Peer Reviewed Journal

Unmanned Airplane Autopilot Tuning

Abstract: This article considers different approaches for autopilot controller gain values adjustment. The correct autopilot performance is tested using modeling methods. A variant of land-based autopilot is considered. Examined are scenarios of UAV airplanes in level flight. The latter are applicable to tasks such as remote sensing, controlled area surveillance, etc.

Key words: flight control, autopilot, safety.

Reference
[1] Mihalev I.A., B.N. Okoemov, I.G. Pavlina, M.S. Chikulaev, N.M. Eidinov. Automatic airplane control systems – methods for analysis and synthesis, "Mashinostroenie" publ., Moscow 1971

Development of Wearable Antennas with Different Cotton Textiles

Abstract: Recent advancement in medical applications is wearable antenna. As this is a wearable type it should have low weight, low profile and low cost. In this paper we have designed Microstrip rectangular patch antenna used for this application. Cotton Textiles with different dielectric values are used as substrates for this antenna. The antenna is fed with co-axial feed. Here we have examined the radiation characteristics, return loss and gain which are the critical parameters of wearable antenna for monitoring and diagnosing patient's condition. These are performed by using ANSOFT HFSS.

Key words: wearable antenna, cotton textile, dielectric value, Return loss, gain.

Reference
[1] C.A.Balanis, "Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,"Johnwiely&sons, New York, 1997.
[2] Randy Bancroft,"Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006.
[3] S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta,"Development of Textile Antennas For Body Wearable Applications And Investigation On Their Performance Under Bent Conditions", Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 22, 53-71, 2010.
[4] S. Daya Murali,"Triple Band Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna Mounted On Silk Substrate For Wearable Applications", IJSR, Vol. 3, Issue. 6, Page-8.
[5] Marian Wnuk, Marek Bugaj, "Wearable Antenna Constructed in MicrostripTechnology", Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceeddings, KL, Malaysia, March 27-30, 2012,67.

Improvement of Voltage Quality of Micro Turbine Generator With Matrix Converter & Venturini Technique's

Abstract: In recent years, application of Distributed Generation (DG) sources has increased significantly. Micro turbine-Generator (MTG) is well suitable for different distributed generation applications, because it can be connected in parallel to serve larger loads, can provide reliable power and has low-emission. The main characteristics of MTG can be summarized in low maintenance, capacity of operation with liquid and gas fuels (including natural gas) and small area required for installation [1]. MTGs have the rated power from 30 to 250 kW, generating electricity in ac, and they can be installed in isolated conditions or synchronized with the electrical utility.MTGs are available as single-shaft or split-shaft units. Single-shaft unit is a high-speed synchronous machine with the compressor and turbine mounted on the same shaft. While, the split-shaft design uses a power turbine rotating at 3000 rpm and a conventional generator connected via a synchronous generator-PMSG), frequency converters (interface converters), and protection and control systems (Fig. 1)[1] . The interface converter is used to convert PMSG output voltage frequency (high frequency) to power system (50/60 Hz) frequency.

Key words: Micro- turbine Genrator (MTG), Distributed generators, Matrix Converter (MC), Harmonics (H),

Reference
[1] A. K. Saha, S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, and P. A. Crossley, "Modeling and performance analysis of a microturbine as a distributed energy resource", IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 529-538, Jun. 2009.
[2] T. Yu, J. Tong, and K. W. Chan, "Study on microturbine as a back-up power supply for power grid black-start", IEEE Int. Conf. 2009.
[3] R. Noroozian, M. Abedi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and S. H. Hosseini, "Modelling and simulation of microturbine generation system for on-grid and off-grid operation modes", Int.l Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'09), Apr. 2009.
[4] A.P. W. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. C. Clare, L.Empringham, and Weinstein, "Matrix Converters: A Technology Review", IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 276-288, Apr. 2002.
[5] G.P. W. Wheeler, J. C. Clare, L. Empringham, M. Bland, and K.G. Kerris, "A vector-controlled MCT matrix converter induction motor drive with minimized commutation time and enhanced waveform quality", IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., pp. 59-65, Jan./Feb. 2004.

Big Data and Data Analytics: An Action Platform for the Science of Prediction

Abstract: Analytics is the detection and communication of meaningful motive in data. Analytics plays a key role in areas rich with recorded information. The role of data is escalating tenaciously in the present day. Analysis of the data is the process of inspecting, removing the obsolete information and transforming the data into useful information. Data analytics approach is pragmatic in nature. Data Analytics uses multiple approaches and techniques, like use of mathematical approach and data analytics is used in multiple domains namely business, technology, automobile and many more. This paper focuses on how data plays a key role in the field of analytics. It deals with the implementation of data analytics in different domains. Data analytics:An action platform for the science of prediction.

Key words: Analytics,Data Analytics,Prediction

Reference
[1] Mechanical Mathematical Models Describing the Dynamic Behaviour of Vehicle with ARM Suspension, Kunchev L ., M. Eng. Pavlov N., Technical University – Sofia, Bulgaria
[2] Understanding Parameters Influencing Tire Modeling, Nicholas D. Smith Colorado State University, 2004 Formula SAE Platform
[3] Numerical Prediction of the Dynamic Behaviour of Rolling Tyres, C. González Díaz, S. Vercammen, J. Middelberg, P. Kindt, C. Thiry, J. Leyssens Goodyear Innovation Center, Tire Vehicle Mechanics Department
[4] Race Car Vehicle Dynamics(William F Milliken and Douglas L. Milliken)
[5] Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics(Thomas D. Gillespie)

Prototypic Gps-Gsm Integration for Enhancing Public Transportation and Management Services.

Abstract: This paper proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management services based on GPS and GSM. Travel time information is a vital component of many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In recent years, the number of vehicles in India has increased tremendously, leading to severe traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas, particularly during peak periods. A desirable strategy to deal with such issues is to shift more people from personal vehicles to public transport by providing better service (comfort, convenience and so on). In this proposed system we introduced advanced public transportation systems (APTS) for public service. Advanced public transportation systems (APTS) are one of the most important ITS applications, which can significantly improve the traffic situation in India. One such application will be to provide accurate information about bus arrivals to passengers, leading to reduced waiting times at bus stops. This needs a real-time data collection technique, a quick and reliable prediction technique to calculate the expected travel time based on real-time data and informing the passengers regarding the same. The scope of this proposed system is to use global positioning system data collected from public transportation buses on urban roadways in the city of Chennai, India, to predict travel times. The performance of the proposed system is found to be promising and expected to be valuable in the development of advanced public transportation systems (APTS) in India. The work presented here is one of the first attempts at real-time short-term prediction of travel time for ITS applications in Indian traffic conditions.

Key words: GPS, GSM, Public transportation management services, Bus Station Module, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module, BUS Stop Module, Rush statistical analysis

Reference
[1] P&D Department Punjab and Dainichi Consultants Inc., "Urban transport policy study for five cities of Punjab Provinc," Nov 2008. Muhammad Imran and Nicholas Low, "Time to change old paradigm.
[2] Promoting sustainable urban transport in Lahore Pakistan," International Journal of World Transport Policy and Parctice, vol. 9, pp. 32-39, Nov 2003.
[3] Muhammad Imran and Nicholas Low, "Impact of global institutions on urban transport in Pakistan cities," Proc. 39th ISoCaRP Congress, 2003.
[4] Available[online]:www.garmin.com/products/gps35 www.dds.nl/fotosnokia/n12i_data sheet_a4_v2.pdf
[5] M. A. Mazidi, J. C. Mazidi, R. D. Mckinaly, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education, 2006.

Analysis and Optimization of an Electro-Thermally and Laterally Driven Poly-Silicon Micro-Actuator

Abstract: A Large displacement at low voltage is generally provided by electro-thermal mechanisms. A 3-D MEMS electro-thermal micro-actuator has been designed and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 which is geometrically optimized to explore the effect of dimensional variation on its performance. Metallic electro-thermal actuators provide large displacements at low voltages but at the same time, the maximum temperature in the device rises very sharply due to their highly conductive nature. To overcome this problem, a semi-conductor material; poly-silicon which is compatible with IC technology is used. For further improvements in terms of displacement and temperature, the geometry of the actuator is optimized.

Key words: MEMS, Electro-thermal Actuator, Joule Heat, Thermal Expansion

Reference
[1] V.S. Selvakumar, M.Siddhartha Goutham, M.Saravanan, S. Suganthi and L.Sujatha, 2011 " Design and analysis of micro-tweezers with alumina as gripper using COMSOL Multiphysics" , COMSOL Conference in Bangalore.
[2] Seyed Majid Karbasi, Mahnaz Shamshirsaz, Mahyar Naraghi, Mohammad Maroufi, 2010 "Optimal design analysis of electrothermally driven microactuators", Microsyst Technol, 16:1065–1071.
[3] Ang Beng Seng, Zuraini Dahari, Othman Sidek, Muhamad Azman Miskam, 2009 " Design and Analysis of Thermal Microactuator", European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol.35 No.2, pp 281-292.
[4] Shamshirsaz M, Maroufi M, Asgari MB, 2008 " Geometrical variation analysis of an electrothermally driven polysilicon microactuator", Proc. DTIP08, Nice, France, 1:259–261.
[5] R.Voicu, R.Muller, L.Eftime, 2008 "Design optimization for an Electro-thermally Actuated Polymeric Microgripper", DTIP of MEMS & MOEMS,9-11 April.

Wavelet Based Image Watermarking

Abstract: here it introduces an efficient multi-resolution watermarking methodology for copyright protection of digital images. By adapting the watermark signal to the wavelet coefficients, the proposed method is highly image adaptive and the watermark signal can be strengthen in the most significant parts of the image. As this property also increases the watermark visibility, usage of the human visual system is incorporated to prevent perceptual visibility of embedded watermark signal. Experimental results show that the proposed system preserves the image quality and is vulnerable against most common image processing distortions. Furthermore, the hierarchical nature of wavelet transform allows for detection of watermark at various resolutions, resulting in reduction of the computational load needed for watermark detection based on the noise level. The performance of the proposed system is shown to be superior to that of other available schemes reported in the literature.

Key words: Watermarking, Wavelet transform, embedding algorithm, detection algorithm, human visual system

Reference
[1] C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, Digital watermarking: algorithm and application, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 346, 2001.
[2]. I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Transactions on Image proessing, vol. 6, no. 12, pp,16731687, 1997.
[3]. H. J. M. Wang, P. C. Su, and C. C. J Kuo, Wavelet- base digital image watermarking, Opt. Express, Vol.3, No.12, pp.491496, Dec.1998.
[4]. F. Y. Shih and S. Y. T. Wu, Combinational image watermarking in the spatial and frequency domains, Pattern Recognition, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 969975, 2002.
[5]. C.-S. Shieh, H.-C. Huang, F.-H.Wang, and J.-S. Pan, Genetic watermarking based on transform-domain techniques, Pattern Recognition, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 555565, 2004.

