Peer Reviewed Journal

Rotation Invariant Matching of Partial Shoeprints

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a solution for the problem of rotated partial shoeprints retrieval based on the combined use of local points of interest and SIFT descriptor. Once the generated features are encoded using SIFT descriptor, matching is carried out using RANSAC to estimate a transformation model and establish the number of its inliers which is then multiplied by the sum of point-to-point Euclidean distances below a hard threshold. We demonstrate that such combination can overcome the issue of retrieval of partial prints in the presence of rotation and noise distortions. Conducted experiments have shown that the proposed solution achieves very good matching results and outperforms similar work in the literature both in terms of performances and complexity.

Reference
[1] W.J. Bodziak, "Footwear Impression Evidence – Detection, Recovery and Examination", CRC Press LLC , 2000.
[2] T. Thompson and S. Black, "Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction", CRC Press, 2007.
[3] Foster and Freeman Ltd, 2009, http://www.fosterfreeman.co.uk, last time visited 15 April 2009.
[4] P. D. Chazal, J. Flynn, and R.B. Reilly, "Automated processing of shoeprint images based on the Fourier transform for use in forensic science," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis. Machine Intelligence. vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 341-350, March. 2005.
[5] M. Gueham, A. Bouridane and D. Crookes, " Automatic Recognition of Partial Shoeprints Using a Correlation Filter Classifier", in Proc. of the 2008 Machine Vision an d Image Processing International Conference, IMVIP '08, pp: 37-42.

Reduction of Outage Probability in Fast Rayleigh Fading MIMO Channels Using OFDM

Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are used in wireless communications for achieving high spectral efficiency; however, a fast fading spatial channel can increase the outage probability of a MIMO system if not taken care of. This paper investigates the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique for a MIMO system operating in fast Rayleigh fading channels with the aim of eliminating outage probabilities in the MIMO systems. Simulation results show that the MIMO-OFDM system gives significant reduction in outage probabilities compared to the conventional MIMO system.

Key words: Fast fading, outage probability, MIMO, OFDM, SNR, transmission rate, channel capacity

Reference
[1] G.J. Foschini and M.J. Gans, On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas, Wireless Personal Communications, 6, 1998, 311-335.
[2] I.E. Telatar, Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian Channels, Europ. Trans. Telecomm., 10, 1999, 585-595.
[3] W. Mattias, On MIMO systems and Adaptive Arrays for Wireless Communications, Analysis and Practical Aspects, Ph.D. thesis, Signals and Systems, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2002.
[4] C. Mehlfuhrer, S. Caban and M. Rupp, Experimental evaluation of adaptive modulation and coding in MIMO WiMAX with limited feedback, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2008,
[5] T. Weber, A. Sklavos and M. Meurer, Imperfect Channel–State Information in MIMO Transmission, IEEE transactions on communication, 54(3), 2006, 543-552.

Communication Performance Over A Gigabit Ethernet Network

Abstract: A present computing imposes heavy demands on the optical communication network. Gigabit Ethernet technology can provide the required bandwidth to meet these demands. However, it has also involve the communication Impediment to progress from network media to TCP(Transfer control protocol) processing. In this paper, present an overview of Gigabit per second Ethernet technology and study the end-to-end Gigabit Ethernet communication bandwidth and retrieval time. Performance graphs are collected using NetPipe in this clearly show the performance characteristics of TCP/IP over Gigabit Ethernet. These indicate the impact of a number of factors such as processor speeds, network adaptors, versions of the Linux Kernel or opnet softwar and device drivers, and TCP/IP(Internet protocol) tuning on the performance of Gigabit Ethernet between two Pentium II/350 PCs. Among the important conclusions are the marked superiority of the 2.1.121 and later development kernels and 2.2.x production kernels of Linux or opnet softwar used and that the ability to increase the MTU(maximum transmission unit) Further than the Ethernet standard of 1500 could significantly enhance the throughput reachable.

Reference
[1] Q.O. Snell, A.R. Mikler, and J.L Gustafson"Net-PIPE: Network Protocol IndependentPerformanceEvaluator", Ames Laborator Scalable ComputingLab.
[2] Gigabit Ethernet Alliance,"Gigabit EthernetOverview http:/www.gigabitethernet.org
[3] M. Mathis, J.Mahdavi, S. Floyd, A. Romanow,"TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options.
[4] Packet Engines,Gigabit Ethernet Networking with Full-Duplex Repeater Technology.http://www.packetengines.com/
[5] Gigabit Ethernet Alliance, "Gigabit Ethernet Over Copper", March, 2007. http://www.gigabit ethernet.org/

MHD convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid over a stretched vertical flat plate in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Hall current effect using similarity solutions and HPM technique

Abstract: The effect of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and hall current of the MHD convection flow of the viscous incompressible fluid over a stretched vertical flat plate has been discussed by using regular perturbation and homotophy perturbation technique with similarity solutions. The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, cross flow velocity and temperature of fluid has been obtained numerically and through graphs.

Key words: Thermal Radiation; Viscous Dissipation; Hall Current effect; MHD flow; Homotophy Perturbation Technique; Stretched flat plate

Reference
[1.] Sakiadis BC. Boundary layer behavior on continuous solid surfaces. AlChe J 1961; 7:26–8.
[2.] Banks WHH, Zaturska MB. Eigen solutions in boundary-layer flow adjacent to a stretching wall. IMA J Appl Math 1986; 36:263–73.
[3.] Sparrow EM, Abraham JP. Universal solutions for the stream wise variation of the temperature of a moving sheet in the presence of a moving fluid. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2005; 48:3047–56.
[4.] Abraham JP, Sparrow EM. Friction drags resulting from the simultaneous imposed motions of a free stream and its bounding surface. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 2005; 26:289–95.
[5.] He J.H. (2005): "Applications of Homotophy Perturbation Method to Nonlinear wave equations".Chaos Solutions Fractals 26, pp. 295-300.

Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication System

Abstract: With the ever increasing number of subscribers and their seemingly "greedy" demands for high-data-rate services, the next generation networks will have to provide global connectivity to ensure success. So the combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the data rates of next-generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency-selective fading environments. Therefore hybrid architecture between terrestrial and satellite networks based on MIMO-OFDM with frequency reuse is employed here. However, this frequency reuse introduces severe co-channel interference (CCI) at the satellite end. To mitigate CCI, we propose an OFDM based adaptive beamformer implemented on-board the satellite with pilot reallocation at the transmitter side. The system performance is simulated by using the software MATLAB, the experimental result shows that the MIMO-OFDM communication system has better performance when compared.

Key words: Adaptive beamforming, Co-channel interference (CCI) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).

Reference
[1] Farman Ullah, Nadia N Qadri, Muhammad Asif Zakriyya, Aamir Khan , "Hybrid Communication System based on OFDM,"I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, Nov 2013,vol.12, pp 31-38.
[2] Ammar H. Khan, Muhammad A. Imran and Barry G. Evans, "OFDM based Adaptive Beamforming for Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Mobile System with Pilot Reallocation," International workshop on satellite and space communications IEEE, pp 201-205
[3] Litwin, L. and Pugel, M, "The Principles of OFDM," RF signal processing Magazine Jan 2001 pp 30-48, www.rfdesign.com Accessed [ 21 April 2010]
[4] Shaoping Chen and Cuitao Zhu, "ICI and ISI Analysis and Mitigation for OFDM Systems with Insufficient Cyclic Prefix in Time-Varying Channels," IEEE Transaction on Consumer Elecronics, vol. 50, No. 1, Feb 2004
[5] C. K. Kim, K. Lee and Y.S. Cho, "Adaptive beamforming algorithm for OFDM systems with antenna arrays," vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1052-1058, Nov. 2000.

Towards Improving Crash Data Management System in Gulf Countries

Abstract: Scientific and analytical approaches to accident data collection, storage and analysis are essential in dealing with road safety problems. Police accident records in the majority of countries form the main (and sometimes the only) source of accident data. Access to the accident database is also important to identifying specific safety problems and evaluating the effectiveness of the countermeasure introduced. Accident data collection and analysis offered by technological innovation such as Electronic Data Entry (EDE), Electronic Data transfer (EDT), and Geographic Information system (GIS) are implemented in developed countries. Developing countries, including the Gulf countries, should take advantage of the experience of developed countries on how the advance accident data management system works to identifying, more accurately, the main factors contributing to traffic accident. The main purpose of this research is to provide information on accident statistics process in Virginia state, starting from the time of accident occurring until it is stored in the database, with the aim of using it towards improving the process of collecting and maintaining accident data system in Gulf countries. The task is performed by reviewing the relevant international literature and interviewing police officers in charge and academic researchers in order to compare the accident data management system and also the quality of the data. Recommendations towards developing the crash data management system will be obtained based on the research results and international experience.

Key words: Accident database, Gulf countries, Accident Record System

Reference
[1.] H.M.N. Al-Madani (2013). "Fatal crashes in GCC countries: comparative analysis with EU countries for three decades". Safety and security engineering.,134, 471-482
[2.] Monsere, C. M., Wilson E. E. and Springberg, A. (2005). "Enhancing the Oregon Crash Reporting Process: A Feasibility Study". District 6 Annual Meeting, Kalispell, Montana, July 10-13, 2005
[3.] Griffith, Michael S. (2003). "Data is key to understanding and improving road safety". Public Roads, US Department of Transportation, Vol. 66 (4). Retrieved April 21st, 2005 from http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/03jan/09.htm
[4.] Pettit, Frances Anne (2002). "A Comparison of World-Wide Web and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires". Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34 (1), 50-54.
[5.] Liang, L.Y., Mo‟soem, D.M., Hua, L.T. (2005).Traffic accident application using geographic information system. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6,pp. 3574–3589.

Power Quality Improvement at Distribution Level for Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract: The non-linear load current harmonics may result in voltage harmonics and can create a serious PQ problem in the power system network. Active power filters (APF) are extensively used to compensate the load current harmonics and load unbalance at distribution level. This results in an additional hardware cost. However, in this project it has incorporated the features of APF in the conventional inverter interfacing renewable with the grid, without any additional hardware cost. Here, the main idea is the maximum utilization of inverter rating which is most of the time underutilized due to intermittent nature of RES. The grid-interfacing inverter can effectively be utilized to perform the four important functions they are to transfer active power harvested from the renewable resources (wind, solar, etc.), load reactive power demand support, current harmonics compensation at PCC and current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. Moreover, with adequate control of grid-interfacing inverter, all the four objectives can be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. The PQ constraints at the PCC can therefore be strictly maintained within the utility standards without additional hardware cost. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies

Index Terms: Active power filter (APF), distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), renewable energy.

Reference
[1] J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and J. Miret, "A wireless controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed generation systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1205–1213, Sep. 2004.
[2] J. H. R. Enslin and P. J. M. Heskes, "Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1586–1593, Nov. 2004.
[3] U. Borup, F. Blaabjerg, and P. N. Enjeti, "Sharing of nonlinear load in parallel-connected three-phase converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1817–1823, Nov./Dec. 2001.
[4] P. Jintakosonwit, H. Fujita, H. Akagi, and S. Ogasawara, "Implementation and performance of cooperative control of shunt active filters for harmonic damping throughout a power distribution system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 556–564, Mar./Apr. 2003.
[5] J. P. Pinto, R. Pregitzer, L. F. C. Monteiro, and J. L. Afonso, "3-phase 4-wire shunt active power filter with renewable energy interface," presented at the Conf. IEEE Rnewable Energy & Power Quality, Seville, Spain, 2007.

Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distribution System

Abstract: The distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, fuel cells, and storage systems such as ultra capacitors and batteries) are of great interest due to their low environmental impact and technical advantages such as improvements in voltage levels and reduced power losses when a distributed generation system is installed in radial lines. Two control algorithms were proposed to improve the grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations methods, in which the distributed generation system must detect the situation and switch from power or current to voltage as a control variable to provide constant rms voltage to the local loads. The power flow between the grid and the distributed generation is controlled by applying a power/voltage method that regulates the amplitude and the displacement of the grid voltage synthesized by the distributed generation, while a phase-locked loop algorithm is used to synchronize the grid and distributed generation.

Index Terms: Distributed generation (DG), islanding modes, power converters.

Reference
[1] M. G. Simões and F. A. Farret, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006.
[2] A. Keyhani,M. N.Marwali, andM. Dai, Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010.
[3] S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, G. A. Taylor, and Y. H. Song, ―Mathematical modelling and performance evaluation of a stand-alone polycrystalline PV plant with MPPT facility,‖ in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting—Conversion Delivery Electrical Energy 21st Century, 2008, pp. 1–7.
[4] Y. Wen-Chih and H. Wei-Tzer, ―A load transfer scheme of radial distribution feeders considering distributed generation,‖ Proc. CIS, pp. 243–248, 2010.
[5] D. D. Marquezini, D. B. Ramos, R. Q. Machado, and F. A. Farret, ―Interaction between proton exchange membrane fuel cells and power converters for AC integration,‖ IET Renewable Power Gener., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 151–161, Sep. 2008.

Non-Linear Static Analysis of G+6 Storeyed RC Buildings with Openings in Infill Walls

Abstract: Masonry infill walls are commonly used in the RC frame structure buildings. Openings are inevitable part of the infill walls. Openings in infill walls significantly decrease the lateral strength and stiffness of RC frames. In the present study two-dimensional seven storeyed reinforced concrete (RC) building models are considered with of (5%, 25%, and 35% openings Bare frame and soft storey buildings are modeled considering special moment resisting frame (SMRF) for medium soil profile and zone III. Concrete block infill walls are modeled as pin-jointed single equivalent diagonal strut. Pushover analysis is carried out for both default and user defined hinge properties as per FEMA 440 guidelines using SAP2000 software. Results of default and user defined hinge properties are studied by pushover analysis. The results of ductility ratio, safety ratio, global stiffness, and hinge status at performance point are compared with the models. Authors conclude that as the percentage of openings increases, vulnerability increases in the infill walls. The user-defined hinge model is better than the default-hinge model in reflecting nonlinear behavior. The misuse of default-hinge properties may lead to unreasonable displacement capacities for existing structures. However, if the default-hinge model is preferred due to simplicity, the user should be aware of what is provided in the program and should avoid the misuse of default-hinge properties.

