Different Satellite Image Classification Methods: An Application In Ayvalýk District, Western Turkey." XXth International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Istanbul, Turkey. 2004.
[5] Lillesand, Thomas M., Ralph W. Kiefer, and Jonathan W. Chipman. Remote sensing and image interpretation. No. Ed. 5. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004.

Analytical Development of the Forward and Inverse Kinematics of A Robotic Leg Biologically-Inspired In Insect<

Abstract: This article proposes an analytical development for the inverseand forward kinematics of a robotic leg for robots biologically-inspired in insects. The forward and inverse kinematics is a part of the solution to models of path planning for robotic legs. The method Denavit-Hartenberg was used for the development of forward kinematics. The inverse kinematics was found using the method of inverse transformation matrices. The developed equations' results were compared tothe results of functions fkine and ikine of the robotics to olbox for Matlab, analyzing numerical and analytic calolution for the inverse kinematics.

Reference
[1] SILVA, Manuel Fernando dos Santos; Sistema Robótico de Locomoção Multipernas; 2005. Dissertação de Doutorado. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto - FEUP.
[2] CRAIG, John J. Introduction to Robotics – Mechanics and Control. 2º Ed – 1989 – Addison –Wesley Publishing Company.
[3] SPONG, Mark W.; Hutchinson, Seth; Vidyasagar, M.; Robot Modeling and Control; 2006. Editora. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
[4] FILHO, Alberto Adade. Fundamentos de Robótica- Cinemática, Dinâmica e Controle de Manipuladores Robóticos. 2001 – Centro Técnico Aeroespacial – Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - São José dos Campos – SP
[5] SANTOS, Víctor M. F.; Robótica Industrial, 2004. Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Aveiro – Portugal.

Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad

Abstract: The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers.

Key words: GIS Development, Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite system, Utility Network system.

Reference
[1] ESRI (1996). Building applications with mapobjects.
[2] Gao, S., Mioc, F., and Coleman, D.J (2009), Online GIS services for mapping and sharing disease information, International Journal of Health Geographics, 8(3), pp 1-16. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-8-3
[3] Nawaz-ul-Huda, S. Burke, F., Azam, M., Naz, S. (2012),GIS for power distribution network: A case study of Karachi, Pakistan,GEOGRAFIA Online, Malaysia Journal of Society and Space 8 issue 1 (60 - 68).
[4] Salawudeen, O.S and Rashidat, U., (2006), Electricity Distribution Engineering and Geographic Information System (DeGIS) Shape the Change XXIII FIG Congress Munich Germany, TS 72 – GIS Application – Planning Issues.
[5] Sidda, N.K., Boddu, D., Rao, R.M.K., (2011). An Eclectic mapping approach for Non Spatial Data, International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, Volume 2, No 2, 2011.

Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element Analysis

Abstract: Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety.

Key words: FEA; Modal Analysis; Static Analysis; Optimization; Mounting Bracket

Reference
[1] Karl D. Hammond, "Frequency Response Analysis", January 2008.
[2] Rogers Corporation," Materials Design: Understanding Load Vs Frequency Curves".
[3] Nitin S Gokhale, Sanjay S Deshpande, Sanjeev V Bedekar, Anand N Thite, -"Practical Finite Element Analysis".
[4] Umesh S. Ghorpade, D.S. Chavan, Vinaay Patil & Mahendra Gaikwad, "Finite Element Analysis and Natural Frequency Optimization of Engine Bracket", International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE) ISSN No. 2231 –6477, Vol-2, Iss-3, 2012.
[5] Sahil Naghate, Sandeep Patil, "Modal Analysis Of Engine Mounting Bracket Using FEA", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2. Issue4. July-August-2012,pp.1973-1979.

Analysis of Two Way Simply Supported Slabs With Central Sunk Using Finite Element Method

Abstract: Majority of the sunken slabs are constructed with supporting beams, which leads to the uneconomy of the structure and difficult in arrangement of the centering work. In this view, it is considered to analyze a two way simply supported slab of different thicknesses with central sunk having one sunk depths.The objective of the paper is to analyze a two way simply supported slab having different thicknesses of 125,150,175,and 200mm with central sunk having depths of 250mm using Finite Element Analysis. This study significantly concludes that, adopting FE analysis using STAAD Pro for analysis of two-way sunken slab is advisable. By using FE analysis using STAAD Pro, we can avoid tedious and lengthy procedure of manual methods. From the chosen sunken slab it was observed that, there is decrease in sagging moments for sunk size of 0.25lx x 0.25ly with respect to two way slab without sunk.

Key words: Sunken Slab, Aspect Ratio, Thickness, Depths and Two Way Slab.

Reference
[1]. A.M. Mont‟Alverne 2012 "Determination of the reinforced concrete slabs ultimate load using finite element method and mathematical programming" Latin American Journal of solids structures Vol.9, No.1, Rio de janeiro 2012.
[2]. K. M. A. Hossain 2005 "Design optimization of simply supported concrete slabs by finite element modeling" Struct. Multidisc Optim 30, 76–88(2005).
[3]. M. M. Smadi and K. A. Belakhdar 2007 "Development of Finite Element Code for Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs" Jordan Journal of Civil engineering Vol.1, No.2, 2007.
[4]. Johansen K.W., 1962, "Yield-Line Theory ", Cement and Concrete Association, London,.pp 181.
[5]. Sudhakar, K.J., 1998, "Moment Coefficients for the design of Irregular slabs by yield line theory." M.E, Thesis, Submitted to Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, India, pp.150.

Dynamic Response of High Rise Structures Under The Influence of Shear Walls

Abstract: This study presents the procedure for seismic performance estimation of high-rise buildings based on a concept of the capacity spectrum method. In 3D analytical model of thirty storied buildings have been generated for symmetric buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ETABS. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of concrete core wall & shear wall at different positions during earthquake, seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic and non-linear static procedure has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing Equivalent static, response spectrum method as well as pushover method has also been performed to determine capacity, demand and performance level of the considered building models. From the below studies it has been observed that non-linear pushover analysis provide good estimate of global as well as local inelastic deformation demands and also reveals design weakness that may remain hidden in an elastic analysis and also the performance level of the structure. Storey drifts are found within the limit as specified by code (IS: 1893-2002) in Equivalent static, linear dynamic & non-linear static analysis.

Key words: Shear Wall, Story Drift, Displacement, ETABS, High Rise Buildings.

Reference
[1.] IS: 1893 (Part-I) 2002 (2002): "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Part-I General Provisions and Buildings, Fifth Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[2.] Pankaj Agrawal, Manish Shrikhande, "Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Prentice Hall India Publication.
[3.] Bangle S. Taranath, Textbook of McGraw Hill International Editions, "Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Building", 1988, pp. 563-569.
[4.] IS : 875 (Part I) – 1987, "Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Dead Loads" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[5.] IS : 875 (Part II) – 1987, "Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Imposed Load" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

Fast Synchronization In IVR Using REST API For HTML5 And AJAX

Abstract: Need a web service is just a web page meant for a computer to request and process. IVR system uses REST API for data access while calling. When in call process user want to access data, server need to validate it and while validation data accessing must be synchronize with mysql server. For large data accessing API is essential. This method is for HTML5 and AJAX for fast data synchronization. REST can support any media type, but XML is expected to be the most popular transport for structured information. In IVR System problems with fast data access because before uses HTML4. Proposed work is for HTML5 with AJAX implementation.

Key words: interactive voice response, hypertext markup language 5.0, AJAX technology.

Reference
[1] M. Armbrust et al., ―Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing,‖ 2009.
[2] ―RUBiS.‖ [Online]. http://rubis.ow2.org/.
[3] C. Binnig, D. Kossmann, T. Kraska, and S. Loesing, ―How is the weather tomorrow? Towards a Benchmark for the Cloud,‖ in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Testing Data-base Systems - DBTest '09, 2009
[4] ―TPC Benchmark W (Web Commerce) Specification," San Jose, CA, USA, 2002.
[5] ―eBay.‖ [Online]. http://www.ebay.com

Synthesis & Characterization of Fluorescent Silver Nanoparticles stabilized by Tinospora Cordifolia leaf Extract-A Green Procedure

Abstract: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was achieved by a simple green procedure using Tinospora Cordifolia leaf extract as stabilizer/reducing agents. Ag-NPs in the size range of 2–19 nm is obtained by the treatment of aqueous silver ions with leaf extracts of Tinospora Cordifolia. This eco-friendly approach is simple, amenable for large scale commercial production and technical applications. Further, photoluminiscence studies of these Ag-NPs were recorded & suggested that the present particles were suitable for fluorescence emitting probes. These red emitting Ag-NPs exhibited distinct fluorescence properties (both emission and stokeshift).

Reference
[1.] Mukherjee, P. ; Ahmad, A.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Sainkar, S. R.; Khan, M. I.; Parishcha, R.; Ajaykumar, P. V.; Alam, M.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M . Fungus-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Immobilization in the Mycelial Matrix: A Novel Biological Approach to Nanoparticle Synthesis. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 515–519.
[2.] Ahmad, A.; Mukherjee, P.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Khan, M. I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M.. Enzyme Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by the Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12108–12109.
[3.] Sastry, M.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M. I.; Kumar, R . Bio synthesis of metal nanoparticles using fungi and actinomycete. Curr. Sci. 2003, 85, 162–170.
[4.] Shankar, S. S.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M . Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nano particles. Biotechnol. Prog. 2003, 19, 1627–1631.
[5.] Shankar, S. S.; Rai, A.; Ankamwar, B.; Singh, A.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M . Biological synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 482– 488.

