Peer Reviewed Journal

Provider Aware Anonymization Algorithm for Preserving M - Privacy

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the collaborative data publishing problem for anonymizing horizontally partitioned data at multiple data providers. We consider a new type of "insider attack" by colluding data providers who may use their own data records (a subset of the overall data) in addition to the external background knowledge to infer the data records contributed by other data providers. The paper addresses this new threat and makes several contributions. First, we introduce the notion of m-privacy, which guarantees that the anonymized data satisfies a given privacy constraint against any group of up to m colluding data providers. Second, we present heuristic algorithms exploiting the equivalence group monotonicity of privacy constraints and adaptive ordering techniques for efficiently checking m-privacy given a set of records. Finally, we present a data provider-aware anonymization algorithm with adaptive m- privacy checking strategies to ensure high utility and m-privacy of anonymized data with efficiency. Experiments on real-life datasets suggest that our approach achieves better or comparable utility and efficiency than existing and baseline algorithms while providing m-privacy guarantee.

Reference
[1] C. Dwork, "Differential privacy: a survey of results," in Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conf. on Theory and Applications of Models of Computation, 2008, pp. 1–19.
[2] B. C. M. Fung, K. Wang, R. Chen, and P. S. Yu, "Privacy-preserving data publishing: A survey of recent developments," ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 42, pp. 14:1–14:53, June 2010.
[3] C. Dwork, "A firm foundation for private data analysis," Commun. ACM, vol. 54, pp. 86–95, January 2011.
[4] N. Mohammed, B. C. M. Fung, P. C. K. Hung, and C. Lee, "Centralized and distributed anonymization for high-dimensional healthcare data," ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD), vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 18:1–18:33, October 2010.
[5] W. Jiang and C. Clifton, "Privacy-preserving distributed k-anonymity," in Data and Applications Security XIX, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005, vol. 3654, pp. 924–924.

Railway Ticket Counter Problem With STM

Abstract: The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. One such drawback is that locks should be only used to enclose the critical section of the parallel-processing code. If locks are used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code drastically decreases..

Key words: Parallel Programming; Multiprocessing; Locks; Transactions; Software Transactional Memory .

Reference
[1] Simon Peyton Jones, "Beautiful concurrency".
[2] Elan Dubrofsky, "A Survey Paper on Transactional Memory".
[3] Pascal Felber, Christof Fetzer, Torvald Riegel, "Dynamic Performance Tuning of Word-Based Software Transactional Memory".
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_memory
[5] James Larus and Christos Kozyrakis. "Transactional Memory"

Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission Pricing

Abstract: Congestion Management is one of the major tasks performed by system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In the emerging electric power market, the congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose a barrier to the electricity trading. In the present paper, a concept of transmission congestion penalty factors is developed and implemented to control power overflows in transmission lines for congestion management. Here we presents a Re-dispatch methodology for cost of transmission network to its user. The transmission price computation considers the physical impact caused by the market agents in the transmission network. The paper includes case study for IEEE 5 bus power system.

Key words: Optimal power flow, Congestion Management.

Reference
[1] Ashish Saini and A.K. Saxena, " Optimal Power Flow based Congestion Management Methods for Competative Electricity Markets" International journal of computer and electrical engineering February 2010.
[2] Surachai Chaitusaney and Bundhit Eua-Arporn, " Generation Dispatch with Pool and Bilateral Coordination" IEEE Transaction on power system,2002.
[3] Thailo Kruase, "Evaluation of Transmission Pricing Methods for Liberalized Markets" July 2003.
[4] Kai Xie,Yong-Hua Song,John Stonham,Erkeng Yu and Guangyi Liu, "Decomposition Model and Interior Point Methods for Optimal Spot Pricing of Electricity in Deregulation Environments" IEEE Transaction on power system, Vol. 15,pp. no.39-50,2000.
[5] G.B.Shrestha, and P.A. J. Fonseka, "Congestion-Driven Transmission Expansion in Competitive Power Markets", IEEE Transaction on power system, Vol .19 No.3,pp. no.1658-1665,2004.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia

Abstract: Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature.

Key words: Cascade refrigeration system, Optimization, Coefficient of performance, Operating parameters, Correlation,

Reference
[1] G. Lorentz, and J. Petterson, "A new efficient and environmentally benign system for car air conditioning", International Journal of Refrigeration, 16 (1), pp. 4-12, 1993.
[2] P.Neksa. H. Rekstad, R. Zakeri, and P. Schiefloe, "CO2 –heat pump water heater :characteristics, system design and experimental results" , International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (3) pp. 172-179, 1998.
[3] Y. Hwang, R. Radermacher, "Experimental investigation of the carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle", ASHRAE Trans 105 (1), pp. 1219-1227, (1999).
[4] P.Hrnjak, M. Richeter, S. Song , M. Kim, and C. Bullard, "Transcritical co2 heat pump for residential application", Fourth IIR-Gustav Lorentzen conference on natural working fluids at purdue pp. 9-16, 2006.
[5] S. Bhattacharya, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Kumar, R. Khurana, and J. Sarkar, "Optimization of a CO2-C3H8 cascade system for refrigeration and heating" , International Journal of Refrigeration 28 pp. 1284-1292, 2005.

Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short Channel Effect over Bulk MOSFET at 20nm

Abstract: An aggressive scaling of conventional MOSFETs channel length reduces below 100nm and gate oxide thickness below 3nm to improved performance and packaging density. Due to this scaling short channel effect (SCEs) like threshold voltage, Subthreshold slope, ON current and OFF current plays a major role in determining the performance of scaled devices. The double gate (DG) MOSFETS are electro-statically superior to a single gate (SG) MOSFET and allows for additional gate length scaling. Simulation work on both devices has been carried out and presented in paper. The comparative study had been carried out for threshold voltage (V_T), Subthreshold slope (Sub V_T), I_ON and I_OFF Current. It is observed that DG MOSFET provide good control on leakage current over conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. The V_T (Threshold Voltage) is 2.7 times greater than & I_ON of DG MOSFET is 2.2 times smaller than the conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET.

Key words: DG MOSFET (Double Gate Metal oxide Field Effect Transistor), Short Channel Effect (SCE), Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET.

Reference
[1] Mr. Sanjay Chopade & M. Shashank Mane " Design of DG-CNFET For Reduction of Short Channel Effect Over DG MOSFET at 20nm " IEEE Trans., December 2013
[2] Santosh Kumar Gupta et al "Simulation and Analysis of Gate Engineered Triple Metal Double Gate (TM-DG) MOSFET for Diminished Short Channel Effects" IJAST, Vol. 38, January, 2012
[3] A. S. I. Association, "Itrs - international technology roadmap for semiconductor," 2003.
[4] "1965 – "Moore's Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated Circuits". Computer History Museum.
[5] Kaushik Roy, Kiat Seng Yeo (2004). Low Voltage, Low Power VLSI Subsystems. McGraw-Hill Professional.,p. 4 & 44. ISBN 0-07-143786-X.

Experimental Study, Simulation and Model Predictions of Recycled PET Strip-Reinforced Concrete Flexion Members

Abstract: This study presents results from a theoretical-experimental program of beams partially pre-stressed made with continuous recycled PET strip-reinforced concrete (plain concrete strength of 20 MPa). These studies mainly attempted to determine the stripinfluence in altering the flexural strength at first and final crack. Also the load-deflection, ductility, energy absorption capacity of the beams are observed and the studies can be used in predicting the flexural behavior of longitudinally reinforced concrete. The model theory assumes that concrete has a tensile load capacity different from zero, characterized by a uniaxial tensile stress-strain diagram. The need for non-linear geometric and the material models imply the use of numerical methods such as the finite element method; so that, a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam with strips-reinforced plastic is performed. The obtained results were compared with computer analysis and experimental data to corroborate the validity of the suggested method, showing that the theory also predicts correctly the post-cracking creep deformation.

Key words: Reinforced concrete, Finite element method, Mechanical properties, Prediction model, Recycled PET strips

Reference
[1] S Kim, N Yi, H Kim, J Kim andY Song, Material and structural performance evaluation of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete,Cement and Concrete Composite, (32), 2010, 232-240.
[2] C Juarez, B Guevara, P Valdez and ADurn- Herrera, Mechanical properties of natural fibers reinforced sustainable masonry, Construction Building Materials, (24), 2010, 1536-1541.
[3] R Siddique, J Khatib andI Kaur, Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review,Waste Management, (28), 2008, 1835-1852.
[4] Y Choi, D Moon, Y Kim andM Lachemi, Characteristics of mortar and concrete containing fine aggregate manufactured from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles. Construction Building Materials, (23), 2009, 2829-2835.
[5] F Mahdi, H Abbas and A Khan, Strength characteristics of polymer mortar and concrete using different compositions of resins derived from post-consumer PET bottles.Construction Building Materials, (24), 2010, 25-36.

Analysis of the Flexure Behavior and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Core Sandwiched Composite Material

Abstract: In this paper, commercially available Fly Ash and Epoxy is used for the core material, woven glass fabric as reinforcing skin material, epoxy as matrix/adhesive materials used in this study for the construction of sandwich composite. Analysis is carried out on different proportions of epoxy and fly ash sandwiched composite material for determining the flexural strength and compressive strength, three different proportions of epoxy and fly ash used for the study. Those are 65%-35% (65% by weight fly ash and 35% by weight epoxy resin) composite material, 60%-40% and 55%-45% composite material. 60%-40% composite material specimen shows better results in the entire test carried out i.e. Flexure and Compression. The complete experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper.

Key words: Fly ash, Epoxy resin, compressive strength, flexural strength.

Reference
[1] Ahmad and Mahanwar, "The effect of fly ash as filler on the mechanical properties of HDPE", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 41 2010
[2] Kurt Feichtinger, "The properties of identical laminate builds comprising two piles of 1808 E-glass fabric", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006.
[3] K.N. Shivakumar, "Fabrication of two composite laminated panels and one composite sandwich using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 22, 2000.
[4] Enrico Papa, "Experimental investigation into the mechanical behavior of a composite sandwich", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2001.
[5] Kunigal Shivakumar, "The mechanical and fire resistant properties of a commercial material", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 137, 2007

Impact of APFC Panel at LT Side of Transformer

Abstract: The Development of automatic sensing technologies have significantly advanced in recent years in electrical systems.One of them is Automatic Power Factor Correction(APFC)Panels.It is very difficult to maintain consistent power factor by using fixed capacitors because they need to be operated manually which may result in over voltages,saturation of transformers etc. that may lead to the interruption in the power supply of the distribution system.APFC Panels automatically varies according to the load requirements on the L.T side i.e. distribution side which compensates the load requirements.Impact of automatic power factor correction panels (APFC) at L.T side of a transformer are discussed which are inductive in nature.

Key words: APFC Panels, Power Factor, Inductive, Fixed capacitors, Power factor correction.

Reference
[1] "Performance of insulation systems for low voltage APFC panels during temperature rise test at elevated ambient temperatures" V.Vaidhyanathan,T.BhavaniShankar,G.Govinda Rao,H.N.Nagamani,2012 IEEE 10TH
[2] International Standard IEC 60831-1, Shunt power capacitors of the self healing type for ac systems having rated voltage up to and including 1000 V.
[3] International Standard IEC 60831-2, Shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for ac systems having a rated voltage up to and including 1000 V Part:2 Ageing test, Self-healing test and destruction test.
[4] H. N. Nagamani et.al, "Experience of CPRI in performance evaluation of power capacitors of unit rating up to 1000 kvar", 7lhInternational Seminar on Capacitors(CAPACIT 2010), pp. IV 1-13, Jan 2010, Mumbai, India.

CFD Studies of Split Injection on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics in DI Diesel Engine

Abstract: In this study, the effect of split injection on the combustion and emissions in DI diesel engine is investigated using CFD tool .One of the important problems in reducing pollutant emission from diesel engines is trade-off between soot and NOx. Split injection is one of the most powerful tools that decrease soot and NOx emissions simultaneously. Split injection is defined as splitting the main single injection profile in two or more injection pulses with definite delay dwell between the injections. A four-stroke, single cylinder, diesel engine was taken into consideration at constant speed conditions . A model was developed for comprehensive predictions and assessments for variations in combustion phenomenon for DI diesel engines . By using the finite volume method the design and analysis of combustion chamber,emission characteristics were studied. The results of the split injection were compared with single injection and the optimum case of split injection was observed.