Stiffness Characteristics of Joshi's External Stabilization System under Axial Compression: a Finite Element Method Based Study

Abstract: A finite element model of fractured tibia with Joshi's External Stabilizing System (JESS) mounted on it was developed using 3D beam elements in the ANSYS software. The model was loaded in axial compression and the average axial stiffness of the model was calculated. The analytical value of axial stiffness was compared with reported experimental value to validate the finite element model. The validated model was used to carry out parametric studies on the model to determine the axial properties of JESS. It was observed that axial stiffness of JESS increased by 58% when k-wire diameter was varied from 2 mm to 4 mm while keeping other geometric configurations of the device constant; however, the axial stiffness of the device does not show any significant improvement when the diameter of medio-lateral pins in diaphyseal hold were increased. The findings should help in understanding the axial properties of JESS so that it can be used judiciously in clinical applications.

Key words: JESS, external fixators, tibial fracture, axial stiffness, k-wires, finite element analysis

Reference
[1] R. Prabhu, A legend forever-Dr Brij Bhusan Joshi, Indian Journal Orthopedics, 43(3), 2009, 312.
[2] S.Thomas, C. John, T. P. Johnny, Intra-articular distal radial fractures – external fixation or conventional closed reduction, Journal of Orthopedics, 4(2), 2007, e39.
[3] S. Suresh, A. Ahmed, V. K. Sharma, Role of Joshi's External Stabilisation System fixator in the management of idiopathic clubfoot, Journal of Orthopedic Surgery, 11(2), 2003, pp. 194–201.
[4] B. B. Joshi, Joshi's External Stabilization System (JESS): a simple mini external fixator for the management of hand trauma and its sequels, Injury, 28, 1997, 244-244.
[5] B. B. Joshi, Ram Prabhu, N. A. Antao, R. Rohira, M. Vaishnav, L. Maratha, Trauma management by Joshi's External Stabilization System (JESS), (JESS Research & Development Society, 2007).

Data Mining Based Skin Pixel Detection Applied On Human Images: A Study Paper

Abstract: Skin segmentation is the process of the identifying the skin pixels in a image in a particular color model and dividing the images into skin and non-skin pixels. It is the process of find the particular skin of the image or video in a color model. Finding the regions of the images in human images to say these pixel regions are part of the image or videos is typically a preprocessing step in skin detection in computer vision, face detection or multi-view face detection. Skin pixel detection model converts the images into appropriate format in a color space and then classification process is being used for labeling of the skin and non-skin pixels. A skin classifier identifies the boundary of the skin image in a skin color model based on the training dataset. Here in this paper, we present the survey of the skin pixel segmentation using the learning algorithms.

Key words: Skin segmentation, Data mining and machine learning, Computer Vision, Color Models, WEKA

Reference
[1] Bernhard Fink, K.G., Matts, P.J.: Visible skin color distribution plays a role in the perception of age, attractiveness, and health in female faces. Evolution and Human Behavior 27(6) (2006) 433–442
[2] Ahmed Elgammal, Crystal Muang and Dunxu Hu: Skin Detection - a Short Tutorial.
[3] R.L. Hsu, M. Abdel-Mottaleb, and A.K. Jain, "Face detection in color images," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24,. no. 5, pp. 696-706, 2002.
[4] W. Hu, O. Wu, Z. Chen, and Z. Fu, Maybank, S., "Recognition of Pornographic Web Pages by Classifying Texts and Images," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 6, pp.1019-1034, 2007.
[5] M.J. Zhang, and W. Gao, "An adaptive skin color detection algorithm with confusing backgrounds elimination," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2005), vol.2, pp. 390-393, 2005.

Free Convective Unsteady MHD Flow of Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with Adiabatic

Abstract: In this paper, we investigated an unsteady free convection MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid under the action of transverse uniform magnetic field between two heated vertical plates by keeping one plate is adiabatic. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by using perturbation technique. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields are discussed in detail with the help of graphs.

Key words: MHD flow, Unsteady Flow, Adiabatic Plate, Heat Transfer

Reference
[1] Chakrabarty, S. and Borkakati, A. K. (2000): Unsteady free convection MHD flow between two heated vertical parallel plates, Pure and Applied Mathematika Science, 1(1-2).
[2] Davidson, P. A. (2001): An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics, Cambridge University Press.
[3] Gourla, M. G. and Katoch, S. (1991): Unsteady free Convection MHD flow between heated vertical playes, Ganita, 42(2), pp. 143-154.
[4] Sharma, P. R. and Kumar, N. (1998): Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer between two horizontal plates in the presence of transverse magnetic field, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 17E (1), pp. 39-49.
[5] Sreekant, S. et al. (2001): Unsteady Free Convection Flow of an Incompressible Dissipative Viscous Fluid Past an Infinite Vertical Plate, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 32 (7), pp. 1051-1058.

Microbial Stimulation of Growth of Lucerne

Abstract: From the soil samples outside the areas of intensive agriculture, were allocated 145 isolates: 80 cultures growing on medium nutrient agar, 28 – on 79 medium for fixing microorganisms and 37 isolates on MRS medium, by forming zones of hydrolysis of chalk. The influence of selected microorganisms were researched on seed germination and seedling growth of lucerne. Stimulation of the growth of lucerne by some cultures reached 35% (5, R11) - 45% (1, 9, R5, R28) compared with the control.

Key words: biopesticide, growth stimulation, lucerne, plant protection

Reference
[1] A.A. Sinitsyna. Protection against pests of lucerne seed and the preservation of its pollinators in terms of the Krasnodar Territory, PhD., 2000, V.167.>
[2] E.A. Akhmetov, N.N. Karmanova, S.R. Karbaeva, B.K. Asubaev. Economic and social geography of Kazakhstan, Methodological guidance, Almaty, 2005, V.93>
[3] T.L. Kazanovska. Teleconumicatii and social geography of Kazakhstan: methodological guidance, Methodological guidance, 2013, V.105>
[4] M.V. Shternshis, F.S. Jalilov. Biologics in plant protection. Novosibirsk, 2000. – V.128>
[5] M.G. Sokolova, G.P. Akimov. Impact on plant phytohormones synthesized rhizosphere bacteria // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2011. T. 47. № 3. Р. 302-307

Plasma Antenna

Abstract: The fundamental base of plasma antenna is the use of an ionized medium as a conductor. The plasma antenna is a radiofrequency antenna formed by a plasma columns, Filaments or sheets, which are excited by a surface wave. The relevance of this device is how rapidly it can be turned on and off, only applying an electrical pulse. Besides its wide carrier frequency, the great directivity and controllable antenna shape. Otherwise a disadvantage is that it needs energy to be ionized. There are studies to reduce this power to ionize and maintain the plasma tube with higher plasma densities and frequencies.

Reference
[1] D.C. Jenn, "Plasma Antennas: Survey of Techniques and the Current State of the Art", September 29, 2003.
[2] Huan Qing Ye, Min Gao and Chang Jian Tang, Radiation Theory of the Plasma Antenna in IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, vol.59, no.5, may 2011.
[3] Frank B. Gross, Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering, Mc Graw Hill, chapter 10.
[4] Rajneesh and Dhiraj Bora, Wireless communication capability of a reconfigurable plasma antenna, Journal of Applied Physics 109, 063303 (2011).

Diagnostic Efficiency and Prognostic Value of Troponin T Measurement in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: The diagnosis and prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac Troponin T, serum CK-MB levels for detection of ischemic myocardial injury and risk stratification within 40 days in patients with acute myocardial ischemia with one specimen taken 2-8 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Methods
We studied 141 patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic myocardial injury. The concentration of TnT and CK-MB is made on Coobas 6000 by a electrochemioluminescence and turbidometric methods.
Results
The median duration of the ischemic episodes qualifying the patients for the study was 4 hours. Chest pain was continuous in 51.8% and intermittent in 48.2%. Troponin T levels were elevated in 47 % of the patients whose ischemic symptoms had lasted more than seven hours (p= 0.06). 33% of the patients had the elevated troponin T level but CK-MB level was normal. Mortality within 40 days was significantly higher in these patients than in patients with lower levels of troponin T. The troponin T level was variable and most strongly related to 40-day mortality (chi-square=23, p<0,001) followed by CK-MB (chi-square=10, p=0,005).
Conclusions
The cardiac troponin T level is a powerful, independent risk marker useful in the diagnosis of infarction and in the identification of patients at increased risk of mortality and morbidity.

Reference
[1] Califf RM, Mark DB, et al. Importance of clinical measures of ischemia in the prognosis of patients with documented coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:20-6.
[2] Betriu A, Heras M..; Unstable angina: outcome according to clinical presentation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19:1659-63.
[3] Lee TH, Rouan GW,et al. Sensitivity of routine clinical criteria for diagnosing myocardial infarction within 24 hours of hospitalization. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106:181-6.
[4] Karlson BW,Herlitz J, ..,et al. Erly prediction of acute myocardial infarction from clinical history, examination and electrocardiogram in the emergency room. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:171-5
[5] Adams JE III,Bodor GS,Davila-Roman,…et al. A marker with high specifity for cardiac injury. Cirkulation 1994;89:1447-8.

Word Problem Solver for Probability

Abstract: Word Problems are designed to help students to learn the application of mathematical concepts, algebraic identities and formulae in the real world. Variables are assigned the values of "real-world‟ entities and a logical approach in solving them is established. They help the students to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and the real world application of it by giving them hypothetical situations about the same. Probability is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that a particular event will happen. Probability concepts need to be properly understood before attempting to solve any problem related to it. In view of this a survey was conducted. Students from various schools and coaching classes were approached for the same. The study shows that majority of the students experience difficulties in identifying and understanding what exactly the word problem signifies and what approach it demands. Also, the process of learning Probability needs to be specialized given the different understanding levels of each and every student in contrast to the generalized education techniques that are being used in traditional classrooms. Keeping in mind these issues, Word Problem Solver for Probability is implemented, which caters to the learning needs of each and every student individually by providing a step-by-step solution to all problems from the Probability domain.

Key words: Events, Probability, Problem Solver, Sample Space, Teaching Aid Word.

Reference
[1] Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, Second Edition, Pearson Publication, 2013.
[2] Wanintorn Supap, Kanlaya Naruedomkul, Nick Cercone, Steps Towards Accurate Word Problem Translation, IEEE, 2009.
[3] Algebra Standard Ninth Textbook, Maharashtra State BoarFd of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, 2012.
[4] Statistics Glossary - Probability, "http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/probability.html", last accessed on 24-04-2014.
[5] Mathway, "http://www.mathway.com", last accessed on 15-10-2013.

An Overview of Workflow Management on Mobile Agent Technology

Abstract: Mobile agent workflow management/plugins is quite appropriate to handle control flows in open distributed system; basically it is the emerging technology which can bring the process oriented tasks to run as a single unit from diverse frameworks. This workflow technology offers organizations the opportunity to reshape business processes beyond the boundaries of their own organizations so that instead of static models, modern era incurring dynamic workflows which can respond the changes during its execution, provide necessary security measures, great degree of adaptivity, troubleshoot the running processes and recovery of lost states through fault tolerance. The prototype that we are planning to design makes sure to hold reliability, security, robustness, scalability without being forced to make tradeoffs the performance. This paper is concerned with design, implementation and evaluation of performance on the improved methods of proposed prototype models based on current research in this domain.