Experimental Plans and Intensive Numerical Aided Design

Abstract: This paper deals with new methods to optimize design and subsequent phases, notably in SMEs specialized in manufacturing. SMEs use numerical simulation to verify that the design meets the expectations of the specification, following the current traditional process: CAD model, simulation of its behavior, changes in the CAD model... This process suffers from a number of drawbacks: no overall multi-criteria vision, use of CAD software, by nature "constructive, not considering the overall objectives (even with integration of the parameters or with considering the downstream phases). The research centre DINCCS led several projects, relying on industrial cases to consider more efficient approaches. It is proposed to reverse this process by making intensive simulations, based on trade knowledge, before design itself. In order to plan the great number of simulations, automatically designed plan of experiences are used. We discuss the application of this approach to intensive simulations. The stakes are crucial for SMEs, particularly manufacturing ones. Using numerical simulation (optimization) intensively, before setting the CAD model, they can get unexpected gains (mass, better use of the means of manufacture...).

Key words: design process, numerical optimization, intensive simulation

Reference
[1] Reimeringer M., Gardan N., Gardan N., Ugur H. CADFORSIM : Rules to improve the mesh quality, Proceedings of the TMCE 2008, April 21-25, 2008, Izmir, Turkey
[2] Sharpe, J.E.E., Computer Tools for Integrated Conceptual Design, Design Studies, 16(4), 471-488, 1995
[3] Madux, K. C., Jain, S.C. "CAE for the manufacturing engineer: the role of process simulation in concurrent engineering", Manufacturing Simulation and Processes, ASME, 20, 1-15, 1986
[4] Sharpe, J.E.E. "Computer Tools for Integrated Conceptual Design ", Design Studies, 16(4), 471-488, 1995
[5] Roy, R., Hinduja, S., Teti, R., Recent advances in engineering design optimization: Challenges and future trends, CIRP Annals, Manufacturing technology, 2008

Hardware Design of a Smart Meter

Abstract: Smart meters are electronic measurement devices used by utilities to communicate information for billing customers and operating their electric systems. This paper presents the hardware design of a smart meter. Sensing and circuit protection circuits are included in the design of the smart meter in which resistors are naturally a fundamental part of the electronic design. Smart meters provides a route for energy savings, real-time pricing, automated data collection and eliminating human errors due to manual readings which would ultimately reduce labour costs, diagnosis and instantaneous fault detection. This allows for predictive maintenance resulting in a more efficient and reliable distribution network.

Key words: Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Automated Meter Reading system (AMR), Communication, Power line carrier (PLC) PLC, Smart grid, Smart meters.

Reference
[1] Anthony R.C and Metke R L (2009): "Security Technology for Smart Grid Networks," IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid", Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp 33-45.
[2] Ba,A.B andKirkman H (2010):"A Survey of Wireless communications for the Electric Power System," Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pp 44-56..
[3] Budka, K.C (2010): "Communication Network Architecture and design principles for Smart Grids", Bell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 6,Pp 205-227.
[4] Clemente, J.M (2009):"The Security Vulnerabilities of the Smart Grid," Journal of Energy Security, Vol. 5, No. 7, Pp 135-147.
[5] Dickerman L and Harrison R (2010):"A New Car, A New Grid" IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, Vol 8, No 2, Pp. 55-61.

Studies on Strength Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites

Abstract: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are extensively used for primary structural components such as wing, empennage and fuselage; and sub-structures such as wing ribs and intermediate spars in new generation aircraft as they give rise to high stiffness and strength to weight ratio. The failure load predictions of such composites are extremely important in order to ascertain the flight safety during its service periods. The stress analysis is a part of failure prediction process, since the failure criterion, in order to predict failure load, requires information about stresses and strains in a structure. In the present investigation, the stress analyses of CFRP composite laminates with and without cut-outs have been carried out by using both analytical and finite element approaches. In analytical approach, a mat lab code has been developed for a flat panel using Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT) and different composite failure theories.

Key words: circular cut-out, elliptical cut-outs, failure load, flat composite panel, mesh size.

Reference
[1]. www.Aerospaceweb.org/application of composite materials in aircraft.
[2]. Y.X. Zhang, C.H. Yang, "Recent developments in finite element analysis for laminated composite plates" Composite Structures 88 (2009) 147–157.
[3]. T.Y Kam and F.M Lai, "Experimental and theoretical predictions of first ply failure Strength of laminated composite plates" International Journal of Solids and Structures 36 (1999) 2379-2395.
[4]. Y.V. Satish Kumar and Anand Srivastava, "First ply failure analysis of Laminated stiffened plates" Composite Structures 60 (2003) 307–315.
[5]. D. Bruno, G. Spadea and R. Zinno, "First-ply failure of laminated composite plates". Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics 19 (1993) 29-48.

A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes in which the wireless links are frequently broken down due to mobility and dynamic infrastructure. Routing is a significant issue and challenge in ad hoc networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed like OLSR, AODV so far to improve the routing performance and reliability. In this paper, we describe the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). We evaluate their performance through exhaustive simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (ns2) by varying conditions (node mobility, network density).

Key words: MANET; OLSR; AODV; ns2.

Reference
[1] C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. RFC3561, RFC Editor , United States, 2003.
[2] Olsr: T.Clausen, P. Jaquet, IETF Request for Comments: 3626 Optimized Link State Routing Protocol OLSR, october 2003.
[3] Broch J, Maltz DA, Johnson DB, Hu Y-C, Jetcheva J. A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiCom '98, Dallas, TX, 1998.
[4] network simulator, software. Available: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
[5] Boukerche A. A performance comparison of routing protocols for ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

Language Identification from a Tri-lingual Printed Document: A Simple Approach

Abstract: In a multi-script, multilingual country like India, a document may contain text lines in more than one script/language forms. For such a multi-script environment, multilingual Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is needed to read the multi-script documents. To make a multilingual OCR system successful, it is necessary to identify different script regions of the document before feeding the document to the OCRs of individual language. With this context, this paper proposes to work on the prioritized requirements of a particular region- Andra Pradesh, a state in India, where any document including official ones, would contain the text in three languages-Telugu, Hindi and English. So, the objective of this paper is to develop a system that should aim to accurately identify and separate Telugu, Hindi and English text lines from a printed multilingual document and also to group the portion of the document in other than these three languages into a separate category OTHERS. The proposed method is developed by thoroughly understanding the nature of top and bottom profiles of the printed text lines. Experimentation conducted involved 900 text lines for learning and 900 text lines for testing. The performance has turned out to be 95.67%.

Key words: Document Image Processing, Multi-lingual document, Language Identification, Top Profile, Bottom Profile, Feature extraction

Reference
[1] U. Pal, S. Sinha and B. B. Chaudhuri "Multi-Script Line identification from Indian Documents", Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2003) 0-7695-1960-1/03 © 2003 IEEE (vol.2, pp.880-884, 2003).
[2] T.N.Tan, "Rotation Invariant Texture Features and their use in Automatic Script Identification", IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 751-756, July 1998.
[3] U.Pal, B.B.Choudhuri, Script Line Separation From Indian Multi-Script Documents, Proc. 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (IEEE Comput. Soc. Press), 1999, 406-409.
[4] Santanu Choudhury, Gaurav Harit, Shekar Madnani, R.B. Shet, "Identification of Scripts of Indian Languages by Combining Trainable Classifiers", ICVGIP 2000, Dec.20-22, Bangalore, India.
[5] S.Chanda, U.Pal, English, Devanagari and Urdu Text Identification, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005, 538-545.

Z - Source Multi Level Inverter Based PV Generation System

Abstract: In this paper a novel technique of Z-Source multilevel Inverter based PV Generation system is implemented and simulated using MATLAB-Simulink simulation software. The Photovoltaic cells are healthier option for converting solar energy into electricity. Due to high capital cost and low efficiency PV cells have not yet been a fully smart choice for electricity users. To enhance the performance of the system, Z-Source multi level inverter can be used in place of conventional Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) in Solar Power Generation System. The PV cell model is developed using circuit mathematical equations. The Z-Source multilevel inverter is modeled to realize boosted DC to AC conversion (inversion) with low THD. Outcome shows that the energy conversion efficiency of ZSMLI is a lot improved as compared to conventional voltage Source Inverter (VSI). By doing FFT analysis we can know the total THD.

Key words: PV Panel; Z-MLI; MPPT; PWM Inverter.

Reference
[1] R. O. Caceres and I. Barbi, ―A boost dc-ac converter: analysis, design, and experimentation,‖ The IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 134–141, Jan. 1999.
[2] W. Chien-Ming, ―A novel single-stage full-bridge buck-boost inverter,‖ IEEE Transaction Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 150–159, Jan. 2004.
[3] I.H. Altas, A.M. Sharaf, ―A Photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab-Simulink GUI Environment‖, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, pp. 341-345, July 2007.
[4] IshaqueKashif, Salam Zainal and TaheriHamed, ―Accurate Matlab Simulink PV System Simulator Based on a Two-Diode Model‖, Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 2, Dec. 2010.
[5] Islam, Aneek Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, United International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh Chowdhury, Md.Iqbal Bahar

Simulation and Experimental Studies on Composite Beams

Abstract: A composite beam a one dimensional structure or a rod all of them are sectional dimensions in which width and height are much smaller in comparison to the structure. In structural applications longer beams are more frequently used. In this work a composite beam is manufactured with glass and epoxy combination. And stress analysis is carried out using derived analytical expressions. This research work carried out will enable to determine the beam strength due to bending loads. The importance of fiber reinforcement in the manufacturing of the beam is studied in terms of bending strength of the beam. Mat lab codes are generated to implement analytical equations of the composite beam. The analytical results are validated by performing experiments on composite beams. In this investigation, two different composite beams have been tested and compared the experimental results with the analytical results.

Key words: Composite beam, glass and epoxy, stress analysis, fiber reinforcement, Mat lab.