Key words: SplitInjection,CFDtool,DIdieselengine,Emission,Optimumsplitinjection

Reference
[1] Lakshminarayanan, P. A. et. al, Modellingdiesel combustion (Springer, 2009)
[2] Abdullah N, Tsolakis A, Rounce P, Wyszinsky M, Xu H, Mamat R et al.,. "Effect of injection pressure with split injection in a V6 diesel engine," SAE Paper NO. 2009-24-0049; 2009.
[3] Bianchi GM, Peloni P, Corcione FE, Lupino F et al., "analysis of passenger car HSDI diesel engines with the 2nd generation of common rail injection systems: The effect of multiple injections on emissions",SAE Paper NO. 2001-01-1068; 2001
[4] Chryssakis CA, Assanis DN, Kook S, Bae C et al.,. " Effect of multiple injections on fuel-air mixing and soot formation in diesel combustion using direct flame visualization and CFD techniques", Spring Technical Conference, ASME NO. ICES2005-1016; 2005
[5] Ehleskog R et al.,. " Experimental and numerical investigation of split injections at low load in an HDDI diesel engine equipped with a piezo injector", SAE Paper NO. 2006-01-3433; 2006.

Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Modulation Techniques

Abstract: A novelty kind of Multilevel converters are used in high voltage and high power application of industry field, can able to produce near sinusoidal voltage/currents with only operating at fundamental frequency switching. This paper presents a initial level of 5-level up to its giant level 13-level cascaded multilevel converter. In now a days multilevel inverters has become very popular for motor drive applications of industry. Multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques is an effective solution for increases the number of levels of the output wave form and thereby dramatically reduced the harmonics and total harmonic distortion(THD). The output waveform has 5,7,9,11 and 13 levels. In this paper three multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques such as phase shifted, level shifted and the wave level shifted Multi-carrier modulation PWM techniques are discussed. These methods are modeled for all level CMC by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK and the THD of the these methods are compared.

Index Terms: Cascade inverter, Multilevel, Modulation, PSHM, LSHM and WLSM.

Reference
[1]. Nanajee, Ram prasad "A Multi Carrier Based PWM for 11-Level Multilevel Converter Fed Three Phase Induction Motor," International Journal of electrical, electronics and telecommunication engineering, ISSN:2051-3240, October 2012
[2]. Jih-Sheng Lai, Fang Zhen g Peng, "Multilevel converters a new breed of power converters," Industry Application Conference, Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting, Conference Record of the IEEE, pp.2348-2356, August 2002
[3]. Muhammad. H. Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications, Third Edition, Person Prentice Hall, pp.40-6430, 2004.
[4]. Husam. K. Al. H, "Investigation of a cascade multilevel inverter as advanced static compensator," Department of electrical engineering and computer engineering, University of Manitoba, Canada, August 2002.
[5]. Bin, Wu, High Power Converters and AC Drives, Jon Willy & Sons. Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp.119-142, 2006.

Comparative Study of CMOS Op-Amp In 45nm And 180 Nm Technology

Abstract: In this paper we have provided a method for designing a Two Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier which operates at 1.8V power supply using Cadence Virtuoso 45nm CMOS technology. Further, designing the two stage op-amp for the same power supply using Cadence Virtuoso 180nm CMOS Technology, keeping the slew rate of the op-amp same as that 45nm technology. The trade-off curves are computed between various characteristics such as Gain, Phase Margin,GBW,3db Gain etc. and the results obtained for 45n CMOS Technology is compared with those obtained for 180nm CMOS Technology It has been demonstrated that on lowering the technology and keeping the slew rate constant, the Power dissipation decreases..

Key words: Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier), CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), Slew Rate, Two-Stage, Cadence, 45nm, 180nm, Power Dissipation

Reference
[1] Amana Yadav, Design of Two-Stage CMOS Op-Amp and Analyze the Effect of Scaling, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.647-654
[2] Ron Mancini, OPAmps for Everyone, Texas Instruments, August 2002, 11.1-11.22.
[3] Prabhat kumar, Alpana Pandey , Low Power Operational Amplifier, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences, June-August, 2013 pp170- 174.
[4] B. Razavi, Design of analog cmos integrated circuits (New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 2001).
[5] Kang Sung-Mo, Leblebici Yusuf, Cmos digital integrated circuits, analysis and design (Tata McGraw-Hill Edition 2003, Third Edition).

CFD Studies of Combustion in Direct Injection Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Non-Premixed Combustion Model

Abstract: In this study the simulation process of non-premixed combustion in a direct injection single cylinder diesel engine has been described. Direct injection diesel engines are used both in heavy duty vehicles and light duty vehicles. The fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber. The fuel mixes with the high pressure air in the combustion chamber and combustion occurs. Due to the non-premixed nature of the combustion occurring in such engines, non-premixed combustion model of ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 can be used to simulate the combustion process. A 4-stroke diesel engine corresponds to one fuel injector hole without considering valves was modeled and combustion simulation process was studied. Here two types of combustion chambers were compared. Combustion studies of both chambers:- shallow depth and hemispherical combustion chambers were carried out. Emission characteristics of both combustion chambers had also been carried out. The obtained results are compared. It has been found that hemispherical combustion chamber is more efficient as it produces higher pressure and temperature compared to that of shallow depth combustion chamber. As the temperature increases the formation of NOx emissions and soot formation also get increased.

Key words: CFD, Combustion modeling, Diesel combustion, k-_ε model, NO_x emissions

Reference
[1] Apparao K, Srinivasa Rao P and Rajagopal K, "Study of multiple injections in (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) HCCI engine using computational fluid dynamics", Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research Vol. 3(4), pp. 103-113, April 2011.
[2] A. R. Binesh, and S. Hossainpour, "Three Dimensional Modeling of Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Direct Injection Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine" , International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 2:4 2008.
[3] Heywood, John B , "Internal combustion engines fundamentals", 1988, pp:668-671.
[4] Joon Kyu Lee, Yong-Mo Kim, Jae-Hyun Ahn, "Numerical Modeling of Combustio Processes and Pollutants Formations in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines", KSME International Journal, VoL 16No. 7, pp. 1009--1018, 2002.
[5] Mohamed Bencherif, Mohand Tazerout, Abdelkrim Liazid, "Turbulence-Combustion Interaction in Direct Injection Diesel Engine"

Cfd Studies of Two Stroke Petrol Engine Scavenging

Abstract: This project deals with the numerical analysis of 2 stroke engine scavenging in two cases. One with an existing condition (Flat headed pistons) and another with a new design (Dome headed piston) .The numerical analysis is done with help of CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. Here, the modeling of engine piston with flat headed type and with dome headed types was done in workbench. In ANSYS FLUENT after the geometrical design, for the dynamic motion meshing is used and set up species transport model also. At first the scavenging effect of flat headed piston is analyzed. Later the simulation of piston with dome headed type was also checked. Analyzing the variations from each and selected the best method for scavenging. Finally the scavenging efficiency is calculated for both type arrangements.

Key words: CFD, Air-Mass fraction, CO2-Mass fraction, Scavenging, k-ε model, FVM, FEM, FDM

Reference
[1] A computational study of free-piston diesel engine combustion R. Mikalsen, A.P. Roskilly
[2] Analysis of Combustion and Emissions in a Large Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine, Using CFD and T-φ Mapping
[3] CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Combustion in Direct Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel. ISSN 09764259.
[4] CFD-based optimization of fuel injection strategies in a diesel engine using an adaptive gradient method Franz X. Tanner, Seshasai Srinivasan.
[5] CFD modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow inside a pent-roof type combustion chamber using dynamic model.

General Solution of Equations of Motion of Axisymmetric Problem of Micro-Isotropic, Micro-Elastic Solid

Abstract: In this paper, we obtain the general solution of equations of motion of axisymmetric problem of micro-isotropic, micro-elastic solid in static case. The equations of motion of axisymmetric problem are converted into vector matrix differential equations using the Hankel transform. Applying the technique of solving the eigen value problem, the general solution of the said problem is obtained. The results of the corresponding problem in linear micropolar elasticity are obtained as a particular case of this paper.

Key words: Micro-isotropic, micro-elastic solid, Eigen value, Hankel transform.

Reference
[1] Eringen, A.C.: Theory of micropolar elasticity in fracture-II, Academic Press, New York, pp.621-729 (1968).
[2] Eringen, A.C.: Mechanics of micromorphic materials, In "Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Applied Mechanics, Munich", Berlin, pp.131-138 (1964b).
[3] Koh, S.L.: A special theory of microelasticity, International Journal of Engineering Science, 8, pp.583- 593 (1970).
[4] Nowacki, W.: The axisymmetric Lamb's problem in a semi-infinite micropolar elastic solid, Proc. Vibr. Probl. Warsaw, 10 (2), p.97 (1969).
[5] Das, N.C., Das, S.N. and Das, B.: Eigen value approach to thermoelasticity, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 6 (1), pp.35-43 (1983).

Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in Kuttanad

Abstract: The Thanneermukkam bund was constructed to resolve the salinity problems faced by the farmers of Kuttanad; though it could reduce the problems to a large extend it had many ill effects such as water pollution, spread of aquatic weeds and other flora and fauna related problems. The main objective is to reduce the salinity level in Vembanad Lake during summer season that is during the closure period of Thanneermukkam Bund (TMB). The problem is solved efficiently by adapting following methods (1) water is taken from Muvattupuzha River, and conveyed through a regulator to Kuttanad region during summer season to dilute the water and keep the salinity below 2ppt and (2) water is collected in the pazhnilam before the closure of TMB and pumped out into Lake surrounding at times of acute shortage. The design of the regulator, its location and working is also discussed along with the various management techniques to be adopted in Kuttanad for effective implementation of the project. A proposal for management of water quantity and salinity for the natural water system of Kuttanad is developed.

Key words: Augmentation, Kuttanad, Salinity Management.

Reference
[1]. "Measures to Mitigate Agraian Distress in Allapuzha and Kuttanad Wet land Ecosystem", M S Swaminathan Research Foundation, 2002
[2]. Kuttanad Development Project, 1972
[3]. "Kuttanad Water Balance Study", Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Netherlands, 1989
[4]. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Report.
[5]. http://www.kuttanadpackage.in

Microcontroller–Based Modified SEPIC Converter for Driving Lamp with Power Factor Correction

Abstract: A methodological study of electronic ballast for electrode less lamps including design and development issues is presented in this paper. The ballast is intended to feed a 300 W ultra violet lamp at 100 kHz with dimming feature. The proposed topology is composed of a Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC), used as power factor correction (PFC) stage, integrated with a resonant half-bridge inverter, used as lamp power control (PC) stage. The integration of both stages is proposed in this paper, in order to reduce the number of active switches, as well as to simplify the required driving and control circuitry for this application. The implemented topology attained very high power factor (0.9982), and low line current total harmonic distortion (THD) (1.86%), without using electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter, while the measured efficiency was 90% at nominal lamp power.

Index Terms: Ultra violet Lamps, Integration Technique, High Power Factor, High Switching Frequency.

Reference
[1] M. F. da Silva, J. Fraytag, M. E. Schlittler, T. B. Marchesan. "Analysis and Design of a Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Dimmable Electronic Ballast for Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp", vol. 51, no. 6, July 2012.
[2] Verderber, R.R.; Morse, O.C.; Rubinstein, F.M.; "Performance of electronic ballast and controls with 34 and 40 Watt F40 fluorescent lamps" IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.25, no.6,Pp.1049- 1059, Nov. 1989.
[3] National Resources Canada. "Commercial and Institutional Retrofits -Technical Information - Fluorescent Lamp And Ballast Options", Out.2002.
[4] Do Prado, R.N.; Bonaldo, S.A.; Moreira, M.C.; Vidor, D.L.R.;"Electronic ballast with a high power factor for fluorescent lamps",Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '96 Record, 27th Annual IEEE, vol.2, pp.1215-1220, Jun. 1996.
[5] Osram Sylvania. "Quicktronic® Powersense™ T5 Dimming". Digital Catalog: Electronic T5 Fluorescent Controllable Lighting Systems, pp.4.04. Jan. 2011.