Key words: Mobile agent; security; control flows; prototype models

Reference
[1] I. Chebbi, S. Dustdar and S. Tata, The view-based approach to dynamic inter-organizational workflow cooperation, Data & Knowledge Engineering 56 (2006), pp.139–173.
[2] H. Hagras, M. Colley, V. Callaghan, G. Clarke, H. Duman, and A. Holmes, A fuzzy incremental synchronous learning technique for embedded-agents learning and control in intelligent inhabited environments, in: Proc. of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System, 2002, pp. 139-144.
[3] A. Wombacher, and K. Aberer, Requirements for workflow modeling in p2p-workflows derived from collaboration establishment, in: DEXA Workshops, 2004, pp. 1036–1041.
[4] A. Wombacher, Overview on decentralized establishment of multi-lateral collaborations, in: From Integrated Publication and Information Systems to Virtual Information and Knowledge Environments, 2005, pp. 11–20.
[5] M. Amor, and L. Fuentes, Malaca: A component and aspect-oriented agent architecture, Information and Software Technology 51 (2009), pp. 1052–1065.

Field-Oriented Control of PMSM Drive Based on SVPWM Using MATLAB

Abstract: The space vector PWM has the character of wide linear range, little higher harmonic and easy digital realization. The FOC theory and SVPWM technique make the PMSM can achieve the performance as well as DC motor. The mathematical model of PMSM is analyzed and the system model of FOC vector control has been established. The control system has been also simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results accord with the real motor's performance and provide the theory basis for the designing of real system.

Key words: space vector PWM (SVPWM), permanent magnetic synchronous motor(PMSM), field-oriented control(FOC)

Reference
[1] XU Jun-Feng, FENG Jiang-Hua, XU Jian-Hua. Control policy of permanent magnetism synchronous motor summery ．The electrical trasimissionof Locomotive, 2005, pp.7-11．
[2] CHENG Min-Jun. Research of high performance magnetism synchronous motor vector velocity modulation system.The mster's degree paper in Zhe Jiang Industrial university, 2006, pp.65-67．
[3] Li Chuan-Fang, Li Feng , QU Ji-Sheng and so on. Thechnology characteristic and optional method of the space vector polse-duration modulation(SVPWM) .Shan Dong university Journal, 2005, pp.27-31．
[4] SUN Ye-Shu, ZHOU Xin-Yun, LI Zheng-Ming. SIMULINK simulation of space vector PWM .Farm machinery reseach, 2003, pp.105-106.
[5] TEAXS INSTRUMENTS, Space-Vector PWM with TMS320C24x Using Hardware & Software Determined Switching Patternts, 2000, pp.29-36.
[6] Ke Song, Wei guo Liu. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Field Oriented Control and HIL Simulation. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 2008, pp.4-6.

Comparative Analysis of VSI & 7 Level MLI Fed Induction Motor Drive with IFOC Scheme and Pump Load

Abstract: Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained.

Key words: Centrifugal Pump, CHBMLI-Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Induction Motor, IFOC-Indirect Field Oriented Control, Multicarrier PWM Technique.

Reference
[1] K.Vijaya Bhaskhar Reddy, G.V. Siva Krishna Rau, Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University, Waltair, A.P, India-" Modeling and Simulation of Modified Sine PWM VSI fed induction motor drive"- International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET),Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 343-351, July – September (2012).
[2] Ajoy Kumar Mauria, Yogesh K. Chauhan, R. K. Mishra-"Fuel Cell Integrated with Five Level VSI for Industrial Pump Applications"- International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.3, No.2, 2013.
[3] Jianhui Wanegu , Fenglong Shan, and Yongkui Man-"Research on Control System of Three- Level Inverter Based on Indirect Field Orientation"- IEEE 978-1-4577-2074-1/12, 2012.
[4] P.Thirumuraugan, R.Preethy-"Closed Loop Control of Multilevel Inverter Using SVPWM for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System"- International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering-Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013.
[5] Dr.Keith Corzene –"Operation and Design of Multilevel Inverters"- University of Missouri, June 2005.

Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOS

Abstract: In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users. This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns

Reference
[1] S. Sen, J. Jawanda, K. Basu, and S. Das, "Quality-of Service Degradation Strategies in Multimedia Wireless Network," Proc.IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., vol.
3, pp. 1884-1888, May 1998. [2] S. Singh, "Quality of Service Guarantees in Mobile Computing," Computer Comm., no. 19, pp. 359-371, 1996.
[3] M.R. Sherif, I.W. Habib, M.N. Nagshineh, and P.K. Kermani,"Adaptive Allocation of Resources and Call Admission Control for Wireless ATM Using Generic Algorithm," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 268-282, Feb. 2000.
[4] T. Kwon, Y. Choi, C. Bisdikian, and M. Naghshineh, "Call Admission Control for Adaptive Multimedia in Wireless/Mobile Network," Proc. First ACM Int'l Workshop Wireless Mobile Multimedia, pp. 111-116, Oct. 1998
[5] S. Choi and K.G. Shin, "Location/Mobility- Dependent Bandwidth Adaptation in QoSSensitive Cellular Networks," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., vol. 3, pp. 1593-1597, 2001.

Probability-Based Diagnostic Imaging Technique Using Error Functions for Active Structural Health Monitoring

Abstract: This study presents a novel probability-based diagnostic imaging (PDI) technique using error functions for active structural health monitoring (SHM). To achieve this, first the changes between baseline and current signals of each sensing path are measured, and by taking the root mean square of such changes, the energy of the scattered signal at different times can be calculated. Then, for different pairs of signal acquisition paths, an error function based on the energy of the scattered signals is introduced. Finally, the resultant error function is fused to the final estimation of the probability of damage presence in the monitoring area. As for applications, developed methods were employed to various damage identification cases, including cracks located in regions among an active sensor network with different configurations (pulse-echo and pitch-catch), and holes located in regions outside active network sensors with pitch-catch configuration. The results identified using experimental Lamb wave signals at different central frequencies corroborated that the developed PDI technique using error functions is capable of monitoring structural damage, regardless of its shape, size and location. The developed method doesn't need direct interpretation of overlaid and dispersed lamb wave components for damage identification and can monitor damage located anywhere in the structure. These bright advantages, qualify the above presented PDI method for online structural health monitoring.

Key words: Probability-based diagnostic imaging, Structural health monitoring, Lamb waves, Piezoelectric transducers, Scattered signal energy, Error function

Reference
[1] J.-B. Ihn and F.-K. Chang, Pitch-catch active sensing methods in structural health monitoring for aircraft structures, Structural Health Monitoring, 7(1), 2008, 5-19.
[2] T. Kundu, S. Das and K.V. Jata, Health monitoring of a thermal protection system using lamb waves, Structural Health Monitoring, 8(1), 2009, 29-45.
[3] J.-B. Ihn and F.-K. Chang, Detection and monitoring of hidden fatigue crack growth using a built-in piezoelectric sensor/actuator network: I. Diagnostics, Smart Materials and Structures, 13(3), 2004, 609-620.
[4] L. Wang and F.G. Yuan, Damage identification in a composite plate using prestack reverse-time migration technique, Structural Health Monitoring, 4(3), 2005, 195-211.
[5] Z. Wu and F.-K. Chang, Damage detection for composite laminate plates with a distributed hybrid PZT/FBG sensor network, Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 20(9), 2009, 1069-1077.

FPGA Based IP Core Initialization for Ps2-Vga Peripherals Using Microblaze Processor

Abstract: The MICROBLAZE processor is a soft core microprocessor that is used in FPGA with Xilinx EDK (embedded development kit) tool. Embedded Development Kit (EDK) is a suite of tools and Intellectual Property (IP) that enables you to design a complete embedded processor system for implementation in a Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS) is the development environment used for designing the hardware portion of your embedded processor system based on MICROBLAZE. In this paper the ps2-vga peripherals IP cores are initialized and provided an embedded environment under MICROBLAZE processor using Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS).

Reference
[1]. "EDK Concepts, Tools, and Techniques" by Xilinx Corporation.
[2]. "EDK MICROBLAZE Tutorial" by Xilinx Corporation.
[3]. Spartan-3E FPGA Starter Kit Board User Guidehttp://www.xilinx.com/support/docum entation/boards_and_kits/ug230.pdf
[4]. "Create or Import Peripheral wizard on EDK" by Xilinx Corporation.
[5]. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fpga
[6]. www.computerengineering.org/ps2keyboard/scancodes2.html

Performance Comparison between Different Feature Extraction Techniques with SVM Using Gurumukhi Script

Abstract: This paper represent the offline handwritten character recognition for Gurumukhi script. It is a major script of india. Many work has been done in many languages such as English , Chinese , Devanagri , Tamil etc. Gurumukhi is a script of Punjabi Language which is widely spoken across the globe. In this paper focus on better character recognition accuracy. The dataset include 7000 samples collected in different writing styles. These dataset divided in two set Training and Test. For Training set collect 5600 samples and 1400 as test set. The evaluated feature extraction include: Distance Profile, Diagonal feature and BDD(Background Direction Distribution). These features were classified by using SVM classifier. The Performance comparison have been made using one classifier with different feature extraction techniques. The experiment show that Diagonal feature extraction method has achieved highest recognition accuracy 95.39% than other features extraction method.

Key words: OCR, Isolated Handwritten character recognition , Handwritten Gurumukhi script, Background Directional Distribution, Diagonal feature, Distance Profile, SVM classifier

Reference
[1] Gita Sinha, Anita Rani, "Zone-Based Feature Extraction Techniques and SVM for Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , Vol 2,pp 106-111, June 2012.
[2] Kartar Singh Siddharth, "Handwritten Gurumukhi Character Recognition Using Zoning Density and Background Directional Distribution Features", (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (3) pp 1036-1041, 2011.
[3] Anuj Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, R. K. Sharma, "Online Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition Using Elastic Matching," Image and Signal Processing, 2008. CISP'08. Congress on, vol.2, pp.391-396, 27-30 May 2008
[4] Anuj Sharma, R.K. Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, "Online Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition", Ph.D. Thesis, Thapar University, 2009[Online].
[5] Ubeeka Jain, D. Sharma, "Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Characters of Gurumukhi Script using Neocognitron", International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA),Vol. 4, No. 8,pp 10-16, 2010.

FPGA Implementation of 2-D DCT & DWT Engines for Vision Based Tracking of Dynamic Obstacles

Abstract: Real time motion estimation for tracking is a challenging task. Several techniques can transform an image into frequency domain, such as DCT, DFT and wavelet transform. Direct implementation of 2-D DCT takes N^4 multiplications for an N x N image which is impractical. The proposed architecture for implementation of 2-D DCT uses look up tables. They are used to store pre-computed vector products that completely eliminate the multiplier. This makes the architecture highly time efficient, and the routing delay and power consumption is also reduced significantly. Another approach, 2-D discrete wavelet transform based motion estimation (DWT-ME) provides substantial improvements in quality and area. The proposed architecture uses Haar wavelet transform for motion estimation. In this paper, we present the comparison of the performance of discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform for implementation in motion estimation.