Reference
[1]. Chou and Wang A.S.D; "Control Volume Analysis of Elastic wave front in composite material", Journal of composite materials, vol.4, (1970), pp 444-453.
[2]. Berthelot and Sefrani (2005); "Damping Analysis Of Unidirectional Glass fiber composite with interleaved viscoelastic layers"; Experimental investigation and Discussion
[3]. Narita and Leissa; "Frequencies and M ode shapes of Cantileverered laminated composite plates, Journal of sound and vibration, vol.154, (1992) , pp 161-172.
[4]. Savoia and Tullini; "Torsional Response of Inhomogeneous and Multilayered composite beams", composite structures, vol 25,(1993),pp 587-594.
[5]. Laila ,D.Haji,A,Majid,A.and Shanor, B LOC Flutter of Cantilever Woven Glass/Epoxy Laminate in Subsonic flow Actameshsin,No.24,(2008),pp 107-110

Effects of Different Parameters In Enhancing The Efficiency of Plasmonic Thin Film Solar Cells

Abstract: Efficiency of thin film solar cells are less comparing to thick film solar cells which can be enhanced by utilizing the metal nanoparticles near their localized Plasmon resonance. In this paper, we have reviewed the Plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and its application in solar cell technology. Beside this, we have also reviewed about different parameters which dominate the nanoparticles to increase optical absorption. Thus a cost-effective model has been proposed.

Key words: Plasmonic, Thin film, Nanoparticles, Absorption, Scattering, Extinction

Reference
[1] H. A. Atwater and A. Polman. "Plasmonics for Improved photovoltaic devices", Nature Material, (2010), pp. 205-213.
[2] M. A. Green. "Recent developments in photovoltaics".,Solar Energy, 76:pp. 3–8, 2004.
[3] V Shah, H. Schade, M. Vanecek, J. Meier, E. Vallat-Sauvain, N. Wyrsch, U. Kroll, C. Droz and J. Bailat, "Thin-film silicon solar cell technology", Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application, 12:pp. 113-142, 2004 .
[4] M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, and W. Warta, "Solar cell efficiency tables (version 31)", Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 16:pp. 61–67, 2008.
[5] P. Spinelli, V. E. Ferry, J. van de Groep, M.. van Lare, M. A. Verschuuren, R. E. I. Schropp, H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, "Plasmonic light trapping in thin-film Si solar cells", Journal of Optics,(2012).

Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A Review

Abstract: The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger.

Reference
[1] Junqi Dong,Jiangping Chen,Wenfeng Zhang,Jinwei Hua Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal -hydraulic performance in wavy fin-and-flat tube heat exchangers, Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (2010) 1377e1386
[2] M. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi,F. Hormozi , A. Zamzamian, Role of channel shape on performance of plate-fin heat exchangers: Experimental assessment
[3] Santhosh Kizhakkeveedu Ramachandran NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF AIRSIDE CHARACTERISTICS IN PLAIN AND WAVY HEAT EXCHANGERS IN THE TURBULENT FLOW REGIME
[4] Webb.R.L. Enhancement of single phase convective heat transfer. Handbook of single phase convective heat transfer. New York : John Wiley, 1987.
[5] Wang, C. C., Lin, Y. T., Lee, C. J. and Chang, Y. J Investigation of wavy fin-and-tube heat exchangers: A contribution to databank.. 1999, Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 12, Number 1, pp. 73-89.

Calculation Method for Normal Inducedlongitudinal Voltage on Pilot Cable

Abstract: In this paper a full study and detailed calculations of the induced voltage in pilot cables are carried out. First an introduction showing the importance of the induced voltage and its effect in pilot cables. The first calculation method Flat Formation. The second calculation method Trefoil Formation. Then the results obtained for both methods and compared. Finally a conclusion is conduct.

Key words: Induced Voltage, Normal Induced Longitudinal Voltage (NILV), Pilot cable

Reference
[1] The underground systems reference book EEI,1957
[2] High voltage XLPE cables systems Technical user guide, BRUGG Cables.
[3] CHEN shu-min,YANGLan-jun,ZHANGQiao-gen ,Su Hong-bo ,Li Yun-feng.Effect of sheath-bonding Method on Induced over voltage in 110 KV XLPE cable system in the case of ground fault surg (j). High voltage Engineering,2006.
[4] Wang Min The induced voltage & circulating current in the metal shield of 10 KV sigle phase electrical cables (j). High voltage Engineering,2006.
[5] P.L. Ostermann, Editor, Underground Transmission systems reference book ,NewYork :Electric Power Research Institute,1992 Edition.

Spatial Analysis of Soil and Water Quality in Tsunami AffectedAreas of Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: In India, the natural disasters, especially the Tsunami in 2004 having exposed our unpreparedness, variability, diverse scientific, engineering, financial and also social processes. Vedaranyamtalukof Nagapattinam coastal region of Tamilnadu, India,was severely affected by Tsunami-2004. Due to its unique geological nature and climate conditions, the quality of soil and water resources was subjected to natural and synthetic changes. The recent efforts of prawn culture and saltpan in these areas also affect the natural resources. This study has revealed the present scenario of soil and water resources by analyzing their chemical parameters in the Tsunami affected areas after ten years of Tsunami-2004. For this study, soil samples (less than 30cm depth from land surface) and groundwater samples (from existing hand/bore pumps) were collected in the study area. It was observed from the analysis that the pH of soil was improved well and EC was lowered significantly except few places. Regarding the available N, P, K of soil, N was low, P and Kwere low to medium range. Further thepH,DO, Turbidity, Hardness,Cl and Mgof groundwater were within the permissible limit;EC and TDS were slight to moderate range for irrigation and drinking.The SAR is within the maximum allowable limit which inferred that groundwater can be used for irrigation without any risk.Thisspatial-temporal variability of soil and water parameters were mapped in GIS environment (Surfer ver. 9) and compared with pretsunami-2004 as well as ground truth scenario. Keeping these results, the soil is suitable for agriculture production. The natural flash flood has helped to reduce contamination of soil and water due to Tsunami-2004. However,due to alkaline in nature the quality of groundwater is not fit for drinking in some places but suitable for irrigation. Among the affected villages, Vedaranyam village has worst quality. This study also recommends suitable management strategies for sustainable development.

Key words: Tsunami, water and soil parameters, spatial analysis, Surfer ver. 9

Reference
[1.] Ayers R.S. (1985),"Water Quality Management for Agriculture", FAO Irrigation and drainage paper.
[2.] BIS (1983), "Standards for water for drinking and other purposes", Bureau of Indian Standards Publication, New Delhi.
[3.] Burroughs P.A. (1989) "Principle of Geological Information System for land Resources Assessment", Clarendon Press, Oxford.
[4.] ChandrasekaranH. and StalinM. (2008),"Variability of soil-water quality due to Tsunami-2004 in the coastal belt of Nagapattinam district,Tamilnadu",Journal of Environmental Management,Vol.89(1), pp.63-72.
[5.] Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),(2005), "Effort of Tsunami on coastal crop husbandry in part of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu", Current science, Vol. 89. No.1, pp. 30-32.

Optimization of Pre Engineered Buildings

Abstract: Pre-engineered buildings have become quite popular in the last few years. The main advantages are speed of construction and good control over quality. However there is not much information on its economy. There are several parameters like the inclination of the gable, spans, bay spacing, which control the cost of the structure. In the present paper the above parameters are varied systematically and in each case the gable frame designed for the common loads DL, LL, EQ, and WL. The quantity in each case is obtained and finally the structure which regulates the lowest quantity of steel is recommended.

Key words: pre-engineered building, staad pro, working stress method, bay spacing, angle of inclination, span and tapered sections.

Reference
[1] Dr. N. Subramanian, "Design of steel structures‟
[2] Dr. N. Subramanian (2008), "Pre-engineered Buildings Selection of Framing System, Roofing and Wall Materials", TheMasterbuilder, pp. 48-6.
[3] Gurusharan Singh, "Introduction to Pre Engineered Buildings", http://www.engneeringcivil.com/ preenginered-buildngs.html.
[4] IS : 800 - 2007 :- General Construction In Steel - Code of Practice.
[5] IS : 875 (Part 1) - 1987 :- Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures- Dead Loads.

Ground Improvement of Dune Sand Fields For The Purpose of Moisture Retention

Abstract: Plant growth depends on the use of two important natural resources, soil and water. Soil provides the mechanical and nutrient support necessary for plant growth. Water is the major input for the growth and development of all types of plants. The availability of water, its movement and its retention are governed by the properties of soil. The properties like bulk density, mechanical composition, hydraulic conductivity etc depends on the nature and formation of soil and land use characteristics in addition to the weathering processes and the geological formations. Effective management of the resources for crop production requires the need to understand relationship between soil, water and plants. Study of soil and its water holding capacity is essential for the efficient utilization of irrigation water. Hence identification of geotechnical parameters which influences the water retention capacity and the method of adding admixtures to improve the retention capacity play an important role in Irrigation Engineering. This Paper aims to focuses on improving moisture retention of soil by addition of bentonite clay and experimental analysis for monitoring the variation of moisture retention.

Key words: Mixture, Bentonite, Dune sand, Irrometer, Moisture retention.

Reference
[1] Ameta N. K. and Wayal A. S., ―Effect of Bentonite on permeability of dune sand", Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), Vol.13, Bundle A, 2008.
[2] Ameta, N. K., Purohit, D.G. M. and Wayal, A.S. (2008), Characteristics, problems and remedies of expansive soils of Rajasthan, India, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Vol.13, Bundle A, 2008.
[3] Bowles JE (1998) ―Engineering Properties of Soil and Their Measurement‖, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore‖
[4] Chapuis, R.P. (1981) ―Permeability testing of soil-Bentonite mixtures," Proceedings, 10th International conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation engineering, Stockholm, Vol.4,744-745.
[5] Chapuis, R.P (1990) ―Sand-Bentonite liners: predicting permeability from laboratory tests‖ Can. Geotech. J. 27, 47-57

A Novel Solitude Conserving Location Monitoring Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Observing individual locations with a capable untrusted server impose secrecy threats to the monitored individuals. In this paper we propose "A Novel Solitude Conserving Location Monitoring approach for Wireless Sensor networks". We design two approaches to study nondescript locations in-network approaches, namely quality-aware and resource-aware approaches, that aims to enable the system to give high end quality location monitoring services for end users, while conserving personal location privacy. Both approaches are worked based on k-anonymity solitude (i.e.,an object is indistinguishable among k objects), to enable highly trusted sensor nodes to provide the collective location data of monitored objects for our system. Each collective location is in a form of a observed area X along with the number of monitored objects reside in X. The resource-aware approach objective to optimize the computational and communication value, while quality-aware approach aims to increase the reliability of the collective location data by reducing their observing areas. We use spatial histogram methodology to estimates the distribution of observing objects based on the gathered collective location data. We evaluated these two approaches through simulated experiments. The simulation results shows that these approaches gives high quality location observing services for end users and assure the location secrecy of the monitored objects.