Development And Implementation Of OFDM Transceiver For WLAN Applications

Abstract: Multi-Carrier modulation is a technique for data transmission by multiplexing a low bit-rate data streams to modulated carriers into signal Wideband Carrier. Multi-Carrier transmission has a lot of useful properties such as delay-spread tolerance and spectrum efficiency that encourage their use in untethered broadband communication. OFDM is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation scheme with densely spaced sub-carriers that has gained a lot of popularity among the broadband community in the last few years. OFDM can provide large data rate with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. OFDM works on the principle of Orthogonality. The orthogonality between subcarriers which is at the core of OFDM modulation requires a perfect synchronization. OFDM has properties like high spectral efficiency, Resiliency to RF interference and Lower multi-path distortion. This work is concentrated in implementing both transmitter and receiver using Matlab software and also to verify whether the transmitted data is obtained at the receiver side. As we are using the OFDM technique we will be having bandwidth efficiency when compared to the normal FDM technique.

Key words: Digital Baseband modulation, IQ modulation, Orthogonality, OFDM, PAPR.

Reference
[1] Google. (2014), Digital Modulation in Communication Systems. Retrieved Jan 30,2014,cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7160E.pdf.
[2] OFDM SIMULATION USING MATLAB Neha Pathak International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 1 Issue 6, August – 2012
[3] Chi-Tsong Chen "System and Signal Analysis" Thomson, 1988
[4] R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM Wireless Multimedia Communications, Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.
[5] Heiskala, Juha and Terry, John. OFDM Wireless LANs: A Theoretical and Practical Guide SAMS 2001.

Privacy Preservation and Restoration of Data Using Unrealized Data Sets

Abstract: In today's world, there is an improved advance in hardware technology which increases the capability to store and record personal data about consumers and individuals. Data mining extracts knowledge to support a variety of areas as marketing, medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, national security etc successfully. Still there is a challenge to extract certain kinds of data without violating the data owners' privacy. As data mining becomes more enveloping, such privacy concerns are increasing. This gives birth to a new category of data mining method called privacy preserving data mining algorithm (PPDM). The aim of this algorithm is to protect the easily affected information in data from the large amount of data set. The privacy preservation of data set can be expressed in the form of decision tree. This paper proposes a privacy preservation based on data set complement algorithms which store the information of the real dataset. So that the private data can be safe from the unauthorized party, if some portion of the data can be lost, then we can recreate the original data set from the unrealized dataset and the perturbed data set.

Index Terms: Data mining, Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM), Decision Tree, Decision Tree Learning, ID3 algorithm, C4.5 algorithm, Unrealized Dataset, Data Perturbation, Dataset Complementation.

Reference
[1] Pui K. Fong And Jens H. Weber-Jahnke, "Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Learning Using Unrealized Data Sets" Proc. IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2, February 2012.
[2] J. Dowd, S. Xu, and W. Zhang, "Privacy-Preserving Decision Tree Mining Based on Random Substitions," Proc. Int'l Conf Emerging Trends in Information and Comm. Security (ETRICS '06), pp. 145-159, 2006.
[3] C. Aggarwal and P. Yu, Privacy-Preserving Data Mining:, Models and Algorithms. Springer, 2008.
[4] L. Liu, M. Kantarcioglu, and B. Thuraisingham, "Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Mining from Perturbed Data," Proc. 42nd Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS '09), 2009.
[5] Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas "Privacy preserving data mining" In Advances in Cryptology, volume 1880 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 36–53. Springer-Verlag, 2000.

A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Borewell Water In Sugar Town, Mandya City, Karnataka State, India

Abstract: Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water .In addition to the population growth, urbanization and industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of Mandya. Mandya city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides, discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources. The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index for the ground water samples of Sugar town, Mandya city. The groundwater samples of about 40 samples were collected and subjected for a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to provide an overview of present ground water quality for the following 12 parameters such as pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, fluoride, alkalinity are to be considered for calculating the WQI. The results are analyzed by WQI method for predicting water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a very useful and effective way for assessing the quality of water. WQI is a very useful tool for communicating the information on overall quality of water.

Key words: Groundwater, Water quality standards, Water quality characteristics, Water quality index.

Reference
[1] Mangukiya R., Bhattacharya T., and Chakraborty S (2012),"Quality Characterization of Groundwater using Water Quality Index in Surat city, Gujarat, India", International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(4): 14-23
[2] Nagarajappa D P., Rajappa B., Manjappa s., and Puttaiah E T., (2011), "Physico chemical analysis of underground water of Harihara taluk of Davanagere district, Karnataka, India", Advances in applied science research, 2(5): 143-150
[3] Shivasharanappa., Srinivas P., and Mallikarjun Huggi S (2011), "Assessment of ground water quality characteristics and Water Quality Index (WQI) of Bidar city and its industrial area, Karnataka State, India", International journal of environmental sciences, 2(2): 965-976
[4] APHA, American Public Health Association (2003), standard method for examination of water & wastewater specifications, Washington DC, 6, 19th Edition.
[5] Bureau of Indian Standards, 1993, (IS 10500:1991), Edition 2.1

Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive

Abstract: Variable structure control is an adaptive control that gives robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. Variable control structure is a robust control scheme based on the concept of changing the structure of the controller in response to the changing state of the system in order to obtain a desired response. The control is nonlinear and can be applied to the linear or nonlinear plant. A high speed switching control action is used to switch between different structures of the controller and the trajectory of the system is forced to move along a chosen switching manifold in the state space. The controller detects the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference trajectory and corresponding changes the switching strategy to restore the tracking. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By using Variable structure controller to control the step change in reference speed and drive system under load torque variations.

Key words: scalar control, vector control

Reference
[1] Bose B.K.,"Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004
[2] R.M. Cuzner, R.D. Lorenz, D.W. Novotny, "Application of non-linear observers for rotor position detection on an induction motor using machine voltages and currents," IEEEIAS Annual Meeting Conference Record, October 1990, pp. 416– 421.
[3] Atkinson D. J., P. P. Acarnley and J. W. Finch, "Application of estimation technique in vector controlled inductin motor drives," IEE Conference Proceeding, London, July 1990, pp. 358-363.
[4] A. Ferrah, K.G. Bradely, G.M. Asher, "Sensorless speed detection of inverter fed induction motors using rotor slot harmonics and fast Fourier transform," IEEE-PESC Conference Record, October 1992, pp. 279– 286.
[5] Chan, C. C., and H. Q. Wang, "New scheme of sliding mode control for high performance induction motor drives," IEE Proc. on Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 3, May 1996, pp 177- 185.

Zigbee Based Indoor Campus Inventory Tracking Using Rfid Module

Abstract: This is a very useful application of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and is very commonly used in institutes, offices, homes and so on. An RFID system consists of a reader device and a transponder. A transponder or tag has a unique serial number which is identified by the reader. Here RFID has been interfaced with ARM Processor to provide secured access. The relevant messages are also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Key fobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers. RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write,i.e tag data can be rewritten or modified. Passive tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader.

Key words: Zigbee, RFID

Reference
[1] Victor S, Jonathan M, Reece J, and Lemire J(2003),"Student Wolfpack Club Tracking System", North Carolina State University. USA.
[2] Longe O.O.(2009),"Implementation of Student Attendance System using RFID Technology", B. Tech Project Report, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
[3] Liu C.M and Chen L.S (2009), "Applications of RFID technology for improving production efficiency in an Integrated-circuit packaging house," International Journal of Production Research, vol 47, no. 8, pp. 2203-2216,.
[4] RFIDSensNet Lab (2005), A white paper on Automatic Attendance System. Texas A & M University, Texas,USA.
[5] Bardaki,C., Kourouthanassis, P. and Pramatari, K., (2012),Deploying RFID-Enabled Services in the Retail Supply Chain: Lessons Learned toward the Internet of Things, Information Systems Management, Vol. 29: no.3, pp. 233-245..

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrites Prepared By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Technique

Abstract: The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni_0.2Cu_xZn_0.8-xFe₂O₄ (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500^oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (d_x) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.

Key words: Ferrites, Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method, XRD, SEM, EDS.

Reference
[1] M.Pardavi-Horvath, J Magn Magn Mater 215/216, 171 (2000)
[2] T. Abbas, Y.Khan, M.Ahmed, S.Anwer, solid state communi 82 (1992)701
[3] P.K.Roy and J.Bera, J Magn Magn mater 298,38,(2006)
[4] P.D.Thang, G.Riginders and D.H.Blank, J Magn Magn mater296,251(2005)
[5] M.F.F.lelis , A.O.Porto, C.M.goncalvers, and J.D.Fabris, J J Magn Magn mater278,263 (2004)

Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened in Bending Moment Region with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Sheets

Abstract: This paper presents the flexural behaviour of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. For flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams, total twenty-two beams were cast and tested over an effective span of 900 mm up to failure of the beam under two-point loading. The beams were designed as under-reinforced beams. The beams were bonded with BFRP sheets in single layer and double layers in the bending moment region at the bottom face of the beam. Out of the twenty-two beams two beams were control beams and remaining beams were strengthened after being damaged for various degrees of damage (0 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90% and 100 %). The experimental results show that the beams strengthened show high load carrying capacity.

Key words: Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP), Bending moment region, Control beam, Reinforced Concrete, Strengthened beam, Ultimate Load carrying capacity.

Reference
[1] Lankinen C. W. and Soudki K. A. (2008). "Behaviour of rectangular reinforced concrete members confined with GFRP sheets", Fourth International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE2008) 22-24 July 2008, Zurich, Switzerland.
[2] Singaravadivelan R., Sakthieswaren N. and Dr. Muthuramu K. L. (2012). "Experimental Investigation on the Behaviour of Flexural Strengthening of Beam Using Basalt Fiber", International Conference on Automotive, Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ICAMME' 2012) Penang (Malaysia) May 19-20.
[3] David E., Ragneau E. and Buyle-Bodin F. (2003). "Experimental analysis of flexural behavior of externally bonded CFRP reinforced concrete structures", Materials and Structures, Vol. 36, pp.238-241.
[4] Esfahani M.R., Kianoush M.R., Tajari A.R. (2007). "Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by CFRP sheets", Engineering Structures, Vol. 29, pp. 2428–2444.
[5] Jadhav H. S. and Shiyekar M. R. (2011). "Performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with GFRP laminate configuration", International Journal of 3R's, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2010, pp. 192-195.

Effect of Cooking on the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Properties of Small Indigenous Fish Species of the Eastern Himalayas

Abstract: The effect of cooking method on the polyunsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant properties of small indigenous freshwater fish species, Amblypharyngodon mola and Puntius sophore of the Eastern Himalayas were determined. In the raw and fried samples, docosahexaenoic acid was significantly higher (2.907 and 1.167mg/100g) in Amblypharyngodon mola and lowest (0.749 and 0.291mg/100g) were recorded in Puntius sophore. The eicosapentaenoic acid of raw, fried and curried samples of Amblypharyngodon mola were recorded higher. In DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay of IC₅₀ value of the raw fish extract were 2.9μg/ml and 1.66μg/ml respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in fish curry of Amblypharyngodon mola (0.11μg/ml). It shows that the Maillard reaction product forms the melanoidin during cooking, increases the antioxidant property of the fish curry and also improved the taste.

Key words: Small indigenous fishes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant activity, cooking methods, Eastern Himalayas

Reference
[1] PK Talwar & AG Jhingran: Inland Fishes of India and adjacent countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Cooperative Private Limited New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta, Vol-1 and Vol-2 ,1991, 1-1063
[2] UK Sarkar & WS Lakra: Small indigenous freshwater fish species of India: Significance, Conservation and utilization, Aquaculture Asia Magazine15, 2010, 34-35
[3] B Ames, MK Shigenega and TM Hagen, Oxidants antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of ageing. Proc. Natl Acad Sci, USA 90, 1993, 7915-7955
[4] TO Idowu, EO Iwalewa, BA Aderogba, Akinpelu, and AO Ogundaini, Antinoceptive, inflammatory and antioxidant of eleagnine. An alkanoid isolated from Chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledons. J. Bio. Sci, 6, 2006, 1029-1034
[5] LA Luzia, GR Sampaio, CMN Castellucci, EAFS Torre, The influence of season on the lipid profile of five commercially important species of Braxilian fish. Food chemistry 83, 2003, 93-97

Interfacing Of PIC 18F252 Microcontroller with Real Time Clock via I2C Protocol

Abstract: This paper describes a microcontroller based digital clock which can be used in real time systems. The system is constructed using PIC18F252 (microcontroller), DS1307 (real time clock IC) and its software program is written with C programming language. A 3v battery backup is provided to real time clock IC. Communication between PIC microcontroller and DS1307 takes place through I²C Bus protocol

Key words: I2C, LCD, PIC, RTC, DS1307

Reference
[1] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey, "PIC Microcontroller and Embedded System," Pearson Education, INC., Pearson Prentice Hall.
[2] Vicent Himpe, "Mastering the I2C Bus: LabWorX 1".
[3] Martin P. Bates, "Programming 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers in C", second edition
[4] Basics of I2C from "www.embedded.com"
[5] "Real Time Clock on the MSP430"-Taxas Instrument, published on Jan 2001.

Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE Systems

Abstract: There is an increasing demand for high data transmission rates with the evolution of the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems are used to fulfill these requirements because of their unique properties such as high spectral efficiency, high data rate and resistance towards multipath propagation. MIMO-OFDM systems are finding their applications in the modern wireless communication systems like IEEE 802.11n, 4G and LTE. They also offer reliable communication with the increased coverage area. The bottleneck to the MIMO-OFDM systems is the estimation of the channel state information (CSI). This can be estimated with the help of any one of the Training Based, Semiblind and Blind Channel estimation algorithms. This paper presents various channel estimation algorithms, optimization techniques and their effective utilization in MIMO-OFDM for modern wireless LTE systems.

Key words: Spectral Efficiency, OFDM, MIMO-OFDM systems, Channel Estimation, Channel State information, Pilot Carriers, subspace approach, LTE.

Reference
[1] W Hardjawana, R Li, B Vucetic and Y Li, "A New Iterative Channel Estimation for High Mobility MIMO-OFDM Systems," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1-5, 2010.
[2] N Aboutorab,W Hardjawana,B Vucetic, "A New Iterative Doppler-Assisted Channel Estimation Joint With Parallel ICI Cancellation for High-Mobility MIMO-OFDM Systems," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VOL. 61, pp. 1577 - 1589, 2012.
[3] MM Rana, MK Hosain, "Adaptive Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM Systems," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 1, No.6, pp. 134-138, 2010.
[4] A Khlifi and R Bouallegue, "Performance Analysis of LS and LMMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for LTE Downlink Systems," International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 141-149, 2011.
[5] J Ketonen, M Juntti, J Ylioinas and J R. Cavallaro, "Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Implementation for Spectral Efficiency Improvement in Mobile MIMO-OFDM," Springer Science, DOI 10.1007/s11265-013-0833-4, 2013.

Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV Services

Abstract: Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats. IPTV provides mainly three services: live TV, catch up TV, and video on demand (VoD).This paper focuses on delivering the live TV services by exploiting the virtualised cloud architecture of the IPTV and statistical multiplexing. The VoD tasks are prescheduled so that there will be less Instant Channel Change (ICC) delay. We select a proper scheduling algorithm for rescheduling the VoD tasks. We then implement the scheduling algorithm for preshifting the VoD tasks.

Key words: IPTV, Statistical multiplexing, Virtualization, Vo D, Live TV, Scheduling, ICC Delay

Reference
[1] Vaneet Aggarwal, Vijay Gopalakrishnan, Rittwik Jana, K. K. Ramakrishnan, and Vinay A. Vaishampayan," Optimizing Cloud Resources for Delivering IPTV Services through Virtualization", In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), Jan. 2012.
[2] V.Aggarwal, V.Gopalakrishnan, R.Jana, K. K. Ramakrishnan, and V. Vaishampayan, "Exploiting Virtualization for Delivering Cloud-based IPTV Services," in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM (mini-conference), Shanghai, April 2011.
[3] D. Banodkar, K. K. Ramakrishnan, S. Kalyanaraman, A. Gerber, and O. Spatscheck, "Multicast instant channel change in IPTV system," in Proceedings of IEEE COMSWARE, January 2008.
[4] H. A. Lagar-Cavilla, J. A. Whitney, A. Scannell, R. B. P. Patchin, S. M.Rumble, E. de Lara, M. Brudno, and M. Satyanarayanan, "SnowFlock:Virtual Machine Cloning as a First Class Cloud Primitive," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 2011.
[5] A. Dan, D. Sitaram, and P. Shahabuddin, "Scheduling Policies for an On-Demand Video Server with Batching," in Proc. of ACM Multimedia, San Francisco, CA, October 1994, pp. 15–23.

Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Abstract: A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.

Key words: HVAC system, Life cycle cost analysis

Reference
[1] MaQuay chiller product catalogue
[2] www.stcpl.com
[3] ASHRAE Hanbook 2012
[4] ISHRAE Handbook - HVAC applications

Reversible Encrypytion and Information Concealment

Abstract: Recently, a lot of attention is paid to reversible data hiding (RDH) in encrypted pictures, since it maintains the wonderful property that the initial image cover will be losslessly recovered when embedded data is extracted, whereas protects the image content that is need to be kept confidential. Other techniques used antecedently are to embed data by reversibly vacating area from the pictures, that area unit been encryted, may cause some errors on information extraction or image restoration. In this paper, we propose a unique methodology by reserving room before secret writing (i.e reserving room before encryption) with a conventional RDH algorithmic rule, and thus it becomes straightforward for hider to reversibly embed data in the encrypted image. The projected methodology is able to implement real reversibility, that is, information extraction and image recovery area unit free of any error. This methodology embedds larger payloads for constant image quality than the antecedently used techniques, like for PSNR= 40db.

Key words: Reversible data hiding, privacy protection, bar chart shift, image secret writing.

Reference
[1] Kede Ma,Weiming Zhang,Xeianfeng Zhao,"Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption" IEEE Trans. On information forensic and security,VOL.8NO.3 March 2013.
[2] W. Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Improving various reversible data hiding schemes via optimal codes for binary covers," IEEE Trans.Image Process., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2991–3003,Jun. 2012.
[3] W.Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Capacity-approaching codes for reversible data hiding," in Proc 13th Information Hiding (IH'2011) LNCS 6958, 2011, pp. 255–269, SpringerVerlag.
[4] T. Kalker and F.M.Willems, "Capacity bounds and code constructions for reversible data hiding," in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing (DSP2002), 2002, pp. 71–76.
[5] X. L. Li, B. Yang, and T. Y. Zeng, "Efficient reversible watermarking based on adaptive prediction-error expansion and pixel selection, IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 3524–3533, Dec. 2011.

Machinability Study on Al-7si Alloy Subjected To Grain Refinement

Abstract: The present investigation deals with refining the grain structure of Al-7Si (LM25) alloy by adding a suitable amount of grain refiner namely Al-5T-1B and the same was subjected to mechanical vibration. The process involves melting of Al-7Si alloy in an electrical furnace and the molten alloy was degassed using hexachloro ethane degassing tablets. Then the grain refiner was added and later transferred to a pre coated and pre heated metallic die. The alloy was then subjected to mechanical vibration for the process of grain refinement. The Machinability of aluminium alloy during continuous turning of composite rods using carbide tool inserts. The main focus of investigation is to determine Power consumption & Force. Experiments were conducted in the lathe dynamometer by using carbide insert at various parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The effect of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed and depth of cut on the Power consumption & Force investigated during experimentation

Key words: Al-Si alloys, casting, Machinability test, turning

Reference
[1] T.M. Chandrashekharaiah, S.A. Kori. Effect of grain refinement and modification on the dry sliding wear behaviour of eutectic Al– Si alloys. Tribology International 42 (2009) ,59– 65
[2] Kori S., Murty B., Chakraborty M.; Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al-7% Si alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, Volume 280, Issue 1 (2000): 58-61.
[3] M. El-Gallab, M. Sklad (1998), "Machining of Al:SiC particulate metal matrix composites Workpiece Surface integrity", Journal of Materials Processing Technology,83, 277–285.
[4] Manna, B. Bhattacharayya (2005) "Influence of machining parameters on the Machinability of particulate reinforced Al/SiCMMC, Advance Manufacturing Technology, 850–856.
[5] RavinderTonk and Jasbir Singh Ratol "Investigation of the Effects of the Parametric Variations in Turning Process of En31 Alloy" International Journal on Emerging Technologies 3(1): pp.160- 164(2012)

A Low Power down Conversion CMOS Gilbert Mixer for Wireless Communications

Abstract: In this paper a design of low power 2.4GHz (RF) down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer, implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage is presented. The obtained result shows a conversion gain equal to 6.7dB and third order Input intercept point -1db, power consumption of 3.86mW at 1.8V supply voltage. The 50Ω matched impedance condition is applicable. Result shows a good potential of this CMOS mixer and justify its use for low-power wireless communications.

Key words: Mixer, Gilbert Cell, RFIC, CMOS Technology, linearity, down conversion