Key words: Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Look up tables, Haar wavelet transform

Reference
[1] Nathan Funk ,"A Study of the Kalman filter applied to Visual Tracking,", University of Alberta, Project for CMPUT 652,Probabilistic Methods in Artificial Intelligence, December 7, 2003
[2] Ut-Va Koc, Member, IEEE, and K. J. Ray Liu, Senior Member, IEEE, "DCT-Based Motion Estimation," IEEE transactions on image processing, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1998,pp.948-966.
[3] Prabhakar Mishra, R. Apoorva, Bhavani B. Parvatikar, Lashmi Nair, "Architectures for FPGA-Based Implementation of Motion Estimation of Dynamic Obstacles for Autonomous Robot Navigation," Proc. Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, (Cicsyn-2011), pp.292-297
[4] Wen- Hsien Fang and Ming- Lu Wu, "An Efficient Unified Systolic Architecture for the Computation of Discrete Trigonometric Transforms", Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 9-12 June 1997, ISCAS '97, Vol 3, pp.2092-2095.
[5] W. Chen, C.H. Smith and S. Fralick, "A Fast Computational Algorithm for the Discrete Cosine Transform", IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. Com 25, Issue-9, Sep 1977, pp.1004- 1009.

Electrochemical Synthesis of MoO₃ Nanoparticles Effect of Temperature Convert to MoO₃ Nanorods

Abstract: MoO3 nanorods were prepared by electrochemical reduction method using the tetra propyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) was structure directing agent in an organic medium viz. tetra hydro furan (THF) and acetonitrile (ACN) in 4:1 ratio and at current density 14mA &18 mA. The reduction process takes place under atmospheric condition over a period of 2 h. Dried sample was calcinated in muffle furnace at 500ºC. The parameters such as current density and concentration of stabilizers were used to control the size of nanorods. The synthesized MoO3 nanorods were characterized by using UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analysis techniques.

Key words: Current density, electrochemical method, MoO3 nanoparticles, MoO3 nanorods, tetra propyl ammonium bromide.

Reference
[1] M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig, Size selective synthesis of nanostructure transition metal clusters, J Am Chem Soc,116, 1994, 7401-7402.
[2] M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig, S.A. Quaiser, Electrochemical preparation of nanostructural bimetallic clusters, Chem Mater., 7, 1995, 2227-2228.
[3] V. Bhosle, A. Tiwari, J. Narayan, Epitaxial growth and properties of MoOx(2 [4] J. W. Rabalais, R. J. Cotton, A. M. Guaman, Trapped electrons in substoichiometric MoO3 observed by X-ray electron spectroscopy Chem Phys Lett., 29, 1974, 131-133.
[5] L. Zheng, Y. Xu, D. Jin, Y. Xie, Novel metastable hexagonal MoO3 nanobelts: synthesis, photocromic and electrocromic properties, Chem Mater. 21, 2009, 5681-5690.

Perishable Inventory Model with Time Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging

Abstract: An Inventory Model For Decaying Items Under Inflation Has Been Developed. Demand Rate Is Taken As Linear Time Dependent. Holding Cost Is Also Taken As Time Dependent. We Have Developed The Two Cases: In The First Case Shortages Are Not Allowed And In The Second Case Partially Backlogged Shortages Are Allowed. Cost Minimization Technique Is Used In This Study.

Key words: Time dependent demand, partial backlogging, shortages, perishable inventory model.

Reference
[1] Bierman, H.J. and Thomas, J. (1977). Inventory decisions under inflationary conditions. Decision Sciences, 8(1), 151-155.
[2] Bose, S., Goswami, A., Chaudhuri, K.S. (1995). An EOQ model for deteriorating items with linear time dependent demand rate and shortage under inflation and time discounting. J.O.R.S., 46, 777-782.
[3] Buzacott, J.A. (1975). Economic order quantities with inflation. Operational Research Quarterly, 26, 553-558.
[4] Chang, C.T. (2004). An EOQ model with deteriorating items under inflation when supplier credits linked to order quantity. I.J.P.E., 88, 307-316.
[5] Chen. J.M. (1998). An inventory model for deteriorating items with time-proportional demand and shortages under inflation and time discounting. I.J.P.E., 55, (1), 21-30.

A Modified Technique For Performing Data Encryption & Data Decryption

Abstract: In this age of universal electronic connectivity of viruses and hackers of electronic eavesdropping and electronic fraud, there is indeed needed to store the information securely. This, in turn, led to a heightened awareness to protect data and resources from disclosure, to guarantee the authenticity of data and messages and to protect systems from network-based attacks. Information security via encryption decryption techniques is a very popular research area for many people's over the years. This paper elaborates the basic concept of the cryptography, specially public and private cryptography. It also contains a review of some popular encryption decryption algorithms. A modified method is also proposed. This method is fast in comparison to the existing methods.

Key words: AES, DES, Decryption, Encryption, RSA

Reference
[1] Dr.Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami, Ibrahem Abdallah Aldariseh, "Enhanced Method for RSA Cryptosystem Algorithm" International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications & Technologies, 2012 PP 402- 408
[2] Atul Kahate ―Cryptography and Network Security 3rd edition.
[3] William Stallings " Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards)", Pearson Education, 2004 .PP268-275
[4] Simar Preet Singh, and Raman Maini "COMPARISON OF DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS" International Journal of Computer Science and Communication Vol. 2, No. 1, January-June 2011, pp. 125-127
[5] Challa Narasimham, Jayaram Pradhan," EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYPTOSYSTEM USING TEXT FILES" Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,pp55- 59 2008.

Modification of Recycled Al-332 Alloy Using Manganese Dioxide

Abstract: Aluminum and its alloys are commercially available materials for both domestic (cooking utensils, beverages can) and industrial applications (automobile and aircraft structural parts). This study presented the effect of the use of manganese dioxide (MnO₂), obtained from discarded dry cell batteries on the features and formation of pores in recycled pistons (Al-332 alloy). 3kg of recycled Al-332 alloy was obtained in form of ingot. 150 g of the ingot was re-melted and the molten alloy was treated with 2 to 12g of MnO₂. The molten alloy was stirred gently for 1 minute, sand cast and normalized. Parts of the cast samples were used for microstructural analysis, tensile strength and hardness test following standard test procedures in accordance with ASTM E8M-91 standards (1992). The distribution of pores present in the cast alloys were studied using fractal analysis and spatial point pattern method (SPP). The hardness, tensile strength, average fractal dimensions and sphericities were related to the amount of MnO₂. The micrographs revealed an absolute reduction in pores at 8gram addition of MnO₂. Maximum hardness and tensile values of 50.8BHN and 65.01MN/m² were obtained at 8 g addition of MnO₂, above which there is decrease in properties of the material. The weighted average fractal dimension and sphericity for as-cast and sample treated with 8 g of MnO₂ are 1.3276 and 0.3357; 1.0050 and 0.9918 respectively. Spatial point pattern revealed that the pores in the samples are randomly distributed. The study has established that manganese dioxide is a good modify for recycled Al-332 alloy. It improved the mechanical properties of the alloy and reduce the pores in the cast sample to the barest minimum.

Key words: Recycled Al-332 Alloy, MnO₂, Fractal Analysis, Spatial Point Pattern

Reference
[1] Compbell, J. (2003), "The new metallurgy of casting metals", 2nd edition, New York.
[2] Durowoju, M.O., (2013); "Numerical Characterization of the Pores and the Determination of the Point Of Crack Initiation in Some Cast Aluminum Alloys", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.3, Issue.2, Pp. 1229-1237.
[3] Durowoju, M.O., Oladosu, K.O., and Akintan, A.L. (2013); "Fractal Analysis of the Platelets in Al-Si Eutectic Cast Alloy", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 5, Pp.1111-1119.
[4] Hussein A. A., Haidar, A.H. and Nabil, L. A., (2013); "Use of waste for the manufacture of Electric Power Transmission Wires", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 9.
[5] Farahany, S., Ourdjini, A., Idris, M. H., Thai, L. T. (2011), "Effect of bismuth on microstructure of unmodified and Sr-modified Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloys", Transaction of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, Vol. 2, Pp. 1455 – 1464.

Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOM

Abstract: Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented.

Index Terms: Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), voltage fluctuation, voltage stability, wind farm (WF).

Reference
[1] Wind Power Today and Tomorrow: An Overview of the Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program, (2004), U.S. DOE and NREL [Online]. Available: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/
[2] T. Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems. New York:Wiley, 2005.
[3] J.W. Smith and D. L. Brooks, ―Voltage impacts of distributed wind generation on rural distribution feeders,‖ in Proc. IEEE PES Transmiss. Distrib.Conf. Exhib., Oct. 28–Nov. 2, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 492–497.
[4] A. Kehrli and M. Ross, ―Understanding grid integration issues at wind farms and solutions using voltage source converter FACTS technology,‖ in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meeting, Jul. 13–17, 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1822–1827.
[5] Z. Saad-Saoud, M. L. Lisboa, J. B. Ekanayake, N. Jenkins, and G. Strbac, ―Application of STATCOMs towind farms,‖ Inst. Elect. Eng. Proc.Gener. Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 511–516, Sep. 1998.

Multi-View Algorithm for Face, Eyes and Eye State Detection in Human Image- Study Paper

Abstract: For fatigue detection such as in the application of driver‟s fatigue monitoring system, the eye state analysis is one of the important and deciding steps to determine the fatigue of driver‟s eyes. In this study, algorithms for face detection, eye detection and eye state analysis have been studied and presented as well as an efficient algorithm for detection of face, eyes have been proposed. Firstly the efficient algorithm for face detection method has been presented which find the face area in the human images. Then, novel algorithms for detection of eye region and eye state are introduced. In this paper we propose a multi-view based eye state detection to determine the state of the eye. With the help of skin color model, the algorithm detects the face regions in an YCbCr color model. By applying the skin segmentation which normally separates the skin and non-skin pixels of the images, it detects the face regions of the image under various lighting and noise conditions. Then from these face regions, the eye regions are extracted within those extracted face regions. Our proposed algorithms are fast and robust as there is not pattern match.