Key words: Anonymity, location, solitude spatial histogram, wireless sensor network

Reference
[1]. One systems Technologies, Counting people in buildings.http://www.onesystemstech.com.sg/index.php?option=com content&task=view%&id=10.
[2]. Traf-Sys Inc., .People counting systems. http://www.trafsys.com/products/people counters/thermal-sensor.aspx..
[3]. A. Harter, A. Hopper, P. Steggles, A. Ward, and P. Webster, .The anatomy of a context-aware application,. in Proc. of MobiCom, 1999.
[4]. N. B. Priyantha, A. Chakraborty, and H. Balakrishnan, .The cricket location-support system,. in Proc. of MobiCom, 2000.
[5]. E. Snekkenes, .Concepts for personal location privacy policies,. in Proc. of ACM EC, 2001.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Effect of Thermo-Diffusion and Chemical Reaction on Mixed Convective Heat And Mass Transfer Through A Porous Medium In Cylindrical Annulus With Heat Source. Effect of Thermo-Diffusion and Chemical Reaction on Mixed Convective Heat And Mass Transfer Through A Porous Medium In Cylindrical Annulus With Heat Source. Abstract: A finite element study of combined heat and mass transfer flow through a porous medium in a circular cylindrical annulus with Soret and Dufour effects in the presence of heat sources has been analyzed. The coupled velocity, energy, and diffusion equations are solved numerically by using Galerkin- finite element technique. Shear stress, Nusslet number and Sherwood number are evaluated numerically for different values of the governing parameters under consideration and are shown in tabular form. Key words: Heat and mass transfer, Soret effect, Dufour effect, Constant heat source, and Chemical reaction. Reference [1]. Al Nimr MA(1993): Analytical solutions for transient laminar fully developed free convection in vertical annulus.,Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer ,V.36,pp.2388-2395. [2]. Angel M, Takhar HS, and Pop I (2000): Dofour and Soret effects on free convection boundary layer over a vertical surface embedded in a porous medium. Studia universities- Bolyai, Mathematica XLV, pp. 11-21. [3]. Antonio Barletle(1999): Combined forced and free convection with viscous dissipation in a vertical duct.,Int.J.Heat and Mass Transfer,V.42,pp.2243-2253. [4]. Barletta A, Lazzari.S,(2008): Mixed convection with heating effects in a vertical porous annulus with a radially varying magnetic field. [5]. Caltirone,JP(1976):J.Fluid Mech,V.76,p.337. Dr.K.Gnaneswar	01-16
2.	The Study of Water Stability for SBS and Polyacrylate Composite Modified Asphalt Mixture The Study of Water Stability for SBS and Polyacrylate Composite Modified Asphalt Mixture Abstract: Polyacrylate (Polyacrylate, called PAE) is a kind of thermoplastic polymer latex, which is easy to form a waterproof membrane and has greater adhesion ,always be used in concrete to enhance its ability to resist water corrosion.SBS is an inorganic modifier for modified asphalt mixture will help to improve the high and low temperature stability and other road performance, ect.However,its ability to enhanced asphalt mixture's resistance for water damage is not obvious. In order to research the two composite modified asphalt mixture's resistance effects to water damage , the Marshall Stability Test and Fort Kentucky Flooding Scattering Experiments were used on asphalt mixtures, SBS modified asphalt mixture and composite modified asphalt mixture and the effect of different composite modified PAE content were studied. The results showed that: PAE can significantly improve the water stability of asphalt mixture, what's more, with the increase use of PAE,the mass loss rate of asphalt mixture decreases steadily. Key words: Asphalt mixture; Composite modified; Water stability;SBS; PAE Reference [1] Zhang voyage; Guoxiong; Mengqiao Juan. Fiber Asphalt Mixture Stability Evaluation Method [J] Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science) 2008 (5) 78-81. [2] into the natural; Xu Dongliang asphalt indoor water damage [J]. Asphalt 2010 (4), 12-15. [3] JTG E 20-2011 highway asphalt and asphalt testing procedures [S]. Beijing: People's Communications Press, 2011 WEI mixture of water ice .OGFC stability evaluation method [J] Highway Engineering 2010, (5) [4] Wang Hui;; Liu Liping: 82-84. [5] Chen Ruoxiang, diatomite modified asphalt binder performance test [J]. Highway Engineering, 2013,10 (5) 254-258. HU Qiusheng, ZHOU Gang, WANG Huoming, QIAO Jun	17-22
3.	Analysis Of The Structure Of A Material Used In The Manufacture Of Thermal Chucks For Fixing Tools Cutting Using Finite Elements Analysis Of The Structure Of A Material Used In The Manufacture Of Thermal Chucks For Fixing Tools Cutting Using Finite Elements Abstract: The dynamic stability of machine has its own importance in the quality of the machined product. With the development of new technologies for cutting tools, as the geometries and materials, cutting speeds used today reach values inconceivable for two decades. In the automotive industry steel and cast iron are gradually being replaced by lower density material and even lower costs. In complex shapes tools, heterogeneous material removal in roughing, sudden changes of sections, etc. Stress relieving treatment should be carried out to minimize dimensional variations of form during quenching and tempering. Materials for manufacture of thermal fixing most appropriate for that operating system still needs to be further investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the elastic behavior of the material used in the manufacture of tooling systems for cutting tools. Has been evaluated In fastening system, the temperature variation exerted on the mandrel body region and the thermal expansion where H13 steel can withstand the assembly process by thermal interference. This method can determine the amount of number of cycles until the onset of fatigue that material Key words: elastic behavior, thermal fixing, drilling, drill, Temperature clamping systems. Reference [1.] ABAQUS/Standard User Manual, Version 6.10, 2011. [2.] BEER, F.; JOHNSTON, R.; Resistência dos Materiais, 3. ed. São Paulo: Makron Books, 1995 [3.] CHIAVERINI, V. Aços e ferros fundidos. 4ª ed. São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Metais, 1979, p. 19. [4.] COSMOS/CAE, User's Manual, Version 2011, 2011. [5.] HARRIS, S.G.; VLASVED, A.C; DOYLE, E.D;DOLDER, P.J. Dry machining – commercial viability through filtered arc vapour deposited coating Surface and Coating Technology , n.133-134, pp 383-388, 2000. P. Martins, J. Carneiro, Pedro A, P. Brito, A. Vieira, R. Braga & L. Vilela	23-29
4.	DESIGN OF A LOW POWER MULTIBAND CLOCK DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT USING SINGLE PHASE CLOCK DESIGN OF A LOW POWER MULTIBAND CLOCK DISTRIBUTION CIRCUIT USING SINGLE PHASE CLOCK Abstract: The clock distribution network consumes nearly 70% of the total power consumed by the integrated circuit since this is the only signal which has the highest switching activity. Normally for a multiband clock domain network we develop a multiple PLL to cater the need. This project aim for developing a low power true single phase clock(TSPC) multiband network which will supply for the multi clock domain network. In this paper, a wide band 2/3 prescaler is verified in the design of proposed wide band multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler. A dynamic logic multiband flexible integer-n divider based on pulse swallow topology is proposed which uses a low power wide band 2/3 prescaler and a wide band multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler. Since the multimodulus 32/33/47/48 or 64/65/78/79 prescaler has a maximum operating frequency of 6.2GHz, the values of P and S counters can actually be programmed to divide over the whole range of frequencies. However the P and S counter are programmed accordingly. The proposed multiband flexible divider also uses an improved loadable bit cell for swallow counter and consumes a power of 0.96 and 2.2mW. This project is highly useful and recommended for communication applications like Bluetooth, Zigbee, IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.11 a/b/g WLAN frequency synthesizers which are proposed based on pulse swallow topology. This design is modelled using Verilog simulated tool "MODELSIM 6.4b‟ and implemented and synthesized using "Xilinx ISE 10.1‟. Key words: True single phase clock (TSPC), Frequency synthesizer, Multimodulus prescaler, Phase locked loop (PLL) Reference [1] Vamshi Krishna Manthena, Manh Anh Do, Chirn Chye Boon, and Kiat Seng Yeo "A Low-Power Single-Phase Clock Multiband Flexible Divider" , IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 20, no. 2, February 2012. [2] H.R.Rategh et al., "A CMOS frequency synthesizer with an injected locked frequency divider for 5-GHz wireless LAN receiver," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 780-787, May 2000. [3] P. Y. Deng et al., "A 5GHz frequency synthesizer with an injection locked frequency divider and differential switched capacitors," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 320-326, Feb. 2009. [4] L. Lai Kan Leung et al., "A 1-V 9.7-mW CMOS Frequency synthesizer for IEEE 802.11a transceivers," IEEE Trans. Microwind. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. I, pp. 39-48, Jan. 2008. [5] M. Alioto and G. Palumbo, Model and Design of Bipolar and MOS Current-Mode Logic Digital Circuits. New York: Springer, 2005. T.BhavyaBhavani, Dr.K.Seshadri Sastry, Dr.G.R.L.V.N Srinivas Raju	30-36
5.	A Robust Image Watermarking Based On Gradient Vector Quantization and Denoising Using Contourlet Transform A Robust Image Watermarking Based On Gradient Vector Quantization and Denoising Using Contourlet Transform Abstract: We propose a robust quantization-based image watermarking scheme, called the gradient direction watermarking (GDWM).This is based on the uniform quantization of the direction of gradient vectors. In GDWM, the watermark bits are embedded by quantizing the angles of significant gradient vectors at multiple wavelet scales. The proposed scheme has the following advantages: 1)Increased invisibility of the embedded watermark because the watermark is embedded in significant gradient vectors, 2) robustness to amplitude scaling attacks because the watermark is embedded in the angles of the gradient vectors, and 3) increased watermarking capacity as the scheme uses multiple-scale embedding.. This watermarking technique is more Robust tovarious sizes of watermark Images.we construct a discrete-domain multiresolution and multidirectional expansion using non-separable filter banks, in much the same way that wavelets were derived from filter banks. This construction results in a flexible mutiresolution, local, and directional image expansion using contour segments, and thus it is named the contourlettransform. The discrete contourlet transform has a fast iterated filter bank algorithm that requires order N operations for N-pixel images. Finally, we show simulation results using contourlet denoising method over wavelet. Key words: ContourletTransform ,denoising, digital watermarking,gradientdirection quantization, wavelets. Reference [1] D. Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, ―Digital watermarking for telltaletamper proofing and authentication,‖ Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp.1167–1180, Jul. 1999. [2] B. Chen and G. W. Wornell, ―Quantization index modulation: A classof provably good methods for digital watermarking and informationembedding,‖ IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1423–1443,May 2001. [3] F. Perez-Gonzlez and F. Balado, ―Quantized projection data hiding,‖in Proc. Int. Conf. Image Process., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 889–892. [4] L.-H. Chen and J.-J. Lin, ―Mean quantization based image watermarking,"Image Vis. Comput., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 717–727, 2003 [5] S.-H. Wang and Y.-P. Lin, ―Wavelet tree quantization for copyrightprotection watermarking," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 13, no. 2,pp. 154-165,Feb.2004. I. Kullayamma, P. Sathyanarayana	37-43