Reference
[1] T. Chouchane, M. Sawan, "A 5 GHz CMOS RF Mixer in 0.18 μm CMOS Technology," IEEE CCECE 2003, Montreal, May 2003.
[2] D. Leenaerts, J. Van der Tang, Cicero S. Voucher, Circuit Design for RF Transceivers, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2001, pp : 122 – 128.
[3] C.F Au-Yeung and K.K.M.Cheng, "CMOS mixer Linearization by the low frequency Signal injection method," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol 1,pp.95-98, June 2003.
[4] Hung-Che Wei, Ro-Min Weng, Chih-Lung Hsiaoand Kun-Yi Lin, " A 1.5V 2.4GHz CMOS \ Mixer with High Linearity", The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference Circuit and Systems,Dec 6-9, 2004.
[5] S. G. Lee and J. K. Choi, "Current-reuse bleeding mixer", IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 696–697, Apr.2000.
[6] Thomas Lee, "The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated circuits", Cambridge University Press, second edition 2004, ISBN 0-521-835389-9, Chapter 13.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Provider Aware Anonymization Algorithm for Preserving M - Privacy Provider Aware Anonymization Algorithm for Preserving M - Privacy Abstract: In this paper, we consider the collaborative data publishing problem for anonymizing horizontally partitioned data at multiple data providers. We consider a new type of "insider attack" by colluding data providers who may use their own data records (a subset of the overall data) in addition to the external background knowledge to infer the data records contributed by other data providers. The paper addresses this new threat and makes several contributions. First, we introduce the notion of m-privacy, which guarantees that the anonymized data satisfies a given privacy constraint against any group of up to m colluding data providers. Second, we present heuristic algorithms exploiting the equivalence group monotonicity of privacy constraints and adaptive ordering techniques for efficiently checking m-privacy given a set of records. Finally, we present a data provider-aware anonymization algorithm with adaptive m- privacy checking strategies to ensure high utility and m-privacy of anonymized data with efficiency. Experiments on real-life datasets suggest that our approach achieves better or comparable utility and efficiency than existing and baseline algorithms while providing m-privacy guarantee. Reference [1] C. Dwork, "Differential privacy: a survey of results," in Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conf. on Theory and Applications of Models of Computation, 2008, pp. 1–19. [2] B. C. M. Fung, K. Wang, R. Chen, and P. S. Yu, "Privacy-preserving data publishing: A survey of recent developments," ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 42, pp. 14:1–14:53, June 2010. [3] C. Dwork, "A firm foundation for private data analysis," Commun. ACM, vol. 54, pp. 86–95, January 2011. [4] N. Mohammed, B. C. M. Fung, P. C. K. Hung, and C. Lee, "Centralized and distributed anonymization for high-dimensional healthcare data," ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD), vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 18:1–18:33, October 2010. [5] W. Jiang and C. Clifton, "Privacy-preserving distributed k-anonymity," in Data and Applications Security XIX, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005, vol. 3654, pp. 924–924. A. Usha Rani, Mrs. M. K. Nageswari	01-12
2.	Railway Ticket Counter Problem With STM Railway Ticket Counter Problem With STM Abstract: The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. One such drawback is that locks should be only used to enclose the critical section of the parallel-processing code. If locks are used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code drastically decreases.. Key words: Parallel Programming; Multiprocessing; Locks; Transactions; Software Transactional Memory . Reference [1] Simon Peyton Jones, "Beautiful concurrency". [2] Elan Dubrofsky, "A Survey Paper on Transactional Memory". [3] Pascal Felber, Christof Fetzer, Torvald Riegel, "Dynamic Performance Tuning of Word-Based Software Transactional Memory". [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_memory [5] James Larus and Christos Kozyrakis. "Transactional Memory" Mohit Kumar Modi, Utpal Kumar Ray, Ryan Saptarshi Ray, Parama Bhaumik	13-17
3.	Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission Pricing Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission Pricing Abstract: Congestion Management is one of the major tasks performed by system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In the emerging electric power market, the congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose a barrier to the electricity trading. In the present paper, a concept of transmission congestion penalty factors is developed and implemented to control power overflows in transmission lines for congestion management. Here we presents a Re-dispatch methodology for cost of transmission network to its user. The transmission price computation considers the physical impact caused by the market agents in the transmission network. The paper includes case study for IEEE 5 bus power system. Key words: Optimal power flow, Congestion Management. Reference [1] Ashish Saini and A.K. Saxena, " Optimal Power Flow based Congestion Management Methods for Competative Electricity Markets" International journal of computer and electrical engineering February 2010. [2] Surachai Chaitusaney and Bundhit Eua-Arporn, " Generation Dispatch with Pool and Bilateral Coordination" IEEE Transaction on power system,2002. [3] Thailo Kruase, "Evaluation of Transmission Pricing Methods for Liberalized Markets" July 2003. [4] Kai Xie,Yong-Hua Song,John Stonham,Erkeng Yu and Guangyi Liu, "Decomposition Model and Interior Point Methods for Optimal Spot Pricing of Electricity in Deregulation Environments" IEEE Transaction on power system, Vol. 15,pp. no.39-50,2000. [5] G.B.Shrestha, and P.A. J. Fonseka, "Congestion-Driven Transmission Expansion in Competitive Power Markets", IEEE Transaction on power system, Vol .19 No.3,pp. no.1658-1665,2004. Miss. Archana Jaisisngpure, Dr. V. K. Chandrakar, Dr. R. M. Mohril	18-23
4.	Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cascade Refrigeration System Based On Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia Abstract: Thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide-ammonia (R744-R717) as refrigerant is presented in this paper to determine the optimum condensing temperature of the cascade condenser at given design parameters, to maximize the COP of the system. The design and operating parameters considered in this study include (1) condensing, sub cooling, evaporating and super heating temperatures in the ammonia (R717) high-temperature circuit, (2) temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, and (3) evaporating, superheating, condensing and sub cooling in the carbon dioxide (R744) low-temperature circuit. A multilinear regression analysis was employed in order to develop two useful correlations for maximum COP, and optimum condensing temperature. Key words: Cascade refrigeration system, Optimization, Coefficient of performance, Operating parameters, Correlation, Reference [1] G. Lorentz, and J. Petterson, "A new efficient and environmentally benign system for car air conditioning", International Journal of Refrigeration, 16 (1), pp. 4-12, 1993. [2] P.Neksa. H. Rekstad, R. Zakeri, and P. Schiefloe, "CO2 –heat pump water heater :characteristics, system design and experimental results" , International Journal of Refrigeration, 21 (3) pp. 172-179, 1998. [3] Y. Hwang, R. Radermacher, "Experimental investigation of the carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle", ASHRAE Trans 105 (1), pp. 1219-1227, (1999). [4] P.Hrnjak, M. Richeter, S. Song , M. Kim, and C. Bullard, "Transcritical co2 heat pump for residential application", Fourth IIR-Gustav Lorentzen conference on natural working fluids at purdue pp. 9-16, 2006. [5] S. Bhattacharya, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. Kumar, R. Khurana, and J. Sarkar, "Optimization of a CO2-C3H8 cascade system for refrigeration and heating" , International Journal of Refrigeration 28 pp. 1284-1292, 2005. Satyananda Tripathy, Jibanananda Jena, Dillip K. Padhiary, Manmatha K. Roul	24-29
5.	Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short Channel Effect over Bulk MOSFET at 20nm Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short Channel Effect over Bulk MOSFET at 20nm Abstract: An aggressive scaling of conventional MOSFETs channel length reduces below 100nm and gate oxide thickness below 3nm to improved performance and packaging density. Due to this scaling short channel effect (SCEs) like threshold voltage, Subthreshold slope, ON current and OFF current plays a major role in determining the performance of scaled devices. The double gate (DG) MOSFETS are electro-statically superior to a single gate (SG) MOSFET and allows for additional gate length scaling. Simulation work on both devices has been carried out and presented in paper. The comparative study had been carried out for threshold voltage (V_T), Subthreshold slope (Sub V_T), I_ON and I_OFF Current. It is observed that DG MOSFET provide good control on leakage current over conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. The V_T (Threshold Voltage) is 2.7 times greater than & I_ON of DG MOSFET is 2.2 times smaller than the conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. Key words: DG MOSFET (Double Gate Metal oxide Field Effect Transistor), Short Channel Effect (SCE), Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. Reference [1] Mr. Sanjay Chopade & M. Shashank Mane " Design of DG-CNFET For Reduction of Short Channel Effect Over DG MOSFET at 20nm " IEEE Trans., December 2013 [2] Santosh Kumar Gupta et al "Simulation and Analysis of Gate Engineered Triple Metal Double Gate (TM-DG) MOSFET for Diminished Short Channel Effects" IJAST, Vol. 38, January, 2012 [3] A. S. I. Association, "Itrs - international technology roadmap for semiconductor," 2003. [4] "1965 – "Moore's Law" Predicts the Future of Integrated Circuits". Computer History Museum. [5] Kaushik Roy, Kiat Seng Yeo (2004). Low Voltage, Low Power VLSI Subsystems. McGraw-Hill Professional.,p. 4 & 44. ISBN 0-07-143786-X. Ankita Wagadre, Shashank Mane	30-34
6.	Experimental Study, Simulation and Model Predictions of Recycled PET Strip-Reinforced Concrete Flexion Members Experimental Study, Simulation and Model Predictions of Recycled PET Strip-Reinforced Concrete Flexion Members Abstract: This study presents results from a theoretical-experimental program of beams partially pre-stressed made with continuous recycled PET strip-reinforced concrete (plain concrete strength of 20 MPa). These studies mainly attempted to determine the stripinfluence in altering the flexural strength at first and final crack. Also the load-deflection, ductility, energy absorption capacity of the beams are observed and the studies can be used in predicting the flexural behavior of longitudinally reinforced concrete. The model theory assumes that concrete has a tensile load capacity different from zero, characterized by a uniaxial tensile stress-strain diagram. The need for non-linear geometric and the material models imply the use of numerical methods such as the finite element method; so that, a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beam with strips-reinforced plastic is performed. The obtained results were compared with computer analysis and experimental data to corroborate the validity of the suggested method, showing that the theory also predicts correctly the post-cracking creep deformation. Key words: Reinforced concrete, Finite element method, Mechanical properties, Prediction model, Recycled PET strips Reference [1] S Kim, N Yi, H Kim, J Kim andY Song, Material and structural performance evaluation of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete,Cement and Concrete Composite, (32), 2010, 232-240. [2] C Juarez, B Guevara, P Valdez and ADurn- Herrera, Mechanical properties of natural fibers reinforced sustainable masonry, Construction Building Materials, (24), 2010, 1536-1541. [3] R Siddique, J Khatib andI Kaur, Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review,Waste Management, (28), 2008, 1835-1852. [4] Y Choi, D Moon, Y Kim andM Lachemi, Characteristics of mortar and concrete containing fine aggregate manufactured from recycled waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles. Construction Building Materials, (23), 2009, 2829-2835. [5] F Mahdi, H Abbas and A Khan, Strength characteristics of polymer mortar and concrete using different compositions of resins derived from post-consumer PET bottles.Construction Building Materials, (24), 2010, 25-36. F.J. Baldenebro-Lopez, J.H. Castorena-Gonzalez, J.I. Velazquez-Dimas, J.E. Ledezma-Sillas, J.M. Herrera-Ramirez	35-40
7.	Analysis of the Flexure Behavior and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Core Sandwiched Composite Material Analysis of the Flexure Behavior and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Core Sandwiched Composite Material Abstract: In this paper, commercially available Fly Ash and Epoxy is used for the core material, woven glass fabric as reinforcing skin material, epoxy as matrix/adhesive materials used in this study for the construction of sandwich composite. Analysis is carried out on different proportions of epoxy and fly ash sandwiched composite material for determining the flexural strength and compressive strength, three different proportions of epoxy and fly ash used for the study. Those are 65%-35% (65% by weight fly ash and 35% by weight epoxy resin) composite material, 60%-40% and 55%-45% composite material. 60%-40% composite material specimen shows better results in the entire test carried out i.e. Flexure and Compression. The complete experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper. Key words: Fly ash, Epoxy resin, compressive strength, flexural strength. Reference [1] Ahmad and Mahanwar, "The effect of fly ash as filler on the mechanical properties of HDPE", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 41 2010 [2] Kurt Feichtinger, "The properties of identical laminate builds comprising two piles of 1808 E-glass fabric", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2006. [3] K.N. Shivakumar, "Fabrication of two composite laminated panels and one composite sandwich using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)", Int J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 22, 2000. [4] Enrico Papa, "Experimental investigation into the mechanical behavior of a composite sandwich", Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2001. [5] Kunigal Shivakumar, "The mechanical and fire resistant properties of a commercial material", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 137, 2007 Vijaykumar H.K, Maruthiprashanth, Naveed Ahmad Bilagi, Khan Maaz Shehzad	41-48