Key words: Openings, Default and User defined hinges, Pushover analysis, Performance levels, Ductility ratio, Safety ratio, Global stiffness

Reference
[1] C.V.R. Murthy (2002), "What are the Seismic Effects on Structures?" Earthquake tip 05, IITK –BMTPC.
[2] B.G. Prashanta and S.S. Dyavanal (2007), "Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Multistoreyed Buildings with the Openings in U M Infill Walls", RDSE-2007, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal. 30-31st August.
[3] G. Mondal and S.K. Jain, "Lateral Stiffness of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frames with Central Opening", Earthquake Spectra, Vol 24, No 3, pages 701-723, Indian Institute of Technology, India, 2008.
[4] IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002.
[5] S.K. Jain, and C.V.R. Murty, Proposed draft provision and commentary on Indian Seismic Code IS 1893 (Part 1), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

Experimental investigation of damping force of twin tube shock absorber

Abstract: A shock absorber is a mechanical device to damp shock impulse and convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. The damping effect of shock absorber depends on damping force and damping force is affected by various process parameters. In this analysis three process parameters damping diameter(A), number of holes(B) and suspension velocity(C) were considered and their effect on damping force of shock absorber was studied and accordingly suitable orthogonal array was selected by taguchi method. Experiment conducted on servo hydraulic testing machine and after conducting experiments damping force was measured and with the help of S/N ratio, ANOVA, Regression analysis optimum parameter values can be obtained and confirmation experiments was carried out. Twin tube shock absorber was used to carry out experimentation.

Key words: Twin tube shock absorber, Taguchi method, damping force, process parameters

Reference
[1] Arokiasamy Mariajayaprakash, Thiyagarajan Senthilvelan and Krishnapillai Ponnambal Vivekananthan," Optimisation of shock absorber process parameters using failure mode and effect analysis and genetic algorithm", International Journal of Industrial Engineering 2013
[2] Hashmi Ayas Jameel Ahmed, Rathi M.G., "Analysis of damping force of two wheeler front suspension", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 6 (2013) 428-434.
[3] J .C.Dixon, Shock Absorber Handbook, john wiley and sons.
[4] Choon-Tae Leea, Byung-Young Moon, "Simulation and experimental validation of vehicle dynamic characteristics for displacement-sensitive shock absorber using fluid-flow modeling" Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 20 (2006) 373–388.(elements of shock absorber)
[5] Yongijie Lu, Shaohua Li, Na Chen, " Research on damping Charecteristics of shock absorber for heavy vehicle", Reaserch journal of applied sciences, engineering and technology 5(3): 842-847, 2013.(Test rig)

Dynamic Analysis of Rotating Shaft Subjects to Slant Crack with Experimentation and ANSYS Validation

Abstract: The paper contents the dynamic study of rotating shaft with slant crack on surface of shaft. Slant cracks are prepared artificially on surface of shaft with material EN8. In this study, crack location taken on shaft 150 mm from motor side and also for effective study healthy shaft of EN8 material is taken. Experimental results are taken with the help of FFT analyzer. Analysis is carried out from these results and finally these results are validated in FEA software i. e. ANSYS14 software. These validated results with graphs are explained in this paper. The experimentation is also done on healthy shaft of EN8 material for analysis. This paper mainly focused on validation of experimental results with ANSYS software.

Key words: Crack depth, Crack location, Cracked shaft, FFT analyzer, Healthy shaft, Slant crack.

Reference
[1] Qinkai Han, Jingshan Zhao, Fulei Chu, "Dynamic analysis of a geared rotor system considering a slant crack on the shaft", (Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.331 (2012), pp. 5803–5823)
[2] R. Ramezanpour, M. Ghayour, S. Ziaei-Rad, "Dynamic behavior of Jeffcott rotors with an arbitrary slant crack orientation on the shaft", (Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol.6 (2012), pp.35–52)
[3] Yanli Lin, Fulei Chu, "The dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on the shaft", (Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol.24 (2010), pp.522–545)
[4] A.S. Sekhar, "Multiple cracks effects and identification", (Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing vol.22 (2008) pp.845–878)
[5] Ashish K. Darpe, "Coupled vibrations of a rotor with slant crack", (Journal of Sound and Vibration vol.305 (2007) pp.172–193)

Design of High speed Low Power Reversible Vedic multiplier and Reversible Divider

Abstract: This paper bring out a 32X32 bit reversible Vedic multiplier using "Urdhva Tiryakabhayam" sutra meaning vertical and crosswise, is designed using reversible logic gates, which is the first of its kind. Also in this paper we propose a new reversible unsigned division circuit. This circuit is designed using reversible components like reversible parallel adder, reversible left-shift register, reversible multiplexer, reversible n-bit register with parallel load line. The reversible vedic multiplier and reversible divider modules have been written in Verilog HDL and then synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE 9.2i. This reversible vedic multiplier results shows less delay and less power consumption by comparing with array multiplier.

Key words: Reversible Logic Gates, Reversible Left-Shift Register, Reversible Multiplexer, Urdhva Tiryakabhayam, Vedic Multiplier

Reference
[1] Swami Bharati Krsna Tirtha, Vedic Mathematics. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass publishers 1965
[2] Rakshith Saligram and Rakshith T.R. "Design of Reversible Multipliers for linear filtering Applications in DSP" International Journal of VLSI Design and Communication systems, Dec-12
[3] R. Landauer,"Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computational Process", IBM Journal of Research and Development, 5, pp.183-191, 1961.
[4] C.H. Bennett, "Logical reversibility of Computation", IBM J. Research and Development, pp.525-532, November 1973.
[5] R. Feynman, "Quantum Mechanical Computers," Optics News,Vol.1l, pp. 11-20, 1985.

Behaviour of M30 Grade concrete with confinement under axial compression

Abstract: The strength and durability of concrete have undergone continuous improvement. Over the years and these improved materials are now commonly used. In the present experimental investigation the behaviour of M30 grade concrete with and without confinement for different percentages of replacement of silica fume is studied under axial compression as per IS mix design. The 150mm x 300mm cylindrical specimens were cast with and without confinement and investigating the mechanical properties like axial compressive strength and stress –strain behaviour. It was observed that the confinement of concrete has increased the 28days strength for different percentages of confinement and that the peak stress and corresponding strain at peak stress increased with increase in percentages of confinement

Key words: Axial compression strength, confinement, cylinders, Silica fume, stress-strain behaviour,

Reference
[1]. C.RAJAMALLU,A.BALAJI Rao, Behaviour Of Self Compacting Concrete Under Axial Compression With And Without Confinement (ISSN: 2348-4748,Volume 1,ISSUE 3,March 2014)
[2]. NRD Murthy, Ramaseshu D, Rao MVS. " Constitutive Behaviour Of Fly Ash Concrete With Steel Fibers In Ordinary Grade, IE(Institute Of Engineers) Journal"-Vol,88(2007) 41-46.
[3]. Dr.M.V.Seshagiri Rao " Self Compacting High Performance Concrete",JNTUCE, Hyderabad.
[4]. H.Y.Leung And C.J.Burgoyne Compressive Behaviour Of Concrete Confined By Aramid Fiber Spirals
[5]. Metin Husem and selim pul investigation of stress-strain model for confined high strength concrete

Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane over Pd/AC and Pd/CB catalysts for hydrogen production and carbon nanofibers formation

Abstract: Hydrogen production studies have been carried using Thermo Catalytic Decomposition (TCD) Unit. Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane is an attractive route for CO_x free production of hydrogen required in fuel cells. Although metal based catalysts produce hydrogen at low temperatures, carbon formed during methane decomposition reaction rapidly deactivates the catalyst. The present work compares the results of 10 wt% Pd supported on commercially available activated carbon and carbon black catalysts (samples coded as Pd10/AC and Pd10/CB respectively) for methane decomposition reaction. Hydrogen has been produced by thermo catalytic decomposition of methane at 1123K and Volume Hourly Space Velocity (VHSV) of 1.62 L/h g on the activity of both the catalysts has been studied. XRD of the above catalysts revealed, moderately crystalline peaks of Pd which may be responsible for the increase in catalytic life and formation of carbon fibers. Also during life studies (850°C and 54 sccm of methane) it has been observed that the activity of carbon black is sustainable for a longer time compared to that of activated carbon.

Key words: Hydrogen, palladium chloride, activated carbon (AC), carbon black (CB), thermo catalytic decomposition.

Reference
[1] Altork, L.N. & Busby, J.R. (2010 Oct). Hydrogen fuel cells: part of the solution. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70(2), 22-27.
[2] Steinberg, M., Fossil fuel decarbonization technology for mitigating global warming. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1999; 24: 771-7.
[3] Muradov,NZ, Veziroglu, TN. From hydrocarbon to hydrogen-carbon to hydrogen economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2005; 30: 225-37.
[4] Choudhary, TV, Sivadinarayana, C, ChusueiCC, KlinghofferA, Goodman DW. Hydrogen production via catalytic decomposition of methane.Journal of Catalysis 2001; 199:9-18.
[5] Ishihara T,Miyashita Y, Iseda H, TakitaY.Decomposition of methane over Ni/SiO2 catalysts with membrane reactor for the production of hydrogen.ChemLett 1995;24:93-4.

Design and Implementation of Quintuple Processor Architecture Using FPGA

Abstract: The advanced quintuple processor core is a design philosophy that has become a mainstream in Scientific and engineering applications. Increasing performance and gate capacity of recent FPGA devices permit complex logic systems to be implemented on a single programmable device. The embedded multiprocessors face a new problem with thread synchronization. It is caused by the distributed memory, when thread synchronization is violated the processors can access the same value at the same time. Basically the processor performance can be increased by adopting clock scaling technique and micro architectural Enhancements. Therefore, Designed a new Architecture called Advanced Concurrent Computing. This is implemented on the FPGA chip using VHDL. The advanced Concurrent Computing architecture performs a simultaneous use of both parallel and distributed computing. The full architecture of quintuple processor core designed for realistic to perform arithmetic, logical, shifting and bit manipulation operations. The proposed advanced quintuple processor core contains Homogeneous RISC processors, added with pipelined processing units, multi bus organization and I/O ports along with the other functional elements required to implement embedded SOC solutions. The designed quintuple performance issues like area, speed and power dissipation and propagation delay are analyzed at 90nm process technology using Xilinx tool.

Key words: FPGA, VHDL, RISC.

Reference
[1] Tai-Hua, Lu, Chung-Ho Chen, KuenJong Lee. "Effective Hybrid Test Program Development for Software-Based Self-Testing of Quad Cores" ,IEEE Manuscript received April 03, 2012, revised August 14, 2012, first published December 18, 2012.
[2] Gohringer, D., Hubner, M.Perschke, T., Becker. J. "New Dimensions for Quad core Architectures Demand Heterogeneity", Infrastructure and Performance through reconfigurability The EMPSoC Approach".In Proc of FPL 2010, PP.495-498, Sept 2010.
[3] Lysaght, P. Blodget, B. Mason, J.Young, B.Bridgford. "Invited Paper: Quad core design Methodologies and CAD Tools for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Xilinx FPGAs". In Proceedings of FPL 2009, August 2009.
[4] D.Tullsen, S. Eggers, and H. Levy, "Simultaneous Multithreading: Maximizing On- Chip Parallelism," Proc. 22nd Ann. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, ACM Press, New York,1995, pp. 392-403.
[5] J. lo,S. Eggers, J. Emer, H. Levy, R. Sstamm, and D. Tullsen."Converting thread level parallelism into instruction-level parallelism via simultaneous multithreading". ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 15(2), pp. 323-354, August 1997.

Design and Optimisation of Sae Mini Baja Chassis

Abstract: The objective is to design and develop the roll cage for All - Terrain Vehicle accordance with the rulebook of BAJA 2014 given by SAE. The frame of the SAE Baja vehicle needs to be lightweight and structurally sound to be competitive but still protect the driver. The vehicle needs to traverse all types of off-road conditions including large rocks, downed logs, mud holes, steep inclines, jumps and off camber turns. During the competition events there is significant risk of rollovers, falling from steep ledges, collisions with stationary objects, or impacts from other vehicles. Material for the roll cage is selected based on strength and availability. A software model is prepared in Pro-engineer. Later the design is tested against all modes of failure by conducting various simulations and stress analysis with the aid of ANSYS 13. Based on the result obtained from these tests the design is modified accordingly. A target of 2 is set for Yield Factor of Safety.

Key words: SAE Baja vehicle, Factor of Safety, All Terrain Vehicle, Roll cage, Chasis

Reference
[1] Rulebook BAJA SAE INTERNATIONAL 2014. [2] Chris Bennett, Eric Lockwood, Anthony McClinton, Robin McRee and Colin Pemberton "SAE Mini Baja Frame Analysis".
[3] MohdHanif Mat*, Amir Radzi Ab. Ghani "Design and Analysis of 'Eco' Car Chassis",International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors 2012 (IRIS 2012)
[4] Elert, Glenn. "Acceleration That Would Kill a Human,"http://hypertextbook.com/facts/ 2004/YuriyRafailov.shtml
[5] http://users.tpg.com.au/users/mpaine/rollov er.html

A survey on User's security in cloud

Abstract: Cloud computing is a new wave in the field of information technology. Some see it as an emerging field in computer science. It consists of a set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Hence, "cloud computing" is also called "Internet computing." The word "cloud" is a metaphor for describing the Web as a space where computing has been preinstalled and exists as a service. Operating systems, applications, storage, data, and processing capacity all exist on the Web, ready to be shared among users [1].

Key words: Cloud computing, cloud security, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.

Reference
[1] Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Sarhan M. Musa, and OMonowo D. MoMOh, Cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges, IEEE potentials, pp. 34-36, January/February 2014.
[2] Shraddha M. Gurav, Leena S. Gawade, Prathamey K. Rane and Nilesh R. Khochare, Graphical Password Authentication Cloud securing scheme, IEEE Computer Society , pp.479-483, 2014.
[3] Rajkumar Chalse, Ashwin Selokar , Arun Katara, A New Technique of Data Integrity for Analysis of the Cloud Computing Security, IEEE 2013.
[4] Issa M. Khalil, Abdallah Khreishah, Salah Bouktif, Azeem Ahmad, Security Concerns in Cloud Computing, IEEE 2013.
[5] Arjun Kumar, Byung Gook Lee, HoonJae Lee, Secure Storage and Access of Data in Cloud Computing, IEEE 2012.