6.	Performance of RGB and L Base Supervised Classification Technique Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery Performance of RGB and L Base Supervised Classification Technique Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery Abstract: In the present growth of sensor technology is to improve the new chance and applications in GIS. This enhances the technology law a new method that should not focus on real time available products, but it must automatically lead to new ones. The aim of the paper is to make a maximum use of remote sensing data and GIS techniques to access land use and land cover classification in the Kiliyar sub basin sector in palar river of northen part of Tamil Nadu.IRS P6 LISS III is merged data to perform the classification using ERDAS Imaging. The RGB and L base supervised classification was based up on a Multispectral analysis, land use and land cover information‟s (maps and existing reports), which involves advanced technology and complex data processing to find detailed imagery in the study region. Ground surface reflects more radar energy emitted by the sensor from the study region, which makes it easy to distinguish between the water body, hilly, agriculture, settlement and wetland. Key words: Multispectral, Classification, RGB&L, SAM, SCM, Reference [1] Ozesmi, Stacy L., and Marvin E. Bauer. "Satellite remote sensing of wetlands."Wetlands ecology and management 10.5 (2002): 381-402. [2] Fukue, Kiyonari, et al. "Evaluations of unsupervised methods for land‐cover/use classifications of landsat TM data." Geocarto International 3.2 (1988): 37-44. [3] Lu, D., M. Batistella, and E. Moran. "Land‐cover classification in the Brazilian Amazon with the integration of Landsat ETM+ and Radarsat data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 28.24 (2007): 5447-5459. [4] Akgün, Aykut, A. Hüsnü Eronat, and Necdet Turk. "Comparing Different Satellite Image Classification Methods: An Application In Ayvalýk District, Western Turkey." XXth International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Istanbul, Turkey. 2004. [5] Lillesand, Thomas M., Ralph W. Kiefer, and Jonathan W. Chipman. Remote sensing and image interpretation. No. Ed. 5. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004. Mr. S Thirunavkkarsu, Capt. Dr. S Santhosh Baboo	44-49
7.	Analytical Development of the Forward and Inverse Kinematics of A Robotic Leg Biologically-Inspired In Insect Analytical Development of the Forward and Inverse Kinematics of A Robotic Leg Biologically-Inspired In Insect< Abstract: This article proposes an analytical development for the inverseand forward kinematics of a robotic leg for robots biologically-inspired in insects. The forward and inverse kinematics is a part of the solution to models of path planning for robotic legs. The method Denavit-Hartenberg was used for the development of forward kinematics. The inverse kinematics was found using the method of inverse transformation matrices. The developed equations' results were compared tothe results of functions fkine and ikine of the robotics to olbox for Matlab, analyzing numerical and analytic calolution for the inverse kinematics. Reference [1] SILVA, Manuel Fernando dos Santos; Sistema Robótico de Locomoção Multipernas; 2005. Dissertação de Doutorado. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto - FEUP. [2] CRAIG, John J. Introduction to Robotics – Mechanics and Control. 2º Ed – 1989 – Addison –Wesley Publishing Company. [3] SPONG, Mark W.; Hutchinson, Seth; Vidyasagar, M.; Robot Modeling and Control; 2006. Editora. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. [4] FILHO, Alberto Adade. Fundamentos de Robótica- Cinemática, Dinâmica e Controle de Manipuladores Robóticos. 2001 – Centro Técnico Aeroespacial – Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - São José dos Campos – SP [5] SANTOS, Víctor M. F.; Robótica Industrial, 2004. Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Aveiro – Portugal. Gabriel Duarte Gonçalves Pedro, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Junior	50-55
8.	Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad Design and Development of GIS Based Utility Management System at DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad Abstract: The paper presents the conceptual design model of a GIS [Geographic Information system] based Utility Management System for DOS Housing Colony, Vikramnagar, Ahmedabad. The processing capabilities of GIS and the system ability to manipulate geo-referenced data and results in different formats and models make them suitable for planning and operation of all activities of the Construction & Maintenance Group of SAC, Ahmedabad. This is specially designed software for the Civil, Electrical and Horticultural wing of Construction and Maintenance Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO) in many ways to improve the Planning, Maintenance and Information standards. In this software, all physical information like Vikramnagar area, all buildings, roads, water supply lines, drainage lines, fire fighting lines, pump house, wells, bore points, recharge wells, and STP plant, torrent power substations, DG set rooms, LT panels, LT cables, electrical light poles and solar light poles, nursery area and trees are converting into digital forms using GIS by developing different layers. Key words: GIS Development, Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite system, Utility Network system. Reference [1] ESRI (1996). Building applications with mapobjects. [2] Gao, S., Mioc, F., and Coleman, D.J (2009), Online GIS services for mapping and sharing disease information, International Journal of Health Geographics, 8(3), pp 1-16. doi:10.1186/1476-072X-8-3 [3] Nawaz-ul-Huda, S. Burke, F., Azam, M., Naz, S. (2012),GIS for power distribution network: A case study of Karachi, Pakistan,GEOGRAFIA Online, Malaysia Journal of Society and Space 8 issue 1 (60 - 68). [4] Salawudeen, O.S and Rashidat, U., (2006), Electricity Distribution Engineering and Geographic Information System (DeGIS) Shape the Change XXIII FIG Congress Munich Germany, TS 72 – GIS Application – Planning Issues. [5] Sidda, N.K., Boddu, D., Rao, R.M.K., (2011). An Eclectic mapping approach for Non Spatial Data, International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, Volume 2, No 2, 2011. Rajeshkumar J. Ajwaliya, Shashikant Patel	56-73
9.	Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element Analysis Design of Engine Mount Bracket for a FSAE Car Using Finite Element Analysis Abstract: Engine mounts have an important function of containing firmly the power-train components of a vehicle. Correct geometry and positioning of the mount brackets on the chassis ensures a good ride quality and performance. As an FSAE car intends to be a high performance vehicle, the brackets on the frame that support the engine undergo high static and dynamic stresses as well as huge amount of vibrations. Hence, dissipating the vibrational energy and keeping the stresses under a pre-determined level of safety should be achieved by careful designing and analysis of the mount brackets. Keeping this in mind the current paper discusses the modeling, Finite Element Analysis, Modal analysis and mass optimization of engine mount brackets for a FSAE car. As the brackets tend to undergo continuous vibrations and varying stresses, the fatigue strength and durability calculations also have been done to ensure engine safety. Key words: FEA; Modal Analysis; Static Analysis; Optimization; Mounting Bracket Reference [1] Karl D. Hammond, "Frequency Response Analysis", January 2008. [2] Rogers Corporation," Materials Design: Understanding Load Vs Frequency Curves". [3] Nitin S Gokhale, Sanjay S Deshpande, Sanjeev V Bedekar, Anand N Thite, -"Practical Finite Element Analysis". [4] Umesh S. Ghorpade, D.S. Chavan, Vinaay Patil & Mahendra Gaikwad, "Finite Element Analysis and Natural Frequency Optimization of Engine Bracket", International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE) ISSN No. 2231 –6477, Vol-2, Iss-3, 2012. [5] Sahil Naghate, Sandeep Patil, "Modal Analysis Of Engine Mounting Bracket Using FEA", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2. Issue4. July-August-2012,pp.1973-1979. Jasvir Singh Dhillon, Priyanka Rao, V.P. Sawant	74-81
10.	Analysis of Two Way Simply Supported Slabs With Central Sunk Using Finite Element Method Analysis of Two Way Simply Supported Slabs With Central Sunk Using Finite Element Method Abstract: Majority of the sunken slabs are constructed with supporting beams, which leads to the uneconomy of the structure and difficult in arrangement of the centering work. In this view, it is considered to analyze a two way simply supported slab of different thicknesses with central sunk having one sunk depths.The objective of the paper is to analyze a two way simply supported slab having different thicknesses of 125,150,175,and 200mm with central sunk having depths of 250mm using Finite Element Analysis. This study significantly concludes that, adopting FE analysis using STAAD Pro for analysis of two-way sunken slab is advisable. By using FE analysis using STAAD Pro, we can avoid tedious and lengthy procedure of manual methods. From the chosen sunken slab it was observed that, there is decrease in sagging moments for sunk size of 0.25lx x 0.25ly with respect to two way slab without sunk. Key words: Sunken Slab, Aspect Ratio, Thickness, Depths and Two Way Slab. Reference [1]. A.M. Mont‟Alverne 2012 "Determination of the reinforced concrete slabs ultimate load using finite element method and mathematical programming" Latin American Journal of solids structures Vol.9, No.1, Rio de janeiro 2012. [2]. K. M. A. Hossain 2005 "Design optimization of simply supported concrete slabs by finite element modeling" Struct. Multidisc Optim 30, 76–88(2005). [3]. M. M. Smadi and K. A. Belakhdar 2007 "Development of Finite Element Code for Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs" Jordan Journal of Civil engineering Vol.1, No.2, 2007. [4]. Johansen K.W., 1962, "Yield-Line Theory ", Cement and Concrete Association, London,.pp 181. [5]. Sudhakar, K.J., 1998, "Moment Coefficients for the design of Irregular slabs by yield line theory." M.E, Thesis, Submitted to Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, India, pp.150. Chiranjeevi. M, Chandan Kumar. P, Pavan Kumar. M	82-86