Key words: Image Processing, Skin Detection, Face Detection, Eye detection, Color Models

Reference
[1] Research on Drowsy Driving, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, [online] Available: http://www.nhtsa.gov/Driving+Safety/Distracted+Driving/Research+on +Drowsy+Driving
[2] [M. Kutila, "Methods for Machine Vision Based Driver Monitoring.
[3] S. G. Kong, J. Heo, B. R. Abidi, J. Paik, and M. A. Abidi, "Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition: a review," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 97, pp. 103–135, 2005.
[4] W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Ronsenfeld, and P. J. Phillips, "Face recognition: A literature survey," ACM Computing Surveys, pp. 399–458, 2003.
[5] C. C. Han, H. Y. M. Liao, G. J. Yu, and L. H.Chen, "Fast face detection via morphologybased pre-processing," Pattern Recognition, vol. 33, pp. 1701–1712, 2000.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Unmanned Airplane Autopilot Tuning Unmanned Airplane Autopilot Tuning Abstract: This article considers different approaches for autopilot controller gain values adjustment. The correct autopilot performance is tested using modeling methods. A variant of land-based autopilot is considered. Examined are scenarios of UAV airplanes in level flight. The latter are applicable to tasks such as remote sensing, controlled area surveillance, etc. Key words: flight control, autopilot, safety. Reference [1] Mihalev I.A., B.N. Okoemov, I.G. Pavlina, M.S. Chikulaev, N.M. Eidinov. Automatic airplane control systems – methods for analysis and synthesis, "Mashinostroenie" publ., Moscow 1971 Petar Getsov, Dimitar Yordanov, Svetoslav Zabunov	01-07
2.	Development of Wearable Antennas with Different Cotton Textiles Development of Wearable Antennas with Different Cotton Textiles Abstract: Recent advancement in medical applications is wearable antenna. As this is a wearable type it should have low weight, low profile and low cost. In this paper we have designed Microstrip rectangular patch antenna used for this application. Cotton Textiles with different dielectric values are used as substrates for this antenna. The antenna is fed with co-axial feed. Here we have examined the radiation characteristics, return loss and gain which are the critical parameters of wearable antenna for monitoring and diagnosing patient's condition. These are performed by using ANSOFT HFSS. Key words: wearable antenna, cotton textile, dielectric value, Return loss, gain. Reference [1] C.A.Balanis, "Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,"Johnwiely&sons, New York, 1997. [2] Randy Bancroft,"Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006. [3] S. Sankaralingam and B. Gupta,"Development of Textile Antennas For Body Wearable Applications And Investigation On Their Performance Under Bent Conditions", Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 22, 53-71, 2010. [4] S. Daya Murali,"Triple Band Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna Mounted On Silk Substrate For Wearable Applications", IJSR, Vol. 3, Issue. 6, Page-8. [5] Marian Wnuk, Marek Bugaj, "Wearable Antenna Constructed in MicrostripTechnology", Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceeddings, KL, Malaysia, March 27-30, 2012,67. S. Daya Murali, B. Narada Maha Muni, Y. Dilip Varma, S.V.S.K. Chaitanya	08-14
3.	Improvement of Voltage Quality of Micro Turbine Generator With Matrix Converter & Venturini Technique's Improvement of Voltage Quality of Micro Turbine Generator With Matrix Converter & Venturini Technique's Abstract: In recent years, application of Distributed Generation (DG) sources has increased significantly. Micro turbine-Generator (MTG) is well suitable for different distributed generation applications, because it can be connected in parallel to serve larger loads, can provide reliable power and has low-emission. The main characteristics of MTG can be summarized in low maintenance, capacity of operation with liquid and gas fuels (including natural gas) and small area required for installation [1]. MTGs have the rated power from 30 to 250 kW, generating electricity in ac, and they can be installed in isolated conditions or synchronized with the electrical utility.MTGs are available as single-shaft or split-shaft units. Single-shaft unit is a high-speed synchronous machine with the compressor and turbine mounted on the same shaft. While, the split-shaft design uses a power turbine rotating at 3000 rpm and a conventional generator connected via a synchronous generator-PMSG), frequency converters (interface converters), and protection and control systems (Fig. 1)[1] . The interface converter is used to convert PMSG output voltage frequency (high frequency) to power system (50/60 Hz) frequency. Key words: Micro- turbine Genrator (MTG), Distributed generators, Matrix Converter (MC), Harmonics (H), Reference [1] A. K. Saha, S. Chowdhury, S. P. Chowdhury, and P. A. Crossley, "Modeling and performance analysis of a microturbine as a distributed energy resource", IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 529-538, Jun. 2009. [2] T. Yu, J. Tong, and K. W. Chan, "Study on microturbine as a back-up power supply for power grid black-start", IEEE Int. Conf. 2009. [3] R. Noroozian, M. Abedi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and S. H. Hosseini, "Modelling and simulation of microturbine generation system for on-grid and off-grid operation modes", Int.l Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'09), Apr. 2009. [4] A.P. W. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. C. Clare, L.Empringham, and Weinstein, "Matrix Converters: A Technology Review", IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 276-288, Apr. 2002. [5] G.P. W. Wheeler, J. C. Clare, L. Empringham, M. Bland, and K.G. Kerris, "A vector-controlled MCT matrix converter induction motor drive with minimized commutation time and enhanced waveform quality", IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., pp. 59-65, Jan./Feb. 2004. C.Himabindu, B.Indiravathi, T.Ranga	15-23
4.	Big Data and Data Analytics: An Action Platform for the Science of Prediction Big Data and Data Analytics: An Action Platform for the Science of Prediction Abstract: Analytics is the detection and communication of meaningful motive in data. Analytics plays a key role in areas rich with recorded information. The role of data is escalating tenaciously in the present day. Analysis of the data is the process of inspecting, removing the obsolete information and transforming the data into useful information. Data analytics approach is pragmatic in nature. Data Analytics uses multiple approaches and techniques, like use of mathematical approach and data analytics is used in multiple domains namely business, technology, automobile and many more. This paper focuses on how data plays a key role in the field of analytics. It deals with the implementation of data analytics in different domains. Data analytics:An action platform for the science of prediction. Key words: Analytics,Data Analytics,Prediction Reference [1] Mechanical Mathematical Models Describing the Dynamic Behaviour of Vehicle with ARM Suspension, Kunchev L ., M. Eng. Pavlov N., Technical University – Sofia, Bulgaria [2] Understanding Parameters Influencing Tire Modeling, Nicholas D. Smith Colorado State University, 2004 Formula SAE Platform [3] Numerical Prediction of the Dynamic Behaviour of Rolling Tyres, C. González Díaz, S. Vercammen, J. Middelberg, P. Kindt, C. Thiry, J. Leyssens Goodyear Innovation Center, Tire Vehicle Mechanics Department [4] Race Car Vehicle Dynamics(William F Milliken and Douglas L. Milliken) [5] Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics(Thomas D. Gillespie) Sahith Rampelli, Sunil Kumar Vadlamani, Surya Phani Krishna Nukala	24-27
5.	Prototypic Gps-Gsm Integration for Enhancing Public Transportation and Management Services. Prototypic Gps-Gsm Integration for Enhancing Public Transportation and Management Services. Abstract: This paper proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management services based on GPS and GSM. Travel time information is a vital component of many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In recent years, the number of vehicles in India has increased tremendously, leading to severe traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas, particularly during peak periods. A desirable strategy to deal with such issues is to shift more people from personal vehicles to public transport by providing better service (comfort, convenience and so on). In this proposed system we introduced advanced public transportation systems (APTS) for public service. Advanced public transportation systems (APTS) are one of the most important ITS applications, which can significantly improve the traffic situation in India. One such application will be to provide accurate information about bus arrivals to passengers, leading to reduced waiting times at bus stops. This needs a real-time data collection technique, a quick and reliable prediction technique to calculate the expected travel time based on real-time data and informing the passengers regarding the same. The scope of this proposed system is to use global positioning system data collected from public transportation buses on urban roadways in the city of Chennai, India, to predict travel times. The performance of the proposed system is found to be promising and expected to be valuable in the development of advanced public transportation systems (APTS) in India. The work presented here is one of the first attempts at real-time short-term prediction of travel time for ITS applications in Indian traffic conditions. Key words: GPS, GSM, Public transportation management services, Bus Station Module, In-BUS Module, BASE Station Module, BUS Stop Module, Rush statistical analysis Reference [1] P&D Department Punjab and Dainichi Consultants Inc., "Urban transport policy study for five cities of Punjab Provinc," Nov 2008. Muhammad Imran and Nicholas Low, "Time to change old paradigm. [2] Promoting sustainable urban transport in Lahore Pakistan," International Journal of World Transport Policy and Parctice, vol. 9, pp. 32-39, Nov 2003. [3] Muhammad Imran and Nicholas Low, "Impact of global institutions on urban transport in Pakistan cities," Proc. 39th ISoCaRP Congress, 2003. [4] Available[online]:www.garmin.com/products/gps35 www.dds.nl/fotosnokia/n12i_data sheet_a4_v2.pdf [5] M. A. Mazidi, J. C. Mazidi, R. D. Mckinaly, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education, 2006. Ganguri Rakesh	28-33
6.	Analysis and Optimization of an Electro-Thermally and Laterally Driven Poly-Silicon Micro-Actuator Analysis and Optimization of an Electro-Thermally and Laterally Driven Poly-Silicon Micro-Actuator Abstract: A Large displacement at low voltage is generally provided by electro-thermal mechanisms. A 3-D MEMS electro-thermal micro-actuator has been designed and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 which is geometrically optimized to explore the effect of dimensional variation on its performance. Metallic electro-thermal actuators provide large displacements at low voltages but at the same time, the maximum temperature in the device rises very sharply due to their highly conductive nature. To overcome this problem, a semi-conductor material; poly-silicon which is compatible with IC technology is used. For further improvements in terms of displacement and temperature, the geometry of the actuator is optimized. Key words: MEMS, Electro-thermal Actuator, Joule Heat, Thermal Expansion Reference [1] V.S. Selvakumar, M.Siddhartha Goutham, M.Saravanan, S. Suganthi and L.Sujatha, 2011 " Design and analysis of micro-tweezers with alumina as gripper using COMSOL Multiphysics" , COMSOL Conference in Bangalore. [2] Seyed Majid Karbasi, Mahnaz Shamshirsaz, Mahyar Naraghi, Mohammad Maroufi, 2010 "Optimal design analysis of electrothermally driven microactuators", Microsyst Technol, 16:1065–1071. [3] Ang Beng Seng, Zuraini Dahari, Othman Sidek, Muhamad Azman Miskam, 2009 " Design and Analysis of Thermal Microactuator", European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol.35 No.2, pp 281-292. [4] Shamshirsaz M, Maroufi M, Asgari MB, 2008 " Geometrical variation analysis of an electrothermally driven polysilicon microactuator", Proc. DTIP08, Nice, France, 1:259–261. [5] R.Voicu, R.Muller, L.Eftime, 2008 "Design optimization for an Electro-thermally Actuated Polymeric Microgripper", DTIP of MEMS & MOEMS,9-11 April. Sakshi Pathneja , P. Raja	34-37