8.	Impact of APFC Panel at LT Side of Transformer Impact of APFC Panel at LT Side of Transformer Abstract: The Development of automatic sensing technologies have significantly advanced in recent years in electrical systems.One of them is Automatic Power Factor Correction(APFC)Panels.It is very difficult to maintain consistent power factor by using fixed capacitors because they need to be operated manually which may result in over voltages,saturation of transformers etc. that may lead to the interruption in the power supply of the distribution system.APFC Panels automatically varies according to the load requirements on the L.T side i.e. distribution side which compensates the load requirements.Impact of automatic power factor correction panels (APFC) at L.T side of a transformer are discussed which are inductive in nature. Key words: APFC Panels, Power Factor, Inductive, Fixed capacitors, Power factor correction. Reference [1] "Performance of insulation systems for low voltage APFC panels during temperature rise test at elevated ambient temperatures" V.Vaidhyanathan,T.BhavaniShankar,G.Govinda Rao,H.N.Nagamani,2012 IEEE 10TH [2] International Standard IEC 60831-1, Shunt power capacitors of the self healing type for ac systems having rated voltage up to and including 1000 V. [3] International Standard IEC 60831-2, Shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for ac systems having a rated voltage up to and including 1000 V Part:2 Ageing test, Self-healing test and destruction test. [4] H. N. Nagamani et.al, "Experience of CPRI in performance evaluation of power capacitors of unit rating up to 1000 kvar", 7lhInternational Seminar on Capacitors(CAPACIT 2010), pp. IV 1-13, Jan 2010, Mumbai, India. Bhogadi. Havya, K.Ravi Kumar	49-54
9.	CFD Studies of Split Injection on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics in DI Diesel Engine CFD Studies of Split Injection on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics in DI Diesel Engine Abstract: In this study, the effect of split injection on the combustion and emissions in DI diesel engine is investigated using CFD tool .One of the important problems in reducing pollutant emission from diesel engines is trade-off between soot and NOx. Split injection is one of the most powerful tools that decrease soot and NOx emissions simultaneously. Split injection is defined as splitting the main single injection profile in two or more injection pulses with definite delay dwell between the injections. A four-stroke, single cylinder, diesel engine was taken into consideration at constant speed conditions . A model was developed for comprehensive predictions and assessments for variations in combustion phenomenon for DI diesel engines . By using the finite volume method the design and analysis of combustion chamber,emission characteristics were studied. The results of the split injection were compared with single injection and the optimum case of split injection was observed. Key words: SplitInjection,CFDtool,DIdieselengine,Emission,Optimumsplitinjection Reference [1] Lakshminarayanan, P. A. et. al, Modellingdiesel combustion (Springer, 2009) [2] Abdullah N, Tsolakis A, Rounce P, Wyszinsky M, Xu H, Mamat R et al.,. "Effect of injection pressure with split injection in a V6 diesel engine," SAE Paper NO. 2009-24-0049; 2009. [3] Bianchi GM, Peloni P, Corcione FE, Lupino F et al., "analysis of passenger car HSDI diesel engines with the 2nd generation of common rail injection systems: The effect of multiple injections on emissions",SAE Paper NO. 2001-01-1068; 2001 [4] Chryssakis CA, Assanis DN, Kook S, Bae C et al.,. " Effect of multiple injections on fuel-air mixing and soot formation in diesel combustion using direct flame visualization and CFD techniques", Spring Technical Conference, ASME NO. ICES2005-1016; 2005 [5] Ehleskog R et al.,. " Experimental and numerical investigation of split injections at low load in an HDDI diesel engine equipped with a piezo injector", SAE Paper NO. 2006-01-3433; 2006. S Gavudhama karunanidhi, Manu Narayanan P M, G Subba Rao	55-58
10.	Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Modulation Techniques Investigation of THD for Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Using Multicarrier Modulation Techniques Abstract: A novelty kind of Multilevel converters are used in high voltage and high power application of industry field, can able to produce near sinusoidal voltage/currents with only operating at fundamental frequency switching. This paper presents a initial level of 5-level up to its giant level 13-level cascaded multilevel converter. In now a days multilevel inverters has become very popular for motor drive applications of industry. Multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques is an effective solution for increases the number of levels of the output wave form and thereby dramatically reduced the harmonics and total harmonic distortion(THD). The output waveform has 5,7,9,11 and 13 levels. In this paper three multicarrier pulse width modulation techniques such as phase shifted, level shifted and the wave level shifted Multi-carrier modulation PWM techniques are discussed. These methods are modeled for all level CMC by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK and the THD of the these methods are compared. Index Terms: Cascade inverter, Multilevel, Modulation, PSHM, LSHM and WLSM. Reference [1]. Nanajee, Ram prasad "A Multi Carrier Based PWM for 11-Level Multilevel Converter Fed Three Phase Induction Motor," International Journal of electrical, electronics and telecommunication engineering, ISSN:2051-3240, October 2012 [2]. Jih-Sheng Lai, Fang Zhen g Peng, "Multilevel converters a new breed of power converters," Industry Application Conference, Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting, Conference Record of the IEEE, pp.2348-2356, August 2002 [3]. Muhammad. H. Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications, Third Edition, Person Prentice Hall, pp.40-6430, 2004. [4]. Husam. K. Al. H, "Investigation of a cascade multilevel inverter as advanced static compensator," Department of electrical engineering and computer engineering, University of Manitoba, Canada, August 2002. [5]. Bin, Wu, High Power Converters and AC Drives, Jon Willy & Sons. Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp.119-142, 2006. Nanajee Karri, Satyanarayana Garapati	59-63
11.	Comparative Study of CMOS Op-Amp In 45nm And 180 Nm Technology Comparative Study of CMOS Op-Amp In 45nm And 180 Nm Technology Abstract: In this paper we have provided a method for designing a Two Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier which operates at 1.8V power supply using Cadence Virtuoso 45nm CMOS technology. Further, designing the two stage op-amp for the same power supply using Cadence Virtuoso 180nm CMOS Technology, keeping the slew rate of the op-amp same as that 45nm technology. The trade-off curves are computed between various characteristics such as Gain, Phase Margin,GBW,3db Gain etc. and the results obtained for 45n CMOS Technology is compared with those obtained for 180nm CMOS Technology It has been demonstrated that on lowering the technology and keeping the slew rate constant, the Power dissipation decreases.. Key words: Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier), CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), Slew Rate, Two-Stage, Cadence, 45nm, 180nm, Power Dissipation Reference [1] Amana Yadav, Design of Two-Stage CMOS Op-Amp and Analyze the Effect of Scaling, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.647-654 [2] Ron Mancini, OPAmps for Everyone, Texas Instruments, August 2002, 11.1-11.22. [3] Prabhat kumar, Alpana Pandey , Low Power Operational Amplifier, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences, June-August, 2013 pp170- 174. [4] B. Razavi, Design of analog cmos integrated circuits (New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 2001). [5] Kang Sung-Mo, Leblebici Yusuf, Cmos digital integrated circuits, analysis and design (Tata McGraw-Hill Edition 2003, Third Edition). Siddharth, Mehul Garg, Aditya Gahlaut	64-67
12.	CFD Studies of Combustion in Direct Injection Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Non-Premixed Combustion Model CFD Studies of Combustion in Direct Injection Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Non-Premixed Combustion Model Abstract: In this study the simulation process of non-premixed combustion in a direct injection single cylinder diesel engine has been described. Direct injection diesel engines are used both in heavy duty vehicles and light duty vehicles. The fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber. The fuel mixes with the high pressure air in the combustion chamber and combustion occurs. Due to the non-premixed nature of the combustion occurring in such engines, non-premixed combustion model of ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 can be used to simulate the combustion process. A 4-stroke diesel engine corresponds to one fuel injector hole without considering valves was modeled and combustion simulation process was studied. Here two types of combustion chambers were compared. Combustion studies of both chambers:- shallow depth and hemispherical combustion chambers were carried out. Emission characteristics of both combustion chambers had also been carried out. The obtained results are compared. It has been found that hemispherical combustion chamber is more efficient as it produces higher pressure and temperature compared to that of shallow depth combustion chamber. As the temperature increases the formation of NOx emissions and soot formation also get increased. Key words: CFD, Combustion modeling, Diesel combustion, k-_ε model, NO_x emissions Reference [1] Apparao K, Srinivasa Rao P and Rajagopal K, "Study of multiple injections in (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) HCCI engine using computational fluid dynamics", Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research Vol. 3(4), pp. 103-113, April 2011. [2] A. R. Binesh, and S. Hossainpour, "Three Dimensional Modeling of Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Direct Injection Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine" , International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 2:4 2008. [3] Heywood, John B , "Internal combustion engines fundamentals", 1988, pp:668-671. [4] Joon Kyu Lee, Yong-Mo Kim, Jae-Hyun Ahn, "Numerical Modeling of Combustio Processes and Pollutants Formations in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines", KSME International Journal, VoL 16No. 7, pp. 1009--1018, 2002. [5] Mohamed Bencherif, Mohand Tazerout, Abdelkrim Liazid, "Turbulence-Combustion Interaction in Direct Injection Diesel Engine" S Gavudhama Karunanidhi, Nithin Balakrishnan, G Subba Rao	68-73
13.	Cfd Studies of Two Stroke Petrol Engine Scavenging Cfd Studies of Two Stroke Petrol Engine Scavenging Abstract: This project deals with the numerical analysis of 2 stroke engine scavenging in two cases. One with an existing condition (Flat headed pistons) and another with a new design (Dome headed piston) .The numerical analysis is done with help of CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5. Here, the modeling of engine piston with flat headed type and with dome headed types was done in workbench. In ANSYS FLUENT after the geometrical design, for the dynamic motion meshing is used and set up species transport model also. At first the scavenging effect of flat headed piston is analyzed. Later the simulation of piston with dome headed type was also checked. Analyzing the variations from each and selected the best method for scavenging. Finally the scavenging efficiency is calculated for both type arrangements. Key words: CFD, Air-Mass fraction, CO2-Mass fraction, Scavenging, k-ε model, FVM, FEM, FDM Reference [1] A computational study of free-piston diesel engine combustion R. Mikalsen, A.P. Roskilly [2] Analysis of Combustion and Emissions in a Large Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine, Using CFD and T-φ Mapping [3] CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Combustion in Direct Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel. ISSN 09764259. [4] CFD-based optimization of fuel injection strategies in a diesel engine using an adaptive gradient method Franz X. Tanner, Seshasai Srinivasan. [5] CFD modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow inside a pent-roof type combustion chamber using dynamic model. S Gavudhama Karunanidhi, NithinV S, G Subba Rao	74-79
14.	General Solution of Equations of Motion of Axisymmetric Problem of Micro-Isotropic, Micro-Elastic Solid General Solution of Equations of Motion of Axisymmetric Problem of Micro-Isotropic, Micro-Elastic Solid Abstract: In this paper, we obtain the general solution of equations of motion of axisymmetric problem of micro-isotropic, micro-elastic solid in static case. The equations of motion of axisymmetric problem are converted into vector matrix differential equations using the Hankel transform. Applying the technique of solving the eigen value problem, the general solution of the said problem is obtained. The results of the corresponding problem in linear micropolar elasticity are obtained as a particular case of this paper. Key words: Micro-isotropic, micro-elastic solid, Eigen value, Hankel transform. Reference [1] Eringen, A.C.: Theory of micropolar elasticity in fracture-II, Academic Press, New York, pp.621-729 (1968). [2] Eringen, A.C.: Mechanics of micromorphic materials, In "Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Applied Mechanics, Munich", Berlin, pp.131-138 (1964b). [3] Koh, S.L.: A special theory of microelasticity, International Journal of Engineering Science, 8, pp.583- 593 (1970). [4] Nowacki, W.: The axisymmetric Lamb's problem in a semi-infinite micropolar elastic solid, Proc. Vibr. Probl. Warsaw, 10 (2), p.97 (1969). [5] Das, N.C., Das, S.N. and Das, B.: Eigen value approach to thermoelasticity, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 6 (1), pp.35-43 (1983). R. Srinivas, M. N. Rajashekar and K. Sambaiah	80-90
15.	Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in Kuttanad Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in Kuttanad Abstract: The Thanneermukkam bund was constructed to resolve the salinity problems faced by the farmers of Kuttanad; though it could reduce the problems to a large extend it had many ill effects such as water pollution, spread of aquatic weeds and other flora and fauna related problems. The main objective is to reduce the salinity level in Vembanad Lake during summer season that is during the closure period of Thanneermukkam Bund (TMB). The problem is solved efficiently by adapting following methods (1) water is taken from Muvattupuzha River, and conveyed through a regulator to Kuttanad region during summer season to dilute the water and keep the salinity below 2ppt and (2) water is collected in the pazhnilam before the closure of TMB and pumped out into Lake surrounding at times of acute shortage. The design of the regulator, its location and working is also discussed along with the various management techniques to be adopted in Kuttanad for effective implementation of the project. A proposal for management of water quantity and salinity for the natural water system of Kuttanad is developed. Key words: Augmentation, Kuttanad, Salinity Management. Reference [1]. "Measures to Mitigate Agraian Distress in Allapuzha and Kuttanad Wet land Ecosystem", M S Swaminathan Research Foundation, 2002 [2]. Kuttanad Development Project, 1972 [3]. "Kuttanad Water Balance Study", Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Netherlands, 1989 [4]. M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Report. [5]. http://www.kuttanadpackage.in Geeja K George, Charles P Joseph, Karthik C, Nebu Thomas, Vipin Jose	91-95