11.	Dynamic Response of High Rise Structures Under The Influence of Shear Walls Dynamic Response of High Rise Structures Under The Influence of Shear Walls Abstract: This study presents the procedure for seismic performance estimation of high-rise buildings based on a concept of the capacity spectrum method. In 3D analytical model of thirty storied buildings have been generated for symmetric buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool ETABS. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of concrete core wall & shear wall at different positions during earthquake, seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic and non-linear static procedure has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing Equivalent static, response spectrum method as well as pushover method has also been performed to determine capacity, demand and performance level of the considered building models. From the below studies it has been observed that non-linear pushover analysis provide good estimate of global as well as local inelastic deformation demands and also reveals design weakness that may remain hidden in an elastic analysis and also the performance level of the structure. Storey drifts are found within the limit as specified by code (IS: 1893-2002) in Equivalent static, linear dynamic & non-linear static analysis. Key words: Shear Wall, Story Drift, Displacement, ETABS, High Rise Buildings. Reference [1.] IS: 1893 (Part-I) 2002 (2002): "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Part-I General Provisions and Buildings, Fifth Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [2.] Pankaj Agrawal, Manish Shrikhande, "Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Prentice Hall India Publication. [3.] Bangle S. Taranath, Textbook of McGraw Hill International Editions, "Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Building", 1988, pp. 563-569. [4.] IS : 875 (Part I) – 1987, "Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Dead Loads" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [5.] IS : 875 (Part II) – 1987, "Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures – Imposed Load" Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Syed Khasim Mutwalli, Dr. Shaik Kamal Mohammed Azam	87-96
12.	Fast Synchronization In IVR Using REST API For HTML5 And AJAX Fast Synchronization In IVR Using REST API For HTML5 And AJAX Abstract: Need a web service is just a web page meant for a computer to request and process. IVR system uses REST API for data access while calling. When in call process user want to access data, server need to validate it and while validation data accessing must be synchronize with mysql server. For large data accessing API is essential. This method is for HTML5 and AJAX for fast data synchronization. REST can support any media type, but XML is expected to be the most popular transport for structured information. In IVR System problems with fast data access because before uses HTML4. Proposed work is for HTML5 with AJAX implementation. Key words: interactive voice response, hypertext markup language 5.0, AJAX technology. Reference [1] M. Armbrust et al., ―Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing,‖ 2009. [2] ―RUBiS.‖ [Online]. http://rubis.ow2.org/. [3] C. Binnig, D. Kossmann, T. Kraska, and S. Loesing, ―How is the weather tomorrow? Towards a Benchmark for the Cloud,‖ in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Testing Data-base Systems - DBTest '09, 2009 [4] ―TPC Benchmark W (Web Commerce) Specification," San Jose, CA, USA, 2002. [5] ―eBay.‖ [Online]. http://www.ebay.com Sandeep Kailuke, Nekita Chavhan	97-99
13.	Synthesis & Characterization of Fluorescent Silver Nanoparticles stabilized by Tinospora Cordifolia leaf Extract-A Green Procedure Synthesis & Characterization of Fluorescent Silver Nanoparticles stabilized by Tinospora Cordifolia leaf Extract-A Green Procedure Abstract: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was achieved by a simple green procedure using Tinospora Cordifolia leaf extract as stabilizer/reducing agents. Ag-NPs in the size range of 2–19 nm is obtained by the treatment of aqueous silver ions with leaf extracts of Tinospora Cordifolia. This eco-friendly approach is simple, amenable for large scale commercial production and technical applications. Further, photoluminiscence studies of these Ag-NPs were recorded & suggested that the present particles were suitable for fluorescence emitting probes. These red emitting Ag-NPs exhibited distinct fluorescence properties (both emission and stokeshift). Reference [1.] Mukherjee, P. ; Ahmad, A.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Sainkar, S. R.; Khan, M. I.; Parishcha, R.; Ajaykumar, P. V.; Alam, M.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M . Fungus-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Immobilization in the Mycelial Matrix: A Novel Biological Approach to Nanoparticle Synthesis. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 515–519. [2.] Ahmad, A.; Mukherjee, P.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Khan, M. I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M.. Enzyme Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by the Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12108–12109. [3.] Sastry, M.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M. I.; Kumar, R . Bio synthesis of metal nanoparticles using fungi and actinomycete. Curr. Sci. 2003, 85, 162–170. [4.] Shankar, S. S.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M . Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nano particles. Biotechnol. Prog. 2003, 19, 1627–1631. [5.] Shankar, S. S.; Rai, A.; Ankamwar, B.; Singh, A.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M . Biological synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 482– 488. M. Padma, Boddeti Govindh, B. Venkateswara Rao	100-107
14.	Experimental Plans and Intensive Numerical Aided Design Experimental Plans and Intensive Numerical Aided Design Abstract: This paper deals with new methods to optimize design and subsequent phases, notably in SMEs specialized in manufacturing. SMEs use numerical simulation to verify that the design meets the expectations of the specification, following the current traditional process: CAD model, simulation of its behavior, changes in the CAD model... This process suffers from a number of drawbacks: no overall multi-criteria vision, use of CAD software, by nature "constructive, not considering the overall objectives (even with integration of the parameters or with considering the downstream phases). The research centre DINCCS led several projects, relying on industrial cases to consider more efficient approaches. It is proposed to reverse this process by making intensive simulations, based on trade knowledge, before design itself. In order to plan the great number of simulations, automatically designed plan of experiences are used. We discuss the application of this approach to intensive simulations. The stakes are crucial for SMEs, particularly manufacturing ones. Using numerical simulation (optimization) intensively, before setting the CAD model, they can get unexpected gains (mass, better use of the means of manufacture...). Key words: design process, numerical optimization, intensive simulation Reference [1] Reimeringer M., Gardan N., Gardan N., Ugur H. CADFORSIM : Rules to improve the mesh quality, Proceedings of the TMCE 2008, April 21-25, 2008, Izmir, Turkey [2] Sharpe, J.E.E., Computer Tools for Integrated Conceptual Design, Design Studies, 16(4), 471-488, 1995 [3] Madux, K. C., Jain, S.C. "CAE for the manufacturing engineer: the role of process simulation in concurrent engineering", Manufacturing Simulation and Processes, ASME, 20, 1-15, 1986 [4] Sharpe, J.E.E. "Computer Tools for Integrated Conceptual Design ", Design Studies, 16(4), 471-488, 1995 [5] Roy, R., Hinduja, S., Teti, R., Recent advances in engineering design optimization: Challenges and future trends, CIRP Annals, Manufacturing technology, 2008 Yvon Gardan, Nicolas Gardan	108-114
15.	Hardware Design of a Smart Meter Hardware Design of a Smart Meter Abstract: Smart meters are electronic measurement devices used by utilities to communicate information for billing customers and operating their electric systems. This paper presents the hardware design of a smart meter. Sensing and circuit protection circuits are included in the design of the smart meter in which resistors are naturally a fundamental part of the electronic design. Smart meters provides a route for energy savings, real-time pricing, automated data collection and eliminating human errors due to manual readings which would ultimately reduce labour costs, diagnosis and instantaneous fault detection. This allows for predictive maintenance resulting in a more efficient and reliable distribution network. Key words: Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Automated Meter Reading system (AMR), Communication, Power line carrier (PLC) PLC, Smart grid, Smart meters. Reference [1] Anthony R.C and Metke R L (2009): "Security Technology for Smart Grid Networks," IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid", Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp 33-45. [2] Ba,A.B andKirkman H (2010):"A Survey of Wireless communications for the Electric Power System," Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pp 44-56.. [3] Budka, K.C (2010): "Communication Network Architecture and design principles for Smart Grids", Bell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 6,Pp 205-227. [4] Clemente, J.M (2009):"The Security Vulnerabilities of the Smart Grid," Journal of Energy Security, Vol. 5, No. 7, Pp 135-147. [5] Dickerman L and Harrison R (2010):"A New Car, A New Grid" IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, Vol 8, No 2, Pp. 55-61. Ganiyu A. Ajenikoko, Anthony A. Olaomi	115-119
16.	Studies on Strength Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites Studies on Strength Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites Abstract: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are extensively used for primary structural components such as wing, empennage and fuselage; and sub-structures such as wing ribs and intermediate spars in new generation aircraft as they give rise to high stiffness and strength to weight ratio. The failure load predictions of such composites are extremely important in order to ascertain the flight safety during its service periods. The stress analysis is a part of failure prediction process, since the failure criterion, in order to predict failure load, requires information about stresses and strains in a structure. In the present investigation, the stress analyses of CFRP composite laminates with and without cut-outs have been carried out by using both analytical and finite element approaches. In analytical approach, a mat lab code has been developed for a flat panel using Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT) and different composite failure theories. Key words: circular cut-out, elliptical cut-outs, failure load, flat composite panel, mesh size. Reference [1]. www.Aerospaceweb.org/application of composite materials in aircraft. [2]. Y.X. Zhang, C.H. Yang, "Recent developments in finite element analysis for laminated composite plates" Composite Structures 88 (2009) 147–157. [3]. T.Y Kam and F.M Lai, "Experimental and theoretical predictions of first ply failure Strength of laminated composite plates" International Journal of Solids and Structures 36 (1999) 2379-2395. [4]. Y.V. Satish Kumar and Anand Srivastava, "First ply failure analysis of Laminated stiffened plates" Composite Structures 60 (2003) 307–315. [5]. D. Bruno, G. Spadea and R. Zinno, "First-ply failure of laminated composite plates". Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics 19 (1993) 29-48. Vinoth. M, Karthick Raja. R, Rio Melvin Aro. T, Shyam Shankar. M. B	120-123
