Peer Reviewed Journal

Tenser Product of Representation for the Group C_n

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to compute the tenser product of representation for the group C_n. Also algorithms designed and implemented in the construction of the main program designated for the determination of the tenser product of representation for the group C_n including a flow-diagram of the main program. Some algorithms are followed by simple examples for illustration.

Key words: representation for the group, degree of the representation, character of representation, tenser product.

Reference
[1] C.Curtis and I.Reiner, Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associative Algebras, John Wiley and Sone, New York, 1962.
[2] I.M.Jsaacs, Characters Theory of Finite Groups, Academic Press, New York, 1976.
[3] M.J.Collins, Representations and Characters of Finite Groups, New York, Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1990.
[4] T.H.Majeed, On the Tenser Product of Representations for the Symmetric Groups Sn, Journal of College of Education, Al-MustansiriyaUniversity,Vol. 1 , pp. 12-26 , 2002.

Optimum Crop Productivity in Rain Fed Area of Thana Boula Khan, Sindh, by Application of Wind Energy

Abstract: The energy and food security are crisis at global level. Various sources for generating energy are under exploitation but except of renewable energy are almost costly. Hence, proper exploration and exploitation renewable energy is cheaper in comparison of fossil fuels source. In this connection, wind energy source mostly is available in the southern region of Sindh province of Pakistan. Renewable energy and agricultural farming are a winning combination. Wind, solar, and biomass energy can be harvested forever, providing farmers with a long-term source of income. The net farm returns can significantly be enhanced if available stronger winds are effectively utilized as an alternative energy resource. The project has successfully been introduced by locally manufactured windmill driven pumping units. The wind speed probability analysis based upon limited data availability indicated that during almost 92% of operational time, a wind speed of 2.5 m/s (9 km/hr) or more was available in project area. The operational analysis of windmill during 2007 indicated average 9.38 liter/min discharge was extracted, with role of 95.5 m³ of water was pumped in Kharif season, which is sufficient to irrigate 0.096 hectare of land through surface irrigation method by maintaining 10 cm depth of applied water. However, modern and efficient irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler be employed alongside windmill introduction for getting optimum agricultural productivity.

Key words: Crop productivity, Renewable energy, Windmill, T. B. Khan, Micro Irrigation system

Reference
[1] Khalid Mustafa, SUPARCO to initiate project to install Windmills: Pakistan will have 9700 Megawatts of Electricity by 2030. Daily Time, Pakistan, 19th September, 2005.
[2] S. M. Ali, Nutan Dash, and Arjyadhara Pradhan. Role of Renewable Energy on Agricultural, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies (IJESET), 2012, 4(1) pp. 51-57.
[3] Miranowski, J. A. Energy Consumption in US Agriculture. Proceedings Conference on Agriculture as a Producer and Consumer of Energy. Arlington, VA, June 24-25, 2004. Conference materials are available online: http://www.farmfoundation.og/projrcts/03-35AsEnergyproducerAndConsumer.html
[4] Javid-urRahman, Windmills Energy in Pakistan by end of August, 2008, the Post, 16th August, 2008
[5] Klasra, K, Turkey to Setup 50 MW Windmllis, Daily National, Pakistan, January 17, 2010.

Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with Hysteresis Control

Abstract: A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.

Index Terms: Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.

Reference
[1] L.H.Tey, P.L.So and Y.C.Chu, Unified power Quality Conditionar for improveing power Quality Using ANN with Hysterisis Control, IEEE Tran. Power Electronics, vol. 9, no.3, May 1994, pp. 1441-1446.
[2] Hirofumi Akagi, Trends in Active Power Line Conditioners, IEEE Tran. Power Electronics, vol. 9, no.3, May 1994, pp. 263-268.
[3] Janko Nastran, Rafael Cajhen, Matija Seliger, and Peter Jereb, Active Power Filter for Nonlinear AC Loads, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.9, no.1, Jan. 1994, pp. 92-96.
[4] E. Destobbeleer and L.Protin, On the Detection of Load Active Currents for Active Filter Control, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 11, no.6, Nov. 1996, pp. 768-775.
[5] Mauricio Aredes, Jorgen Hafner, and Klemens Hermann, Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter Control Strategies, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.12, no.2, Mar. 1997, pp. 311-318.

Modeling of RF Power Amplifier with Memory Effects using Memory Polynomial

Abstract: Power Amplifier is one of the most important component in a communication system. It is inherently non-linear and having memory effects. But current communication systems require highly linear response as nonlinearities contribute to gain compression and produce harmonic distortion. But for linearization of power amplifier, it is necessary to model PA's memory behavior accurately. So in this paper, a memory polynomial based power amplifier model is presented which takes into account its memory effects for wideband applications. This paper also presents a comparison of proposed model with actual RF power amplifier in terms of power spectral density and AM/AM characteristics. Simulation results shows its efficiency and accuracy.

Key words: AM/AM characteristics, MATLAB, Memory Effects, Memory polynomial, Power Amplifier (PA).

Reference
[1] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Power amplifier Linearization using Digital Predistortion" International e-Journal of Communication and Electronics, Volume 2, January 2009.
[2] Ruchi Pasricha and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Modeling of a Power Amplifier for Digital Pre-Distortion Applications using Simplified Complex Memory Polynomial" Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7, No. 4, 1519-1524(2013).
[3] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Fast complex Memory Polynomial based Adaptive Digital Pre- Distorter", International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 98, No.7, Page, 923-931, July 2011.
[4] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Digital Pre-Distortion of Power Amplifiers using Look-Up Table Method with Memory Effects" ICGST-PDCS, Volume 8, Issue 1, Page 39-44, December 2008.
[5] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Mathematical Modeling of Power Amplifier" Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 2, No. 3, March 2009.

Approach To Power Harvesting With Piezoelectric Material

Abstract: Nowadays, most of the research in the energy field is to develop sources of energy for the future, With oil resources being over, tapped and eventually bound to end, it is time to find renewable Piezoelectric materials are being more and more studied as they turn out to be very unusual materials with very specific and interesting properties. In fact, these materials have the ability to produce electrical energy from mechanical energy, for example, they can convert mechanical behavior like vibrations into electricity. Recent work has shown that these materials could be used as power generators, the amount of energy produced is still very low, hence the necessity to optimize them. The objective of this work is to study the all of the piezoelectric material systems and calculated the possible power generated from it, and a special case to design and build a fully functional floor tile device that when stepped on will generate enough energy to light an LED, The system will be charge a temporary energy storage device, a capacitor bank, and then use this stored energy to power an LED.

Reference
[1] Allen, J. and Smits, A. Energy Harvesting Eel. Journal of Fluids and Structures,Vol.15, 2001, pp.1-13.
[2] Amirtharajah, R., Chandrakasan, A. P. Self-powered Signal Processing Using Vibration-based Power Generation. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, Vol. 33, No.5, May 1998, pp. 687-695.
[3] L M Swallow, J K Luo, E Siores, I Patel and D Dodds, A piezoelectric fibre composite based energy harvesting device for potential wearable applications, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol, 17 No 2 ,2008
[4] Y C Shu and I C Lien , Analysis of power output for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol, 15 No 6 ,2006
[5] R L Hadimani, D Vatansever Bayramol, N Sion, T Shah, Limin Qian,Shaoxin Shiand E Siores, Continuous production of piezoelectricPVDF fibre for e-textile applications, Smart Mater. Struct.22,2013, 075017 (6pp)

A Tool to Search and Convert Reduplicate Words from Hindi to Punjabi

Introduction: Language, the best means of communication, is not a static one. It changes from time to time. The causes for these changes may be borrowing, language contact and interference and convergence from other languages. Due to these processes many structural features may come from one language into another Language. These exchanges reflect in the phonological, morphological and lexical levels. While working with the various kind of languages there are some circumstances when there is reduplication of words that is repetition of all or the part of the word. Reduplication, the doubling or partial doubling of syllables and words, is very frequent in Hindi-Urdu. It may apply to full words of any kind: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs (but not auxiliary verbs), even pronouns:

Reference
[1] M.D SohelRana (P hd)nov 2010, "reduplication in bengali language"; Volume 10:11 ;pp 1930-2940.
[2] Kishorjit, N. &Sivaji, B., (2010) Identification of MWEs Using CRF in Manipuri and Improvement Using Reduplicated MWEs, In the Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Natural Language (ICON-2010), IIT Kharagpur, India, pp51
[3] Thoudam Doren Singh, Sivaji Bandyopadhyay, (august 2010)" Web Based Manipuri Corpus for Multiword NER and Reduplicated MWEs Identification using SVM" Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing (WSSANLP), ,the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Beijing, pages 35-42
[4] A.PARIMALAGANTHAM,(8 august 2009)"A STUDY OF STRUCTURAL REDUPLICATION IN TAMIL AND TELUGU": LANGUAGE IN INDIA ,Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow "Volume 9 : ISSN 1930-2940
[5] JANA NOVOTNA,(2000)"REDUPLICATION IN SWAHILI", AAP 64 : Swahili Forum VII • 57-73

Design and Analysis of New Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) Circuits Using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET)

Abstract: It is a challenging task for a VLSI design engineer to develop low power VLSI circuits, without sacrificing its performance. Feedthrough Logic (FTL) is a new technology which could be considered better than the existing technologies for improving circuit efficiency. Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL), offers a better power factor than the FTL logic structures, and also shows an improvement in the speed factor. But the scenario again changes when the design extends to nano scales of device dimension, where many factors which were neglected otherwise need to be given more importance. To avoid or minimize problems like hot carrier effects, electro migration, drain induced barrier lowering and other issues that becomes prominent in nano scale MOSFET‟s, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) is considered to be a promising candidate in future integrated circuits. Hence this work extends the advantages of MFTL logic into nano level by incorporating CNTFETs in place of MOSFETs. The modifications have been implemented using CNTFETs of 16nm technology from HSPICE library on a 10 chain inverter stage, an 8 bit RCA and a Vedic multiplier and performance factors like PDP and ADP are compared to that of the conventional MOSFET circuits.

Key words: CNT, Domino logic, FTL, MFTL

Reference
[1] Sneha Meryn Thomas, Rakesh S "Performance Analysis of new low power Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) structure" in Proc. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology IJERT ISSN: 2278 – 0181, Vol 3, April 2014 pp.242-247NCETET'14 Conference
[2] Sauvagya Ranjan Sahoo1, Kamala Kanta Mahapatra,"Performance Analysis of modified Feedthrough Logic for Low Power and High Speed" in IEEE – ICAESM2012.
[3] V. Navarro-Botello, J. A. Montiel-Nelson, and S. Nooshabadi, " Analysis of high performance fast feedthrough logic families in CMOS," IEEE Trans. Cir. & syst. II, vol. 54, no. 6, Jun. 2007, pp. 489-493.
[4] Ginto Johnson and Vinod Pangracious "CNT Based Channel Interconnect for CMOS Devices" CCSIT 2012, Part II, LNICST 85, pp. 585–595, 2012
[5] Subhajit Das, Sandip Bhattacharya, Debaprasad Das "Design of Digital Logic Circuits using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors" International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-6, December 2011

Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter Waves

Abstract: In this paper a analytical comparison and experimental implementation of different methods used in generating a low phase noise millimeter wave signals is presented. Four techniques were experimented and compared, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking (IL), and Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL). The comparison and experimental results of a laboratory discussed.