Design of a Sample and Hold Circuit using Rail to Rail Low Voltage Compact Operational Amplifier and bootstrap Switching

Abstract: This paper presents a low power high performance and higher sampling speed sample and hold circuit. The proposed circuit is designed at 180 nm technology and has high linearity. The circuit can be used for the ADC frontend applications and supports double sampling architecture. The proposed sample and hold circuit has common mode range beyond rail to rail and uses two differential pairs transistor stages connected in parallel as its input stage.

Key words: Differential Operation Amplifier, Rail to Rail Input, Sample and Hold, Constant Transconductance

Reference
[1] S. Sakurai and M. Ismail, LOW-VOLTAGE CMOS OPERA-TIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Theory, Design and Implementation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
[2] K. Nagaraj, "Constant transconductance CMOS amplifier input stage with rail-to-rail input common mode voltage range," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Part Ii, vol. 42, pp. 366-368,1995.
[3] W. C. M. Renirie, K. J. de Langen, J. H. Huijsing, "Parallel feed forward class-AB control circuits for low-voltage bipolar rail-to-rail output stages of operational amplifiers," in Proc. Analog Integrated Circ. Signal, July 1995, vol. 8, pp. 37–48.
[4] P. J. Lim and B. A. Wooley, "A High-speed sample-and-hold technique using a miller hold capacitance," IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, vol. 26, no.4 pp. 643--651, Aprill 99 1.
[5] J.Steensgaard, "Bootstrapped low-voltage analog switches", IEEE Circuits and Systems, 1999.

Technologies, Strategies And Algorithm In Green Computing – Solution To Energy Crisis

Abstract: A safe and non-polluted environment is the basic need of a living being. But today the situation is getting changed. Our environment is getting polluted day by day at a very high rate. The use of computing devices plays a vital role in harmfulness of environment. To reduce these harmful impacts the concept of Green Computing must be implemented. In this research paper, we includes some technologies, strategies and algorithm which are used for the implementation of green computing. The main reason is the awareness of a common user. If a common user is getting aware about the harmful impacts of use of computing devices over environment and takes some steps at own level to reduce electricity, the concept of green computing will be implemented.

Key words: Green computing, environment, computers, hazardous, carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Reference
[1] Jacob John,‖Green -717 Computing Strategies for Improving Energy Efficienty in IT Systems‖, Volume No.3 Issue No.6, pp : 715.
[2] Rana Priya,; Green Computing Saves Green; International Journal of Advanced Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Vol 1, Issue 1, Dec, 2010.
[3] Green Computing-Embrace a Secure Future International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) Volume 10-N.4, November 2010.
[4] Dr. Pardeep Mittal, Navdeep Kaur,‖ Green Computing – Need and Implementation‖, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013 K, ISSN: 2278 – 1323.
[5] Navdeep Kaur, Pardeep Mittal, ―Effective Implementation of Green Computing‖, Volume 2– Issue 4, 465 - 473, 2013.

Implementation Of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) In Transmission Line Model Using Arduino

Abstract: A grid of transmission lines operating at high or extra high voltages is required to transmit power from generating stations to load. In addition to transmission lines that carry power from source to load, modern power systems are highly interconnected for economic reasons. The large interconnected transmission networks are prone to faults due to the lightning discharges and reduce insulation strength. Changing of loads and atmosphere conditions are unpredictable factors. This may cause overloading of lines due to which voltage collapse takes place. These problems can be eased by providing sufficient margin of working parameters and power transfer, but it is not possible due to expansion of transmission network. Still the required margin is reduced by introduction of fast dynamic control over reactive and active power by high power electronic controllers. This paper describes about implementation of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in transmission line model in order to enhance power flow at the receiving end. The triggering pulses to the thyristor are given using Arduino.

Key words: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor, Arduino, Compensation

Reference
[1] IEEE. FACTS overview. Power Engr. Soc. Summer Meeting, 95 TP 108, 1995.
[2] S.G. Jalali, R.H. Lasseter, 1.Dobson. Dynamic response of a thyristor controlled switched capacitor. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting Paper no. 94 WM 065-3-PWRD, 1994.
[3] J. Urbanek, R.J. Piwko, E.V. Larsen, B.L. Damsky, B.C. Furumasu, W. Mittelstadt, J.D. Eden. Thrystor controlled series capacitor- Prototype installation at the Slatt 500 kV Substation. IEEE %ns. Power Delivery, 19(2):992-1000, April 1994
[4] N. Noroozian, M.Ghandari, "Improving Power System Dynamics By Series Connected FACTS Devices", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 12, N° 4, pp. 1635- 1641, Oct. 1997.
[5] R.M. Mathur and R.K. Varma, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and Wiley Interscience, New York, USA, Feb. 2002.

A Comparative Study on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete Containing Different Admixtures as Partial Replacement of Cement

Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used material in the world today. This paper is about the comparative study of the flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete when different admixtures are used as partial replacement of cement in the concrete mix. The mineral admixtures that are used here are Silica Fume, Rice Husk Ash and Iron slag as partial replacement of cement. All these materials are industrial waste products and are abundantly available nowadays. These materials have high silica content and pozzolanic properties and can be effectively used as a replacement of cement during the formation of High Performance Concrete. Compressive and Flexural strength are the two most important characteristic of concrete and are calculated for the hardened concrete to analyze the load bearing capacity for design purposes. Thus for the effective judgment of type of mineral admixtures to be used a comparative study is very useful.

Key words: Compressive strength, flexural strength, High Performance Concrete, Iron slag, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Silica fume

Reference
[1] IS :456-2000
[2] IS:516-1959
[3] IS:10262-2009
[4] G.A Rama Rao,R.K Sastry and P.K Rohatgi Bull ,"Nature and reactivity of silica available in rice husk and its ashes" Mater. Sci.vol 12, no.5, dec 1989, pp. 469-479
[5] S. Bhanja*, B. Sengupta, "Influence of silica fume on the tensile strength of concrete", Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005) 743–747

Geochronos File Sharing Application Using Cloud

Abstract: Accessing, running and sharing applications and data at present face many challenges. Cloud Computing and Social Networking technologies have the potential to simplify or eliminate many of these challenges. Social Networking technologies provide a means for easily sharing applications and data. Now a day's people want to be connected 24x7 to the world around them. Networking and Communication have come together to make the world a small place to live in. People want to be in constant touch with their subordinates where ever they are and avail emergency services whenever needed. In this paper we present an on-line/on-demand interactive application service (Software as a Service). The service is built on a cloud computing basement that provisions virtualized application servers based on user demand. An open source social networking platform is leveraged to establish a portal front-end that enables applications and results to be easily shared between users. In the proposed system users can access the documents uploaded into the cloud by others and provide any data they have in hand to other users through the same cloud. This also allows the users to have an interactive session through the chat screens present in the cloud. The paper also highlights some major security issues existing in current cloud computing environment.

Key words: Cloud Computing, Social Networking, Virtualized application, Interactive session.

Reference
[1] Academia.edu Website.http://www.academi a.edu/. Accessed July, 2009.
[2] Amazon. Elastic compute cloud website.http://aws.amazon.com/ec2. Accessed July, 2009.
[3] P. Barham, B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho,R. Neugebauer, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield. Xen and the art of virtualization. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 164–177, 2003.
[4] CANARIE Network Enabled Platforms (NEP) Program. http://www.canarie.ca/ funding/nep/funded projects.html. Accessed July, 2009.
[5] A. Charbonneau and V. Terskikh. Spectrogrid: Providing simple secure remote access to scientific instruments. In HPCS, pages 76–82. IEEE Computer Society, 2008.

Real-Time System of Hand Detection And Gesture Recognition In Cyber Presence Interactive System For E-Learning

Abstract: The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be informed of learners with difficulties to participate during learning session.

Key words: hand detection, hand recognition, segmentation, skin color

Reference
[1] Kim K, Chalidabhongse T, David H, Davis L. "Real-time foreground–background segmentation "using codebook model." Real-Time Imaging 2005;11:172–85.
[2] QU Zhonga, ZHANG Qingqingam, GAO Tengfeia "Moving Object Tracking Based on Codebook and Particle Filter" 2012 International Workshop on Information and Electronics Engineering (IWIEE).
[3] Shao Quan, Tang Zhixing, Han Songchen "Hierarchical CodeBook for background subtraction in MRF" Infrared Physics & Technology 61 (2013) 259–264.
[4] Xin Shu , Xiao-Jun Wu "A novel contour descriptor for 2D shape matching and its application to image retrieval" Image and Vision Computing 29 (2011) 286–294
[5] Victor Adrian Prisacariu, Ian Reid :"3D hand tracking for human computer interaction", Image and Vision Computing 30 (2012) 236–250.

Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Residential Building

Abstract: Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high-rise buildings. Shear walls have very high in plane stiffness and strength, which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads, making them quite advantageous in many structural engineering applications. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyze the shear wall. However, the decision about the location of shear wall in multi-storey building is not much discussed in any literatures. In this paper, therefore, main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building. A RCC building of six storey placed in HYDERABAD subjected to earthquake loading in zone-II is considered. An earthquake load is calculated by seismic coefficient method using IS 1893 (PART–I):2002. These analyses were performed using ETABS.

Key words: Multi-storey, RC structure, seismic analysis, RC shear wall, ETABS.

Reference
[1] Solution of shear wall in multi-storey building", Anshuman, Dipendu Bhunia, Bhavin Ramjiyani, International journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 2, no.2, 2011.
[2] "Review on Shear wall for soft storey high rise building, Misam Abidi and Mangulkar Madhuri N. ,International Journal of Civil and Advance Technology, ISSN 2249-8958,Volume-1,Issue-6, August 2012
[3] "Effect of change in shear wall location on storey drift of multi-storey residential building subjected to lateral load", Ashish S. Agrawal and S. D. Charkha, International journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume 2, Issue 3,may-june 2012, pp.1786-1793.
[4] "Configuration of multi-storey building subjected to lateral forces", M Ashraf, Z. A. Siddiqui, M. A. Javed, Asian journal of civil engineering ,vol. 9,no.5, pp. 525-535, 2008.
[5] IS 1893(part 1) : 2002, " Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, part 1, general provisions and buildings ", Fifth revision, Bureau of Indian Standerds, Manak Bhavan, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.

A Novel Hybrid Dstatcom Topology for Load Compensation with Non-Stiff Source

Abstract: The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt active filter, which injects currents into the point of common coupling (PCC) (the common point where load, source, and DSTATCOM are connected) such that the harmonic filtering, power factor correction, and load balancing can be achieved. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is used for load compensation in power distribution network. A new topology for DSTATCOM applications with non-stiff source is proposed. The proposed topology enables DSTATCOM to have a reduced dc-link voltage without compromising the compensation capability. It uses a series capacitor along with the interfacing inductor and a shunt filter capacitor. With the reduction in dc-link voltage, the average switching frequency of the insulated gate bipolar transistor switches of the D-STATCOM is also reduced. Consequently, the switching losses in the inverter are reduced. Detailed design aspects of the series and shunt capacitors are discussed in this paper. A simulation study of the proposed topology has been carried out using MATLAB environment and the results analyzed.

Key words: Dc link voltage, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), hybrid topology, nonstiff source.

Reference
[1] H. Fujita and H. Akagi, "The unified power quality conditioner: The integration of series and shunt-active filters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 315–322, Mar. 1998.
[2] S. V. R. Kumar and S. S. Nagaraju, "Simulation of DSTATCOM and DVR in Power Systems," ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 7–13, 2007.
[3] Y. Ye, M. Kazerani, and V. Quintana, "Modeling, control and implementation of three-phase PWM converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 857–864, May 2003.
[4] G. S. Perantzakis, F. H. Xepapas, and S. N. Manias, "A novel four-level voltage source inverter—Influence of switching strategies on the distribution of power losses," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 149–159, Jan. 2007.
[5] M. Routimo, M. Salo, and H. Tuusa, "Comparison of voltage-source and current-source shunt active power filters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 636–643, Mar. 2007.

Design and Implementation of Submicron Level 10T Full Adder in ALU Using Cell Based and SOC Technology

Abstract: As technology scales into the nanometer regime leakage current, active power, delay and area are becoming important metric for the analysis and design of complex circuits. The main concern in mobile and battery based systems are leakage current and power dissipation. A transistor resizing approach for 10 transistor single bit full adder cells is used to determine optimal sleep transistor size which reduces power dissipation and leakage current. A submicron level 10-transistor single bit full adder cell is considered to achieve low leakage current, reduced power dissipation and high speed. In this paper initially 10T full adder cell is designed with submicron technique and later this is employed to design an ALU adder unit. The modified ALU is simulated and synthesized successfully on cadence 180nm technology.

Key words: Low leakage, cmos, 10T full adder, sleep transistors, carry lookahead adder, SoC(system on chip).

Reference
[1] Shipra Mishra, ShyamAkashe ―Leakage Minimization of 10T Full Adder Using Deep Sub- Micron Technique'' 2012 Third International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies.
[2] Madhuri.Sada1,A.Srinivasulu2,C.Md.Aslam3 ―1 Bit Full Adder Cell for Reducing Low Leakage Current in Nanometer Technology‖ International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 2, Issue 4 (July2012), PP. 11-18.
[3] Massimo Alioto and Gaetano Palumbo ―Analysis and Comparison on Full Adder Block in Submicron Technology‖ IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 10, no. 6, December 2002 pp 806-823.
[4] A. Shams and M. Bayoumi, ―A novel high-performance CMOS 1-Bit full-adder cell‖ IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.—Part II, vol. 47, pp 478–481, May 2000.
[5] H. Mahmoud and M. Bayoumi, ―A 10-transistor low-power high-speed full adder cell" in Proc. ISCAS99, Orlando, FL, June 1999, pp. 43–46

Design and Analysis of A Suspension Coil Spring For Automotive Vehicle

Abstract: The suspension system is used to observe the vibrations from shock loads due to irregularities of the road surface. It is perform its function without impairing the stability, steering (or) general handling of the vehicle. Generally for light vehicles, coil springs are used as suspension system. A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy and it can be twist, pulled (or) stretched by some force and can return to their original shape when the force is released. The present work attempts to analyze the safe load of the light vehicle suspension spring with different materials. This investigation includes comparison of modeling and analyses of primary suspension spring made of low carbon-structural steel and chrome vanadium steel and suggested the suitability for optimum design. The results show the reduction in overall stress and deflection of spring for chosen materials.