16.	Microcontroller–Based Modified SEPIC Converter for Driving Lamp with Power Factor Correction Microcontroller–Based Modified SEPIC Converter for Driving Lamp with Power Factor Correction Abstract: A methodological study of electronic ballast for electrode less lamps including design and development issues is presented in this paper. The ballast is intended to feed a 300 W ultra violet lamp at 100 kHz with dimming feature. The proposed topology is composed of a Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC), used as power factor correction (PFC) stage, integrated with a resonant half-bridge inverter, used as lamp power control (PC) stage. The integration of both stages is proposed in this paper, in order to reduce the number of active switches, as well as to simplify the required driving and control circuitry for this application. The implemented topology attained very high power factor (0.9982), and low line current total harmonic distortion (THD) (1.86%), without using electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter, while the measured efficiency was 90% at nominal lamp power. Index Terms: Ultra violet Lamps, Integration Technique, High Power Factor, High Switching Frequency. Reference [1] M. F. da Silva, J. Fraytag, M. E. Schlittler, T. B. Marchesan. "Analysis and Design of a Single-Stage High-Power-Factor Dimmable Electronic Ballast for Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp", vol. 51, no. 6, July 2012. [2] Verderber, R.R.; Morse, O.C.; Rubinstein, F.M.; "Performance of electronic ballast and controls with 34 and 40 Watt F40 fluorescent lamps" IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.25, no.6,Pp.1049- 1059, Nov. 1989. [3] National Resources Canada. "Commercial and Institutional Retrofits -Technical Information - Fluorescent Lamp And Ballast Options", Out.2002. [4] Do Prado, R.N.; Bonaldo, S.A.; Moreira, M.C.; Vidor, D.L.R.;"Electronic ballast with a high power factor for fluorescent lamps",Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '96 Record, 27th Annual IEEE, vol.2, pp.1215-1220, Jun. 1996. [5] Osram Sylvania. "Quicktronic® Powersense™ T5 Dimming". Digital Catalog: Electronic T5 Fluorescent Controllable Lighting Systems, pp.4.04. Jan. 2011. S.Yamuna, M. Chitra, C.Gokul	96-100
17.	Development And Implementation Of OFDM Transceiver For WLAN Applications Development And Implementation Of OFDM Transceiver For WLAN Applications Abstract: Multi-Carrier modulation is a technique for data transmission by multiplexing a low bit-rate data streams to modulated carriers into signal Wideband Carrier. Multi-Carrier transmission has a lot of useful properties such as delay-spread tolerance and spectrum efficiency that encourage their use in untethered broadband communication. OFDM is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation scheme with densely spaced sub-carriers that has gained a lot of popularity among the broadband community in the last few years. OFDM can provide large data rate with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. OFDM works on the principle of Orthogonality. The orthogonality between subcarriers which is at the core of OFDM modulation requires a perfect synchronization. OFDM has properties like high spectral efficiency, Resiliency to RF interference and Lower multi-path distortion. This work is concentrated in implementing both transmitter and receiver using Matlab software and also to verify whether the transmitted data is obtained at the receiver side. As we are using the OFDM technique we will be having bandwidth efficiency when compared to the normal FDM technique. Key words: Digital Baseband modulation, IQ modulation, Orthogonality, OFDM, PAPR. Reference [1] Google. (2014), Digital Modulation in Communication Systems. Retrieved Jan 30,2014,cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7160E.pdf. [2] OFDM SIMULATION USING MATLAB Neha Pathak International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 1 Issue 6, August – 2012 [3] Chi-Tsong Chen "System and Signal Analysis" Thomson, 1988 [4] R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM Wireless Multimedia Communications, Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000. [5] Heiskala, Juha and Terry, John. OFDM Wireless LANs: A Theoretical and Practical Guide SAMS 2001. Ch. Girish Kumar, K. Sripath Roy	101-106
18.	Privacy Preservation and Restoration of Data Using Unrealized Data Sets Privacy Preservation and Restoration of Data Using Unrealized Data Sets Abstract: In today's world, there is an improved advance in hardware technology which increases the capability to store and record personal data about consumers and individuals. Data mining extracts knowledge to support a variety of areas as marketing, medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, national security etc successfully. Still there is a challenge to extract certain kinds of data without violating the data owners' privacy. As data mining becomes more enveloping, such privacy concerns are increasing. This gives birth to a new category of data mining method called privacy preserving data mining algorithm (PPDM). The aim of this algorithm is to protect the easily affected information in data from the large amount of data set. The privacy preservation of data set can be expressed in the form of decision tree. This paper proposes a privacy preservation based on data set complement algorithms which store the information of the real dataset. So that the private data can be safe from the unauthorized party, if some portion of the data can be lost, then we can recreate the original data set from the unrealized dataset and the perturbed data set. Index Terms: Data mining, Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM), Decision Tree, Decision Tree Learning, ID3 algorithm, C4.5 algorithm, Unrealized Dataset, Data Perturbation, Dataset Complementation. Reference [1] Pui K. Fong And Jens H. Weber-Jahnke, "Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Learning Using Unrealized Data Sets" Proc. IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2, February 2012. [2] J. Dowd, S. Xu, and W. Zhang, "Privacy-Preserving Decision Tree Mining Based on Random Substitions," Proc. Int'l Conf Emerging Trends in Information and Comm. Security (ETRICS '06), pp. 145-159, 2006. [3] C. Aggarwal and P. Yu, Privacy-Preserving Data Mining:, Models and Algorithms. Springer, 2008. [4] L. Liu, M. Kantarcioglu, and B. Thuraisingham, "Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Mining from Perturbed Data," Proc. 42nd Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS '09), 2009. [5] Y. Lindell and B. Pinkas "Privacy preserving data mining" In Advances in Cryptology, volume 1880 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 36–53. Springer-Verlag, 2000. Sharmila A. Harale, Prof. A. K. Bongale	107-111
19.	A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Borewell Water In Sugar Town, Mandya City, Karnataka State, India A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Borewell Water In Sugar Town, Mandya City, Karnataka State, India Abstract: Groundwater is a natural resource for drinking water .In addition to the population growth, urbanization and industrialization also extend the demand of water. Providing safe drinking water supply to the ever growing urban and sub-urban population is going to be a challenge to the civil authorities, city planners, policy makers and environmentalists. Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas of Mandya. Mandya city is rapidly raising population, changing lifestyle and intense competition among users- agriculture, industry and domestic sectors is driving the groundwater table lower. Besides, discharge of untreated wastewater through bores and leachate from unscientific disposal of solid wastes also contaminate groundwater, thereby reducing quality of fresh water resources. The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index for the ground water samples of Sugar town, Mandya city. The groundwater samples of about 40 samples were collected and subjected for a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The purposes of this investigation are to provide an overview of present ground water quality for the following 12 parameters such as pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, fluoride, alkalinity are to be considered for calculating the WQI. The results are analyzed by WQI method for predicting water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a very useful and effective way for assessing the quality of water. WQI is a very useful tool for communicating the information on overall quality of water. Key words: Groundwater, Water quality standards, Water quality characteristics, Water quality index. Reference [1] Mangukiya R., Bhattacharya T., and Chakraborty S (2012),"Quality Characterization of Groundwater using Water Quality Index in Surat city, Gujarat, India", International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, 1(4): 14-23 [2] Nagarajappa D P., Rajappa B., Manjappa s., and Puttaiah E T., (2011), "Physico chemical analysis of underground water of Harihara taluk of Davanagere district, Karnataka, India", Advances in applied science research, 2(5): 143-150 [3] Shivasharanappa., Srinivas P., and Mallikarjun Huggi S (2011), "Assessment of ground water quality characteristics and Water Quality Index (WQI) of Bidar city and its industrial area, Karnataka State, India", International journal of environmental sciences, 2(2): 965-976 [4] APHA, American Public Health Association (2003), standard method for examination of water & wastewater specifications, Washington DC, 6, 19th Edition. [5] Bureau of Indian Standards, 1993, (IS 10500:1991), Edition 2.1 Shivaprasad H, Nagarajappa D P, Sham Sundar K M	112-123
20.	Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive Abstract: Variable structure control is an adaptive control that gives robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. Variable control structure is a robust control scheme based on the concept of changing the structure of the controller in response to the changing state of the system in order to obtain a desired response. The control is nonlinear and can be applied to the linear or nonlinear plant. A high speed switching control action is used to switch between different structures of the controller and the trajectory of the system is forced to move along a chosen switching manifold in the state space. The controller detects the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference trajectory and corresponding changes the switching strategy to restore the tracking. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By using Variable structure controller to control the step change in reference speed and drive system under load torque variations. Key words: scalar control, vector control Reference [1] Bose B.K.,"Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2004 [2] R.M. Cuzner, R.D. Lorenz, D.W. Novotny, "Application of non-linear observers for rotor position detection on an induction motor using machine voltages and currents," IEEEIAS Annual Meeting Conference Record, October 1990, pp. 416– 421. [3] Atkinson D. J., P. P. Acarnley and J. W. Finch, "Application of estimation technique in vector controlled inductin motor drives," IEE Conference Proceeding, London, July 1990, pp. 358-363. [4] A. Ferrah, K.G. Bradely, G.M. Asher, "Sensorless speed detection of inverter fed induction motors using rotor slot harmonics and fast Fourier transform," IEEE-PESC Conference Record, October 1992, pp. 279– 286. [5] Chan, C. C., and H. Q. Wang, "New scheme of sliding mode control for high performance induction motor drives," IEE Proc. on Electric Power Applications, vol. 143, no. 3, May 1996, pp 177- 185. Prasad. Ch, Mouliswararao. R, Bhaskararao. K	124-131
21.	Zigbee Based Indoor Campus Inventory Tracking Using Rfid Module Zigbee Based Indoor Campus Inventory Tracking Using Rfid Module Abstract: This is a very useful application of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and is very commonly used in institutes, offices, homes and so on. An RFID system consists of a reader device and a transponder. A transponder or tag has a unique serial number which is identified by the reader. Here RFID has been interfaced with ARM Processor to provide secured access. The relevant messages are also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Key fobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers. RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write,i.e tag data can be rewritten or modified. Passive tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader. Key words: Zigbee, RFID Reference [1] Victor S, Jonathan M, Reece J, and Lemire J(2003),"Student Wolfpack Club Tracking System", North Carolina State University. USA. [2] Longe O.O.(2009),"Implementation of Student Attendance System using RFID Technology", B. Tech Project Report, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,Ogbomoso, Nigeria. [3] Liu C.M and Chen L.S (2009), "Applications of RFID technology for improving production efficiency in an Integrated-circuit packaging house," International Journal of Production Research, vol 47, no. 8, pp. 2203-2216,. [4] RFIDSensNet Lab (2005), A white paper on Automatic Attendance System. Texas A & M University, Texas,USA. [5] Bardaki,C., Kourouthanassis, P. and Pramatari, K., (2012),Deploying RFID-Enabled Services in the Retail Supply Chain: Lessons Learned toward the Internet of Things, Information Systems Management, Vol. 29: no.3, pp. 233-245.. M. Gireesh Kumar, K. Sripath Roy	132-136
22.	Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrites Prepared By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Technique Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrites Prepared By Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Technique Abstract: The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni_0.2Cu_xZn_0.8-xFe₂O₄ (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500^oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (d_x) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size. Key words: Ferrites, Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method, XRD, SEM, EDS. Reference [1] M.Pardavi-Horvath, J Magn Magn Mater 215/216, 171 (2000) [2] T. Abbas, Y.Khan, M.Ahmed, S.Anwer, solid state communi 82 (1992)701 [3] P.K.Roy and J.Bera, J Magn Magn mater 298,38,(2006) [4] P.D.Thang, G.Riginders and D.H.Blank, J Magn Magn mater296,251(2005) [5] M.F.F.lelis , A.O.Porto, C.M.goncalvers, and J.D.Fabris, J J Magn Magn mater278,263 (2004) N. Hari Kumar, G. Aravind, D. Ravinder, T.Somaiah, B. Ravinder Reddy	137-141
23.	Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened in Bending Moment Region with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Sheets Experimental Study of the Flexural Behaviour of Damaged RC Beams Strengthened in Bending Moment Region with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Sheets Abstract: This paper presents the flexural behaviour of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. For flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams, total twenty-two beams were cast and tested over an effective span of 900 mm up to failure of the beam under two-point loading. The beams were designed as under-reinforced beams. The beams were bonded with BFRP sheets in single layer and double layers in the bending moment region at the bottom face of the beam. Out of the twenty-two beams two beams were control beams and remaining beams were strengthened after being damaged for various degrees of damage (0 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90% and 100 %). The experimental results show that the beams strengthened show high load carrying capacity. Key words: Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP), Bending moment region, Control beam, Reinforced Concrete, Strengthened beam, Ultimate Load carrying capacity. Reference [1] Lankinen C. W. and Soudki K. A. (2008). "Behaviour of rectangular reinforced concrete members confined with GFRP sheets", Fourth International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE2008) 22-24 July 2008, Zurich, Switzerland. [2] Singaravadivelan R., Sakthieswaren N. and Dr. Muthuramu K. L. (2012). "Experimental Investigation on the Behaviour of Flexural Strengthening of Beam Using Basalt Fiber", International Conference on Automotive, Mechanical and Materials Engineering (ICAMME' 2012) Penang (Malaysia) May 19-20. [3] David E., Ragneau E. and Buyle-Bodin F. (2003). "Experimental analysis of flexural behavior of externally bonded CFRP reinforced concrete structures", Materials and Structures, Vol. 36, pp.238-241. [4] Esfahani M.R., Kianoush M.R., Tajari A.R. (2007). "Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by CFRP sheets", Engineering Structures, Vol. 29, pp. 2428–2444. [5] Jadhav H. S. and Shiyekar M. R. (2011). "Performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with GFRP laminate configuration", International Journal of 3R's, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2010, pp. 192-195. Akshay P. Gholkar, H. S. Jadhav	142-145