7.	Wavelet Based Image Watermarking Wavelet Based Image Watermarking Abstract: here it introduces an efficient multi-resolution watermarking methodology for copyright protection of digital images. By adapting the watermark signal to the wavelet coefficients, the proposed method is highly image adaptive and the watermark signal can be strengthen in the most significant parts of the image. As this property also increases the watermark visibility, usage of the human visual system is incorporated to prevent perceptual visibility of embedded watermark signal. Experimental results show that the proposed system preserves the image quality and is vulnerable against most common image processing distortions. Furthermore, the hierarchical nature of wavelet transform allows for detection of watermark at various resolutions, resulting in reduction of the computational load needed for watermark detection based on the noise level. The performance of the proposed system is shown to be superior to that of other available schemes reported in the literature. Key words: Watermarking, Wavelet transform, embedding algorithm, detection algorithm, human visual system Reference [1] C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, Digital watermarking: algorithm and application, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 346, 2001. [2]. I. J. Cox, J. Kilian, F. T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Transactions on Image proessing, vol. 6, no. 12, pp,16731687, 1997. [3]. H. J. M. Wang, P. C. Su, and C. C. J Kuo, Wavelet- base digital image watermarking, Opt. Express, Vol.3, No.12, pp.491496, Dec.1998. [4]. F. Y. Shih and S. Y. T. Wu, Combinational image watermarking in the spatial and frequency domains, Pattern Recognition, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 969975, 2002. [5]. C.-S. Shieh, H.-C. Huang, F.-H.Wang, and J.-S. Pan, Genetic watermarking based on transform-domain techniques, Pattern Recognition, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 555565, 2004. Arun Babu	38-42
8.	Stiffness Characteristics of Joshi's External Stabilization System under Axial Compression: a Finite Element Method Based Study Stiffness Characteristics of Joshi's External Stabilization System under Axial Compression: a Finite Element Method Based Study Abstract: A finite element model of fractured tibia with Joshi's External Stabilizing System (JESS) mounted on it was developed using 3D beam elements in the ANSYS software. The model was loaded in axial compression and the average axial stiffness of the model was calculated. The analytical value of axial stiffness was compared with reported experimental value to validate the finite element model. The validated model was used to carry out parametric studies on the model to determine the axial properties of JESS. It was observed that axial stiffness of JESS increased by 58% when k-wire diameter was varied from 2 mm to 4 mm while keeping other geometric configurations of the device constant; however, the axial stiffness of the device does not show any significant improvement when the diameter of medio-lateral pins in diaphyseal hold were increased. The findings should help in understanding the axial properties of JESS so that it can be used judiciously in clinical applications. Key words: JESS, external fixators, tibial fracture, axial stiffness, k-wires, finite element analysis Reference [1] R. Prabhu, A legend forever-Dr Brij Bhusan Joshi, Indian Journal Orthopedics, 43(3), 2009, 312. [2] S.Thomas, C. John, T. P. Johnny, Intra-articular distal radial fractures – external fixation or conventional closed reduction, Journal of Orthopedics, 4(2), 2007, e39. [3] S. Suresh, A. Ahmed, V. K. Sharma, Role of Joshi's External Stabilisation System fixator in the management of idiopathic clubfoot, Journal of Orthopedic Surgery, 11(2), 2003, pp. 194–201. [4] B. B. Joshi, Joshi's External Stabilization System (JESS): a simple mini external fixator for the management of hand trauma and its sequels, Injury, 28, 1997, 244-244. [5] B. B. Joshi, Ram Prabhu, N. A. Antao, R. Rohira, M. Vaishnav, L. Maratha, Trauma management by Joshi's External Stabilization System (JESS), (JESS Research & Development Society, 2007). Rajeev Kumar, R C Gupta, Sanjay Mishra	43-47
9.	Data Mining Based Skin Pixel Detection Applied On Human Images: A Study Paper Data Mining Based Skin Pixel Detection Applied On Human Images: A Study Paper Abstract: Skin segmentation is the process of the identifying the skin pixels in a image in a particular color model and dividing the images into skin and non-skin pixels. It is the process of find the particular skin of the image or video in a color model. Finding the regions of the images in human images to say these pixel regions are part of the image or videos is typically a preprocessing step in skin detection in computer vision, face detection or multi-view face detection. Skin pixel detection model converts the images into appropriate format in a color space and then classification process is being used for labeling of the skin and non-skin pixels. A skin classifier identifies the boundary of the skin image in a skin color model based on the training dataset. Here in this paper, we present the survey of the skin pixel segmentation using the learning algorithms. Key words: Skin segmentation, Data mining and machine learning, Computer Vision, Color Models, WEKA Reference [1] Bernhard Fink, K.G., Matts, P.J.: Visible skin color distribution plays a role in the perception of age, attractiveness, and health in female faces. Evolution and Human Behavior 27(6) (2006) 433–442 [2] Ahmed Elgammal, Crystal Muang and Dunxu Hu: Skin Detection - a Short Tutorial. [3] R.L. Hsu, M. Abdel-Mottaleb, and A.K. Jain, "Face detection in color images," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24,. no. 5, pp. 696-706, 2002. [4] W. Hu, O. Wu, Z. Chen, and Z. Fu, Maybank, S., "Recognition of Pornographic Web Pages by Classifying Texts and Images," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 6, pp.1019-1034, 2007. [5] M.J. Zhang, and W. Gao, "An adaptive skin color detection algorithm with confusing backgrounds elimination," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2005), vol.2, pp. 390-393, 2005. Gagandeep Kaur, Seema Pahwa, Kushagra Sharma	48-53
10.	Free Convective Unsteady MHD Flow of Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with Adiabatic Free Convective Unsteady MHD Flow of Newtonian Fluid in a Channel with Adiabatic Abstract: In this paper, we investigated an unsteady free convection MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid under the action of transverse uniform magnetic field between two heated vertical plates by keeping one plate is adiabatic. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with appropriate boundary conditions are solved by using perturbation technique. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields are discussed in detail with the help of graphs. Key words: MHD flow, Unsteady Flow, Adiabatic Plate, Heat Transfer Reference [1] Chakrabarty, S. and Borkakati, A. K. (2000): Unsteady free convection MHD flow between two heated vertical parallel plates, Pure and Applied Mathematika Science, 1(1-2). [2] Davidson, P. A. (2001): An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics, Cambridge University Press. [3] Gourla, M. G. and Katoch, S. (1991): Unsteady free Convection MHD flow between heated vertical playes, Ganita, 42(2), pp. 143-154. [4] Sharma, P. R. and Kumar, N. (1998): Unsteady Flow and Heat Transfer between two horizontal plates in the presence of transverse magnetic field, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 17E (1), pp. 39-49. [5] Sreekant, S. et al. (2001): Unsteady Free Convection Flow of an Incompressible Dissipative Viscous Fluid Past an Infinite Vertical Plate, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 32 (7), pp. 1051-1058. Dr.G.Prabhakararao, Dr. M. V. Subba Reddy, Dr. N. Ameer Ahmad	54-58
11.	Microbial Stimulation of Growth of Lucerne Microbial Stimulation of Growth of Lucerne Abstract: From the soil samples outside the areas of intensive agriculture, were allocated 145 isolates: 80 cultures growing on medium nutrient agar, 28 – on 79 medium for fixing microorganisms and 37 isolates on MRS medium, by forming zones of hydrolysis of chalk. The influence of selected microorganisms were researched on seed germination and seedling growth of lucerne. Stimulation of the growth of lucerne by some cultures reached 35% (5, R11) - 45% (1, 9, R5, R28) compared with the control. Key words: biopesticide, growth stimulation, lucerne, plant protection Reference [1] A.A. Sinitsyna. Protection against pests of lucerne seed and the preservation of its pollinators in terms of the Krasnodar Territory, PhD., 2000, V.167.> [2] E.A. Akhmetov, N.N. Karmanova, S.R. Karbaeva, B.K. Asubaev. Economic and social geography of Kazakhstan, Methodological guidance, Almaty, 2005, V.93> [3] T.L. Kazanovska. Teleconumicatii and social geography of Kazakhstan: methodological guidance, Methodological guidance, 2013, V.105> [4] M.V. Shternshis, F.S. Jalilov. Biologics in plant protection. Novosibirsk, 2000. – V.128> [5] M.G. Sokolova, G.P. Akimov. Impact on plant phytohormones synthesized rhizosphere bacteria // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2011. T. 47. № 3. Р. 302-307 Kuznetsova Tatyana, Saubenova Margarita, Kulnazarov Batyr, Khalymbetova Aizhan, Shormanova Marzhan	59-61
12.	Plasma Antenna Plasma Antenna Abstract: The fundamental base of plasma antenna is the use of an ionized medium as a conductor. The plasma antenna is a radiofrequency antenna formed by a plasma columns, Filaments or sheets, which are excited by a surface wave. The relevance of this device is how rapidly it can be turned on and off, only applying an electrical pulse. Besides its wide carrier frequency, the great directivity and controllable antenna shape. Otherwise a disadvantage is that it needs energy to be ionized. There are studies to reduce this power to ionize and maintain the plasma tube with higher plasma densities and frequencies. Reference [1] D.C. Jenn, "Plasma Antennas: Survey of Techniques and the Current State of the Art", September 29, 2003. [2] Huan Qing Ye, Min Gao and Chang Jian Tang, Radiation Theory of the Plasma Antenna in IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, vol.59, no.5, may 2011. [3] Frank B. Gross, Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering, Mc Graw Hill, chapter 10. [4] Rajneesh and Dhiraj Bora, Wireless communication capability of a reconfigurable plasma antenna, Journal of Applied Physics 109, 063303 (2011). N M Vijay	62-65
14.	Diagnostic Efficiency and Prognostic Value of Troponin T Measurement in Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnostic Efficiency and Prognostic Value of Troponin T Measurement in Acute Myocardial Infarction Abstract: The diagnosis and prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac Troponin T, serum CK-MB levels for detection of ischemic myocardial injury and risk stratification within 40 days in patients with acute myocardial ischemia with one specimen taken 2-8 hours of the onset of symptoms. Methods We studied 141 patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic myocardial injury. The concentration of TnT and CK-MB is made on Coobas 6000 by a electrochemioluminescence and turbidometric methods. Results The median duration of the ischemic episodes qualifying the patients for the study was 4 hours. Chest pain was continuous in 51.8% and intermittent in 48.2%. Troponin T levels were elevated in 47 % of the patients whose ischemic symptoms had lasted more than seven hours (p= 0.06). 33% of the patients had the elevated troponin T level but CK-MB level was normal. Mortality within 40 days was significantly higher in these patients than in patients with lower levels of troponin T. The troponin T level was variable and most strongly related to 40-day mortality (chi-square=23, p<0,001) followed by CK-MB (chi-square=10, p=0,005). Conclusions The cardiac troponin T level is a powerful, independent risk marker useful in the diagnosis of infarction and in the identification of patients at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Reference [1] Califf RM, Mark DB, et al. Importance of clinical measures of ischemia in the prognosis of patients with documented coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:20-6. [2] Betriu A, Heras M..; Unstable angina: outcome according to clinical presentation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19:1659-63. [3] Lee TH, Rouan GW,et al. Sensitivity of routine clinical criteria for diagnosing myocardial infarction within 24 hours of hospitalization. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106:181-6. [4] Karlson BW,Herlitz J, ..,et al. Erly prediction of acute myocardial infarction from clinical history, examination and electrocardiogram in the emergency room. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:171-5 [5] Adams JE III,Bodor GS,Davila-Roman,…et al. A marker with high specifity for cardiac injury. Cirkulation 1994;89:1447-8. Merije Elezi, Anila Mitre, Tefta Rexha, Besnik Elezi, Shpresa Memishi	73-75