Key words: coil springs, primary suspension system, modeling, static analysis, ANASYS 12.0, PRO-E

Reference
[1.] K Pavan Kumar, S Praveen Kumar and G Guru Mahesh."static analysis of a primary suspension spring used in locomotive‟ IJMERR, Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013
[2.] Priyanka Ghate, Dr. Shankapal S. R., Monish Gowda M. H. "Failure Investigation of A Freight Locomotive Suspension Spring and Redesign of the Spring for Durability and Ride Index",
[3.] Mehdi Bakhshesh and Majid Bakhshesh "Optimization of Steel Helical Spring by Composite Spring" (2012)
[4.] N.K. Mukhopadhyay,B. Ravi kumar, D.K. Bhattacharya "Failure analysis of passenger car coil spring"(2006)
[5.] P.S.Valsange Design of Helical Coil Compression Spring, IJERA, Vol. 2, 6, November-December 2012

Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation

Abstract: This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality under different operating conditions and load excursions

Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) system, SRG based wind Turbine, Fuel cell, Grid

Reference
[1] Yann Riffonneau, Seddik bacha, Franck barruel and Stephanie Plane, "optimal power flow management for Grid connected PV system "IEEE Transactions on sustainable energy, vor, no.3, PP.309-320, july 2011.
[2] Rajesh Kumar, R.A.Gupta and Ajay Kumar Bansal,"Economic analysis and a Power Management of a stand-alone wind/Photovoltaic hybrid energy system using biogeography based optimization algorithm", smarm and evolutionary computation, Elsevier,PP33-43,2013
[3] Mohamed A. H. El-Sayed , Adel M. Sharaf, Senior Member IEEE "Hybrid Wind-Fuel Cell Renewable Energy Utilization Scheme for Village Electricity". Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON'10), Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010, Paper ID 132.
[4] Y. H. Li, S. Rajakaruna, Member, IEEE, and S. S. Choi, Member, IEEE "Control of a Solid Oxide 0885- 8969. Fuel Cell Power Plant in a Grid-Connected System" 2005 IEEE
[5] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli and E. R. Filho, "Compre- hensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of PV Ar- rays," IEEE Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1198-1208. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2009.2013862

Medical Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

Abstract: Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and reduce randomness and redundancy in order to increase the clinical applicability of medical images for diagnosis and assessment of medical problems. Multimodal medical image fusion algorithms and devices have shown notable achievements in improving clinical accuracy of decisions based on medical images. The domain where image fusion is readily used nowadays is in medical diagnostics to fuse medical images such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and MRA. This paper aims to present a new algorithm to improve the quality of multimodality medical image fusion using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach. Discrete Wavelet transform has been implemented using different fusion techniques including pixel averaging, maximum minimum and minimum maximum methods for medical image fusion. Performance of fusion is calculated on the basis of PSNR, MSE and the total processing time and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of fusion scheme based on wavelet transform.

Key words: Image Fusion, Multimodal medical image fusion, fusion rules, PSNR, MSE.

Reference
[1] H. H. Wang, "A new multiwavelet-based approach to image fusion",Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, vol.21, pp.177-192,Sep 2004.
[2] V. Petrovic and C. Xydeas, "Evaluation of image fusion performance with visible differences", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.3023, 2004.
[3] G. Pajares, J. M. l de la Cruz, "A wavelet-based image fusion tutorial",Pattern Recognition, vol.37, pp.1855– 1872, 2004.
[4] C.Y.Wen, J.K.Chen, "Multi-resolution image fusion technique and its application to forensic science", Forensic Science International, vol 140, pp-217-232, 2004.
[5] H.C.Xie, G.Li.H.Ning, C. Menard, C.N. Coleman, and R. W.Miller. "3D voxel fusion of multi- modality medical images in a clinical treatment planning system", Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based medical Syste (CBMS'04) Jun.2004-Jun,2004,IEEE Computer Society, 2004.

Solar Power Potential In Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The expansion of power generation in Saudi Arabia is essential in order to meet the expected growth of its electricity demand. Due to the availability of high solar irradiation, vast rainless area and longtime sun light, Saudi Arabia is one of the most suitable countries to utilize solar energy resources in greater extend. Kingdom has planned to increase the production of solar power in order to meet a considerable share of country's future energy demand. Numerous installation and research works are going on nowadays in the kingdom in order to attain its targets of solar power capacity in the coming years. Hence latest updates of country's solar industry are essential for further research and R&D works in this field. Saudi Arabia's current status and future possibility of solar industry are discussed in this paper.

Key words: Concentrated solar power Renewable energy, solar power, photovoltaic, CSP, solar carport

Reference
[1] F. R. Pazheri, M. F. Othman, and N. H. Malik, A review on global renewable electricity scenario, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 2014, 835-845.
[2] Solar GIS. SolarGIS data validation for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, http://geomodel solar.eu/_docs/various/SolarGIS_validation_SaudiArabia_2013-02.pdf.
[3] F. R. Pazheri and N. H. Malik, et al., Use of renewable energy sources in Saudi Arabia through smart grid," Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 6(7), 2012, 1065-1070.
[4] M. Mohandes, S. Rehman, and T. O. Halawani, Estimation of global solar radiation using artificial neural networks, Renewable Energy, 1(4), 1998, 179-184.
[5] KA-CARE, Saudi Arabia's renewable energy strategy and solar energy deployment roadmap, https://www.irena.org /DocumentDownloads/masdar/Abdulrahman%20Al%20Ghabban%20Presentation.pdf, 2013].

Road Traffic Noise Level Assessment at an Institutional Area

Abstract: Unplanned and rapid urbanization, industrialization, increasing number of vehicles, poor traffic management, poor road condition etc. are the major causes of higher noise levels in most of the Indian cities. Prolonged exposure to higher noise levels can lead to irreversible Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Noise-induced hearing loss is contributing one-third to the total persons suffering from hearing loss in every country in the world. The present study aims at measuring the noise levels in the university campus to analyze the current situation and suggesting noise control measures to be adopted in University campus and along MMA Jauhar Marg. The numbers of vehicles were counted during November 17-21, 2012 and noise levels were measured at various pre decided locations. The traffic load in horizon years 2013, 2017, 2022, 2027 and 2032 on the MMA Jauhar Marg Road is predicted on the basis of observed traffic data and expected annual growth rate as 8.0% for pre Metro and 3.5% for post Metro. The noise levels were measured using Larson Davis Model 831 Class 1 Sound Level Meter on both sides of road at foot paths along MMA Jauhar Marg and at various receptor locations inside the different buildings in the university campus. Model RLS-90 is used for prediction of noise levels. The prediction of metro noise is carried out using statistical calculations. The combined noise levels were compared with standard criteria for silent zone and found on higher side. Installation of environment noise barrier is suggested as one of the noise control measure to be adopted along MMA Jauhar Marg and along metro viaduct to save students and staff from exposure of higher noise levels.

Key words: Noise Pollution, Road Traffic Noise, Institutional Area, Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), Noise Barriers.

Reference
[1] Vinita Pathak, B.D. Tripathi, Virendra kumar Mishra, Evaluation of traffic noise pollution and attitudes of exposed individuals in working place, Atmospheric Environment, 42(16), 2008, 3892-3898.
[2] S.A Ali, A Tamura, Road traffic noise mitigation strategies in Greater Cairo, Egypt, Applied Acoustics, 63(11), 2002, 1257-1265.
[3] Bengang Li, Shu Tao, R.W. Dawson, Evaluation and analysis of traffic noise from the main urban roads in Beijing, Applied Acoustics, 63(10), 2002, 1137-1142.
[4] B. Bodsworth, A. Lawrence, The contribution of heavy vehicles to urban traffic noise Applied Acoustics, 11(1), 1978, 57-65.
[5] Nasim Akhtar, Kafeel Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay (2012), Road Traffic Noise Mapping and a case study for Delhi Region, International Journal of Applied Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2 (04), pp. 39 – 45.

Effect of Bond Layer on Tri-Layered Assembly Subjected To Differential Uniform Temperature Change

Abstract: In the present analytical and numerical study, the thermal mismatching stress induced under differential temperature conditions of tri-layered assembly with bond is investigated. The thermal mismatching stresses are one of the reasons for structural failures between two or more connected devices. Therefore it is very essential to understand variation of these stresses and estimation in the interfaces play an important role in design and reliability studies of microelectronic assemblies. In this paper, a physical model is proposed for the interfacial shearing and peeling stresses occurring at the interfaces of tri-layered dissimilar materials with the effect of bonding subjected to differential uniform temperature in the layer. It observed from both analytical and numerical study that the shearing stress reduced in the range of 60% to 70% at interface (1-2) and 35% to 40% at (2-3) interface. Peeling stress are continuously reduced in the range of 10% - 20% at (1-2) interface and 13% - 35% at (2-3) interface due to the influence of bond layer. Thus, it indicates that, the bond layer consideration may influence significantly on interfacial stress. It is found that the both interfacial shearing stresses and peeling stresses decreased considerably at the interface with the increase of bond layer thickness.

Key words: Tri-layered model, Shearing stress, Peeling stress, Different uniform temperature model, Electronic package

Reference
[1] Timoshenko, Analysis of Bi-metal Thermostats, J. opt . Soc. Am. 11, 1925, 233-255.
[2] M Vujosevic, Thermally Induced Deformations in Die-substrate Assembly, Theor. Appl. Mech., 35(1-3), 2008, 305-322.
[3] W T Chen and C W Nelson, Thermal Stresses in Bonded Joints, IBM Journal, Research and Development, vol.23, No.2, 1979.
[4] F V Chang, Thermal Contact Stresses of Bi-Metal Strip Thermostat, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, vol.4, No.3, Tsing-hua Univ., Beijing, China, 1983.
[5] E. Suhir, Stresses in Bi-Metal Thermostats, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 53, No. 3, Sept. 1986.

Design & Implementation of Zero Voltage Switching Buck Converter

Abstract: Zero voltage switching (ZVS) buck converter is more preferable over hard switched buck converter for low power, high frequency DC-DC conversion applications. In Zero voltage switching converter, turn on & turn off of a switch occurs at zero voltage that results in lower switching losses. In this converter soft switching is achieved by using resonant components. The optimal values of resonant components are determined by using electric functions derived from circuit configuration. This type of soft switched resonant converter offers very low electromagnetic interference (EMI).This study presents the circuit configuration with least components to realize highly efficient zero voltage switching resonant converter. It's feasibility is confirmed with the developed proto type model and experimental results are verified.

Index Terms: Resonant converter, Soft-Switching, Zero-Voltage- Switching (ZVS).