Key words: generating millimeter waves, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL)

Reference
[1] S. Kim, H.-C. Ryu, S. Kang, S. Y. Jeong, S. Lee, D. Kang, M. Kwak, S. Choi, M. Paek, and K.-Y. Kang, " The First Experiment Results of mm-Wave Generation by Photomixing," IEEE, THz Technology Team, Gajeongno, Korea, pp. 4244-2120, Jun. 2008.
[2] A. J. Vieira, " Mode-Locked Microchip Lasers for Millimeter-Wave Generation for Optically Fed Wireless Systems," IEEE MP4, pp. 144-145, 2000.
[3] T. Hoshida, H.-F. Liu, M. Tsuchiya, Y. Ogawa, and T. Kamiya, " Subharmonic Hybrid Mode-Locking of a Monolithic Semiconductor Laser," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 514-522, September. 1996.
[4] J. Bowers, P. Morton, A. Mar, and S. Corzine, " Actively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1426-1439, June. 1989.
[5] Z. F. Fan, P. J. S. heim, and M. Dagenais, "Highly Coherent RF Signal Generation By Heterodyne optical Phase Locking of External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., pp. 719-721, 1998.

OFDM PAPR Reduction Using Hybrid Partial Transmit Sequences Based On Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Abstract: The past decade has seen many radical changes and achievements in the field of wireless communication. Applications of wireless communication have grown swiftly in the recent past. This rigorous growth leads to more throughput over wireless channels along with increased reliability. But still the bandwidth demands are endless and increasing day by day. Today we need to constantly work towards achieving reliable wireless communication with high spectral efficiency, low complexity and good error performance results. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is a promising technique in this regard as it offers high data rate and reliable communications over various fading channels. But the main drawback of OFDM is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper we present the technique to reduce the PAPR using Cuckoo Search Algorithm in multicarrier modulation system. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the conventional system.

Reference
[1] S. H. Han and J. H. Lee, "An overview of peakto- average power ratio reduction techniques for multicarrier transmission," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 2, p. – , 2005.
[2] R. W. Bauml, R. F. H. Fischer and J. B. Huber, "Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping," Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 2056,2057, 1996.
[3] S. Y. Le_Goff, S. S. Al-Samahi, B. K. Khoo, C. C. Tsimenidis and B. S. Sharif, "Selected mapping without side information for papr reduction in ofdm," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2009-7.
[4] B. Canpolat, "Performance Analysis of Adaptive Loading OFDM Under Rayleigh Fading With Diversity Combining," 2001.
[5] R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications," Artech House," 2000.

Comparative Analysis of Lossless Image Compression Based On Row By Row Classifier and Various Encoding Schemes on Color Images

Abstract: Lossless image compression is needed in many fields like medical imaging, telemetry, geophysics, remote sensing and other applications, which require exact replica of original image and loss of information is not tolerable. In this paper, a near lossless image compression algorithm based on row by row classifier with encoding schemes like Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW), Huffman and Run Length Encoding (RLE) on color images is proposed. The algorithm divides the image into three parts R, G and B, apply row by row classification on each part and result of this classification is records in the mask image. After classification the image data is decomposed into two sequences each for R, G and B and mask image is hidden in them. These sequences are encoded using different encoding schemes like LZW, Huffman and RLE. An exhaustive comparative analysis is performed to evaluate these techniques, which reveals that the proposed algorithm have smaller bits per pixel (bpp) than simple LZW, Huffman and RLE encoding techniques.

Reference
[1] X. Yao-hua, T. Xiao-an and S. Mao-yin, "Image compression based on classification row by row and LZW encoding". Congress on image and signal processing, 2008, pp. 617-621.
[2] N.Ranganathan, S.G.Romaniuk and K.R. Namuduri, "A lossless image compression algorithm using variable blocks size segmentation". IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 1396-1406, 1995.
[3] M.-B. Lin, J.-F. Lee and G.E. Jan, "A lossless data compression and decompression algorithm and its hardware architecture". IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 925-936, 2006.
[4] M.Yang and N.Bourbakis, "An overview of lossless digital image compression techniques". 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005, pp. 1099-1102.
[5] K. Sayood and K. Anderson, "A differential lossless image compression scheme", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 236-241, 1992.

Utilization of Industrial Waste Material in GSB Layer

Abstract: India has series of steel plant clusters located along its length and breadth of the territory. Several million metric tons of iron and steel are produced in these plants annually. Along with the production of iron and steel, huge quantities of solid wastes like blast furnace slag and steel slag as well as other wastes such as flue dust, blast furnace sludge, and refractories are also being produced in these plants. These solid wastes can be used as non-traditional/non-conventional aggregates in pavement construction due to acute scarcity of traditional/conventional road construction materials. A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) with various blended mixes of traditional/conventional aggregates in subbase layer with different percentages. This study also presents the result of experimental investigation on the influence of Rice husk ash (RHA) on the index properties of Red soil which is used as filler material in subbase layer.

Key words: California bearing ratio (CBR), Granular Subbase (GSB), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), Rice husk ash (RHA).

Reference
[1] Ahmed Ebrahim Abu El-Maaty Behiry,"Evaluation of steel slag and crushed limestone mixtures as subbase material in flexible pavement," in Elsevier, Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2013) 4, 43–53.
[2] Sinha A.K, Havanagi A.K, Ranjan A and Mathur S," Steel slag waste material for the construction of road," in Indian Highways, October 2013,pp13-20.
[3] Sudhir Mathur, S. K. Soni, And A.V.S.R. Murty, "Utilization of Industrial Wastes such as various slag's in Low-Volume Roads", (TRR 1652).
[4] Rafat Siddique, Deepinder Kaur,"Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures", Journal of Advanced Research (2012) 3, 45–51.
[5] Perviz Ahmedzade, Burak Sengoz,"Evaluation of steel slag coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete", Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 300–305.

Body Heat Powered Flashlight Using LTC3108

Abstract: The Abstract deals with the proper usage of unused energy generated by humans in the form of heat by making it in glowing a Flashlight. Thereby the Flashlight runs solely on the heat of human palm without using any batteries.

Index Terms: Heat Sink, Linear IC, Peltier Tiles, Stepup Transformer

Reference
[1] ThePhysicsFactbook:http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/IgorFridman.shtml
[2] LairdThermoelectric:http://www.lairdtech.com/Products/ThermalManagementSolutions/Thermoelectric-Modules/
[3] DavidSalerno, Ultralow Voltage Energy Harvester Uses Thermoelectric Generator for Battery Free Wireless Sensors; Journal of Analog Innovation, October 2010
[4] LinearTechnlogies:www.lineartechnologies.com
[5] Futurlec:http://www.futurlec.com/Transistors/J310pr.shtml

Control the Stability and Steady State When the Elevator Reached the Requested Level

Abstract: This paper presenta project on design and implementation of a PLC-based controller for a 4-level elevator Feedback system. The PLC used is a Siemens with 24 inputs and 16 outputs. The design incorporates an intelligent controller that solving the stability and balance, based on algorithm and PID software solution. Some farthersuggestions on how to extend the program for control the system are offered.

Key words: Elevator control; PLC control; Siemens LOGO; Feedback elevator system.

Reference
[1] 3 I. Warnock, Programmable Controllers (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988).
[2] 4 J. W. Webb, Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications (Macmillan, New York, 1988).

Studying and Comparing Sensing Capability of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Adsorption of O₂ and N₂ Gases Using DFT

Abstract: In this study sensing capability of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), of both zigzag (5, 0) and armchair (4, 4) models were investigated for adsorption of O₂ and N₂ molecules were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. Using this computational method, it is possible to obtain much more data to apply in medical science and industrial technologies. Geometrical optimization have carried out using standard set and B3LYP/6-311G* basis set of Gaussian 98 program. Those parts of SWCNT which have demonstrated more contribution in adsorption energy, ΔE_ads (eV) were studied and compared. Electronic configurations were discussed and the results were interpreted.

Key words: Adsorption energy, DFT method, Gaussian program, sensing capability, SWCNTs

Reference
[1] S. Ijima, T. Ichihashi, Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter, Nature, Vol. 363 (1993), 603.
[2] Y.T. Jang, S.I. Moon, J.H. Ahn, Y.H. Lee, B.K. Ju, A simple approach in fabricating chemical sensor using laterally grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Sens. Actuators, B 99 (2004) 118.
[3] L. Valentini, C. Cantalini, I. Armentano, J.M. Kenny, L. Lozzi, S. Santucci, Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensors Based on carbon Nanotubes Thin films for Molecular Detection, Diamond Relat. Mater., Vol. 13 (2004) 130.
[4] A.S. Ghasemi1, F. Aashrafi, Adsorption 17O, 15N and CO molecules on the surface of SWCNT: A Computational NMR study, Inter. J. ChemTech Research, Vol.4, No.4 (2012) 1295.
[5] F. Ashrafi, S.A. Babanegad and A.S. Ghasemi, Comparison of Adsorption of Nitrogen and Oxygen- Molecules on the Open Ended and Surface of Swcnts: A Computational NMR and NQR Study, Research J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Tech., Vol. 4 (7) (2012) 795.

Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder Block

Abstract: Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc.

Key words: automated Rotary Cage, Computer Aided Fixture Design (CAFXD, The Feature Based Modeller (FBM), PLC circuit, poka-yoke, 3D CAD model, S/n ratio

Reference
[1] International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology archive Volume 24 Issue 3, July 2005
[2] Gandhi, M.V. and B.S. Thompson. Automated Design of Modular Fixtures for Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 5(4), Pp.243-252. 1986.
[3] Asada, H. and A.B. By. Kinematic Analysis of Workpart Fixturing for Flexible Assembly with Automatically Reconfigurable Fixtures. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 1(2), pp. 86-94. 1985.
[4] Chou, Y.C. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures. Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vo1.7, No.3, pp175-185. 1994.
[5] Cogun, C. The Importance of the Application Sequence of Clamping Forces. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol. 114, pp. 539-543. 1992.
[6] DeMeter, E.C. Restraint Analysis of Fixtures which Rely on Surface Contact. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 116(2), pp. 207-215. 1994a.