15.	Word Problem Solver for Probability Word Problem Solver for Probability Abstract: Word Problems are designed to help students to learn the application of mathematical concepts, algebraic identities and formulae in the real world. Variables are assigned the values of "real-world‟ entities and a logical approach in solving them is established. They help the students to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and the real world application of it by giving them hypothetical situations about the same. Probability is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that a particular event will happen. Probability concepts need to be properly understood before attempting to solve any problem related to it. In view of this a survey was conducted. Students from various schools and coaching classes were approached for the same. The study shows that majority of the students experience difficulties in identifying and understanding what exactly the word problem signifies and what approach it demands. Also, the process of learning Probability needs to be specialized given the different understanding levels of each and every student in contrast to the generalized education techniques that are being used in traditional classrooms. Keeping in mind these issues, Word Problem Solver for Probability is implemented, which caters to the learning needs of each and every student individually by providing a step-by-step solution to all problems from the Probability domain. Key words: Events, Probability, Problem Solver, Sample Space, Teaching Aid Word. Reference [1] Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach, Second Edition, Pearson Publication, 2013. [2] Wanintorn Supap, Kanlaya Naruedomkul, Nick Cercone, Steps Towards Accurate Word Problem Translation, IEEE, 2009. [3] Algebra Standard Ninth Textbook, Maharashtra State BoarFd of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, 2012. [4] Statistics Glossary - Probability, "http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/probability.html", last accessed on 24-04-2014. [5] Mathway, "http://www.mathway.com", last accessed on 15-10-2013. Priyanka Dalvi, Sanjana Oulkar, Siraj Cotecha, Dr. Abhijit R. Joshi, Prof. Harshaldalvi	76-81
16.	An Overview of Workflow Management on Mobile Agent Technology An Overview of Workflow Management on Mobile Agent Technology Abstract: Mobile agent workflow management/plugins is quite appropriate to handle control flows in open distributed system; basically it is the emerging technology which can bring the process oriented tasks to run as a single unit from diverse frameworks. This workflow technology offers organizations the opportunity to reshape business processes beyond the boundaries of their own organizations so that instead of static models, modern era incurring dynamic workflows which can respond the changes during its execution, provide necessary security measures, great degree of adaptivity, troubleshoot the running processes and recovery of lost states through fault tolerance. The prototype that we are planning to design makes sure to hold reliability, security, robustness, scalability without being forced to make tradeoffs the performance. This paper is concerned with design, implementation and evaluation of performance on the improved methods of proposed prototype models based on current research in this domain. Key words: Mobile agent; security; control flows; prototype models Reference [1] I. Chebbi, S. Dustdar and S. Tata, The view-based approach to dynamic inter-organizational workflow cooperation, Data & Knowledge Engineering 56 (2006), pp.139–173. [2] H. Hagras, M. Colley, V. Callaghan, G. Clarke, H. Duman, and A. Holmes, A fuzzy incremental synchronous learning technique for embedded-agents learning and control in intelligent inhabited environments, in: Proc. of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System, 2002, pp. 139-144. [3] A. Wombacher, and K. Aberer, Requirements for workflow modeling in p2p-workflows derived from collaboration establishment, in: DEXA Workshops, 2004, pp. 1036–1041. [4] A. Wombacher, Overview on decentralized establishment of multi-lateral collaborations, in: From Integrated Publication and Information Systems to Virtual Information and Knowledge Environments, 2005, pp. 11–20. [5] M. Amor, and L. Fuentes, Malaca: A component and aspect-oriented agent architecture, Information and Software Technology 51 (2009), pp. 1052–1065. Anup Patnaik, Lalit Kumar Awasthi, Kamlesh Dutta	82-94
17.	Field-Oriented Control of PMSM Drive Based on SVPWM Using MATLAB Field-Oriented Control of PMSM Drive Based on SVPWM Using MATLAB Abstract: The space vector PWM has the character of wide linear range, little higher harmonic and easy digital realization. The FOC theory and SVPWM technique make the PMSM can achieve the performance as well as DC motor. The mathematical model of PMSM is analyzed and the system model of FOC vector control has been established. The control system has been also simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results accord with the real motor's performance and provide the theory basis for the designing of real system. Key words: space vector PWM (SVPWM), permanent magnetic synchronous motor(PMSM), field-oriented control(FOC) Reference [1] XU Jun-Feng, FENG Jiang-Hua, XU Jian-Hua. Control policy of permanent magnetism synchronous motor summery ．The electrical trasimissionof Locomotive, 2005, pp.7-11． [2] CHENG Min-Jun. Research of high performance magnetism synchronous motor vector velocity modulation system.The mster's degree paper in Zhe Jiang Industrial university, 2006, pp.65-67． [3] Li Chuan-Fang, Li Feng , QU Ji-Sheng and so on. Thechnology characteristic and optional method of the space vector polse-duration modulation(SVPWM) .Shan Dong university Journal, 2005, pp.27-31． [4] SUN Ye-Shu, ZHOU Xin-Yun, LI Zheng-Ming. SIMULINK simulation of space vector PWM .Farm machinery reseach, 2003, pp.105-106. [5] TEAXS INSTRUMENTS, Space-Vector PWM with TMS320C24x Using Hardware & Software Determined Switching Patternts, 2000, pp.29-36. [6] Ke Song, Wei guo Liu. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Field Oriented Control and HIL Simulation. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, 2008, pp.4-6. Naresh Gujjula, G. Laxminarayana	95-99
18.	Comparative Analysis of VSI & 7 Level MLI Fed Induction Motor Drive with IFOC Scheme and Pump Load Comparative Analysis of VSI & 7 Level MLI Fed Induction Motor Drive with IFOC Scheme and Pump Load Abstract: Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained. Key words: Centrifugal Pump, CHBMLI-Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Induction Motor, IFOC-Indirect Field Oriented Control, Multicarrier PWM Technique. Reference [1] K.Vijaya Bhaskhar Reddy, G.V. Siva Krishna Rau, Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University, Waltair, A.P, India-" Modeling and Simulation of Modified Sine PWM VSI fed induction motor drive"- International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET),Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 343-351, July – September (2012). [2] Ajoy Kumar Mauria, Yogesh K. Chauhan, R. K. Mishra-"Fuel Cell Integrated with Five Level VSI for Industrial Pump Applications"- International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.3, No.2, 2013. [3] Jianhui Wanegu , Fenglong Shan, and Yongkui Man-"Research on Control System of Three- Level Inverter Based on Indirect Field Orientation"- IEEE 978-1-4577-2074-1/12, 2012. [4] P.Thirumuraugan, R.Preethy-"Closed Loop Control of Multilevel Inverter Using SVPWM for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System"- International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering-Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013. [5] Dr.Keith Corzene –"Operation and Design of Multilevel Inverters"- University of Missouri, June 2005. Krishna Prabhakar Lall, Sabah V.S, Charles Baby T, Prof. Chitra A	100-107
19.	Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOS Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOS Abstract: In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users. This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns Reference [1] S. Sen, J. Jawanda, K. Basu, and S. Das, "Quality-of Service Degradation Strategies in Multimedia Wireless Network," Proc.IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., vol. 3, pp. 1884-1888, May 1998. [2] S. Singh, "Quality of Service Guarantees in Mobile Computing," Computer Comm., no. 19, pp. 359-371, 1996. [3] M.R. Sherif, I.W. Habib, M.N. Nagshineh, and P.K. Kermani,"Adaptive Allocation of Resources and Call Admission Control for Wireless ATM Using Generic Algorithm," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 268-282, Feb. 2000. [4] T. Kwon, Y. Choi, C. Bisdikian, and M. Naghshineh, "Call Admission Control for Adaptive Multimedia in Wireless/Mobile Network," Proc. First ACM Int'l Workshop Wireless Mobile Multimedia, pp. 111-116, Oct. 1998 [5] S. Choi and K.G. Shin, "Location/Mobility- Dependent Bandwidth Adaptation in QoSSensitive Cellular Networks," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., vol. 3, pp. 1593-1597, 2001. A. Leelavathi	108-111
20.	Probability-Based Diagnostic Imaging Technique Using Error Functions for Active Structural Health Monitoring Probability-Based Diagnostic Imaging Technique Using Error Functions for Active Structural Health Monitoring Abstract: This study presents a novel probability-based diagnostic imaging (PDI) technique using error functions for active structural health monitoring (SHM). To achieve this, first the changes between baseline and current signals of each sensing path are measured, and by taking the root mean square of such changes, the energy of the scattered signal at different times can be calculated. Then, for different pairs of signal acquisition paths, an error function based on the energy of the scattered signals is introduced. Finally, the resultant error function is fused to the final estimation of the probability of damage presence in the monitoring area. As for applications, developed methods were employed to various damage identification cases, including cracks located in regions among an active sensor network with different configurations (pulse-echo and pitch-catch), and holes located in regions outside active network sensors with pitch-catch configuration. The results identified using experimental Lamb wave signals at different central frequencies corroborated that the developed PDI technique using error functions is capable of monitoring structural damage, regardless of its shape, size and location. The developed method doesn't need direct interpretation of overlaid and dispersed lamb wave components for damage identification and can monitor damage located anywhere in the structure. These bright advantages, qualify the above presented PDI method for online structural health monitoring. Key words: Probability-based diagnostic imaging, Structural health monitoring, Lamb waves, Piezoelectric transducers, Scattered signal energy, Error function Reference [1] J.-B. Ihn and F.-K. Chang, Pitch-catch active sensing methods in structural health monitoring for aircraft structures, Structural Health Monitoring, 7(1), 2008, 5-19. [2] T. Kundu, S. Das and K.V. Jata, Health monitoring of a thermal protection system using lamb waves, Structural Health Monitoring, 8(1), 2009, 29-45. [3] J.-B. Ihn and F.-K. Chang, Detection and monitoring of hidden fatigue crack growth using a built-in piezoelectric sensor/actuator network: I. Diagnostics, Smart Materials and Structures, 13(3), 2004, 609-620. [4] L. Wang and F.G. Yuan, Damage identification in a composite plate using prestack reverse-time migration technique, Structural Health Monitoring, 4(3), 2005, 195-211. [5] Z. Wu and F.-K. Chang, Damage detection for composite laminate plates with a distributed hybrid PZT/FBG sensor network, Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 20(9), 2009, 1069-1077. Rahim Gorgin, Zhanjun Wu, Yuebin Zheng	112-118
21.	FPGA Based IP Core Initialization for Ps2-Vga Peripherals Using Microblaze Processor FPGA Based IP Core Initialization for Ps2-Vga Peripherals Using Microblaze Processor Abstract: The MICROBLAZE processor is a soft core microprocessor that is used in FPGA with Xilinx EDK (embedded development kit) tool. Embedded Development Kit (EDK) is a suite of tools and Intellectual Property (IP) that enables you to design a complete embedded processor system for implementation in a Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS) is the development environment used for designing the hardware portion of your embedded processor system based on MICROBLAZE. In this paper the ps2-vga peripherals IP cores are initialized and provided an embedded environment under MICROBLAZE processor using Xilinx Platform Studio (XPS). Reference [1]. "EDK Concepts, Tools, and Techniques" by Xilinx Corporation. [2]. "EDK MICROBLAZE Tutorial" by Xilinx Corporation. [3]. Spartan-3E FPGA Starter Kit Board User Guidehttp://www.xilinx.com/support/docum entation/boards_and_kits/ug230.pdf [4]. "Create or Import Peripheral wizard on EDK" by Xilinx Corporation. [5]. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fpga [6]. www.computerengineering.org/ps2keyboard/scancodes2.html V. Swetha, D. Suresh Kumar, P.Murali Krishnudu	119-122