Reference
[1] K. H. Liu and F. C. Lee, ―Zero-voltage switching technique in DC/DC converters,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293–304,1990.
[2] W. A. Tabisz and F. C., ―Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant technique—A novel approach to improve performance of high frequency quasi-resonant converters,‖ in Proc. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1988, vol. 1, no. 11–14, pp. 9–17.
[3] Muhammad H.Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices, and Applications, 3rd ed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 2004.
[4] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2003.
[5] Y. C. Chuang and Yu-Lung Ke, ―A Novel High-Efficiency Battery Charger With a Buck Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Converter," IEEE Trans. on energy conversion, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2007.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Rotation Invariant Matching of Partial Shoeprints Rotation Invariant Matching of Partial Shoeprints Abstract: In this paper, we propose a solution for the problem of rotated partial shoeprints retrieval based on the combined use of local points of interest and SIFT descriptor. Once the generated features are encoded using SIFT descriptor, matching is carried out using RANSAC to estimate a transformation model and establish the number of its inliers which is then multiplied by the sum of point-to-point Euclidean distances below a hard threshold. We demonstrate that such combination can overcome the issue of retrieval of partial prints in the presence of rotation and noise distortions. Conducted experiments have shown that the proposed solution achieves very good matching results and outperforms similar work in the literature both in terms of performances and complexity. Reference [1] W.J. Bodziak, "Footwear Impression Evidence – Detection, Recovery and Examination", CRC Press LLC , 2000. [2] T. Thompson and S. Black, "Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction", CRC Press, 2007. [3] Foster and Freeman Ltd, 2009, http://www.fosterfreeman.co.uk, last time visited 15 April 2009. [4] P. D. Chazal, J. Flynn, and R.B. Reilly, "Automated processing of shoeprint images based on the Fourier transform for use in forensic science," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis. Machine Intelligence. vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 341-350, March. 2005. [5] M. Gueham, A. Bouridane and D. Crookes, " Automatic Recognition of Partial Shoeprints Using a Correlation Filter Classifier", in Proc. of the 2008 Machine Vision an d Image Processing International Conference, IMVIP '08, pp: 37-42. Khan Mahmood Ahmed, M B Ansari	01-05
2.	Reduction of Outage Probability in Fast Rayleigh Fading MIMO Channels Using OFDM Reduction of Outage Probability in Fast Rayleigh Fading MIMO Channels Using OFDM Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are used in wireless communications for achieving high spectral efficiency; however, a fast fading spatial channel can increase the outage probability of a MIMO system if not taken care of. This paper investigates the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique for a MIMO system operating in fast Rayleigh fading channels with the aim of eliminating outage probabilities in the MIMO systems. Simulation results show that the MIMO-OFDM system gives significant reduction in outage probabilities compared to the conventional MIMO system. Key words: Fast fading, outage probability, MIMO, OFDM, SNR, transmission rate, channel capacity Reference [1] G.J. Foschini and M.J. Gans, On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas, Wireless Personal Communications, 6, 1998, 311-335. [2] I.E. Telatar, Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian Channels, Europ. Trans. Telecomm., 10, 1999, 585-595. [3] W. Mattias, On MIMO systems and Adaptive Arrays for Wireless Communications, Analysis and Practical Aspects, Ph.D. thesis, Signals and Systems, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2002. [4] C. Mehlfuhrer, S. Caban and M. Rupp, Experimental evaluation of adaptive modulation and coding in MIMO WiMAX with limited feedback, EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2008, [5] T. Weber, A. Sklavos and M. Meurer, Imperfect Channel–State Information in MIMO Transmission, IEEE transactions on communication, 54(3), 2006, 543-552. Robert O. Abolade, Olumide O. Ajayi	06-12
3.	Communication Performance Over A Gigabit Ethernet Network Communication Performance Over A Gigabit Ethernet Network Abstract: A present computing imposes heavy demands on the optical communication network. Gigabit Ethernet technology can provide the required bandwidth to meet these demands. However, it has also involve the communication Impediment to progress from network media to TCP(Transfer control protocol) processing. In this paper, present an overview of Gigabit per second Ethernet technology and study the end-to-end Gigabit Ethernet communication bandwidth and retrieval time. Performance graphs are collected using NetPipe in this clearly show the performance characteristics of TCP/IP over Gigabit Ethernet. These indicate the impact of a number of factors such as processor speeds, network adaptors, versions of the Linux Kernel or opnet softwar and device drivers, and TCP/IP(Internet protocol) tuning on the performance of Gigabit Ethernet between two Pentium II/350 PCs. Among the important conclusions are the marked superiority of the 2.1.121 and later development kernels and 2.2.x production kernels of Linux or opnet softwar used and that the ability to increase the MTU(maximum transmission unit) Further than the Ethernet standard of 1500 could significantly enhance the throughput reachable. Reference [1] Q.O. Snell, A.R. Mikler, and J.L Gustafson"Net-PIPE: Network Protocol IndependentPerformanceEvaluator", Ames Laborator Scalable ComputingLab. [2] Gigabit Ethernet Alliance,"Gigabit EthernetOverview http:/www.gigabitethernet.org [3] M. Mathis, J.Mahdavi, S. Floyd, A. Romanow,"TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options. [4] Packet Engines,Gigabit Ethernet Networking with Full-Duplex Repeater Technology.http://www.packetengines.com/ [5] Gigabit Ethernet Alliance, "Gigabit Ethernet Over Copper", March, 2007. http://www.gigabit ethernet.org/ Mr.Nitish Meena	13-19
4.	MHD convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid over a stretched vertical flat plate in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Hall current effect using similarity solutions and HPM technique MHD convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid over a stretched vertical flat plate in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and Hall current effect using similarity solutions and HPM technique Abstract: The effect of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and hall current of the MHD convection flow of the viscous incompressible fluid over a stretched vertical flat plate has been discussed by using regular perturbation and homotophy perturbation technique with similarity solutions. The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, cross flow velocity and temperature of fluid has been obtained numerically and through graphs. Key words: Thermal Radiation; Viscous Dissipation; Hall Current effect; MHD flow; Homotophy Perturbation Technique; Stretched flat plate Reference [1.] Sakiadis BC. Boundary layer behavior on continuous solid surfaces. AlChe J 1961; 7:26–8. [2.] Banks WHH, Zaturska MB. Eigen solutions in boundary-layer flow adjacent to a stretching wall. IMA J Appl Math 1986; 36:263–73. [3.] Sparrow EM, Abraham JP. Universal solutions for the stream wise variation of the temperature of a moving sheet in the presence of a moving fluid. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2005; 48:3047–56. [4.] Abraham JP, Sparrow EM. Friction drags resulting from the simultaneous imposed motions of a free stream and its bounding surface. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 2005; 26:289–95. [5.] He J.H. (2005): "Applications of Homotophy Perturbation Method to Nonlinear wave equations".Chaos Solutions Fractals 26, pp. 295-300. Vivek Kumar Sharma, Divya Saxena	20-27
5.	Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication System Energy Efficiency of MIMO-OFDM Communication System Abstract: With the ever increasing number of subscribers and their seemingly "greedy" demands for high-data-rate services, the next generation networks will have to provide global connectivity to ensure success. So the combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the data rates of next-generation wireless communication systems operating in frequency-selective fading environments. Therefore hybrid architecture between terrestrial and satellite networks based on MIMO-OFDM with frequency reuse is employed here. However, this frequency reuse introduces severe co-channel interference (CCI) at the satellite end. To mitigate CCI, we propose an OFDM based adaptive beamformer implemented on-board the satellite with pilot reallocation at the transmitter side. The system performance is simulated by using the software MATLAB, the experimental result shows that the MIMO-OFDM communication system has better performance when compared. Key words: Adaptive beamforming, Co-channel interference (CCI) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Reference [1] Farman Ullah, Nadia N Qadri, Muhammad Asif Zakriyya, Aamir Khan , "Hybrid Communication System based on OFDM,"I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, Nov 2013,vol.12, pp 31-38. [2] Ammar H. Khan, Muhammad A. Imran and Barry G. Evans, "OFDM based Adaptive Beamforming for Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Mobile System with Pilot Reallocation," International workshop on satellite and space communications IEEE, pp 201-205 [3] Litwin, L. and Pugel, M, "The Principles of OFDM," RF signal processing Magazine Jan 2001 pp 30-48, www.rfdesign.com Accessed [ 21 April 2010] [4] Shaoping Chen and Cuitao Zhu, "ICI and ISI Analysis and Mitigation for OFDM Systems with Insufficient Cyclic Prefix in Time-Varying Channels," IEEE Transaction on Consumer Elecronics, vol. 50, No. 1, Feb 2004 [5] C. K. Kim, K. Lee and Y.S. Cho, "Adaptive beamforming algorithm for OFDM systems with antenna arrays," vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1052-1058, Nov. 2000. K.Swathi, S Mallikarjun Rao	28-34
6.	Towards Improving Crash Data Management System in Gulf Countries Towards Improving Crash Data Management System in Gulf Countries Abstract: Scientific and analytical approaches to accident data collection, storage and analysis are essential in dealing with road safety problems. Police accident records in the majority of countries form the main (and sometimes the only) source of accident data. Access to the accident database is also important to identifying specific safety problems and evaluating the effectiveness of the countermeasure introduced. Accident data collection and analysis offered by technological innovation such as Electronic Data Entry (EDE), Electronic Data transfer (EDT), and Geographic Information system (GIS) are implemented in developed countries. Developing countries, including the Gulf countries, should take advantage of the experience of developed countries on how the advance accident data management system works to identifying, more accurately, the main factors contributing to traffic accident. The main purpose of this research is to provide information on accident statistics process in Virginia state, starting from the time of accident occurring until it is stored in the database, with the aim of using it towards improving the process of collecting and maintaining accident data system in Gulf countries. The task is performed by reviewing the relevant international literature and interviewing police officers in charge and academic researchers in order to compare the accident data management system and also the quality of the data. Recommendations towards developing the crash data management system will be obtained based on the research results and international experience. Key words: Accident database, Gulf countries, Accident Record System Reference [1.] H.M.N. Al-Madani (2013). "Fatal crashes in GCC countries: comparative analysis with EU countries for three decades". Safety and security engineering.,134, 471-482 [2.] Monsere, C. M., Wilson E. E. and Springberg, A. (2005). "Enhancing the Oregon Crash Reporting Process: A Feasibility Study". District 6 Annual Meeting, Kalispell, Montana, July 10-13, 2005 [3.] Griffith, Michael S. (2003). "Data is key to understanding and improving road safety". Public Roads, US Department of Transportation, Vol. 66 (4). Retrieved April 21st, 2005 from http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/03jan/09.htm [4.] Pettit, Frances Anne (2002). "A Comparison of World-Wide Web and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires". Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34 (1), 50-54. [5.] Liang, L.Y., Mo‟soem, D.M., Hua, L.T. (2005).Traffic accident application using geographic information system. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6,pp. 3574–3589. Dr. Jamal Almatawah	35-40
7.	Power Quality Improvement at Distribution Level for Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sources Power Quality Improvement at Distribution Level for Grid Connected Renewable Energy Sources Abstract: The non-linear load current harmonics may result in voltage harmonics and can create a serious PQ problem in the power system network. Active power filters (APF) are extensively used to compensate the load current harmonics and load unbalance at distribution level. This results in an additional hardware cost. However, in this project it has incorporated the features of APF in the conventional inverter interfacing renewable with the grid, without any additional hardware cost. Here, the main idea is the maximum utilization of inverter rating which is most of the time underutilized due to intermittent nature of RES. The grid-interfacing inverter can effectively be utilized to perform the four important functions they are to transfer active power harvested from the renewable resources (wind, solar, etc.), load reactive power demand support, current harmonics compensation at PCC and current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. Moreover, with adequate control of grid-interfacing inverter, all the four objectives can be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. The PQ constraints at the PCC can therefore be strictly maintained within the utility standards without additional hardware cost. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies Index Terms: Active power filter (APF), distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), renewable energy. Reference [1] J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and J. Miret, "A wireless controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed generation systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1205–1213, Sep. 2004. [2] J. H. R. Enslin and P. J. M. Heskes, "Harmonic interaction between a large number of distributed power inverters and the distribution network," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1586–1593, Nov. 2004. [3] U. Borup, F. Blaabjerg, and P. N. Enjeti, "Sharing of nonlinear load in parallel-connected three-phase converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1817–1823, Nov./Dec. 2001. [4] P. Jintakosonwit, H. Fujita, H. Akagi, and S. Ogasawara, "Implementation and performance of cooperative control of shunt active filters for harmonic damping throughout a power distribution system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 556–564, Mar./Apr. 2003. [5] J. P. Pinto, R. Pregitzer, L. F. C. Monteiro, and J. L. Afonso, "3-phase 4-wire shunt active power filter with renewable energy interface," presented at the Conf. IEEE Rnewable Energy & Power Quality, Seville, Spain, 2007. S. Syed Ahmed, N. Sreekanth, K. Siva Kumar	41-45
8.	Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distribution System Design and Simulation of a Three Phase Power Converter Connected To a Distribution System Abstract: The distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, fuel cells, and storage systems such as ultra capacitors and batteries) are of great interest due to their low environmental impact and technical advantages such as improvements in voltage levels and reduced power losses when a distributed generation system is installed in radial lines. Two control algorithms were proposed to improve the grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations methods, in which the distributed generation system must detect the situation and switch from power or current to voltage as a control variable to provide constant rms voltage to the local loads. The power flow between the grid and the distributed generation is controlled by applying a power/voltage method that regulates the amplitude and the displacement of the grid voltage synthesized by the distributed generation, while a phase-locked loop algorithm is used to synchronize the grid and distributed generation. Index Terms: Distributed generation (DG), islanding modes, power converters. Reference [1] M. G. Simões and F. A. Farret, Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. [2] A. Keyhani,M. N.Marwali, andM. Dai, Integration of Green and Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. [3] S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, G. A. Taylor, and Y. H. Song, ―Mathematical modelling and performance evaluation of a stand-alone polycrystalline PV plant with MPPT facility,‖ in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting—Conversion Delivery Electrical Energy 21st Century, 2008, pp. 1–7. [4] Y. Wen-Chih and H. Wei-Tzer, ―A load transfer scheme of radial distribution feeders considering distributed generation,‖ Proc. CIS, pp. 243–248, 2010. [5] D. D. Marquezini, D. B. Ramos, R. Q. Machado, and F. A. Farret, ―Interaction between proton exchange membrane fuel cells and power converters for AC integration,‖ IET Renewable Power Gener., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 151–161, Sep. 2008. M. Kotaiah, T. Raja Kullayappa, K. Siva Kumar	46-50