CFD Analysis of Plate Fin Tube Heat Exchanger for Various Fin Inclinations

Abstract: ANSYS Fluent software is used for three dimensional CFD simulations to investigate heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of six different fin angles with plain fin tube heat exchangers. The numerical simulation of the fin tube heat exchanger was performed by using a three dimensional numerical computation technique. Geometry of model is created and meshed by using ANSYS Workbench software. To solve the equation for the fluid flow and heat transfer analysis ANSYS FLUENT was used in the fin-tube heat exchanger. The fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated and result compared for both laminar and turbulent flow models k-epsilon and SST k-omega, with steady state solvers to calculate heat transfer, flow velocity and temperature fields of variable inclined fin angles (Ɵ = 0⁰,10⁰ , 20⁰, 30⁰, 40⁰,50⁰). Model is validate by comparing the simulated value of velocity, temperature and colburn factor with experimental and numerical results investigated by WANG [1] and GHORI KIRAR [10]. Reasonable agreement is found between the simulations and other results, and the ANSYS Fluent software is sufficient for simulating the flow fields in tube fin heat exchanger.

Key words: Plate fin Heat Exchanger, Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD), ANSYS Work Bench, FLUENT.

Reference
[1] CC. Wang An experimental study of heat transfer and friction characteristics of typical louver fin-and-tube heat exchangers International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Volume 41, Issues 4–5, February–March 1998, Pages 817-822
[2] CC. Wang, Chi-Chuan; Chang, Yu-Juei; Hsieh, Yi-Chung; Lin, Yur-Tsai (1996). ―Sensible heat and friction characteristics of plate fin-tube heat exchangers having plane fins‖, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 19, No. 4: pp. 223-230.
[3] Chi-Chuan Wang, Kuan-Yu Chi (2000). Heat transfer and friction characteristics of plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers, part I: new experimental data, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43: 2681–2691
[4] Erek, Aytunc; Õzerdem, Baris; Bilir, Levent; Ilken, Zafer(2005). ‖Effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of plate fin and tube heat exchangers‖, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25: pp. 2421-2431.
[5] Rich DG, 1973, The Effect of Fin Spacing on The Heat Transfer and Friction Performance of Multi-row, Smooth Plate Fin-and-tube Heat Exchangers. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineer, 81(1): 307-317.

Implementation for Controller to Unified Single Phase Power Flow Using Digital Signal Processor (DSP)-TMS320C31

Abstract: Presenting in his paper, Digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of a single phase unified power flow controller (UPFC). For shunt side and series side An efficient UPFC control algorithm is achieved. Discussing the laboratory experimental results using DC source are taken as an UPFC linked by two ll-bridge PWM voltage source converters.

Key words: algorithm, power flow, controller, experiment

Reference
[1] L. Gyugyi et al., "The Unified Power Flow Controller: A New Approach To Power Transmission Control." IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1085 – 1097, April 1995.
[2] C.D. Schauder et al., "Operation of the Unified Power Flow Controller Under Practical Constraints," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 630 – 639, Apr. 1998.
[3] Kalyan K. Sen and Eric J. Stacey, "UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller: Theory, Modeling, and Applications," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1453 – 1460, October 1998.
[4] H.A. Abdelsalam, M. Abdelkrim, G.E.M. Aly, and K.M. Shebl, "Using UPFC for Power Flow Control and Dynamic Stability," Tenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON'2005) Dec. 13-15, 2005, Port Fouad, Port Said, Egypt.
[5] S. Mobin, E. Hiraki, H. Takano and M. Nakaoka, "Simulation Method for DSP-Controlled Active PFC High-Frequency Power Converters," IEEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., vol. 147, No. 3, pp. 159-165, May 2000.

A Review: Compensation of Mismatches in Time Interleaved Analog to Digital Converters

Abstract: The execution of today's correspondence frameworks is exceedingly subject to the utilized Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs), and with a specific end goal to give more flexibility and exactness to the developing correspondence innovations, superior-ADCs are needed. In this respect, the time-interleaved operation of an exhibit of ADCs (TI-ADC) might be a sensible result. A TI-ADC can build its throughput by utilizing M channel ADCs or sub converters in parallel and examining the data motion in a period-interleaved way. In any case, the execution of a TI-ADC gravely suffers from the bungles around the channel ADCs. In this paper we survey the advancement in the configuration of low-intricacy advanced remedy structures and calculations for time-interleaved ADCs in the course of the most recent five years. We devise a discrete-time model, state the outline issue, and finally infer the calculations and structures. Specifically, we examine proficient calculations to outline time-differing remedy filters and additionally iterative structures using polynomial based filters. Thusly, the remuneration structure may be utilized to repay time-differing recurrence reaction befuddles in time-interleaved ADCs, and in addition to remake uniform examples from nonuniformly tested indicators. We examine the recompense structure, research its execution, and exhibit requisition zones of the structure through various illustrations. At long last, we give a standpoint to future examination questions.

Index Terms: Analog-to-digital converter, compensation, frequency response mismatches, reconstruction, time-inter- leaved, time-varying filter.

Reference
[1] W. C. Black Jr. and D. A. Hodges, ―Time-interleaved converter arrays,‖ IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1024–1029, December 1980.
[2] ―Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception,‖ LTE Technical Specifica- tion Release 10 3GPP TS 36.101 V10.0.0, October 2010.
[3] B. Murmann, C. Vogel, and H. Koeppl, ―Digitally enhanced analog circuits: System aspects,‖ in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008., 2008, pp. 560–563.
[4] S. Henzler, ―Digitalization of mixed-signal functionality in nanometer technologies,‖ in 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), November 2010, pp. 252–255.
[5] C. Vogel, ―The impact of combined channel mismatch effects in time- interleaved ADCs,‖ IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Mea- surement, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 415–427, February 2005.

Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cycle for Use in Geothermal Power Plant

Abstract: The global energy demand increases with the economic growth and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining. In addition to this harmful combustion byproducts are resulting global warming. However, the increase of environmental concerns and energy crisis can be minimized by sustainable utilization of the low to medium temperature heat resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. Heat exchangers are the main components of the Organic Rankine Cycle power plant which receives heat energy from the heat source to evaporate and condense the low boiling temperature organic working fluid which in turn drives the turbine to generate power. This paper presents a simplified approach to the design, fabrication and performance assessment of a shell tube heat exchanger designed for condenser in a model Organic Rankine Cycle geothermal power plant. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (condenser) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the condenser of the model power plant.

Key words: Shell tube heat Exchanger, Heat transfer Co-efficient, LMTD

Reference
[1] A. Hadidi, "A new design approach for shell and tube heat exchangers using competitive algorithm (ICA) from economic point of view," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 67, pp. 66 - 74, 2013
[2] S. Vangapally, "Design, Fabrication and Testing of FRP shell Counter-flow heat Exchanger," International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), vol. 3. 2014.
[3] R. K. Shah, "Heat Exchangers" University of Kentueky
[4] H.D. Madhawa Hettiarachchi, "Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources," Energy, vol. 32, pp 1698-1706,2007
[5] Bambang P., "Model of Binary Cycle Power Plant using Brine as thermal Energy Source and Development Potential in Sibayaka," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Science IJECS-IJENS, vol. 11, pp. 02.

Experimental Study on Performance of Concrete M30 with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Sea Shells and Coconut Shells

Abstract: In this research work experiments have been conducted with collection of materials required and the data required for mix design are obtained by sieve analysis and specific gravity test. Sieve analysis is carried out from various fine aggregates (FA) and coarse aggregates (CA) samples and the sample which suits the requirement is selected. Specific gravity tests are carried out for fine and coarse aggregate. The various materials used were tested as per Indian standard specifications. On the basis of the experimental studies carried out on M30 grade concrete as partial replacement of coarse aggregates with sea shells and coconut shells, the following conclusions are drawn from the above experiment we conclude that comparing to traditional concrete, compressive strength of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells (5%) and sea shells (5%) increased. whereas the compressive strength of the concrete cubes has gradually decreased from addition of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells and sea shells. Hence for economical view 10% is preferable and in the perspective of compressive strength 10% is suggested. Thus, 10% replacement coconut shells and sea shells are recommended for both heavy weight and light weight concrete production.

Key words: aggregate, coconut shells (c s), compressive strength, sea shells (s s),

Reference
[1] Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregates" M. Sekar, L.M. Poornima.M
[2] Lightweight concrete mix design using coconut shell aggregate"- Gunasekaran K and Kumar P.S. Proceedings of the building materials, structural designs and construction practices, pp375-382.O.T.
[3] Olateju,(1992) The efficacy of lightweight aggregate from palm kernel shells", Journal of Housing Science (4), pp. 263–276.
[4] Exploratory Study of Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Works" A. P. Adewuyi and T. Adegoke -ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, December 2008.

A Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Model for Cash Flow Management

Abstract: Although significant research work has been conducted on cash flow forecast, planning, and management, the objective is constantly the maximization of profit/final cash balance, or minimization of total project cost. This paper presents a multi-objective fuzzy linear programming model (FLP) for resolving the optimization problem of three conflicting objectives: final cash balance, cost of money, and initial cash balance. The proposed model depends on Jiang et al. (2011) Model. In the new formulation, both the advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment one period were considered. Literature concerned with cash flow studies and models for construction projects was reviewed. Fuzzy linear programming applications in literature was presented and it's concept was then described. Jiang et al. (2011) Model is presented. The proposed model development was then presented. The proposed model was validated using an example project. An optimization of each individual objective was performed with a linear programming (LP) software (Lindo) that gave the upper and lower bounds for the multi-objective analysis. Fuzzy linear programming was then applied to optimize the solution. Four cases are considered: considering advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment one period simultaneously, then separately, and neglecting advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment. Penalty of delayed payment have been also considered. Analysis of the results revealed that the model is an effective decision making tool to be used by industry practitioners with reasonable accuracy.

Key words: fuzzy linear programming; final cash balance; cost of money; initial cash balance; advanced payment; delay of payment.

Reference
[1] Liu, Y., Zayed, T. and Li, S. 2009 .Cash flow analysis of construction projects, in proc. of 2nd International 8th Construction Specialty Conference, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, May 27-30.
[2] Al-Issa, A. and Zayed, T. 2007. Projects cash flow factors-contractor perspective, Construction Research Congress (CRC) conference, ASCE, Bahamas, May 5-8.
[3] Singh, S.; Lakanathan, G. 1992. Computer based cash flow model, in Proc. of the 36th Annual Trans., American Association of Cost Engineers, Morgantown, VA, R 5.1-R 5.14.
[4] Jiang, A., Issa, R.R. A. and Malek, M. 2011. Construction project cash flow planning using the pareto optimality efficiency network mode, J. Civil Eng. and Manage., 17:4, PP.510-519.
[5] Park, H.K. 2004, Cash flow forecasting in construction project, J. Civil Eng., Vol. 8, no.3, PP. 265-271.

Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of g-Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Alcohols

Abstract: Densities (r) and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (V^E), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations.

Key words: -Butyrolactone, Aliphatic alcohols, Excess molar volume, Deviation in isentropic compressibility

Reference
[1]. Sathyanarayana B, Ranjith Kumar B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 39, 2007, 16.
[2]. Satyanarayana N, Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, 2007, 405.
[3]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 38, 2006, 272.
[4]. Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 44, 2006, 587.
[5]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50, 2005, 89.