24.	Effect of Cooking on the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Properties of Small Indigenous Fish Species of the Eastern Himalayas Effect of Cooking on the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Properties of Small Indigenous Fish Species of the Eastern Himalayas Abstract: The effect of cooking method on the polyunsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant properties of small indigenous freshwater fish species, Amblypharyngodon mola and Puntius sophore of the Eastern Himalayas were determined. In the raw and fried samples, docosahexaenoic acid was significantly higher (2.907 and 1.167mg/100g) in Amblypharyngodon mola and lowest (0.749 and 0.291mg/100g) were recorded in Puntius sophore. The eicosapentaenoic acid of raw, fried and curried samples of Amblypharyngodon mola were recorded higher. In DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay of IC₅₀ value of the raw fish extract were 2.9μg/ml and 1.66μg/ml respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in fish curry of Amblypharyngodon mola (0.11μg/ml). It shows that the Maillard reaction product forms the melanoidin during cooking, increases the antioxidant property of the fish curry and also improved the taste. Key words: Small indigenous fishes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant activity, cooking methods, Eastern Himalayas Reference [1] PK Talwar & AG Jhingran: Inland Fishes of India and adjacent countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Cooperative Private Limited New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta, Vol-1 and Vol-2 ,1991, 1-1063 [2] UK Sarkar & WS Lakra: Small indigenous freshwater fish species of India: Significance, Conservation and utilization, Aquaculture Asia Magazine15, 2010, 34-35 [3] B Ames, MK Shigenega and TM Hagen, Oxidants antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of ageing. Proc. Natl Acad Sci, USA 90, 1993, 7915-7955 [4] TO Idowu, EO Iwalewa, BA Aderogba, Akinpelu, and AO Ogundaini, Antinoceptive, inflammatory and antioxidant of eleagnine. An alkanoid isolated from Chrysophyllum albidum seed cotyledons. J. Bio. Sci, 6, 2006, 1029-1034 [5] LA Luzia, GR Sampaio, CMN Castellucci, EAFS Torre, The influence of season on the lipid profile of five commercially important species of Braxilian fish. Food chemistry 83, 2003, 93-97 Wahengbam Sarjubala Devi, Ch. Sarojnalini	146-151
25.	Interfacing Of PIC 18F252 Microcontroller with Real Time Clock via I2C Protocol Interfacing Of PIC 18F252 Microcontroller with Real Time Clock via I2C Protocol Abstract: This paper describes a microcontroller based digital clock which can be used in real time systems. The system is constructed using PIC18F252 (microcontroller), DS1307 (real time clock IC) and its software program is written with C programming language. A 3v battery backup is provided to real time clock IC. Communication between PIC microcontroller and DS1307 takes place through I²C Bus protocol Key words: I2C, LCD, PIC, RTC, DS1307 Reference [1] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey, "PIC Microcontroller and Embedded System," Pearson Education, INC., Pearson Prentice Hall. [2] Vicent Himpe, "Mastering the I2C Bus: LabWorX 1". [3] Martin P. Bates, "Programming 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers in C", second edition [4] Basics of I2C from "www.embedded.com" [5] "Real Time Clock on the MSP430"-Taxas Instrument, published on Jan 2001. Arnab G. Samanta	152-156
26.	Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE Systems Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE Systems Abstract: There is an increasing demand for high data transmission rates with the evolution of the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems are used to fulfill these requirements because of their unique properties such as high spectral efficiency, high data rate and resistance towards multipath propagation. MIMO-OFDM systems are finding their applications in the modern wireless communication systems like IEEE 802.11n, 4G and LTE. They also offer reliable communication with the increased coverage area. The bottleneck to the MIMO-OFDM systems is the estimation of the channel state information (CSI). This can be estimated with the help of any one of the Training Based, Semiblind and Blind Channel estimation algorithms. This paper presents various channel estimation algorithms, optimization techniques and their effective utilization in MIMO-OFDM for modern wireless LTE systems. Key words: Spectral Efficiency, OFDM, MIMO-OFDM systems, Channel Estimation, Channel State information, Pilot Carriers, subspace approach, LTE. Reference [1] W Hardjawana, R Li, B Vucetic and Y Li, "A New Iterative Channel Estimation for High Mobility MIMO-OFDM Systems," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1-5, 2010. [2] N Aboutorab,W Hardjawana,B Vucetic, "A New Iterative Doppler-Assisted Channel Estimation Joint With Parallel ICI Cancellation for High-Mobility MIMO-OFDM Systems," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VOL. 61, pp. 1577 - 1589, 2012. [3] MM Rana, MK Hosain, "Adaptive Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM Systems," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 1, No.6, pp. 134-138, 2010. [4] A Khlifi and R Bouallegue, "Performance Analysis of LS and LMMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for LTE Downlink Systems," International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 141-149, 2011. [5] J Ketonen, M Juntti, J Ylioinas and J R. Cavallaro, "Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Implementation for Spectral Efficiency Improvement in Mobile MIMO-OFDM," Springer Science, DOI 10.1007/s11265-013-0833-4, 2013. P. Venkateswarlu, R. Nagendra	157-161
28.	Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV Services Delay Efficient Method for Delivering IPTV Services Abstract: Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system through which Internet television services are delivered using the architecture and networking methods of the Internet Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network infrastructure, e.g., the Internet and broadband Internet access networks, instead of being delivered through traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal, and cable television (CATV) formats. IPTV provides mainly three services: live TV, catch up TV, and video on demand (VoD).This paper focuses on delivering the live TV services by exploiting the virtualised cloud architecture of the IPTV and statistical multiplexing. The VoD tasks are prescheduled so that there will be less Instant Channel Change (ICC) delay. We select a proper scheduling algorithm for rescheduling the VoD tasks. We then implement the scheduling algorithm for preshifting the VoD tasks. Key words: IPTV, Statistical multiplexing, Virtualization, Vo D, Live TV, Scheduling, ICC Delay Reference [1] Vaneet Aggarwal, Vijay Gopalakrishnan, Rittwik Jana, K. K. Ramakrishnan, and Vinay A. Vaishampayan," Optimizing Cloud Resources for Delivering IPTV Services through Virtualization", In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), Jan. 2012. [2] V.Aggarwal, V.Gopalakrishnan, R.Jana, K. K. Ramakrishnan, and V. Vaishampayan, "Exploiting Virtualization for Delivering Cloud-based IPTV Services," in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM (mini-conference), Shanghai, April 2011. [3] D. Banodkar, K. K. Ramakrishnan, S. Kalyanaraman, A. Gerber, and O. Spatscheck, "Multicast instant channel change in IPTV system," in Proceedings of IEEE COMSWARE, January 2008. [4] H. A. Lagar-Cavilla, J. A. Whitney, A. Scannell, R. B. P. Patchin, S. M.Rumble, E. de Lara, M. Brudno, and M. Satyanarayanan, "SnowFlock:Virtual Machine Cloning as a First Class Cloud Primitive," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), 2011. [5] A. Dan, D. Sitaram, and P. Shahabuddin, "Scheduling Policies for an On-Demand Video Server with Batching," in Proc. of ACM Multimedia, San Francisco, CA, October 1994, pp. 15–23. Sangamesh, Shilpa. K. Gowda	167-170
29.	Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis Abstract: A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis. Key words: HVAC system, Life cycle cost analysis Reference [1] MaQuay chiller product catalogue [2] www.stcpl.com [3] ASHRAE Hanbook 2012 [4] ISHRAE Handbook - HVAC applications Jignesh M. Barot	171-174
30.	Reversible Encrypytion and Information Concealment Reversible Encrypytion and Information Concealment Abstract: Recently, a lot of attention is paid to reversible data hiding (RDH) in encrypted pictures, since it maintains the wonderful property that the initial image cover will be losslessly recovered when embedded data is extracted, whereas protects the image content that is need to be kept confidential. Other techniques used antecedently are to embed data by reversibly vacating area from the pictures, that area unit been encryted, may cause some errors on information extraction or image restoration. In this paper, we propose a unique methodology by reserving room before secret writing (i.e reserving room before encryption) with a conventional RDH algorithmic rule, and thus it becomes straightforward for hider to reversibly embed data in the encrypted image. The projected methodology is able to implement real reversibility, that is, information extraction and image recovery area unit free of any error. This methodology embedds larger payloads for constant image quality than the antecedently used techniques, like for PSNR= 40db. Key words: Reversible data hiding, privacy protection, bar chart shift, image secret writing. Reference [1] Kede Ma,Weiming Zhang,Xeianfeng Zhao,"Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption" IEEE Trans. On information forensic and security,VOL.8NO.3 March 2013. [2] W. Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Improving various reversible data hiding schemes via optimal codes for binary covers," IEEE Trans.Image Process., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2991–3003,Jun. 2012. [3] W.Zhang, B. Chen, and N. Yu, "Capacity-approaching codes for reversible data hiding," in Proc 13th Information Hiding (IH'2011) LNCS 6958, 2011, pp. 255–269, SpringerVerlag. [4] T. Kalker and F.M.Willems, "Capacity bounds and code constructions for reversible data hiding," in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing (DSP2002), 2002, pp. 71–76. [5] X. L. Li, B. Yang, and T. Y. Zeng, "Efficient reversible watermarking based on adaptive prediction-error expansion and pixel selection, IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 3524–3533, Dec. 2011. Meenal V. Jagdale, Dr. Shubhalaxmi P. Hingway, Sheeja S. Suresh	175-180
31.	Machinability Study on Al-7si Alloy Subjected To Grain Refinement Machinability Study on Al-7si Alloy Subjected To Grain Refinement Abstract: The present investigation deals with refining the grain structure of Al-7Si (LM25) alloy by adding a suitable amount of grain refiner namely Al-5T-1B and the same was subjected to mechanical vibration. The process involves melting of Al-7Si alloy in an electrical furnace and the molten alloy was degassed using hexachloro ethane degassing tablets. Then the grain refiner was added and later transferred to a pre coated and pre heated metallic die. The alloy was then subjected to mechanical vibration for the process of grain refinement. The Machinability of aluminium alloy during continuous turning of composite rods using carbide tool inserts. The main focus of investigation is to determine Power consumption & Force. Experiments were conducted in the lathe dynamometer by using carbide insert at various parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The effect of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed and depth of cut on the Power consumption & Force investigated during experimentation Key words: Al-Si alloys, casting, Machinability test, turning Reference [1] T.M. Chandrashekharaiah, S.A. Kori. Effect of grain refinement and modification on the dry sliding wear behaviour of eutectic Al– Si alloys. Tribology International 42 (2009) ,59– 65 [2] Kori S., Murty B., Chakraborty M.; Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al-7% Si alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, Volume 280, Issue 1 (2000): 58-61. [3] M. El-Gallab, M. Sklad (1998), "Machining of Al:SiC particulate metal matrix composites Workpiece Surface integrity", Journal of Materials Processing Technology,83, 277–285. [4] Manna, B. Bhattacharayya (2005) "Influence of machining parameters on the Machinability of particulate reinforced Al/SiCMMC, Advance Manufacturing Technology, 850–856. [5] RavinderTonk and Jasbir Singh Ratol "Investigation of the Effects of the Parametric Variations in Turning Process of En31 Alloy" International Journal on Emerging Technologies 3(1): pp.160- 164(2012) Sachin N. K, Mohan Kumar. S, Pavan Kumar. B	181-185
32.	A Low Power down Conversion CMOS Gilbert Mixer for Wireless Communications A Low Power down Conversion CMOS Gilbert Mixer for Wireless Communications Abstract: In this paper a design of low power 2.4GHz (RF) down conversion Gilbert Cell mixer, implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8V supply voltage is presented. The obtained result shows a conversion gain equal to 6.7dB and third order Input intercept point -1db, power consumption of 3.86mW at 1.8V supply voltage. The 50Ω matched impedance condition is applicable. Result shows a good potential of this CMOS mixer and justify its use for low-power wireless communications. Key words: Mixer, Gilbert Cell, RFIC, CMOS Technology, linearity, down conversion Reference [1] T. Chouchane, M. Sawan, "A 5 GHz CMOS RF Mixer in 0.18 μm CMOS Technology," IEEE CCECE 2003, Montreal, May 2003. [2] D. Leenaerts, J. Van der Tang, Cicero S. Voucher, Circuit Design for RF Transceivers, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 2001, pp : 122 – 128. [3] C.F Au-Yeung and K.K.M.Cheng, "CMOS mixer Linearization by the low frequency Signal injection method," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol 1,pp.95-98, June 2003. [4] Hung-Che Wei, Ro-Min Weng, Chih-Lung Hsiaoand Kun-Yi Lin, " A 1.5V 2.4GHz CMOS \ Mixer with High Linearity", The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference Circuit and Systems,Dec 6-9, 2004. [5] S. G. Lee and J. K. Choi, "Current-reuse bleeding mixer", IEEE Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 696–697, Apr.2000. [6] Thomas Lee, "The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated circuits", Cambridge University Press, second edition 2004, ISBN 0-521-835389-9, Chapter 13. Manoj Kumar Pandram, R.C Gurjar	186-190