9.	Non-Linear Static Analysis of G+6 Storeyed RC Buildings with Openings in Infill Walls Non-Linear Static Analysis of G+6 Storeyed RC Buildings with Openings in Infill Walls Abstract: Masonry infill walls are commonly used in the RC frame structure buildings. Openings are inevitable part of the infill walls. Openings in infill walls significantly decrease the lateral strength and stiffness of RC frames. In the present study two-dimensional seven storeyed reinforced concrete (RC) building models are considered with of (5%, 25%, and 35% openings Bare frame and soft storey buildings are modeled considering special moment resisting frame (SMRF) for medium soil profile and zone III. Concrete block infill walls are modeled as pin-jointed single equivalent diagonal strut. Pushover analysis is carried out for both default and user defined hinge properties as per FEMA 440 guidelines using SAP2000 software. Results of default and user defined hinge properties are studied by pushover analysis. The results of ductility ratio, safety ratio, global stiffness, and hinge status at performance point are compared with the models. Authors conclude that as the percentage of openings increases, vulnerability increases in the infill walls. The user-defined hinge model is better than the default-hinge model in reflecting nonlinear behavior. The misuse of default-hinge properties may lead to unreasonable displacement capacities for existing structures. However, if the default-hinge model is preferred due to simplicity, the user should be aware of what is provided in the program and should avoid the misuse of default-hinge properties. Key words: Openings, Default and User defined hinges, Pushover analysis, Performance levels, Ductility ratio, Safety ratio, Global stiffness Reference [1] C.V.R. Murthy (2002), "What are the Seismic Effects on Structures?" Earthquake tip 05, IITK –BMTPC. [2] B.G. Prashanta and S.S. Dyavanal (2007), "Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Multistoreyed Buildings with the Openings in U M Infill Walls", RDSE-2007, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal. 30-31st August. [3] G. Mondal and S.K. Jain, "Lateral Stiffness of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete (RC) Frames with Central Opening", Earthquake Spectra, Vol 24, No 3, pages 701-723, Indian Institute of Technology, India, 2008. [4] IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002. [5] S.K. Jain, and C.V.R. Murty, Proposed draft provision and commentary on Indian Seismic Code IS 1893 (Part 1), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Praveen Rathod, Dr. S. S. Dyavanal	51-58
10.	Experimental investigation of damping force of twin tube shock absorber Experimental investigation of damping force of twin tube shock absorber Abstract: A shock absorber is a mechanical device to damp shock impulse and convert kinetic energy into thermal energy. The damping effect of shock absorber depends on damping force and damping force is affected by various process parameters. In this analysis three process parameters damping diameter(A), number of holes(B) and suspension velocity(C) were considered and their effect on damping force of shock absorber was studied and accordingly suitable orthogonal array was selected by taguchi method. Experiment conducted on servo hydraulic testing machine and after conducting experiments damping force was measured and with the help of S/N ratio, ANOVA, Regression analysis optimum parameter values can be obtained and confirmation experiments was carried out. Twin tube shock absorber was used to carry out experimentation. Key words: Twin tube shock absorber, Taguchi method, damping force, process parameters Reference [1] Arokiasamy Mariajayaprakash, Thiyagarajan Senthilvelan and Krishnapillai Ponnambal Vivekananthan," Optimisation of shock absorber process parameters using failure mode and effect analysis and genetic algorithm", International Journal of Industrial Engineering 2013 [2] Hashmi Ayas Jameel Ahmed, Rathi M.G., "Analysis of damping force of two wheeler front suspension", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 6 (2013) 428-434. [3] J .C.Dixon, Shock Absorber Handbook, john wiley and sons. [4] Choon-Tae Leea, Byung-Young Moon, "Simulation and experimental validation of vehicle dynamic characteristics for displacement-sensitive shock absorber using fluid-flow modeling" Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 20 (2006) 373–388.(elements of shock absorber) [5] Yongijie Lu, Shaohua Li, Na Chen, " Research on damping Charecteristics of shock absorber for heavy vehicle", Reaserch journal of applied sciences, engineering and technology 5(3): 842-847, 2013.(Test rig) Sandip K. Kadu, Milind S. Mhaske	59-64
11.	Dynamic Analysis of Rotating Shaft Subjects to Slant Crack with Experimentation and ANSYS Validation Dynamic Analysis of Rotating Shaft Subjects to Slant Crack with Experimentation and ANSYS Validation Abstract: The paper contents the dynamic study of rotating shaft with slant crack on surface of shaft. Slant cracks are prepared artificially on surface of shaft with material EN8. In this study, crack location taken on shaft 150 mm from motor side and also for effective study healthy shaft of EN8 material is taken. Experimental results are taken with the help of FFT analyzer. Analysis is carried out from these results and finally these results are validated in FEA software i. e. ANSYS14 software. These validated results with graphs are explained in this paper. The experimentation is also done on healthy shaft of EN8 material for analysis. This paper mainly focused on validation of experimental results with ANSYS software. Key words: Crack depth, Crack location, Cracked shaft, FFT analyzer, Healthy shaft, Slant crack. Reference [1] Qinkai Han, Jingshan Zhao, Fulei Chu, "Dynamic analysis of a geared rotor system considering a slant crack on the shaft", (Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.331 (2012), pp. 5803–5823) [2] R. Ramezanpour, M. Ghayour, S. Ziaei-Rad, "Dynamic behavior of Jeffcott rotors with an arbitrary slant crack orientation on the shaft", (Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol.6 (2012), pp.35–52) [3] Yanli Lin, Fulei Chu, "The dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on the shaft", (Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol.24 (2010), pp.522–545) [4] A.S. Sekhar, "Multiple cracks effects and identification", (Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing vol.22 (2008) pp.845–878) [5] Ashish K. Darpe, "Coupled vibrations of a rotor with slant crack", (Journal of Sound and Vibration vol.305 (2007) pp.172–193) Rushikesh V. Dhokate, Prof. S. D. Katekar	65-69
12.	Design of High speed Low Power Reversible Vedic multiplier and Reversible Divider Design of High speed Low Power Reversible Vedic multiplier and Reversible Divider Abstract: This paper bring out a 32X32 bit reversible Vedic multiplier using "Urdhva Tiryakabhayam" sutra meaning vertical and crosswise, is designed using reversible logic gates, which is the first of its kind. Also in this paper we propose a new reversible unsigned division circuit. This circuit is designed using reversible components like reversible parallel adder, reversible left-shift register, reversible multiplexer, reversible n-bit register with parallel load line. The reversible vedic multiplier and reversible divider modules have been written in Verilog HDL and then synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE 9.2i. This reversible vedic multiplier results shows less delay and less power consumption by comparing with array multiplier. Key words: Reversible Logic Gates, Reversible Left-Shift Register, Reversible Multiplexer, Urdhva Tiryakabhayam, Vedic Multiplier Reference [1] Swami Bharati Krsna Tirtha, Vedic Mathematics. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass publishers 1965 [2] Rakshith Saligram and Rakshith T.R. "Design of Reversible Multipliers for linear filtering Applications in DSP" International Journal of VLSI Design and Communication systems, Dec-12 [3] R. Landauer,"Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computational Process", IBM Journal of Research and Development, 5, pp.183-191, 1961. [4] C.H. Bennett, "Logical reversibility of Computation", IBM J. Research and Development, pp.525-532, November 1973. [5] R. Feynman, "Quantum Mechanical Computers," Optics News,Vol.1l, pp. 11-20, 1985. Srikanth G, Nasam Sai Kumar	70-74
13.	Behaviour of M30 Grade concrete with confinement under axial compression Behaviour of M30 Grade concrete with confinement under axial compression Abstract: The strength and durability of concrete have undergone continuous improvement. Over the years and these improved materials are now commonly used. In the present experimental investigation the behaviour of M30 grade concrete with and without confinement for different percentages of replacement of silica fume is studied under axial compression as per IS mix design. The 150mm x 300mm cylindrical specimens were cast with and without confinement and investigating the mechanical properties like axial compressive strength and stress –strain behaviour. It was observed that the confinement of concrete has increased the 28days strength for different percentages of confinement and that the peak stress and corresponding strain at peak stress increased with increase in percentages of confinement Key words: Axial compression strength, confinement, cylinders, Silica fume, stress-strain behaviour, Reference [1]. C.RAJAMALLU,A.BALAJI Rao, Behaviour Of Self Compacting Concrete Under Axial Compression With And Without Confinement (ISSN: 2348-4748,Volume 1,ISSUE 3,March 2014) [2]. NRD Murthy, Ramaseshu D, Rao MVS. " Constitutive Behaviour Of Fly Ash Concrete With Steel Fibers In Ordinary Grade, IE(Institute Of Engineers) Journal"-Vol,88(2007) 41-46. [3]. Dr.M.V.Seshagiri Rao " Self Compacting High Performance Concrete",JNTUCE, Hyderabad. [4]. H.Y.Leung And C.J.Burgoyne Compressive Behaviour Of Concrete Confined By Aramid Fiber Spirals [5]. Metin Husem and selim pul investigation of stress-strain model for confined high strength concrete C.Vinil Babu, V.K.Visweswara Rao	75-80
14.	Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane over Pd/AC and Pd/CB catalysts for hydrogen production and carbon nanofibers formation Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane over Pd/AC and Pd/CB catalysts for hydrogen production and carbon nanofibers formation Abstract: Hydrogen production studies have been carried using Thermo Catalytic Decomposition (TCD) Unit. Thermo catalytic decomposition of methane is an attractive route for CO_x free production of hydrogen required in fuel cells. Although metal based catalysts produce hydrogen at low temperatures, carbon formed during methane decomposition reaction rapidly deactivates the catalyst. The present work compares the results of 10 wt% Pd supported on commercially available activated carbon and carbon black catalysts (samples coded as Pd10/AC and Pd10/CB respectively) for methane decomposition reaction. Hydrogen has been produced by thermo catalytic decomposition of methane at 1123K and Volume Hourly Space Velocity (VHSV) of 1.62 L/h g on the activity of both the catalysts has been studied. XRD of the above catalysts revealed, moderately crystalline peaks of Pd which may be responsible for the increase in catalytic life and formation of carbon fibers. Also during life studies (850°C and 54 sccm of methane) it has been observed that the activity of carbon black is sustainable for a longer time compared to that of activated carbon. Key words: Hydrogen, palladium chloride, activated carbon (AC), carbon black (CB), thermo catalytic decomposition. Reference [1] Altork, L.N. & Busby, J.R. (2010 Oct). Hydrogen fuel cells: part of the solution. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70(2), 22-27. [2] Steinberg, M., Fossil fuel decarbonization technology for mitigating global warming. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1999; 24: 771-7. [3] Muradov,NZ, Veziroglu, TN. From hydrocarbon to hydrogen-carbon to hydrogen economy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2005; 30: 225-37. [4] Choudhary, TV, Sivadinarayana, C, ChusueiCC, KlinghofferA, Goodman DW. Hydrogen production via catalytic decomposition of methane.Journal of Catalysis 2001; 199:9-18. [5] Ishihara T,Miyashita Y, Iseda H, TakitaY.Decomposition of methane over Ni/SiO2 catalysts with membrane reactor for the production of hydrogen.ChemLett 1995;24:93-4. K. Srilatha, D.Srinivasulu, S.U.B. Ramakrishna, V. Himabindu	81-86
15.	Design and Implementation of Quintuple Processor Architecture Using FPGA Design and Implementation of Quintuple Processor Architecture Using FPGA Abstract: The advanced quintuple processor core is a design philosophy that has become a mainstream in Scientific and engineering applications. Increasing performance and gate capacity of recent FPGA devices permit complex logic systems to be implemented on a single programmable device. The embedded multiprocessors face a new problem with thread synchronization. It is caused by the distributed memory, when thread synchronization is violated the processors can access the same value at the same time. Basically the processor performance can be increased by adopting clock scaling technique and micro architectural Enhancements. Therefore, Designed a new Architecture called Advanced Concurrent Computing. This is implemented on the FPGA chip using VHDL. The advanced Concurrent Computing architecture performs a simultaneous use of both parallel and distributed computing. The full architecture of quintuple processor core designed for realistic to perform arithmetic, logical, shifting and bit manipulation operations. The proposed advanced quintuple processor core contains Homogeneous RISC processors, added with pipelined processing units, multi bus organization and I/O ports along with the other functional elements required to implement embedded SOC solutions. The designed quintuple performance issues like area, speed and power dissipation and propagation delay are analyzed at 90nm process technology using Xilinx tool. Key words: FPGA, VHDL, RISC. Reference [1] Tai-Hua, Lu, Chung-Ho Chen, KuenJong Lee. "Effective Hybrid Test Program Development for Software-Based Self-Testing of Quad Cores" ,IEEE Manuscript received April 03, 2012, revised August 14, 2012, first published December 18, 2012. [2] Gohringer, D., Hubner, M.Perschke, T., Becker. J. "New Dimensions for Quad core Architectures Demand Heterogeneity", Infrastructure and Performance through reconfigurability The EMPSoC Approach".In Proc of FPL 2010, PP.495-498, Sept 2010. [3] Lysaght, P. Blodget, B. Mason, J.Young, B.Bridgford. "Invited Paper: Quad core design Methodologies and CAD Tools for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Xilinx FPGAs". In Proceedings of FPL 2009, August 2009. [4] D.Tullsen, S. Eggers, and H. Levy, "Simultaneous Multithreading: Maximizing On- Chip Parallelism," Proc. 22nd Ann. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, ACM Press, New York,1995, pp. 392-403. [5] J. lo,S. Eggers, J. Emer, H. Levy, R. Sstamm, and D. Tullsen."Converting thread level parallelism into instruction-level parallelism via simultaneous multithreading". ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 15(2), pp. 323-354, August 1997. P.Annapurna, B.Naga Nancharamma	87-92
16.	Design and Optimisation of Sae Mini Baja Chassis Design and Optimisation of Sae Mini Baja Chassis Abstract: The objective is to design and develop the roll cage for All - Terrain Vehicle accordance with the rulebook of BAJA 2014 given by SAE. The frame of the SAE Baja vehicle needs to be lightweight and structurally sound to be competitive but still protect the driver. The vehicle needs to traverse all types of off-road conditions including large rocks, downed logs, mud holes, steep inclines, jumps and off camber turns. During the competition events there is significant risk of rollovers, falling from steep ledges, collisions with stationary objects, or impacts from other vehicles. Material for the roll cage is selected based on strength and availability. A software model is prepared in Pro-engineer. Later the design is tested against all modes of failure by conducting various simulations and stress analysis with the aid of ANSYS 13. Based on the result obtained from these tests the design is modified accordingly. A target of 2 is set for Yield Factor of Safety. Key words: SAE Baja vehicle, Factor of Safety, All Terrain Vehicle, Roll cage, Chasis Reference [1] Rulebook BAJA SAE INTERNATIONAL 2014. [2] Chris Bennett, Eric Lockwood, Anthony McClinton, Robin McRee and Colin Pemberton "SAE Mini Baja Frame Analysis". [3] MohdHanif Mat*, Amir Radzi Ab. Ghani "Design and Analysis of 'Eco' Car Chassis",International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors 2012 (IRIS 2012) [4] Elert, Glenn. "Acceleration That Would Kill a Human,"http://hypertextbook.com/facts/ 2004/YuriyRafailov.shtml [5] http://users.tpg.com.au/users/mpaine/rollov er.html P. Anjani Devi, A. Dilip	93-97