OPERATION & CONTROL OF SMART GRID CONNECTED PV- FC HYBRID POWER SYSTEMD

Abstract: This paper presents a method to operate and control a grid connected hybrid power system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes

Index Terms: Distributed generation, fuel cell, hybrid system, micro grid, photovoltaic, power management.

Reference
[1] J.L. Del Monaco, The role of distributed generation in the critical electrical power infrastructure, in: Proceedings of the Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting IEEE, vol. 1, 2001, 144-145
[2] Loc Nguyen Khanh, Student Member, IEEE, Jae-Jin Seo, Yun-Seong Kim, and Dong-Jun Won, Member, IEEE," Power-Management Strategies for a Grid-Connected PV-FC Hybrid System ,vol 25, no.3 July 2010
[3] T.A. Short, Electric Power Distribution Handbook, CRC Press, 2004.
[4] "A guide to photovoltaic (PV) system design and installation" 2001 by Endecon Engineering
[5] S. Gilbert, The nation's largest fuel cell project, a 1MW fuel cell power plant deployed as a distributed generation resource, anchorage, Alaska project dedication 9 August 2000, in: Proceeding of the Rural electric Power Conference, 2001, pp. A4/1-A4/8

Hepatoprotective Activity of Cinnamon Zeylanicum Leaves against Alcohol Induced Albino Rats

Abstract: Plants play an important role in the life of human, as the major source of food, as well as for the maintenance and improvement of health and for the elimination of the enemies since ages. Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueos extract of aerial parts of Cinnamon zeylanicum are evaluated in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The aqueos extract of aerial parts of Cinnamon zeylanicum have shown very significant hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and GGT and levels of total bilirubin and total protein were investigated and showed an increase in alcohol induced rats when compared to control. The extracts of the test plant exhibited significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity against the alcohol induced liver models by improving liver function which was indicated by reduction in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and total protein.

Key words: Cinnamon zeylanicum, hepatoprotective, Silymarin and protein.

Reference
[1] Alareon de la Lastra, C., Martin, M.J., Lacasa, C., and Motilva, V., 1994. Anti ulcerogenicity of the flavonoid fraction from Bidensaurea: Comparison with ranitidine and Omeprazole. J. Ethnopharmacol., 42: 161-168.
[2] Al-Yahya, M.A., Rafatullah, S., Mossa, J.S., Ageel, A.M., Al-Said, M.S., and Tariq, M., 1990. Gastric antisecretory, antiulcer and cytoprotectie properties of ethanlic extract of Alpinia galangal wild in rats. Phytother. Res., 4: 112-114.
[3] Baranano, D.E., Rao, M., Ferris, C.D., and Synder, S.H., 2002. Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99(25): 160-198.
[4] Barouki, R., Chobert, M.N., Finidori, J., Aggerbeck, M., Nalpas, B., and Hanoune, J., 1983. Ethanol effects in a rat hepatoma cell line: induction of gamma-lutamyltransferase. Hepatology, 3(3): 323-339
[5] Choudhury, B.R., and Poddar, M.K., 1983. Effect of Kalmegh extract on rat liver and serum enzymes. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 5(10): 727-730.

Mechanical Behavior of Areca Fiber and Maize Powder Hybrid Composites

Abstract: Natural fibers are gaining the interest in packaging, domestic, low cost housing and other general applications. In this work the mechanical properties of randomly distributed areca fiber and maize powder reinforced phenol formaldehyde were studied. From the results Youngs modulus is maximum found in 300 ml of resin. The maximum tensile strength is for 300B composite plate. The maximum Young's modulus for 300B is 135MPa, for bending strength of various composite plates, the composite plate with 400 ml PF resin shows the maximum bending load compared to other composite plates. The composite plate of 400C shows the maximum bending load compared to other composite plates. The maximum bending load for 400C composite plate is 0.854 kN. The adhesive tensile strength increases with decrease in Areca fiber and increase in maize powder up to 700 gms of Areca and 300 gms of maize powder. Later the adhesive tensile strength decreases with decrease in Areca fiber and increase in maize powder. Maximum adhesive tensile stress is 0.137 MPa for 400B composite plate compared to remaining composite plates.

Key words: Areca fiber, Maize powder, composites, Phenol formaldehyde.

Reference
[1] Sherely Annie Paul, Abderrahim Boudenne, Laurent Ibos, Yves Candau, Kuruvilla Joseph and Sabu Thomas. Effect of fiber loading and chemical treatments on thermophysical properties of banana fiber/polypropylene commingled composite materials, Composites: Part A 39 (2008) 1582–1588.
[2] R.P.Swamy, G.C.Mohan Kumar, Y. V rushabhendrappa and Vince Joseph, "Study of areca reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites " Vol 23, 2004, Journal of reinforced plastics and composites
[3] N. Sgriccia, M.C. Hawley and M. Misra. Characterization of natural fiber surfaces and natural fiber composites, Composites: Part A 39 (2008) 1632–1637.
[4] Srinivasa chikkol venkateshappa, Basavaraju bannehalli, Mounesh Gadde Kenchappa and Raghu Patel Gowda Rangangowda. Flexure of Areca Composites, BioResource 5(3), 1846-1858.
[5] S. Mukhopadhyay and R. Srikanta. Effect of ageing of sisal fibres on properties of sisal – Polypropylene composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 (2008) 2048–205.

AODV Improvement by Modification at Source Node and Securing It from Black Hole Attack.

Abstract: MANETS suffer from constraints in power, storage and computational resources ,as a result, they are more vulnerable to various communications security related attacks. therefore we attempt to focus on analyzing and improving the security of routing protocol for MANETS viz. the Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)routing protocol. We propose modifications to the AODV we propose an algorithm to counter the Black hole attack on the routing protocols in MANETs. All the routes has unique sequence number and the malicious node has the highest Destination Sequence number and it is the first RREP to arrive. So the comparison is made only to the first entry in the table without checking other entries in the table

Key words: AODV, Black hole, receive reply, sequence number, routing table

Reference
[1] International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 8, ISSN 2250-3153, August 2012 .
[2] Gianni A. Di Caro, Frederick Ducatelle, Luca M. Gambardella. "A simulation study of routing performance in realistic urban scenarios for MANETs". In: Proceedings of ANTS 6thInternational Workshop on Ant Algorithms and Swarm Intelligence, Brussels, Springer, LNCS 5217, 2008.
[3] F. Maan, Y. Abbas, N. Mazharg," Vulnerability Assessment of AODV and SAODV Routing Protocols Against Network routing Attacks and Performance Comparisons" National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), wireless advanced2011.
[4] K. Lakshmi, S.Manju Priya, A. Jeevarathinam, K. Rama, K. Thilagam, Lecturer, "Modified AODV Protocol against Blackhole Attacks in MANET", Coimbatore, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 (6), 2010.
[5] Rajesh J. Nagar, KajalS. Patel,"Securing AODV Protocol against Blackhole Attacks" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp.1116-1120Jan-Feb 2012.

Design and Implementation of Digital PLL using Self Correcting DCO System

Abstract: The mainstay of the paper is to use a PLL using self healing pre-scalar. When a CMOS technology approaches to a nanometer scale, the non-idealities like variability and leakage current may affect the circuit performances. The process variability leads to the large variations to degrade the device matching and performances. The leakage current is highly dependent upon the process variations. In the existing method the key parameter is to be change the modulus value of the pre- scalar. By changing the value of the pre-scalar the PLL frequency range will be extended. In the proposed design we are planning to implement the digital PLL technique with self correcting DCO. The structure utilizes the DDR synthesizer as a base for generating the DCO frequency, so many methods are there to correct the DCO errors , here we detect the error or delay and correct it by using smooth jumping method. The DPLL varies from minimum system clock frequency 60 to 1489 MHZ (Minimum) maximum of GHZ frequency of any range we can generate, since our design act as a general platform for any kind of application.

Key words: DCO, Delay Detector, Frequency Divider, Self Healing, Signal Shaping Circuit.

Reference
[1] L. L. Lewyn, T. Ytterdal, C. Wulff, and K. Martin, "Analog circuit design in nanoscale CMOS technologies," Proc. IEEE, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1687–1714, Oct. 2009.
[2] J. M. Wang, Y. Cao, M. Chen, J. Sun, and A. Mitev, "Capturing device mismatch in analog and mixed-signal designs," IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 137–144, Dec. 2008.
[3] K. Agawa, H. Hara, T. Takayanagi, and T. Kuroda, "A bitline leakage compensation scheme for low-voltage SRAMs," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 726–734, May 2001.
[4] "A Digitally Controlled PLL for SoC Applications" Thomas Olsson, and Peter Nilsson IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 39, NO. 5, MAY 2004 751
[5] "An All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop with 50-Cycle Lock Time Suitable for High-Performance Microprocessors" Jim Dunning,, Gerald Garcia, Jim Lundberg, and Ed Nuckolls, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 30, NO. 4, APRIL 1995