17.	A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks A Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks Abstract: Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes in which the wireless links are frequently broken down due to mobility and dynamic infrastructure. Routing is a significant issue and challenge in ad hoc networks. Many routing protocols have been proposed like OLSR, AODV so far to improve the routing performance and reliability. In this paper, we describe the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). We evaluate their performance through exhaustive simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (ns2) by varying conditions (node mobility, network density). Key words: MANET; OLSR; AODV; ns2. Reference [1] C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. RFC3561, RFC Editor , United States, 2003. [2] Olsr: T.Clausen, P. Jaquet, IETF Request for Comments: 3626 Optimized Link State Routing Protocol OLSR, october 2003. [3] Broch J, Maltz DA, Johnson DB, Hu Y-C, Jetcheva J. A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiCom '98, Dallas, TX, 1998. [4] network simulator, software. Available: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns. [5] Boukerche A. A performance comparison of routing protocols for ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, San Francisco, CA, 2001. Hicham Zougagh, Ahmed Toumanari, Rachid Latif, Noureddine. Idboufker, Youssef. Elmourabit	124-131
18.	Language Identification from a Tri-lingual Printed Document: A Simple Approach Language Identification from a Tri-lingual Printed Document: A Simple Approach Abstract: In a multi-script, multilingual country like India, a document may contain text lines in more than one script/language forms. For such a multi-script environment, multilingual Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is needed to read the multi-script documents. To make a multilingual OCR system successful, it is necessary to identify different script regions of the document before feeding the document to the OCRs of individual language. With this context, this paper proposes to work on the prioritized requirements of a particular region- Andra Pradesh, a state in India, where any document including official ones, would contain the text in three languages-Telugu, Hindi and English. So, the objective of this paper is to develop a system that should aim to accurately identify and separate Telugu, Hindi and English text lines from a printed multilingual document and also to group the portion of the document in other than these three languages into a separate category OTHERS. The proposed method is developed by thoroughly understanding the nature of top and bottom profiles of the printed text lines. Experimentation conducted involved 900 text lines for learning and 900 text lines for testing. The performance has turned out to be 95.67%. Key words: Document Image Processing, Multi-lingual document, Language Identification, Top Profile, Bottom Profile, Feature extraction Reference [1] U. Pal, S. Sinha and B. B. Chaudhuri "Multi-Script Line identification from Indian Documents", Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2003) 0-7695-1960-1/03 © 2003 IEEE (vol.2, pp.880-884, 2003). [2] T.N.Tan, "Rotation Invariant Texture Features and their use in Automatic Script Identification", IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 751-756, July 1998. [3] U.Pal, B.B.Choudhuri, Script Line Separation From Indian Multi-Script Documents, Proc. 5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (IEEE Comput. Soc. Press), 1999, 406-409. [4] Santanu Choudhury, Gaurav Harit, Shekar Madnani, R.B. Shet, "Identification of Scripts of Indian Languages by Combining Trainable Classifiers", ICVGIP 2000, Dec.20-22, Bangalore, India. [5] S.Chanda, U.Pal, English, Devanagari and Urdu Text Identification, Proc. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005, 538-545. Arjun M. Y., Chirag H G	132-136
19.	Z - Source Multi Level Inverter Based PV Generation System Z - Source Multi Level Inverter Based PV Generation System Abstract: In this paper a novel technique of Z-Source multilevel Inverter based PV Generation system is implemented and simulated using MATLAB-Simulink simulation software. The Photovoltaic cells are healthier option for converting solar energy into electricity. Due to high capital cost and low efficiency PV cells have not yet been a fully smart choice for electricity users. To enhance the performance of the system, Z-Source multi level inverter can be used in place of conventional Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) in Solar Power Generation System. The PV cell model is developed using circuit mathematical equations. The Z-Source multilevel inverter is modeled to realize boosted DC to AC conversion (inversion) with low THD. Outcome shows that the energy conversion efficiency of ZSMLI is a lot improved as compared to conventional voltage Source Inverter (VSI). By doing FFT analysis we can know the total THD. Key words: PV Panel; Z-MLI; MPPT; PWM Inverter. Reference [1] R. O. Caceres and I. Barbi, ―A boost dc-ac converter: analysis, design, and experimentation,‖ The IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 134–141, Jan. 1999. [2] W. Chien-Ming, ―A novel single-stage full-bridge buck-boost inverter,‖ IEEE Transaction Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 150–159, Jan. 2004. [3] I.H. Altas, A.M. Sharaf, ―A Photovoltaic Array Simulation Model for Matlab-Simulink GUI Environment‖, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, pp. 341-345, July 2007. [4] IshaqueKashif, Salam Zainal and TaheriHamed, ―Accurate Matlab Simulink PV System Simulator Based on a Two-Diode Model‖, Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 2, Dec. 2010. [5] Islam, Aneek Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, United International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh Chowdhury, Md.Iqbal Bahar T. Lakhmi kanth, CH. Rambabu, R. Punyavathi	137-141
20.	Simulation and Experimental Studies on Composite Beams Simulation and Experimental Studies on Composite Beams Abstract: A composite beam a one dimensional structure or a rod all of them are sectional dimensions in which width and height are much smaller in comparison to the structure. In structural applications longer beams are more frequently used. In this work a composite beam is manufactured with glass and epoxy combination. And stress analysis is carried out using derived analytical expressions. This research work carried out will enable to determine the beam strength due to bending loads. The importance of fiber reinforcement in the manufacturing of the beam is studied in terms of bending strength of the beam. Mat lab codes are generated to implement analytical equations of the composite beam. The analytical results are validated by performing experiments on composite beams. In this investigation, two different composite beams have been tested and compared the experimental results with the analytical results. Key words: Composite beam, glass and epoxy, stress analysis, fiber reinforcement, Mat lab. Reference [1]. Chou and Wang A.S.D; "Control Volume Analysis of Elastic wave front in composite material", Journal of composite materials, vol.4, (1970), pp 444-453. [2]. Berthelot and Sefrani (2005); "Damping Analysis Of Unidirectional Glass fiber composite with interleaved viscoelastic layers"; Experimental investigation and Discussion [3]. Narita and Leissa; "Frequencies and M ode shapes of Cantileverered laminated composite plates, Journal of sound and vibration, vol.154, (1992) , pp 161-172. [4]. Savoia and Tullini; "Torsional Response of Inhomogeneous and Multilayered composite beams", composite structures, vol 25,(1993),pp 587-594. [5]. Laila ,D.Haji,A,Majid,A.and Shanor, B LOC Flutter of Cantilever Woven Glass/Epoxy Laminate in Subsonic flow Actameshsin,No.24,(2008),pp 107-110 M. Abhinay, P. Sampath Rao	142-147
21.	Effects of Different Parameters In Enhancing The Efficiency of Plasmonic Thin Film Solar Cells Effects of Different Parameters In Enhancing The Efficiency of Plasmonic Thin Film Solar Cells Abstract: Efficiency of thin film solar cells are less comparing to thick film solar cells which can be enhanced by utilizing the metal nanoparticles near their localized Plasmon resonance. In this paper, we have reviewed the Plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and its application in solar cell technology. Beside this, we have also reviewed about different parameters which dominate the nanoparticles to increase optical absorption. Thus a cost-effective model has been proposed. Key words: Plasmonic, Thin film, Nanoparticles, Absorption, Scattering, Extinction Reference [1] H. A. Atwater and A. Polman. "Plasmonics for Improved photovoltaic devices", Nature Material, (2010), pp. 205-213. [2] M. A. Green. "Recent developments in photovoltaics".,Solar Energy, 76:pp. 3–8, 2004. [3] V Shah, H. Schade, M. Vanecek, J. Meier, E. Vallat-Sauvain, N. Wyrsch, U. Kroll, C. Droz and J. Bailat, "Thin-film silicon solar cell technology", Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application, 12:pp. 113-142, 2004 . [4] M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, and W. Warta, "Solar cell efficiency tables (version 31)", Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 16:pp. 61–67, 2008. [5] P. Spinelli, V. E. Ferry, J. van de Groep, M.. van Lare, M. A. Verschuuren, R. E. I. Schropp, H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, "Plasmonic light trapping in thin-film Si solar cells", Journal of Optics,(2012). N.AlekhyaReddy, V.V.S.NikhilBharadwaj, M.SaiDheeraj, M.V.Sai Harshith	148-153
22.	Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A Review Performance Evaluation of Plate-Fin-And Tube Heat Exchanger with Wavy Fins- A Review Abstract: The plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in variety of industrial applications, particularly in the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration, HVAC industries. In most cases the working fluid is liquid on the tube side exchanging heat with a gas, usually air. It is seen that the performance of heat exchangers can be greatly increased with the use of unconventionally shaped flow passages such as plain, perforated offset strip, louvered, wavy, vortex generator and pin. The current study is focused on wavy-fin. The wavy surface can lengthen the path of airflow and cause better airflow mixing. In order to design better heat exchangers and come up with efficient designs, a thorough understanding of the flow of air in these channels is required. Hence this study focuses on the heat transfer and friction characteristics of the air side for wavy fin and tube heat exchanger. Reference [1] Junqi Dong,Jiangping Chen,Wenfeng Zhang,Jinwei Hua Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal -hydraulic performance in wavy fin-and-flat tube heat exchangers, Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (2010) 1377e1386 [2] M. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi,F. Hormozi , A. Zamzamian, Role of channel shape on performance of plate-fin heat exchangers: Experimental assessment [3] Santhosh Kizhakkeveedu Ramachandran NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF AIRSIDE CHARACTERISTICS IN PLAIN AND WAVY HEAT EXCHANGERS IN THE TURBULENT FLOW REGIME [4] Webb.R.L. Enhancement of single phase convective heat transfer. Handbook of single phase convective heat transfer. New York : John Wiley, 1987. [5] Wang, C. C., Lin, Y. T., Lee, C. J. and Chang, Y. J Investigation of wavy fin-and-tube heat exchangers: A contribution to databank.. 1999, Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 12, Number 1, pp. 73-89. Sandip S. Kale, V.W.Bhatkar, M.M Dange	154-158