17.	A survey on User's security in cloud A survey on User's security in cloud Abstract: Cloud computing is a new wave in the field of information technology. Some see it as an emerging field in computer science. It consists of a set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Hence, "cloud computing" is also called "Internet computing." The word "cloud" is a metaphor for describing the Web as a space where computing has been preinstalled and exists as a service. Operating systems, applications, storage, data, and processing capacity all exist on the Web, ready to be shared among users [1]. Key words: Cloud computing, cloud security, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. Reference [1] Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Sarhan M. Musa, and OMonowo D. MoMOh, Cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges, IEEE potentials, pp. 34-36, January/February 2014. [2] Shraddha M. Gurav, Leena S. Gawade, Prathamey K. Rane and Nilesh R. Khochare, Graphical Password Authentication Cloud securing scheme, IEEE Computer Society , pp.479-483, 2014. [3] Rajkumar Chalse, Ashwin Selokar , Arun Katara, A New Technique of Data Integrity for Analysis of the Cloud Computing Security, IEEE 2013. [4] Issa M. Khalil, Abdallah Khreishah, Salah Bouktif, Azeem Ahmad, Security Concerns in Cloud Computing, IEEE 2013. [5] Arjun Kumar, Byung Gook Lee, HoonJae Lee, Secure Storage and Access of Data in Cloud Computing, IEEE 2012. Indal Singh, Rajesh Rai, Sachin Murarka	98-102
18.	Design of a Sample and Hold Circuit using Rail to Rail Low Voltage Compact Operational Amplifier and bootstrap Switching Design of a Sample and Hold Circuit using Rail to Rail Low Voltage Compact Operational Amplifier and bootstrap Switching Abstract: This paper presents a low power high performance and higher sampling speed sample and hold circuit. The proposed circuit is designed at 180 nm technology and has high linearity. The circuit can be used for the ADC frontend applications and supports double sampling architecture. The proposed sample and hold circuit has common mode range beyond rail to rail and uses two differential pairs transistor stages connected in parallel as its input stage. Key words: Differential Operation Amplifier, Rail to Rail Input, Sample and Hold, Constant Transconductance Reference [1] S. Sakurai and M. Ismail, LOW-VOLTAGE CMOS OPERA-TIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Theory, Design and Implementation. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995. [2] K. Nagaraj, "Constant transconductance CMOS amplifier input stage with rail-to-rail input common mode voltage range," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Part Ii, vol. 42, pp. 366-368,1995. [3] W. C. M. Renirie, K. J. de Langen, J. H. Huijsing, "Parallel feed forward class-AB control circuits for low-voltage bipolar rail-to-rail output stages of operational amplifiers," in Proc. Analog Integrated Circ. Signal, July 1995, vol. 8, pp. 37–48. [4] P. J. Lim and B. A. Wooley, "A High-speed sample-and-hold technique using a miller hold capacitance," IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, vol. 26, no.4 pp. 643--651, Aprill 99 1. [5] J.Steensgaard, "Bootstrapped low-voltage analog switches", IEEE Circuits and Systems, 1999. Annu Saini , Prity Yadav, Prof . Dinesh Chandra	103-107
19.	Technologies, Strategies And Algorithm In Green Computing – Solution To Energy Crisis Technologies, Strategies And Algorithm In Green Computing – Solution To Energy Crisis Abstract: A safe and non-polluted environment is the basic need of a living being. But today the situation is getting changed. Our environment is getting polluted day by day at a very high rate. The use of computing devices plays a vital role in harmfulness of environment. To reduce these harmful impacts the concept of Green Computing must be implemented. In this research paper, we includes some technologies, strategies and algorithm which are used for the implementation of green computing. The main reason is the awareness of a common user. If a common user is getting aware about the harmful impacts of use of computing devices over environment and takes some steps at own level to reduce electricity, the concept of green computing will be implemented. Key words: Green computing, environment, computers, hazardous, carbon dioxide (CO₂) Reference [1] Jacob John,‖Green -717 Computing Strategies for Improving Energy Efficienty in IT Systems‖, Volume No.3 Issue No.6, pp : 715. [2] Rana Priya,; Green Computing Saves Green; International Journal of Advanced Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Vol 1, Issue 1, Dec, 2010. [3] Green Computing-Embrace a Secure Future International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) Volume 10-N.4, November 2010. [4] Dr. Pardeep Mittal, Navdeep Kaur,‖ Green Computing – Need and Implementation‖, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013 K, ISSN: 2278 – 1323. [5] Navdeep Kaur, Pardeep Mittal, ―Effective Implementation of Green Computing‖, Volume 2– Issue 4, 465 - 473, 2013. Asst. Prof. Gaurav Buddhawar, Miss. Payal R. Anandpawar, Miss. Gayatri C. Hurkat	108-113
20.	Implementation Of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) In Transmission Line Model Using Arduino Implementation Of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) In Transmission Line Model Using Arduino Abstract: A grid of transmission lines operating at high or extra high voltages is required to transmit power from generating stations to load. In addition to transmission lines that carry power from source to load, modern power systems are highly interconnected for economic reasons. The large interconnected transmission networks are prone to faults due to the lightning discharges and reduce insulation strength. Changing of loads and atmosphere conditions are unpredictable factors. This may cause overloading of lines due to which voltage collapse takes place. These problems can be eased by providing sufficient margin of working parameters and power transfer, but it is not possible due to expansion of transmission network. Still the required margin is reduced by introduction of fast dynamic control over reactive and active power by high power electronic controllers. This paper describes about implementation of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in transmission line model in order to enhance power flow at the receiving end. The triggering pulses to the thyristor are given using Arduino. Key words: Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor, Arduino, Compensation Reference [1] IEEE. FACTS overview. Power Engr. Soc. Summer Meeting, 95 TP 108, 1995. [2] S.G. Jalali, R.H. Lasseter, 1.Dobson. Dynamic response of a thyristor controlled switched capacitor. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting Paper no. 94 WM 065-3-PWRD, 1994. [3] J. Urbanek, R.J. Piwko, E.V. Larsen, B.L. Damsky, B.C. Furumasu, W. Mittelstadt, J.D. Eden. Thrystor controlled series capacitor- Prototype installation at the Slatt 500 kV Substation. IEEE %ns. Power Delivery, 19(2):992-1000, April 1994 [4] N. Noroozian, M.Ghandari, "Improving Power System Dynamics By Series Connected FACTS Devices", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 12, N° 4, pp. 1635- 1641, Oct. 1997. [5] R.M. Mathur and R.K. Varma, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems, IEEE Press and Wiley Interscience, New York, USA, Feb. 2002. Dr J.Sridevi	114-117
21.	A Comparative Study on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete Containing Different Admixtures as Partial Replacement of Cement A Comparative Study on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete Containing Different Admixtures as Partial Replacement of Cement Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used material in the world today. This paper is about the comparative study of the flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete when different admixtures are used as partial replacement of cement in the concrete mix. The mineral admixtures that are used here are Silica Fume, Rice Husk Ash and Iron slag as partial replacement of cement. All these materials are industrial waste products and are abundantly available nowadays. These materials have high silica content and pozzolanic properties and can be effectively used as a replacement of cement during the formation of High Performance Concrete. Compressive and Flexural strength are the two most important characteristic of concrete and are calculated for the hardened concrete to analyze the load bearing capacity for design purposes. Thus for the effective judgment of type of mineral admixtures to be used a comparative study is very useful. Key words: Compressive strength, flexural strength, High Performance Concrete, Iron slag, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Silica fume Reference [1] IS :456-2000 [2] IS:516-1959 [3] IS:10262-2009 [4] G.A Rama Rao,R.K Sastry and P.K Rohatgi Bull ,"Nature and reactivity of silica available in rice husk and its ashes" Mater. Sci.vol 12, no.5, dec 1989, pp. 469-479 [5] S. Bhanja*, B. Sengupta, "Influence of silica fume on the tensile strength of concrete", Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005) 743–747 Apoorv Singh, Prof. R.D Patel, Khalid Raza	118-123
22.	Geochronos File Sharing Application Using Cloud Geochronos File Sharing Application Using Cloud Abstract: Accessing, running and sharing applications and data at present face many challenges. Cloud Computing and Social Networking technologies have the potential to simplify or eliminate many of these challenges. Social Networking technologies provide a means for easily sharing applications and data. Now a day's people want to be connected 24x7 to the world around them. Networking and Communication have come together to make the world a small place to live in. People want to be in constant touch with their subordinates where ever they are and avail emergency services whenever needed. In this paper we present an on-line/on-demand interactive application service (Software as a Service). The service is built on a cloud computing basement that provisions virtualized application servers based on user demand. An open source social networking platform is leveraged to establish a portal front-end that enables applications and results to be easily shared between users. In the proposed system users can access the documents uploaded into the cloud by others and provide any data they have in hand to other users through the same cloud. This also allows the users to have an interactive session through the chat screens present in the cloud. The paper also highlights some major security issues existing in current cloud computing environment. Key words: Cloud Computing, Social Networking, Virtualized application, Interactive session. Reference [1] Academia.edu Website.http://www.academi a.edu/. Accessed July, 2009. [2] Amazon. Elastic compute cloud website.http://aws.amazon.com/ec2. Accessed July, 2009. [3] P. Barham, B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho,R. Neugebauer, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield. Xen and the art of virtualization. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 164–177, 2003. [4] CANARIE Network Enabled Platforms (NEP) Program. http://www.canarie.ca/ funding/nep/funded projects.html. Accessed July, 2009. [5] A. Charbonneau and V. Terskikh. Spectrogrid: Providing simple secure remote access to scientific instruments. In HPCS, pages 76–82. IEEE Computer Society, 2008. Sathish.Y, Surabhi. S, Sanila.S	124-128
23.	Real-Time System of Hand Detection And Gesture Recognition In Cyber Presence Interactive System For E-Learning Real-Time System of Hand Detection And Gesture Recognition In Cyber Presence Interactive System For E-Learning Abstract: The development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of Internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth E-learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. The quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for E-learning success. It is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in E-learning. This feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in E-learning. The researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. These gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. This latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. In case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be informed of learners with difficulties to participate during learning session. Key words: hand detection, hand recognition, segmentation, skin color Reference [1] Kim K, Chalidabhongse T, David H, Davis L. "Real-time foreground–background segmentation "using codebook model." Real-Time Imaging 2005;11:172–85. [2] QU Zhonga, ZHANG Qingqingam, GAO Tengfeia "Moving Object Tracking Based on Codebook and Particle Filter" 2012 International Workshop on Information and Electronics Engineering (IWIEE). [3] Shao Quan, Tang Zhixing, Han Songchen "Hierarchical CodeBook for background subtraction in MRF" Infrared Physics & Technology 61 (2013) 259–264. [4] Xin Shu , Xiao-Jun Wu "A novel contour descriptor for 2D shape matching and its application to image retrieval" Image and Vision Computing 29 (2011) 286–294 [5] Victor Adrian Prisacariu, Ian Reid :"3D hand tracking for human computer interaction", Image and Vision Computing 30 (2012) 236–250. Bousaaid Mourad, Ayaou Tarik, Afdel Karim, Estraillier Pascal	129-133
24.	Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Residential Building Study of Strength of RC Shear Wall at Different Location on Multi-Storied Residential Building Abstract: Shear wall systems are one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in high-rise buildings. Shear walls have very high in plane stiffness and strength, which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads, making them quite advantageous in many structural engineering applications. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyze the shear wall. However, the decision about the location of shear wall in multi-storey building is not much discussed in any literatures. In this paper, therefore, main focus is to determine the solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building. A RCC building of six storey placed in HYDERABAD subjected to earthquake loading in zone-II is considered. An earthquake load is calculated by seismic coefficient method using IS 1893 (PART–I):2002. These analyses were performed using ETABS. Key words: Multi-storey, RC structure, seismic analysis, RC shear wall, ETABS. Reference [1] Solution of shear wall in multi-storey building", Anshuman, Dipendu Bhunia, Bhavin Ramjiyani, International journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 2, no.2, 2011. [2] "Review on Shear wall for soft storey high rise building, Misam Abidi and Mangulkar Madhuri N. ,International Journal of Civil and Advance Technology, ISSN 2249-8958,Volume-1,Issue-6, August 2012 [3] "Effect of change in shear wall location on storey drift of multi-storey residential building subjected to lateral load", Ashish S. Agrawal and S. D. Charkha, International journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume 2, Issue 3,may-june 2012, pp.1786-1793. [4] "Configuration of multi-storey building subjected to lateral forces", M Ashraf, Z. A. Siddiqui, M. A. Javed, Asian journal of civil engineering ,vol. 9,no.5, pp. 525-535, 2008. [5] IS 1893(part 1) : 2002, " Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, part 1, general provisions and buildings ", Fifth revision, Bureau of Indian Standerds, Manak Bhavan, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Syed Ehtesham Ali, Mohd Minhaj Uddin Aquil	134-141
25.	A Novel Hybrid Dstatcom Topology for Load Compensation with Non-Stiff Source A Novel Hybrid Dstatcom Topology for Load Compensation with Non-Stiff Source Abstract: The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt active filter, which injects currents into the point of common coupling (PCC) (the common point where load, source, and DSTATCOM are connected) such that the harmonic filtering, power factor correction, and load balancing can be achieved. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is used for load compensation in power distribution network. A new topology for DSTATCOM applications with non-stiff source is proposed. The proposed topology enables DSTATCOM to have a reduced dc-link voltage without compromising the compensation capability. It uses a series capacitor along with the interfacing inductor and a shunt filter capacitor. With the reduction in dc-link voltage, the average switching frequency of the insulated gate bipolar transistor switches of the D-STATCOM is also reduced. Consequently, the switching losses in the inverter are reduced. Detailed design aspects of the series and shunt capacitors are discussed in this paper. A simulation study of the proposed topology has been carried out using MATLAB environment and the results analyzed. Key words: Dc link voltage, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), hybrid topology, nonstiff source. Reference [1] H. Fujita and H. Akagi, "The unified power quality conditioner: The integration of series and shunt-active filters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 315–322, Mar. 1998. [2] S. V. R. Kumar and S. S. Nagaraju, "Simulation of DSTATCOM and DVR in Power Systems," ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 7–13, 2007. [3] Y. Ye, M. Kazerani, and V. Quintana, "Modeling, control and implementation of three-phase PWM converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 857–864, May 2003. [4] G. S. Perantzakis, F. H. Xepapas, and S. N. Manias, "A novel four-level voltage source inverter—Influence of switching strategies on the distribution of power losses," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 149–159, Jan. 2007. [5] M. Routimo, M. Salo, and H. Tuusa, "Comparison of voltage-source and current-source shunt active power filters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 636–643, Mar. 2007. M Guru Dasthagiri Reddy	142-146