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Tenser Product of Representation for the Group C_n Tenser Product of Representation for the Group C_n Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to compute the tenser product of representation for the group C_n. Also algorithms designed and implemented in the construction of the main program designated for the determination of the tenser product of representation for the group C_n including a flow-diagram of the main program. Some algorithms are followed by simple examples for illustration. Key words: representation for the group, degree of the representation, character of representation, tenser product. Reference [1] C.Curtis and I.Reiner, Representation Theory of Finite Groups and Associative Algebras, John Wiley and Sone, New York, 1962. [2] I.M.Jsaacs, Characters Theory of Finite Groups, Academic Press, New York, 1976. [3] M.J.Collins, Representations and Characters of Finite Groups, New York, Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1990. [4] T.H.Majeed, On the Tenser Product of Representations for the Symmetric Groups Sn, Journal of College of Education, Al-MustansiriyaUniversity,Vol. 1 , pp. 12-26 , 2002. SuhaTalib Abdul Rahman, Niran Sabah Jasim, Ahmed Issa Abdul Naby	01-08
2.	Optimum Crop Productivity in Rain Fed Area of Thana Boula Khan, Sindh, by Application of Wind Energy Optimum Crop Productivity in Rain Fed Area of Thana Boula Khan, Sindh, by Application of Wind Energy Abstract: The energy and food security are crisis at global level. Various sources for generating energy are under exploitation but except of renewable energy are almost costly. Hence, proper exploration and exploitation renewable energy is cheaper in comparison of fossil fuels source. In this connection, wind energy source mostly is available in the southern region of Sindh province of Pakistan. Renewable energy and agricultural farming are a winning combination. Wind, solar, and biomass energy can be harvested forever, providing farmers with a long-term source of income. The net farm returns can significantly be enhanced if available stronger winds are effectively utilized as an alternative energy resource. The project has successfully been introduced by locally manufactured windmill driven pumping units. The wind speed probability analysis based upon limited data availability indicated that during almost 92% of operational time, a wind speed of 2.5 m/s (9 km/hr) or more was available in project area. The operational analysis of windmill during 2007 indicated average 9.38 liter/min discharge was extracted, with role of 95.5 m³ of water was pumped in Kharif season, which is sufficient to irrigate 0.096 hectare of land through surface irrigation method by maintaining 10 cm depth of applied water. However, modern and efficient irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler be employed alongside windmill introduction for getting optimum agricultural productivity. Key words: Crop productivity, Renewable energy, Windmill, T. B. Khan, Micro Irrigation system Reference [1] Khalid Mustafa, SUPARCO to initiate project to install Windmills: Pakistan will have 9700 Megawatts of Electricity by 2030. Daily Time, Pakistan, 19th September, 2005. [2] S. M. Ali, Nutan Dash, and Arjyadhara Pradhan. Role of Renewable Energy on Agricultural, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies (IJESET), 2012, 4(1) pp. 51-57. [3] Miranowski, J. A. Energy Consumption in US Agriculture. Proceedings Conference on Agriculture as a Producer and Consumer of Energy. Arlington, VA, June 24-25, 2004. Conference materials are available online: http://www.farmfoundation.og/projrcts/03-35AsEnergyproducerAndConsumer.html [4] Javid-urRahman, Windmills Energy in Pakistan by end of August, 2008, the Post, 16th August, 2008 [5] Klasra, K, Turkey to Setup 50 MW Windmllis, Daily National, Pakistan, January 17, 2010. Aneela Hameem Memon, Mumtaz Ali Gadehi, Abdul Ghani Soomro, Ali Asghar Mahessar, Abdul Latif Qureshi, Shafi Muhammad Kori and Raza Muhammad Memon	09-14
3.	Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with Hysteresis Control Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with Hysteresis Control Abstract: A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost. Index Terms: Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality. Reference [1] L.H.Tey, P.L.So and Y.C.Chu, Unified power Quality Conditionar for improveing power Quality Using ANN with Hysterisis Control, IEEE Tran. Power Electronics, vol. 9, no.3, May 1994, pp. 1441-1446. [2] Hirofumi Akagi, Trends in Active Power Line Conditioners, IEEE Tran. Power Electronics, vol. 9, no.3, May 1994, pp. 263-268. [3] Janko Nastran, Rafael Cajhen, Matija Seliger, and Peter Jereb, Active Power Filter for Nonlinear AC Loads, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.9, no.1, Jan. 1994, pp. 92-96. [4] E. Destobbeleer and L.Protin, On the Detection of Load Active Currents for Active Filter Control, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 11, no.6, Nov. 1996, pp. 768-775. [5] Mauricio Aredes, Jorgen Hafner, and Klemens Hermann, Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter Control Strategies, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.12, no.2, Mar. 1997, pp. 311-318. D. Uma Maheswara Rao, K. Sravanthi, Avinash Vujji, K. Durga Syam Prasad	15-22
4.	Modeling of RF Power Amplifier with Memory Effects using Memory Polynomial Modeling of RF Power Amplifier with Memory Effects using Memory Polynomial Abstract: Power Amplifier is one of the most important component in a communication system. It is inherently non-linear and having memory effects. But current communication systems require highly linear response as nonlinearities contribute to gain compression and produce harmonic distortion. But for linearization of power amplifier, it is necessary to model PA's memory behavior accurately. So in this paper, a memory polynomial based power amplifier model is presented which takes into account its memory effects for wideband applications. This paper also presents a comparison of proposed model with actual RF power amplifier in terms of power spectral density and AM/AM characteristics. Simulation results shows its efficiency and accuracy. Key words: AM/AM characteristics, MATLAB, Memory Effects, Memory polynomial, Power Amplifier (PA). Reference [1] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Power amplifier Linearization using Digital Predistortion" International e-Journal of Communication and Electronics, Volume 2, January 2009. [2] Ruchi Pasricha and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Modeling of a Power Amplifier for Digital Pre-Distortion Applications using Simplified Complex Memory Polynomial" Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7, No. 4, 1519-1524(2013). [3] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Fast complex Memory Polynomial based Adaptive Digital Pre- Distorter", International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 98, No.7, Page, 923-931, July 2011. [4] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Digital Pre-Distortion of Power Amplifiers using Look-Up Table Method with Memory Effects" ICGST-PDCS, Volume 8, Issue 1, Page 39-44, December 2008. [5] Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Mathematical Modeling of Power Amplifier" Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 2, No. 3, March 2009. Er. Bimaljeet Kaur, Er. Sweety Badhwar, Dr. Amandeep Singh Sappal	23-25
5.	Approach To Power Harvesting With Piezoelectric Material Approach To Power Harvesting With Piezoelectric Material Abstract: Nowadays, most of the research in the energy field is to develop sources of energy for the future, With oil resources being over, tapped and eventually bound to end, it is time to find renewable Piezoelectric materials are being more and more studied as they turn out to be very unusual materials with very specific and interesting properties. In fact, these materials have the ability to produce electrical energy from mechanical energy, for example, they can convert mechanical behavior like vibrations into electricity. Recent work has shown that these materials could be used as power generators, the amount of energy produced is still very low, hence the necessity to optimize them. The objective of this work is to study the all of the piezoelectric material systems and calculated the possible power generated from it, and a special case to design and build a fully functional floor tile device that when stepped on will generate enough energy to light an LED, The system will be charge a temporary energy storage device, a capacitor bank, and then use this stored energy to power an LED. Reference [1] Allen, J. and Smits, A. Energy Harvesting Eel. Journal of Fluids and Structures,Vol.15, 2001, pp.1-13. [2] Amirtharajah, R., Chandrakasan, A. P. Self-powered Signal Processing Using Vibration-based Power Generation. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, Vol. 33, No.5, May 1998, pp. 687-695. [3] L M Swallow, J K Luo, E Siores, I Patel and D Dodds, A piezoelectric fibre composite based energy harvesting device for potential wearable applications, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol, 17 No 2 ,2008 [4] Y C Shu and I C Lien , Analysis of power output for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol, 15 No 6 ,2006 [5] R L Hadimani, D Vatansever Bayramol, N Sion, T Shah, Limin Qian,Shaoxin Shiand E Siores, Continuous production of piezoelectricPVDF fibre for e-textile applications, Smart Mater. Struct.22,2013, 075017 (6pp) Mahmoud S. Awad	26-30
6.	A Tool to Search and Convert Reduplicate Words from Hindi to Punjabi A Tool to Search and Convert Reduplicate Words from Hindi to Punjabi Introduction: Language, the best means of communication, is not a static one. It changes from time to time. The causes for these changes may be borrowing, language contact and interference and convergence from other languages. Due to these processes many structural features may come from one language into another Language. These exchanges reflect in the phonological, morphological and lexical levels. While working with the various kind of languages there are some circumstances when there is reduplication of words that is repetition of all or the part of the word. Reduplication, the doubling or partial doubling of syllables and words, is very frequent in Hindi-Urdu. It may apply to full words of any kind: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs (but not auxiliary verbs), even pronouns: Reference [1] M.D SohelRana (P hd)nov 2010, "reduplication in bengali language"; Volume 10:11 ;pp 1930-2940. [2] Kishorjit, N. &Sivaji, B., (2010) Identification of MWEs Using CRF in Manipuri and Improvement Using Reduplicated MWEs, In the Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Natural Language (ICON-2010), IIT Kharagpur, India, pp51 [3] Thoudam Doren Singh, Sivaji Bandyopadhyay, (august 2010)" Web Based Manipuri Corpus for Multiword NER and Reduplicated MWEs Identification using SVM" Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing (WSSANLP), ,the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), Beijing, pages 35-42 [4] A.PARIMALAGANTHAM,(8 august 2009)"A STUDY OF STRUCTURAL REDUPLICATION IN TAMIL AND TELUGU": LANGUAGE IN INDIA ,Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow "Volume 9 : ISSN 1930-2940 [5] JANA NOVOTNA,(2000)"REDUPLICATION IN SWAHILI", AAP 64 : Swahili Forum VII • 57-73 Shivani Sachdeva, Dr. Ashwani Sethi	31-35
7.	Design and Analysis of New Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) Circuits Using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) Design and Analysis of New Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) Circuits Using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) Abstract: It is a challenging task for a VLSI design engineer to develop low power VLSI circuits, without sacrificing its performance. Feedthrough Logic (FTL) is a new technology which could be considered better than the existing technologies for improving circuit efficiency. Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL), offers a better power factor than the FTL logic structures, and also shows an improvement in the speed factor. But the scenario again changes when the design extends to nano scales of device dimension, where many factors which were neglected otherwise need to be given more importance. To avoid or minimize problems like hot carrier effects, electro migration, drain induced barrier lowering and other issues that becomes prominent in nano scale MOSFET‟s, Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) is considered to be a promising candidate in future integrated circuits. Hence this work extends the advantages of MFTL logic into nano level by incorporating CNTFETs in place of MOSFETs. The modifications have been implemented using CNTFETs of 16nm technology from HSPICE library on a 10 chain inverter stage, an 8 bit RCA and a Vedic multiplier and performance factors like PDP and ADP are compared to that of the conventional MOSFET circuits. Key words: CNT, Domino logic, FTL, MFTL Reference [1] Sneha Meryn Thomas, Rakesh S "Performance Analysis of new low power Modified Feedthrough Logic (MFTL) structure" in Proc. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology IJERT ISSN: 2278 – 0181, Vol 3, April 2014 pp.242-247NCETET'14 Conference [2] Sauvagya Ranjan Sahoo1, Kamala Kanta Mahapatra,"Performance Analysis of modified Feedthrough Logic for Low Power and High Speed" in IEEE – ICAESM2012. [3] V. Navarro-Botello, J. A. Montiel-Nelson, and S. Nooshabadi, " Analysis of high performance fast feedthrough logic families in CMOS," IEEE Trans. Cir. & syst. II, vol. 54, no. 6, Jun. 2007, pp. 489-493. [4] Ginto Johnson and Vinod Pangracious "CNT Based Channel Interconnect for CMOS Devices" CCSIT 2012, Part II, LNICST 85, pp. 585–595, 2012 [5] Subhajit Das, Sandip Bhattacharya, Debaprasad Das "Design of Digital Logic Circuits using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors" International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-1, Issue-6, December 2011 Sneha Meryn Thomas, Rakesh S	36-41