23.	Calculation Method for Normal Inducedlongitudinal Voltage on Pilot Cable Calculation Method for Normal Inducedlongitudinal Voltage on Pilot Cable Abstract: In this paper a full study and detailed calculations of the induced voltage in pilot cables are carried out. First an introduction showing the importance of the induced voltage and its effect in pilot cables. The first calculation method Flat Formation. The second calculation method Trefoil Formation. Then the results obtained for both methods and compared. Finally a conclusion is conduct. Key words: Induced Voltage, Normal Induced Longitudinal Voltage (NILV), Pilot cable Reference [1] The underground systems reference book EEI,1957 [2] High voltage XLPE cables systems Technical user guide, BRUGG Cables. [3] CHEN shu-min,YANGLan-jun,ZHANGQiao-gen ,Su Hong-bo ,Li Yun-feng.Effect of sheath-bonding Method on Induced over voltage in 110 KV XLPE cable system in the case of ground fault surg (j). High voltage Engineering,2006. [4] Wang Min The induced voltage & circulating current in the metal shield of 10 KV sigle phase electrical cables (j). High voltage Engineering,2006. [5] P.L. Ostermann, Editor, Underground Transmission systems reference book ,NewYork :Electric Power Research Institute,1992 Edition. Abdelaziz B.M. Kamel, Ahmed R.E. Bakr	159-166
24.	Spatial Analysis of Soil and Water Quality in Tsunami AffectedAreas of Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu, India Spatial Analysis of Soil and Water Quality in Tsunami AffectedAreas of Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu, India Abstract: In India, the natural disasters, especially the Tsunami in 2004 having exposed our unpreparedness, variability, diverse scientific, engineering, financial and also social processes. Vedaranyamtalukof Nagapattinam coastal region of Tamilnadu, India,was severely affected by Tsunami-2004. Due to its unique geological nature and climate conditions, the quality of soil and water resources was subjected to natural and synthetic changes. The recent efforts of prawn culture and saltpan in these areas also affect the natural resources. This study has revealed the present scenario of soil and water resources by analyzing their chemical parameters in the Tsunami affected areas after ten years of Tsunami-2004. For this study, soil samples (less than 30cm depth from land surface) and groundwater samples (from existing hand/bore pumps) were collected in the study area. It was observed from the analysis that the pH of soil was improved well and EC was lowered significantly except few places. Regarding the available N, P, K of soil, N was low, P and Kwere low to medium range. Further thepH,DO, Turbidity, Hardness,Cl and Mgof groundwater were within the permissible limit;EC and TDS were slight to moderate range for irrigation and drinking.The SAR is within the maximum allowable limit which inferred that groundwater can be used for irrigation without any risk.Thisspatial-temporal variability of soil and water parameters were mapped in GIS environment (Surfer ver. 9) and compared with pretsunami-2004 as well as ground truth scenario. Keeping these results, the soil is suitable for agriculture production. The natural flash flood has helped to reduce contamination of soil and water due to Tsunami-2004. However,due to alkaline in nature the quality of groundwater is not fit for drinking in some places but suitable for irrigation. Among the affected villages, Vedaranyam village has worst quality. This study also recommends suitable management strategies for sustainable development. Key words: Tsunami, water and soil parameters, spatial analysis, Surfer ver. 9 Reference [1.] Ayers R.S. (1985),"Water Quality Management for Agriculture", FAO Irrigation and drainage paper. [2.] BIS (1983), "Standards for water for drinking and other purposes", Bureau of Indian Standards Publication, New Delhi. [3.] Burroughs P.A. (1989) "Principle of Geological Information System for land Resources Assessment", Clarendon Press, Oxford. [4.] ChandrasekaranH. and StalinM. (2008),"Variability of soil-water quality due to Tsunami-2004 in the coastal belt of Nagapattinam district,Tamilnadu",Journal of Environmental Management,Vol.89(1), pp.63-72. [5.] Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),(2005), "Effort of Tsunami on coastal crop husbandry in part of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu", Current science, Vol. 89. No.1, pp. 30-32. M. Velayudha Das and Dr. S.Poongothai	167-173
25.	Optimization of Pre Engineered Buildings Optimization of Pre Engineered Buildings Abstract: Pre-engineered buildings have become quite popular in the last few years. The main advantages are speed of construction and good control over quality. However there is not much information on its economy. There are several parameters like the inclination of the gable, spans, bay spacing, which control the cost of the structure. In the present paper the above parameters are varied systematically and in each case the gable frame designed for the common loads DL, LL, EQ, and WL. The quantity in each case is obtained and finally the structure which regulates the lowest quantity of steel is recommended. Key words: pre-engineered building, staad pro, working stress method, bay spacing, angle of inclination, span and tapered sections. Reference [1] Dr. N. Subramanian, "Design of steel structures‟ [2] Dr. N. Subramanian (2008), "Pre-engineered Buildings Selection of Framing System, Roofing and Wall Materials", TheMasterbuilder, pp. 48-6. [3] Gurusharan Singh, "Introduction to Pre Engineered Buildings", http://www.engneeringcivil.com/ preenginered-buildngs.html. [4] IS : 800 - 2007 :- General Construction In Steel - Code of Practice. [5] IS : 875 (Part 1) - 1987 :- Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures- Dead Loads. B K Raghu Prasad, Sunil kumar, Amaranth K	174-183
26.	Ground Improvement of Dune Sand Fields For The Purpose of Moisture Retention Ground Improvement of Dune Sand Fields For The Purpose of Moisture Retention Abstract: Plant growth depends on the use of two important natural resources, soil and water. Soil provides the mechanical and nutrient support necessary for plant growth. Water is the major input for the growth and development of all types of plants. The availability of water, its movement and its retention are governed by the properties of soil. The properties like bulk density, mechanical composition, hydraulic conductivity etc depends on the nature and formation of soil and land use characteristics in addition to the weathering processes and the geological formations. Effective management of the resources for crop production requires the need to understand relationship between soil, water and plants. Study of soil and its water holding capacity is essential for the efficient utilization of irrigation water. Hence identification of geotechnical parameters which influences the water retention capacity and the method of adding admixtures to improve the retention capacity play an important role in Irrigation Engineering. This Paper aims to focuses on improving moisture retention of soil by addition of bentonite clay and experimental analysis for monitoring the variation of moisture retention. Key words: Mixture, Bentonite, Dune sand, Irrometer, Moisture retention. Reference [1] Ameta N. K. and Wayal A. S., ―Effect of Bentonite on permeability of dune sand", Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), Vol.13, Bundle A, 2008. [2] Ameta, N. K., Purohit, D.G. M. and Wayal, A.S. (2008), Characteristics, problems and remedies of expansive soils of Rajasthan, India, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,Vol.13, Bundle A, 2008. [3] Bowles JE (1998) ―Engineering Properties of Soil and Their Measurement‖, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore‖ [4] Chapuis, R.P. (1981) ―Permeability testing of soil-Bentonite mixtures," Proceedings, 10th International conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation engineering, Stockholm, Vol.4,744-745. [5] Chapuis, R.P (1990) ―Sand-Bentonite liners: predicting permeability from laboratory tests‖ Can. Geotech. J. 27, 47-57 Dr.A.S.Wayal, Dr.N.K.Ameta,Gourav Gill	184-190
27.	A Novel Solitude Conserving Location Monitoring Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks A Novel Solitude Conserving Location Monitoring Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks Abstract: Observing individual locations with a capable untrusted server impose secrecy threats to the monitored individuals. In this paper we propose "A Novel Solitude Conserving Location Monitoring approach for Wireless Sensor networks". We design two approaches to study nondescript locations in-network approaches, namely quality-aware and resource-aware approaches, that aims to enable the system to give high end quality location monitoring services for end users, while conserving personal location privacy. Both approaches are worked based on k-anonymity solitude (i.e.,an object is indistinguishable among k objects), to enable highly trusted sensor nodes to provide the collective location data of monitored objects for our system. Each collective location is in a form of a observed area X along with the number of monitored objects reside in X. The resource-aware approach objective to optimize the computational and communication value, while quality-aware approach aims to increase the reliability of the collective location data by reducing their observing areas. We use spatial histogram methodology to estimates the distribution of observing objects based on the gathered collective location data. We evaluated these two approaches through simulated experiments. The simulation results shows that these approaches gives high quality location observing services for end users and assure the location secrecy of the monitored objects. Key words: Anonymity, location, solitude spatial histogram, wireless sensor network Reference [1]. One systems Technologies, Counting people in buildings.http://www.onesystemstech.com.sg/index.php?option=com content&task=view%&id=10. [2]. Traf-Sys Inc., .People counting systems. http://www.trafsys.com/products/people counters/thermal-sensor.aspx.. [3]. A. Harter, A. Hopper, P. Steggles, A. Ward, and P. Webster, .The anatomy of a context-aware application,. in Proc. of MobiCom, 1999. [4]. N. B. Priyantha, A. Chakraborty, and H. Balakrishnan, .The cricket location-support system,. in Proc. of MobiCom, 2000. [5]. E. Snekkenes, .Concepts for personal location privacy policies,. in Proc. of ACM EC, 2001. Pravallika. K, Suvarna. K , Chakrapani. T	191-198