26.	Design and Implementation of Submicron Level 10T Full Adder in ALU Using Cell Based and SOC Technology Design and Implementation of Submicron Level 10T Full Adder in ALU Using Cell Based and SOC Technology Abstract: As technology scales into the nanometer regime leakage current, active power, delay and area are becoming important metric for the analysis and design of complex circuits. The main concern in mobile and battery based systems are leakage current and power dissipation. A transistor resizing approach for 10 transistor single bit full adder cells is used to determine optimal sleep transistor size which reduces power dissipation and leakage current. A submicron level 10-transistor single bit full adder cell is considered to achieve low leakage current, reduced power dissipation and high speed. In this paper initially 10T full adder cell is designed with submicron technique and later this is employed to design an ALU adder unit. The modified ALU is simulated and synthesized successfully on cadence 180nm technology. Key words: Low leakage, cmos, 10T full adder, sleep transistors, carry lookahead adder, SoC(system on chip). Reference [1] Shipra Mishra, ShyamAkashe ―Leakage Minimization of 10T Full Adder Using Deep Sub- Micron Technique'' 2012 Third International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies. [2] Madhuri.Sada1,A.Srinivasulu2,C.Md.Aslam3 ―1 Bit Full Adder Cell for Reducing Low Leakage Current in Nanometer Technology‖ International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 2, Issue 4 (July2012), PP. 11-18. [3] Massimo Alioto and Gaetano Palumbo ―Analysis and Comparison on Full Adder Block in Submicron Technology‖ IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems, vol. 10, no. 6, December 2002 pp 806-823. [4] A. Shams and M. Bayoumi, ―A novel high-performance CMOS 1-Bit full-adder cell‖ IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.—Part II, vol. 47, pp 478–481, May 2000. [5] H. Mahmoud and M. Bayoumi, ―A 10-transistor low-power high-speed full adder cell" in Proc. ISCAS99, Orlando, FL, June 1999, pp. 43–46 K.Swathi, B.Srinivas, G.Sanath kumar	147-150
27.	Design and Analysis of A Suspension Coil Spring For Automotive Vehicle Design and Analysis of A Suspension Coil Spring For Automotive Vehicle Abstract: The suspension system is used to observe the vibrations from shock loads due to irregularities of the road surface. It is perform its function without impairing the stability, steering (or) general handling of the vehicle. Generally for light vehicles, coil springs are used as suspension system. A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy and it can be twist, pulled (or) stretched by some force and can return to their original shape when the force is released. The present work attempts to analyze the safe load of the light vehicle suspension spring with different materials. This investigation includes comparison of modeling and analyses of primary suspension spring made of low carbon-structural steel and chrome vanadium steel and suggested the suitability for optimum design. The results show the reduction in overall stress and deflection of spring for chosen materials. Key words: coil springs, primary suspension system, modeling, static analysis, ANASYS 12.0, PRO-E Reference [1.] K Pavan Kumar, S Praveen Kumar and G Guru Mahesh."static analysis of a primary suspension spring used in locomotive‟ IJMERR, Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013 [2.] Priyanka Ghate, Dr. Shankapal S. R., Monish Gowda M. H. "Failure Investigation of A Freight Locomotive Suspension Spring and Redesign of the Spring for Durability and Ride Index", [3.] Mehdi Bakhshesh and Majid Bakhshesh "Optimization of Steel Helical Spring by Composite Spring" (2012) [4.] N.K. Mukhopadhyay,B. Ravi kumar, D.K. Bhattacharya "Failure analysis of passenger car coil spring"(2006) [5.] P.S.Valsange Design of Helical Coil Compression Spring, IJERA, Vol. 2, 6, November-December 2012 N.Lavanya, P.Sampath Rao, M.Pramod Reddy	151-157
28.	Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation Abstract: This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality under different operating conditions and load excursions Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) system, SRG based wind Turbine, Fuel cell, Grid Reference [1] Yann Riffonneau, Seddik bacha, Franck barruel and Stephanie Plane, "optimal power flow management for Grid connected PV system "IEEE Transactions on sustainable energy, vor, no.3, PP.309-320, july 2011. [2] Rajesh Kumar, R.A.Gupta and Ajay Kumar Bansal,"Economic analysis and a Power Management of a stand-alone wind/Photovoltaic hybrid energy system using biogeography based optimization algorithm", smarm and evolutionary computation, Elsevier,PP33-43,2013 [3] Mohamed A. H. El-Sayed , Adel M. Sharaf, Senior Member IEEE "Hybrid Wind-Fuel Cell Renewable Energy Utilization Scheme for Village Electricity". Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON'10), Cairo University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010, Paper ID 132. [4] Y. H. Li, S. Rajakaruna, Member, IEEE, and S. S. Choi, Member, IEEE "Control of a Solid Oxide 0885- 8969. Fuel Cell Power Plant in a Grid-Connected System" 2005 IEEE [5] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli and E. R. Filho, "Compre- hensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of PV Ar- rays," IEEE Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1198-1208. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2009.2013862 M. Kishore Reddy, D. Gireesh Kumar, Dr.J.Viswantha Rao	158-164
29.	Medical Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Medical Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Abstract: Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and reduce randomness and redundancy in order to increase the clinical applicability of medical images for diagnosis and assessment of medical problems. Multimodal medical image fusion algorithms and devices have shown notable achievements in improving clinical accuracy of decisions based on medical images. The domain where image fusion is readily used nowadays is in medical diagnostics to fuse medical images such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and MRA. This paper aims to present a new algorithm to improve the quality of multimodality medical image fusion using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach. Discrete Wavelet transform has been implemented using different fusion techniques including pixel averaging, maximum minimum and minimum maximum methods for medical image fusion. Performance of fusion is calculated on the basis of PSNR, MSE and the total processing time and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of fusion scheme based on wavelet transform. Key words: Image Fusion, Multimodal medical image fusion, fusion rules, PSNR, MSE. Reference [1] H. H. Wang, "A new multiwavelet-based approach to image fusion",Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, vol.21, pp.177-192,Sep 2004. [2] V. Petrovic and C. Xydeas, "Evaluation of image fusion performance with visible differences", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.3023, 2004. [3] G. Pajares, J. M. l de la Cruz, "A wavelet-based image fusion tutorial",Pattern Recognition, vol.37, pp.1855– 1872, 2004. [4] C.Y.Wen, J.K.Chen, "Multi-resolution image fusion technique and its application to forensic science", Forensic Science International, vol 140, pp-217-232, 2004. [5] H.C.Xie, G.Li.H.Ning, C. Menard, C.N. Coleman, and R. W.Miller. "3D voxel fusion of multi- modality medical images in a clinical treatment planning system", Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based medical Syste (CBMS'04) Jun.2004-Jun,2004,IEEE Computer Society, 2004. Nayera Nahvi, Deep Mittal	165-170
30.	Solar Power Potential In Saudi Arabia Solar Power Potential In Saudi Arabia Abstract: The expansion of power generation in Saudi Arabia is essential in order to meet the expected growth of its electricity demand. Due to the availability of high solar irradiation, vast rainless area and longtime sun light, Saudi Arabia is one of the most suitable countries to utilize solar energy resources in greater extend. Kingdom has planned to increase the production of solar power in order to meet a considerable share of country's future energy demand. Numerous installation and research works are going on nowadays in the kingdom in order to attain its targets of solar power capacity in the coming years. Hence latest updates of country's solar industry are essential for further research and R&D works in this field. Saudi Arabia's current status and future possibility of solar industry are discussed in this paper. Key words: Concentrated solar power Renewable energy, solar power, photovoltaic, CSP, solar carport Reference [1] F. R. Pazheri, M. F. Othman, and N. H. Malik, A review on global renewable electricity scenario, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 2014, 835-845. [2] Solar GIS. SolarGIS data validation for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, http://geomodel solar.eu/_docs/various/SolarGIS_validation_SaudiArabia_2013-02.pdf. [3] F. R. Pazheri and N. H. Malik, et al., Use of renewable energy sources in Saudi Arabia through smart grid," Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 6(7), 2012, 1065-1070. [4] M. Mohandes, S. Rehman, and T. O. Halawani, Estimation of global solar radiation using artificial neural networks, Renewable Energy, 1(4), 1998, 179-184. [5] KA-CARE, Saudi Arabia's renewable energy strategy and solar energy deployment roadmap, https://www.irena.org /DocumentDownloads/masdar/Abdulrahman%20Al%20Ghabban%20Presentation.pdf, 2013]. F. R. Pazheri	171-174
31.	Road Traffic Noise Level Assessment at an Institutional Area Road Traffic Noise Level Assessment at an Institutional Area Abstract: Unplanned and rapid urbanization, industrialization, increasing number of vehicles, poor traffic management, poor road condition etc. are the major causes of higher noise levels in most of the Indian cities. Prolonged exposure to higher noise levels can lead to irreversible Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Noise-induced hearing loss is contributing one-third to the total persons suffering from hearing loss in every country in the world. The present study aims at measuring the noise levels in the university campus to analyze the current situation and suggesting noise control measures to be adopted in University campus and along MMA Jauhar Marg. The numbers of vehicles were counted during November 17-21, 2012 and noise levels were measured at various pre decided locations. The traffic load in horizon years 2013, 2017, 2022, 2027 and 2032 on the MMA Jauhar Marg Road is predicted on the basis of observed traffic data and expected annual growth rate as 8.0% for pre Metro and 3.5% for post Metro. The noise levels were measured using Larson Davis Model 831 Class 1 Sound Level Meter on both sides of road at foot paths along MMA Jauhar Marg and at various receptor locations inside the different buildings in the university campus. Model RLS-90 is used for prediction of noise levels. The prediction of metro noise is carried out using statistical calculations. The combined noise levels were compared with standard criteria for silent zone and found on higher side. Installation of environment noise barrier is suggested as one of the noise control measure to be adopted along MMA Jauhar Marg and along metro viaduct to save students and staff from exposure of higher noise levels. Key words: Noise Pollution, Road Traffic Noise, Institutional Area, Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), Noise Barriers. Reference [1] Vinita Pathak, B.D. Tripathi, Virendra kumar Mishra, Evaluation of traffic noise pollution and attitudes of exposed individuals in working place, Atmospheric Environment, 42(16), 2008, 3892-3898. [2] S.A Ali, A Tamura, Road traffic noise mitigation strategies in Greater Cairo, Egypt, Applied Acoustics, 63(11), 2002, 1257-1265. [3] Bengang Li, Shu Tao, R.W. Dawson, Evaluation and analysis of traffic noise from the main urban roads in Beijing, Applied Acoustics, 63(10), 2002, 1137-1142. [4] B. Bodsworth, A. Lawrence, The contribution of heavy vehicles to urban traffic noise Applied Acoustics, 11(1), 1978, 57-65. [5] Nasim Akhtar, Kafeel Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay (2012), Road Traffic Noise Mapping and a case study for Delhi Region, International Journal of Applied Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2 (04), pp. 39 – 45. Dev Swaroop, Kafeel Ahmad and Ravinder Singh	175-184
32.	Effect of Bond Layer on Tri-Layered Assembly Subjected To Differential Uniform Temperature Change Effect of Bond Layer on Tri-Layered Assembly Subjected To Differential Uniform Temperature Change Abstract: In the present analytical and numerical study, the thermal mismatching stress induced under differential temperature conditions of tri-layered assembly with bond is investigated. The thermal mismatching stresses are one of the reasons for structural failures between two or more connected devices. Therefore it is very essential to understand variation of these stresses and estimation in the interfaces play an important role in design and reliability studies of microelectronic assemblies. In this paper, a physical model is proposed for the interfacial shearing and peeling stresses occurring at the interfaces of tri-layered dissimilar materials with the effect of bonding subjected to differential uniform temperature in the layer. It observed from both analytical and numerical study that the shearing stress reduced in the range of 60% to 70% at interface (1-2) and 35% to 40% at (2-3) interface. Peeling stress are continuously reduced in the range of 10% - 20% at (1-2) interface and 13% - 35% at (2-3) interface due to the influence of bond layer. Thus, it indicates that, the bond layer consideration may influence significantly on interfacial stress. It is found that the both interfacial shearing stresses and peeling stresses decreased considerably at the interface with the increase of bond layer thickness. Key words: Tri-layered model, Shearing stress, Peeling stress, Different uniform temperature model, Electronic package Reference [1] Timoshenko, Analysis of Bi-metal Thermostats, J. opt . Soc. Am. 11, 1925, 233-255. [2] M Vujosevic, Thermally Induced Deformations in Die-substrate Assembly, Theor. Appl. Mech., 35(1-3), 2008, 305-322. [3] W T Chen and C W Nelson, Thermal Stresses in Bonded Joints, IBM Journal, Research and Development, vol.23, No.2, 1979. [4] F V Chang, Thermal Contact Stresses of Bi-Metal Strip Thermostat, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, vol.4, No.3, Tsing-hua Univ., Beijing, China, 1983. [5] E. Suhir, Stresses in Bi-Metal Thermostats, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 53, No. 3, Sept. 1986. C Nithin Shekar, N G S Udupa, Aswatha, K N Seetharamu	185-192
33.	Design & Implementation of Zero Voltage Switching Buck Converter Design & Implementation of Zero Voltage Switching Buck Converter Abstract: Zero voltage switching (ZVS) buck converter is more preferable over hard switched buck converter for low power, high frequency DC-DC conversion applications. In Zero voltage switching converter, turn on & turn off of a switch occurs at zero voltage that results in lower switching losses. In this converter soft switching is achieved by using resonant components. The optimal values of resonant components are determined by using electric functions derived from circuit configuration. This type of soft switched resonant converter offers very low electromagnetic interference (EMI).This study presents the circuit configuration with least components to realize highly efficient zero voltage switching resonant converter. It's feasibility is confirmed with the developed proto type model and experimental results are verified. Index Terms: Resonant converter, Soft-Switching, Zero-Voltage- Switching (ZVS). Reference [1] K. H. Liu and F. C. Lee, ―Zero-voltage switching technique in DC/DC converters,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 293–304,1990. [2] W. A. Tabisz and F. C., ―Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant technique—A novel approach to improve performance of high frequency quasi-resonant converters,‖ in Proc. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1988, vol. 1, no. 11–14, pp. 9–17. [3] Muhammad H.Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices, and Applications, 3rd ed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 2004. [4] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2003. [5] Y. C. Chuang and Yu-Lung Ke, ―A Novel High-Efficiency Battery Charger With a Buck Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Converter," IEEE Trans. on energy conversion, vol. 22, no. 4, December 2007. A.Suresh Kumar, P.Krishna Reddy	193-198