8.	Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter Waves Experimental Study for the Different Methods of Generating Millimeter Waves Abstract: In this paper a analytical comparison and experimental implementation of different methods used in generating a low phase noise millimeter wave signals is presented. Four techniques were experimented and compared, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking (IL), and Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL). The comparison and experimental results of a laboratory discussed. Key words: generating millimeter waves, Multiplication, phase lock loop (PLL), Injection locking with phase lock loop (ILPLL) Reference [1] S. Kim, H.-C. Ryu, S. Kang, S. Y. Jeong, S. Lee, D. Kang, M. Kwak, S. Choi, M. Paek, and K.-Y. Kang, " The First Experiment Results of mm-Wave Generation by Photomixing," IEEE, THz Technology Team, Gajeongno, Korea, pp. 4244-2120, Jun. 2008. [2] A. J. Vieira, " Mode-Locked Microchip Lasers for Millimeter-Wave Generation for Optically Fed Wireless Systems," IEEE MP4, pp. 144-145, 2000. [3] T. Hoshida, H.-F. Liu, M. Tsuchiya, Y. Ogawa, and T. Kamiya, " Subharmonic Hybrid Mode-Locking of a Monolithic Semiconductor Laser," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 514-522, September. 1996. [4] J. Bowers, P. Morton, A. Mar, and S. Corzine, " Actively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1426-1439, June. 1989. [5] Z. F. Fan, P. J. S. heim, and M. Dagenais, "Highly Coherent RF Signal Generation By Heterodyne optical Phase Locking of External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., pp. 719-721, 1998. Aamer Jamal Albaghdadi	42-49
9.	OFDM PAPR Reduction Using Hybrid Partial Transmit Sequences Based On Cuckoo Search Algorithm OFDM PAPR Reduction Using Hybrid Partial Transmit Sequences Based On Cuckoo Search Algorithm Abstract: The past decade has seen many radical changes and achievements in the field of wireless communication. Applications of wireless communication have grown swiftly in the recent past. This rigorous growth leads to more throughput over wireless channels along with increased reliability. But still the bandwidth demands are endless and increasing day by day. Today we need to constantly work towards achieving reliable wireless communication with high spectral efficiency, low complexity and good error performance results. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is a promising technique in this regard as it offers high data rate and reliable communications over various fading channels. But the main drawback of OFDM is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper we present the technique to reduce the PAPR using Cuckoo Search Algorithm in multicarrier modulation system. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the conventional system. Reference [1] S. H. Han and J. H. Lee, "An overview of peakto- average power ratio reduction techniques for multicarrier transmission," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 2, p. – , 2005. [2] R. W. Bauml, R. F. H. Fischer and J. B. Huber, "Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping," Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 2056,2057, 1996. [3] S. Y. Le_Goff, S. S. Al-Samahi, B. K. Khoo, C. C. Tsimenidis and B. S. Sharif, "Selected mapping without side information for papr reduction in ofdm," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2009-7. [4] B. Canpolat, "Performance Analysis of Adaptive Loading OFDM Under Rayleigh Fading With Diversity Combining," 2001. [5] R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, "OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications," Artech House," 2000. Maninder Singh, Charanjit Singh, Amandeep Singh Bhandari	50-55
10.	Comparative Analysis of Lossless Image Compression Based On Row By Row Classifier and Various Encoding Schemes on Color Images Comparative Analysis of Lossless Image Compression Based On Row By Row Classifier and Various Encoding Schemes on Color Images Abstract: Lossless image compression is needed in many fields like medical imaging, telemetry, geophysics, remote sensing and other applications, which require exact replica of original image and loss of information is not tolerable. In this paper, a near lossless image compression algorithm based on row by row classifier with encoding schemes like Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW), Huffman and Run Length Encoding (RLE) on color images is proposed. The algorithm divides the image into three parts R, G and B, apply row by row classification on each part and result of this classification is records in the mask image. After classification the image data is decomposed into two sequences each for R, G and B and mask image is hidden in them. These sequences are encoded using different encoding schemes like LZW, Huffman and RLE. An exhaustive comparative analysis is performed to evaluate these techniques, which reveals that the proposed algorithm have smaller bits per pixel (bpp) than simple LZW, Huffman and RLE encoding techniques. Reference [1] X. Yao-hua, T. Xiao-an and S. Mao-yin, "Image compression based on classification row by row and LZW encoding". Congress on image and signal processing, 2008, pp. 617-621. [2] N.Ranganathan, S.G.Romaniuk and K.R. Namuduri, "A lossless image compression algorithm using variable blocks size segmentation". IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 1396-1406, 1995. [3] M.-B. Lin, J.-F. Lee and G.E. Jan, "A lossless data compression and decompression algorithm and its hardware architecture". IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 925-936, 2006. [4] M.Yang and N.Bourbakis, "An overview of lossless digital image compression techniques". 48th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005, pp. 1099-1102. [5] K. Sayood and K. Anderson, "A differential lossless image compression scheme", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 236-241, 1992. Ramandeep Kaur, Dr. Sukhjeet K. Ranade	56-60
11.	Utilization of Industrial Waste Material in GSB Layer Utilization of Industrial Waste Material in GSB Layer Abstract: India has series of steel plant clusters located along its length and breadth of the territory. Several million metric tons of iron and steel are produced in these plants annually. Along with the production of iron and steel, huge quantities of solid wastes like blast furnace slag and steel slag as well as other wastes such as flue dust, blast furnace sludge, and refractories are also being produced in these plants. These solid wastes can be used as non-traditional/non-conventional aggregates in pavement construction due to acute scarcity of traditional/conventional road construction materials. A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) with various blended mixes of traditional/conventional aggregates in subbase layer with different percentages. This study also presents the result of experimental investigation on the influence of Rice husk ash (RHA) on the index properties of Red soil which is used as filler material in subbase layer. Key words: California bearing ratio (CBR), Granular Subbase (GSB), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), Rice husk ash (RHA). Reference [1] Ahmed Ebrahim Abu El-Maaty Behiry,"Evaluation of steel slag and crushed limestone mixtures as subbase material in flexible pavement," in Elsevier, Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2013) 4, 43–53. [2] Sinha A.K, Havanagi A.K, Ranjan A and Mathur S," Steel slag waste material for the construction of road," in Indian Highways, October 2013,pp13-20. [3] Sudhir Mathur, S. K. Soni, And A.V.S.R. Murty, "Utilization of Industrial Wastes such as various slag's in Low-Volume Roads", (TRR 1652). [4] Rafat Siddique, Deepinder Kaur,"Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures", Journal of Advanced Research (2012) 3, 45–51. [5] Perviz Ahmedzade, Burak Sengoz,"Evaluation of steel slag coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete", Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (2009) 300–305. U Arun Kumar, K V Subrahmanyam	61-64
14.	Body Heat Powered Flashlight Using LTC3108 Body Heat Powered Flashlight Using LTC3108 Abstract: The Abstract deals with the proper usage of unused energy generated by humans in the form of heat by making it in glowing a Flashlight. Thereby the Flashlight runs solely on the heat of human palm without using any batteries. Index Terms: Heat Sink, Linear IC, Peltier Tiles, Stepup Transformer Reference [1] ThePhysicsFactbook:http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/IgorFridman.shtml [2] LairdThermoelectric:http://www.lairdtech.com/Products/ThermalManagementSolutions/Thermoelectric-Modules/ [3] DavidSalerno, Ultralow Voltage Energy Harvester Uses Thermoelectric Generator for Battery Free Wireless Sensors; Journal of Analog Innovation, October 2010 [4] LinearTechnlogies:www.lineartechnologies.com [5] Futurlec:http://www.futurlec.com/Transistors/J310pr.shtml B Ranjith Reddy	94-97
15.	Control the Stability and Steady State When the Elevator Reached the Requested Level Control the Stability and Steady State When the Elevator Reached the Requested Level Abstract: This paper presenta project on design and implementation of a PLC-based controller for a 4-level elevator Feedback system. The PLC used is a Siemens with 24 inputs and 16 outputs. The design incorporates an intelligent controller that solving the stability and balance, based on algorithm and PID software solution. Some farthersuggestions on how to extend the program for control the system are offered. Key words: Elevator control; PLC control; Siemens LOGO; Feedback elevator system. Reference [1] 3 I. Warnock, Programmable Controllers (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988). [2] 4 J. W. Webb, Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications (Macmillan, New York, 1988).	98-105
16.	Studying and Comparing Sensing Capability of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Adsorption of O₂ and N₂ Gases Using DFT Studying and Comparing Sensing Capability of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Adsorption of O₂ and N₂ Gases Using DFT Abstract: In this study sensing capability of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), of both zigzag (5, 0) and armchair (4, 4) models were investigated for adsorption of O₂ and N₂ molecules were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method. Using this computational method, it is possible to obtain much more data to apply in medical science and industrial technologies. Geometrical optimization have carried out using standard set and B3LYP/6-311G* basis set of Gaussian 98 program. Those parts of SWCNT which have demonstrated more contribution in adsorption energy, ΔE_ads (eV) were studied and compared. Electronic configurations were discussed and the results were interpreted. Key words: Adsorption energy, DFT method, Gaussian program, sensing capability, SWCNTs Reference [1] S. Ijima, T. Ichihashi, Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter, Nature, Vol. 363 (1993), 603. [2] Y.T. Jang, S.I. Moon, J.H. Ahn, Y.H. Lee, B.K. Ju, A simple approach in fabricating chemical sensor using laterally grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Sens. Actuators, B 99 (2004) 118. [3] L. Valentini, C. Cantalini, I. Armentano, J.M. Kenny, L. Lozzi, S. Santucci, Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensors Based on carbon Nanotubes Thin films for Molecular Detection, Diamond Relat. Mater., Vol. 13 (2004) 130. [4] A.S. Ghasemi1, F. Aashrafi, Adsorption 17O, 15N and CO molecules on the surface of SWCNT: A Computational NMR study, Inter. J. ChemTech Research, Vol.4, No.4 (2012) 1295. [5] F. Ashrafi, S.A. Babanegad and A.S. Ghasemi, Comparison of Adsorption of Nitrogen and Oxygen- Molecules on the Open Ended and Surface of Swcnts: A Computational NMR and NQR Study, Research J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Tech., Vol. 4 (7) (2012) 795. Fereydoun Ashrafi	106-109
17.	Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder Block Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder Block Abstract: Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc. Key words: automated Rotary Cage, Computer Aided Fixture Design (CAFXD, The Feature Based Modeller (FBM), PLC circuit, poka-yoke, 3D CAD model, S/n ratio Reference [1] International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology archive Volume 24 Issue 3, July 2005 [2] Gandhi, M.V. and B.S. Thompson. Automated Design of Modular Fixtures for Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 5(4), Pp.243-252. 1986. [3] Asada, H. and A.B. By. Kinematic Analysis of Workpart Fixturing for Flexible Assembly with Automatically Reconfigurable Fixtures. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 1(2), pp. 86-94. 1985. [4] Chou, Y.C. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures. Int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vo1.7, No.3, pp175-185. 1994. [5] Cogun, C. The Importance of the Application Sequence of Clamping Forces. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, Vol. 114, pp. 539-543. 1992. [6] DeMeter, E.C. Restraint Analysis of Fixtures which Rely on Surface Contact. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 116(2), pp. 207-215. 1994a. Y.S.Kapnichor, V.V.Patil, P.D.Shende	110-115
18.	CFD Analysis of Plate Fin Tube Heat Exchanger for Various Fin Inclinations CFD Analysis of Plate Fin Tube Heat Exchanger for Various Fin Inclinations Abstract: ANSYS Fluent software is used for three dimensional CFD simulations to investigate heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of six different fin angles with plain fin tube heat exchangers. The numerical simulation of the fin tube heat exchanger was performed by using a three dimensional numerical computation technique. Geometry of model is created and meshed by using ANSYS Workbench software. To solve the equation for the fluid flow and heat transfer analysis ANSYS FLUENT was used in the fin-tube heat exchanger. The fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated and result compared for both laminar and turbulent flow models k-epsilon and SST k-omega, with steady state solvers to calculate heat transfer, flow velocity and temperature fields of variable inclined fin angles (Ɵ = 0⁰,10⁰ , 20⁰, 30⁰, 40⁰,50⁰). Model is validate by comparing the simulated value of velocity, temperature and colburn factor with experimental and numerical results investigated by WANG [1] and GHORI KIRAR [10]. Reasonable agreement is found between the simulations and other results, and the ANSYS Fluent software is sufficient for simulating the flow fields in tube fin heat exchanger. Key words: Plate fin Heat Exchanger, Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD), ANSYS Work Bench, FLUENT. Reference [1] CC. Wang An experimental study of heat transfer and friction characteristics of typical louver fin-and-tube heat exchangers International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Volume 41, Issues 4–5, February–March 1998, Pages 817-822 [2] CC. Wang, Chi-Chuan; Chang, Yu-Juei; Hsieh, Yi-Chung; Lin, Yur-Tsai (1996). ―Sensible heat and friction characteristics of plate fin-tube heat exchangers having plane fins‖, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 19, No. 4: pp. 223-230. [3] Chi-Chuan Wang, Kuan-Yu Chi (2000). Heat transfer and friction characteristics of plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers, part I: new experimental data, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43: 2681–2691 [4] Erek, Aytunc; Õzerdem, Baris; Bilir, Levent; Ilken, Zafer(2005). ‖Effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of plate fin and tube heat exchangers‖, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25: pp. 2421-2431. [5] Rich DG, 1973, The Effect of Fin Spacing on The Heat Transfer and Friction Performance of Multi-row, Smooth Plate Fin-and-tube Heat Exchangers. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineer, 81(1): 307-317. Subodh Bahirat, P. V. Joshi	116-125
19.	Implementation for Controller to Unified Single Phase Power Flow Using Digital Signal Processor (DSP)-TMS320C31 Implementation for Controller to Unified Single Phase Power Flow Using Digital Signal Processor (DSP)-TMS320C31 Abstract: Presenting in his paper, Digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of a single phase unified power flow controller (UPFC). For shunt side and series side An efficient UPFC control algorithm is achieved. Discussing the laboratory experimental results using DC source are taken as an UPFC linked by two ll-bridge PWM voltage source converters. Key words: algorithm, power flow, controller, experiment Reference [1] L. Gyugyi et al., "The Unified Power Flow Controller: A New Approach To Power Transmission Control." IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1085 – 1097, April 1995. [2] C.D. Schauder et al., "Operation of the Unified Power Flow Controller Under Practical Constraints," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 630 – 639, Apr. 1998. [3] Kalyan K. Sen and Eric J. Stacey, "UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller: Theory, Modeling, and Applications," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1453 – 1460, October 1998. [4] H.A. Abdelsalam, M. Abdelkrim, G.E.M. Aly, and K.M. Shebl, "Using UPFC for Power Flow Control and Dynamic Stability," Tenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON'2005) Dec. 13-15, 2005, Port Fouad, Port Said, Egypt. [5] S. Mobin, E. Hiraki, H. Takano and M. Nakaoka, "Simulation Method for DSP-Controlled Active PFC High-Frequency Power Converters," IEEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., vol. 147, No. 3, pp. 159-165, May 2000. Abdul Aziz Mohammed Al Buaijan, Yasser Hassan Al Haddad	126-135
20.	A Review: Compensation of Mismatches in Time Interleaved Analog to Digital Converters A Review: Compensation of Mismatches in Time Interleaved Analog to Digital Converters Abstract: The execution of today's correspondence frameworks is exceedingly subject to the utilized Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs), and with a specific end goal to give more flexibility and exactness to the developing correspondence innovations, superior-ADCs are needed. In this respect, the time-interleaved operation of an exhibit of ADCs (TI-ADC) might be a sensible result. A TI-ADC can build its throughput by utilizing M channel ADCs or sub converters in parallel and examining the data motion in a period-interleaved way. In any case, the execution of a TI-ADC gravely suffers from the bungles around the channel ADCs. In this paper we survey the advancement in the configuration of low-intricacy advanced remedy structures and calculations for time-interleaved ADCs in the course of the most recent five years. We devise a discrete-time model, state the outline issue, and finally infer the calculations and structures. Specifically, we examine proficient calculations to outline time-differing remedy filters and additionally iterative structures using polynomial based filters. Thusly, the remuneration structure may be utilized to repay time-differing recurrence reaction befuddles in time-interleaved ADCs, and in addition to remake uniform examples from nonuniformly tested indicators. We examine the recompense structure, research its execution, and exhibit requisition zones of the structure through various illustrations. At long last, we give a standpoint to future examination questions. Index Terms: Analog-to-digital converter, compensation, frequency response mismatches, reconstruction, time-inter- leaved, time-varying filter. Reference [1] W. C. Black Jr. and D. A. Hodges, ―Time-interleaved converter arrays,‖ IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1024–1029, December 1980. [2] ―Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception,‖ LTE Technical Specifica- tion Release 10 3GPP TS 36.101 V10.0.0, October 2010. [3] B. Murmann, C. Vogel, and H. Koeppl, ―Digitally enhanced analog circuits: System aspects,‖ in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008., 2008, pp. 560–563. [4] S. Henzler, ―Digitalization of mixed-signal functionality in nanometer technologies,‖ in 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), November 2010, pp. 252–255. [5] C. Vogel, ―The impact of combined channel mismatch effects in time- interleaved ADCs,‖ IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Mea- surement, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 415–427, February 2005. Shivlal Mishra, Prof. Rashmi Pandey	136-140
21.	Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cycle for Use in Geothermal Power Plant Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cycle for Use in Geothermal Power Plant Abstract: The global energy demand increases with the economic growth and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining. In addition to this harmful combustion byproducts are resulting global warming. However, the increase of environmental concerns and energy crisis can be minimized by sustainable utilization of the low to medium temperature heat resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. Heat exchangers are the main components of the Organic Rankine Cycle power plant which receives heat energy from the heat source to evaporate and condense the low boiling temperature organic working fluid which in turn drives the turbine to generate power. This paper presents a simplified approach to the design, fabrication and performance assessment of a shell tube heat exchanger designed for condenser in a model Organic Rankine Cycle geothermal power plant. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (condenser) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the condenser of the model power plant. Key words: Shell tube heat Exchanger, Heat transfer Co-efficient, LMTD Reference [1] A. Hadidi, "A new design approach for shell and tube heat exchangers using competitive algorithm (ICA) from economic point of view," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 67, pp. 66 - 74, 2013 [2] S. Vangapally, "Design, Fabrication and Testing of FRP shell Counter-flow heat Exchanger," International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), vol. 3. 2014. [3] R. K. Shah, "Heat Exchangers" University of Kentueky [4] H.D. Madhawa Hettiarachchi, "Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources," Energy, vol. 32, pp 1698-1706,2007 [5] Bambang P., "Model of Binary Cycle Power Plant using Brine as thermal Energy Source and Development Potential in Sibayaka," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Science IJECS-IJENS, vol. 11, pp. 02. Haile Araya Nigusse, Hiram M. Ndiritu, Robert Kiplimo	141-147
22.	Experimental Study on Performance of Concrete M30 with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Sea Shells and Coconut Shells Experimental Study on Performance of Concrete M30 with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Sea Shells and Coconut Shells Abstract: In this research work experiments have been conducted with collection of materials required and the data required for mix design are obtained by sieve analysis and specific gravity test. Sieve analysis is carried out from various fine aggregates (FA) and coarse aggregates (CA) samples and the sample which suits the requirement is selected. Specific gravity tests are carried out for fine and coarse aggregate. The various materials used were tested as per Indian standard specifications. On the basis of the experimental studies carried out on M30 grade concrete as partial replacement of coarse aggregates with sea shells and coconut shells, the following conclusions are drawn from the above experiment we conclude that comparing to traditional concrete, compressive strength of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells (5%) and sea shells (5%) increased. whereas the compressive strength of the concrete cubes has gradually decreased from addition of 10% (5% + 5%) of coconut shells and sea shells. Hence for economical view 10% is preferable and in the perspective of compressive strength 10% is suggested. Thus, 10% replacement coconut shells and sea shells are recommended for both heavy weight and light weight concrete production. Key words: aggregate, coconut shells (c s), compressive strength, sea shells (s s), Reference [1] Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregates" M. Sekar, L.M. Poornima.M [2] Lightweight concrete mix design using coconut shell aggregate"- Gunasekaran K and Kumar P.S. Proceedings of the building materials, structural designs and construction practices, pp375-382.O.T. [3] Olateju,(1992) The efficacy of lightweight aggregate from palm kernel shells", Journal of Housing Science (4), pp. 263–276. [4] Exploratory Study of Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Works" A. P. Adewuyi and T. Adegoke -ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, December 2008. Gurikini Lalitha, Dr. C. Krishna Raju	148-151
23.	A Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Model for Cash Flow Management A Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Model for Cash Flow Management Abstract: Although significant research work has been conducted on cash flow forecast, planning, and management, the objective is constantly the maximization of profit/final cash balance, or minimization of total project cost. This paper presents a multi-objective fuzzy linear programming model (FLP) for resolving the optimization problem of three conflicting objectives: final cash balance, cost of money, and initial cash balance. The proposed model depends on Jiang et al. (2011) Model. In the new formulation, both the advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment one period were considered. Literature concerned with cash flow studies and models for construction projects was reviewed. Fuzzy linear programming applications in literature was presented and it's concept was then described. Jiang et al. (2011) Model is presented. The proposed model development was then presented. The proposed model was validated using an example project. An optimization of each individual objective was performed with a linear programming (LP) software (Lindo) that gave the upper and lower bounds for the multi-objective analysis. Fuzzy linear programming was then applied to optimize the solution. Four cases are considered: considering advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment one period simultaneously, then separately, and neglecting advanced payment and delay of owner's progress payment. Penalty of delayed payment have been also considered. Analysis of the results revealed that the model is an effective decision making tool to be used by industry practitioners with reasonable accuracy. Key words: fuzzy linear programming; final cash balance; cost of money; initial cash balance; advanced payment; delay of payment. Reference [1] Liu, Y., Zayed, T. and Li, S. 2009 .Cash flow analysis of construction projects, in proc. of 2nd International 8th Construction Specialty Conference, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, May 27-30. [2] Al-Issa, A. and Zayed, T. 2007. Projects cash flow factors-contractor perspective, Construction Research Congress (CRC) conference, ASCE, Bahamas, May 5-8. [3] Singh, S.; Lakanathan, G. 1992. Computer based cash flow model, in Proc. of the 36th Annual Trans., American Association of Cost Engineers, Morgantown, VA, R 5.1-R 5.14. [4] Jiang, A., Issa, R.R. A. and Malek, M. 2011. Construction project cash flow planning using the pareto optimality efficiency network mode, J. Civil Eng. and Manage., 17:4, PP.510-519. [5] Park, H.K. 2004, Cash flow forecasting in construction project, J. Civil Eng., Vol. 8, no.3, PP. 265-271. A. M. El-Kholy	152-163
24.	Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of g-Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Alcohols Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigations of g-Butyrolactone with Aliphatic Alcohols Abstract: Densities (r) and speeds of sound (u) have been determined for the binary liquid mixtures of -butyrolactone (GBL) with 1-propanol (1-Pro), 2-propanol (2-Pro), 1-butanol (1-But) and 2-butanol (2-But) at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K and entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess molar volume (V^E), and deviation in isentropic compressibility (s) were calculated. The computed properties have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and standard deviations. Key words: -Butyrolactone, Aliphatic alcohols, Excess molar volume, Deviation in isentropic compressibility Reference [1]. Sathyanarayana B, Ranjith Kumar B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 39, 2007, 16. [2]. Satyanarayana N, Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 52, 2007, 405. [3]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 38, 2006, 272. [4]. Sathyanarayana B, Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 44, 2006, 587. [5]. Savitha Jyostna T, Satyanarayana N. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 50, 2005, 89. Amara Jyothi Koppula, Satyanarayana Nallani, Sathyanarayana Boodida	164-167
25.	OPERATION & CONTROL OF SMART GRID CONNECTED PV- FC HYBRID POWER SYSTEMD OPERATION & CONTROL OF SMART GRID CONNECTED PV- FC HYBRID POWER SYSTEMD Abstract: This paper presents a method to operate and control a grid connected hybrid power system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes Index Terms: Distributed generation, fuel cell, hybrid system, micro grid, photovoltaic, power management. Reference [1] J.L. Del Monaco, The role of distributed generation in the critical electrical power infrastructure, in: Proceedings of the Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting IEEE, vol. 1, 2001, 144-145 [2] Loc Nguyen Khanh, Student Member, IEEE, Jae-Jin Seo, Yun-Seong Kim, and Dong-Jun Won, Member, IEEE," Power-Management Strategies for a Grid-Connected PV-FC Hybrid System ,vol 25, no.3 July 2010 [3] T.A. Short, Electric Power Distribution Handbook, CRC Press, 2004. [4] "A guide to photovoltaic (PV) system design and installation" 2001 by Endecon Engineering [5] S. Gilbert, The nation's largest fuel cell project, a 1MW fuel cell power plant deployed as a distributed generation resource, anchorage, Alaska project dedication 9 August 2000, in: Proceeding of the Rural electric Power Conference, 2001, pp. A4/1-A4/8 Saritha, B. M. Manjunatha	168-176
26.	Hepatoprotective Activity of Cinnamon Zeylanicum Leaves against Alcohol Induced Albino Rats Hepatoprotective Activity of Cinnamon Zeylanicum Leaves against Alcohol Induced Albino Rats Abstract: Plants play an important role in the life of human, as the major source of food, as well as for the maintenance and improvement of health and for the elimination of the enemies since ages. Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueos extract of aerial parts of Cinnamon zeylanicum are evaluated in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The aqueos extract of aerial parts of Cinnamon zeylanicum have shown very significant hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and GGT and levels of total bilirubin and total protein were investigated and showed an increase in alcohol induced rats when compared to control. The extracts of the test plant exhibited significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity against the alcohol induced liver models by improving liver function which was indicated by reduction in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and total protein. Key words: Cinnamon zeylanicum, hepatoprotective, Silymarin and protein. Reference [1] Alareon de la Lastra, C., Martin, M.J., Lacasa, C., and Motilva, V., 1994. Anti ulcerogenicity of the flavonoid fraction from Bidensaurea: Comparison with ranitidine and Omeprazole. J. Ethnopharmacol., 42: 161-168. [2] Al-Yahya, M.A., Rafatullah, S., Mossa, J.S., Ageel, A.M., Al-Said, M.S., and Tariq, M., 1990. Gastric antisecretory, antiulcer and cytoprotectie properties of ethanlic extract of Alpinia galangal wild in rats. Phytother. Res., 4: 112-114. [3] Baranano, D.E., Rao, M., Ferris, C.D., and Synder, S.H., 2002. Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99(25): 160-198. [4] Barouki, R., Chobert, M.N., Finidori, J., Aggerbeck, M., Nalpas, B., and Hanoune, J., 1983. Ethanol effects in a rat hepatoma cell line: induction of gamma-lutamyltransferase. Hepatology, 3(3): 323-339 [5] Choudhury, B.R., and Poddar, M.K., 1983. Effect of Kalmegh extract on rat liver and serum enzymes. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 5(10): 727-730. K.Arun, S.Suguna, U. Balasubramanian, Mashitah M.Yusoff, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, P.Serfoji, Natanamurugaraj Govindan	177-184
27.	Mechanical Behavior of Areca Fiber and Maize Powder Hybrid Composites Mechanical Behavior of Areca Fiber and Maize Powder Hybrid Composites Abstract: Natural fibers are gaining the interest in packaging, domestic, low cost housing and other general applications. In this work the mechanical properties of randomly distributed areca fiber and maize powder reinforced phenol formaldehyde were studied. From the results Youngs modulus is maximum found in 300 ml of resin. The maximum tensile strength is for 300B composite plate. The maximum Young's modulus for 300B is 135MPa, for bending strength of various composite plates, the composite plate with 400 ml PF resin shows the maximum bending load compared to other composite plates. The composite plate of 400C shows the maximum bending load compared to other composite plates. The maximum bending load for 400C composite plate is 0.854 kN. The adhesive tensile strength increases with decrease in Areca fiber and increase in maize powder up to 700 gms of Areca and 300 gms of maize powder. Later the adhesive tensile strength decreases with decrease in Areca fiber and increase in maize powder. Maximum adhesive tensile stress is 0.137 MPa for 400B composite plate compared to remaining composite plates. Key words: Areca fiber, Maize powder, composites, Phenol formaldehyde. Reference [1] Sherely Annie Paul, Abderrahim Boudenne, Laurent Ibos, Yves Candau, Kuruvilla Joseph and Sabu Thomas. Effect of fiber loading and chemical treatments on thermophysical properties of banana fiber/polypropylene commingled composite materials, Composites: Part A 39 (2008) 1582–1588. [2] R.P.Swamy, G.C.Mohan Kumar, Y. V rushabhendrappa and Vince Joseph, "Study of areca reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites " Vol 23, 2004, Journal of reinforced plastics and composites [3] N. Sgriccia, M.C. Hawley and M. Misra. Characterization of natural fiber surfaces and natural fiber composites, Composites: Part A 39 (2008) 1632–1637. [4] Srinivasa chikkol venkateshappa, Basavaraju bannehalli, Mounesh Gadde Kenchappa and Raghu Patel Gowda Rangangowda. Flexure of Areca Composites, BioResource 5(3), 1846-1858. [5] S. Mukhopadhyay and R. Srikanta. Effect of ageing of sisal fibres on properties of sisal – Polypropylene composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 (2008) 2048–205. Kishan Naik, R P Swamy	185-189
28.	AODV Improvement by Modification at Source Node and Securing It from Black Hole Attack. AODV Improvement by Modification at Source Node and Securing It from Black Hole Attack. Abstract: MANETS suffer from constraints in power, storage and computational resources ,as a result, they are more vulnerable to various communications security related attacks. therefore we attempt to focus on analyzing and improving the security of routing protocol for MANETS viz. the Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)routing protocol. We propose modifications to the AODV we propose an algorithm to counter the Black hole attack on the routing protocols in MANETs. All the routes has unique sequence number and the malicious node has the highest Destination Sequence number and it is the first RREP to arrive. So the comparison is made only to the first entry in the table without checking other entries in the table Key words: AODV, Black hole, receive reply, sequence number, routing table Reference [1] International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 8, ISSN 2250-3153, August 2012 . [2] Gianni A. Di Caro, Frederick Ducatelle, Luca M. Gambardella. "A simulation study of routing performance in realistic urban scenarios for MANETs". In: Proceedings of ANTS 6thInternational Workshop on Ant Algorithms and Swarm Intelligence, Brussels, Springer, LNCS 5217, 2008. [3] F. Maan, Y. Abbas, N. Mazharg," Vulnerability Assessment of AODV and SAODV Routing Protocols Against Network routing Attacks and Performance Comparisons" National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), wireless advanced2011. [4] K. Lakshmi, S.Manju Priya, A. Jeevarathinam, K. Rama, K. Thilagam, Lecturer, "Modified AODV Protocol against Blackhole Attacks in MANET", Coimbatore, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 (6), 2010. [5] Rajesh J. Nagar, KajalS. Patel,"Securing AODV Protocol against Blackhole Attacks" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp.1116-1120Jan-Feb 2012. Debarati Roy Choudhury, Dr. Leena Ragha, Mr Nilesh Marathe	190-195
29.	Design and Implementation of Digital PLL using Self Correcting DCO System Design and Implementation of Digital PLL using Self Correcting DCO System Abstract: The mainstay of the paper is to use a PLL using self healing pre-scalar. When a CMOS technology approaches to a nanometer scale, the non-idealities like variability and leakage current may affect the circuit performances. The process variability leads to the large variations to degrade the device matching and performances. The leakage current is highly dependent upon the process variations. In the existing method the key parameter is to be change the modulus value of the pre- scalar. By changing the value of the pre-scalar the PLL frequency range will be extended. In the proposed design we are planning to implement the digital PLL technique with self correcting DCO. The structure utilizes the DDR synthesizer as a base for generating the DCO frequency, so many methods are there to correct the DCO errors , here we detect the error or delay and correct it by using smooth jumping method. The DPLL varies from minimum system clock frequency 60 to 1489 MHZ (Minimum) maximum of GHZ frequency of any range we can generate, since our design act as a general platform for any kind of application. Key words: DCO, Delay Detector, Frequency Divider, Self Healing, Signal Shaping Circuit. Reference [1] L. L. Lewyn, T. Ytterdal, C. Wulff, and K. Martin, "Analog circuit design in nanoscale CMOS technologies," Proc. IEEE, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1687–1714, Oct. 2009. [2] J. M. Wang, Y. Cao, M. Chen, J. Sun, and A. Mitev, "Capturing device mismatch in analog and mixed-signal designs," IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 137–144, Dec. 2008. [3] K. Agawa, H. Hara, T. Takayanagi, and T. Kuroda, "A bitline leakage compensation scheme for low-voltage SRAMs," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 726–734, May 2001. [4] "A Digitally Controlled PLL for SoC Applications" Thomas Olsson, and Peter Nilsson IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 39, NO. 5, MAY 2004 751 [5] "An All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop with 50-Cycle Lock Time Suitable for High-Performance Microprocessors" Jim Dunning,, Gerald Garcia, Jim Lundberg, and Ed Nuckolls, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 30, NO. 4, APRIL 1995 M.Mohan Babu, P.Sree Kavya	196-199

Tenser Product of Representation for the Group Cn