22.	Performance Comparison between Different Feature Extraction Techniques with SVM Using Gurumukhi Script Performance Comparison between Different Feature Extraction Techniques with SVM Using Gurumukhi Script Abstract: This paper represent the offline handwritten character recognition for Gurumukhi script. It is a major script of india. Many work has been done in many languages such as English , Chinese , Devanagri , Tamil etc. Gurumukhi is a script of Punjabi Language which is widely spoken across the globe. In this paper focus on better character recognition accuracy. The dataset include 7000 samples collected in different writing styles. These dataset divided in two set Training and Test. For Training set collect 5600 samples and 1400 as test set. The evaluated feature extraction include: Distance Profile, Diagonal feature and BDD(Background Direction Distribution). These features were classified by using SVM classifier. The Performance comparison have been made using one classifier with different feature extraction techniques. The experiment show that Diagonal feature extraction method has achieved highest recognition accuracy 95.39% than other features extraction method. Key words: OCR, Isolated Handwritten character recognition , Handwritten Gurumukhi script, Background Directional Distribution, Diagonal feature, Distance Profile, SVM classifier Reference [1] Gita Sinha, Anita Rani, "Zone-Based Feature Extraction Techniques and SVM for Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , Vol 2,pp 106-111, June 2012. [2] Kartar Singh Siddharth, "Handwritten Gurumukhi Character Recognition Using Zoning Density and Background Directional Distribution Features", (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (3) pp 1036-1041, 2011. [3] Anuj Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, R. K. Sharma, "Online Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition Using Elastic Matching," Image and Signal Processing, 2008. CISP'08. Congress on, vol.2, pp.391-396, 27-30 May 2008 [4] Anuj Sharma, R.K. Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, "Online Handwritten Gurmukhi Character Recognition", Ph.D. Thesis, Thapar University, 2009[Online]. [5] Ubeeka Jain, D. Sharma, "Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Characters of Gurumukhi Script using Neocognitron", International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA),Vol. 4, No. 8,pp 10-16, 2010. Sandeep Dangi, Ashish Oberoi, Nishi Goel	123-128
23.	FPGA Implementation of 2-D DCT & DWT Engines for Vision Based Tracking of Dynamic Obstacles FPGA Implementation of 2-D DCT & DWT Engines for Vision Based Tracking of Dynamic Obstacles Abstract: Real time motion estimation for tracking is a challenging task. Several techniques can transform an image into frequency domain, such as DCT, DFT and wavelet transform. Direct implementation of 2-D DCT takes N^4 multiplications for an N x N image which is impractical. The proposed architecture for implementation of 2-D DCT uses look up tables. They are used to store pre-computed vector products that completely eliminate the multiplier. This makes the architecture highly time efficient, and the routing delay and power consumption is also reduced significantly. Another approach, 2-D discrete wavelet transform based motion estimation (DWT-ME) provides substantial improvements in quality and area. The proposed architecture uses Haar wavelet transform for motion estimation. In this paper, we present the comparison of the performance of discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform for implementation in motion estimation. Key words: Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Look up tables, Haar wavelet transform Reference [1] Nathan Funk ,"A Study of the Kalman filter applied to Visual Tracking,", University of Alberta, Project for CMPUT 652,Probabilistic Methods in Artificial Intelligence, December 7, 2003 [2] Ut-Va Koc, Member, IEEE, and K. J. Ray Liu, Senior Member, IEEE, "DCT-Based Motion Estimation," IEEE transactions on image processing, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1998,pp.948-966. [3] Prabhakar Mishra, R. Apoorva, Bhavani B. Parvatikar, Lashmi Nair, "Architectures for FPGA-Based Implementation of Motion Estimation of Dynamic Obstacles for Autonomous Robot Navigation," Proc. Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, (Cicsyn-2011), pp.292-297 [4] Wen- Hsien Fang and Ming- Lu Wu, "An Efficient Unified Systolic Architecture for the Computation of Discrete Trigonometric Transforms", Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 9-12 June 1997, ISCAS '97, Vol 3, pp.2092-2095. [5] W. Chen, C.H. Smith and S. Fralick, "A Fast Computational Algorithm for the Discrete Cosine Transform", IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. Com 25, Issue-9, Sep 1977, pp.1004- 1009. Remya Ramesan, Pavana H*,Radhika G	129-134
24.	Electrochemical Synthesis of MoO₃ Nanoparticles Effect of Temperature Convert to MoO₃ Nanorods Electrochemical Synthesis of MoO₃ Nanoparticles Effect of Temperature Convert to MoO₃ Nanorods Abstract: MoO3 nanorods were prepared by electrochemical reduction method using the tetra propyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) was structure directing agent in an organic medium viz. tetra hydro furan (THF) and acetonitrile (ACN) in 4:1 ratio and at current density 14mA &18 mA. The reduction process takes place under atmospheric condition over a period of 2 h. Dried sample was calcinated in muffle furnace at 500ºC. The parameters such as current density and concentration of stabilizers were used to control the size of nanorods. The synthesized MoO3 nanorods were characterized by using UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analysis techniques. Key words: Current density, electrochemical method, MoO3 nanoparticles, MoO3 nanorods, tetra propyl ammonium bromide. Reference [1] M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig, Size selective synthesis of nanostructure transition metal clusters, J Am Chem Soc,116, 1994, 7401-7402. [2] M. T. Reetz, W. Helbig, S.A. Quaiser, Electrochemical preparation of nanostructural bimetallic clusters, Chem Mater., 7, 1995, 2227-2228. [3] V. Bhosle, A. Tiwari, J. Narayan, Epitaxial growth and properties of MoOx(2 [4] J. W. Rabalais, R. J. Cotton, A. M. Guaman, Trapped electrons in substoichiometric MoO3 observed by X-ray electron spectroscopy Chem Phys Lett., 29, 1974, 131-133. [5] L. Zheng, Y. Xu, D. Jin, Y. Xie, Novel metastable hexagonal MoO3 nanobelts: synthesis, photocromic and electrocromic properties, Chem Mater. 21, 2009, 5681-5690. N. R. Dighore, S. P. Jadhav, S. T. Gaikwad, A. S. Rajbhoj	135-139
25.	Perishable Inventory Model with Time Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging Perishable Inventory Model with Time Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging Abstract: An Inventory Model For Decaying Items Under Inflation Has Been Developed. Demand Rate Is Taken As Linear Time Dependent. Holding Cost Is Also Taken As Time Dependent. We Have Developed The Two Cases: In The First Case Shortages Are Not Allowed And In The Second Case Partially Backlogged Shortages Are Allowed. Cost Minimization Technique Is Used In This Study. Key words: Time dependent demand, partial backlogging, shortages, perishable inventory model. Reference [1] Bierman, H.J. and Thomas, J. (1977). Inventory decisions under inflationary conditions. Decision Sciences, 8(1), 151-155. [2] Bose, S., Goswami, A., Chaudhuri, K.S. (1995). An EOQ model for deteriorating items with linear time dependent demand rate and shortage under inflation and time discounting. J.O.R.S., 46, 777-782. [3] Buzacott, J.A. (1975). Economic order quantities with inflation. Operational Research Quarterly, 26, 553-558. [4] Chang, C.T. (2004). An EOQ model with deteriorating items under inflation when supplier credits linked to order quantity. I.J.P.E., 88, 307-316. [5] Chen. J.M. (1998). An inventory model for deteriorating items with time-proportional demand and shortages under inflation and time discounting. I.J.P.E., 55, (1), 21-30. Kapil Mehrotra, Rajendra Sharma	140-148
26.	A Modified Technique For Performing Data Encryption & Data Decryption A Modified Technique For Performing Data Encryption & Data Decryption Abstract: In this age of universal electronic connectivity of viruses and hackers of electronic eavesdropping and electronic fraud, there is indeed needed to store the information securely. This, in turn, led to a heightened awareness to protect data and resources from disclosure, to guarantee the authenticity of data and messages and to protect systems from network-based attacks. Information security via encryption decryption techniques is a very popular research area for many people's over the years. This paper elaborates the basic concept of the cryptography, specially public and private cryptography. It also contains a review of some popular encryption decryption algorithms. A modified method is also proposed. This method is fast in comparison to the existing methods. Key words: AES, DES, Decryption, Encryption, RSA Reference [1] Dr.Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami, Ibrahem Abdallah Aldariseh, "Enhanced Method for RSA Cryptosystem Algorithm" International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications & Technologies, 2012 PP 402- 408 [2] Atul Kahate ―Cryptography and Network Security 3rd edition. [3] William Stallings " Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards)", Pearson Education, 2004 .PP268-275 [4] Simar Preet Singh, and Raman Maini "COMPARISON OF DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHMS" International Journal of Computer Science and Communication Vol. 2, No. 1, January-June 2011, pp. 125-127 [5] Challa Narasimham, Jayaram Pradhan," EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYPTOSYSTEM USING TEXT FILES" Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,pp55- 59 2008. Prabhat Kumar Singh, Gajendra Singh Chandel	149-152
27.	Modification of Recycled Al-332 Alloy Using Manganese Dioxide Modification of Recycled Al-332 Alloy Using Manganese Dioxide Abstract: Aluminum and its alloys are commercially available materials for both domestic (cooking utensils, beverages can) and industrial applications (automobile and aircraft structural parts). This study presented the effect of the use of manganese dioxide (MnO₂), obtained from discarded dry cell batteries on the features and formation of pores in recycled pistons (Al-332 alloy). 3kg of recycled Al-332 alloy was obtained in form of ingot. 150 g of the ingot was re-melted and the molten alloy was treated with 2 to 12g of MnO₂. The molten alloy was stirred gently for 1 minute, sand cast and normalized. Parts of the cast samples were used for microstructural analysis, tensile strength and hardness test following standard test procedures in accordance with ASTM E8M-91 standards (1992). The distribution of pores present in the cast alloys were studied using fractal analysis and spatial point pattern method (SPP). The hardness, tensile strength, average fractal dimensions and sphericities were related to the amount of MnO₂. The micrographs revealed an absolute reduction in pores at 8gram addition of MnO₂. Maximum hardness and tensile values of 50.8BHN and 65.01MN/m² were obtained at 8 g addition of MnO₂, above which there is decrease in properties of the material. The weighted average fractal dimension and sphericity for as-cast and sample treated with 8 g of MnO₂ are 1.3276 and 0.3357; 1.0050 and 0.9918 respectively. Spatial point pattern revealed that the pores in the samples are randomly distributed. The study has established that manganese dioxide is a good modify for recycled Al-332 alloy. It improved the mechanical properties of the alloy and reduce the pores in the cast sample to the barest minimum. Key words: Recycled Al-332 Alloy, MnO₂, Fractal Analysis, Spatial Point Pattern Reference [1] Compbell, J. (2003), "The new metallurgy of casting metals", 2nd edition, New York. [2] Durowoju, M.O., (2013); "Numerical Characterization of the Pores and the Determination of the Point Of Crack Initiation in Some Cast Aluminum Alloys", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.3, Issue.2, Pp. 1229-1237. [3] Durowoju, M.O., Oladosu, K.O., and Akintan, A.L. (2013); "Fractal Analysis of the Platelets in Al-Si Eutectic Cast Alloy", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 5, Pp.1111-1119. [4] Hussein A. A., Haidar, A.H. and Nabil, L. A., (2013); "Use of waste for the manufacture of Electric Power Transmission Wires", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 9. [5] Farahany, S., Ourdjini, A., Idris, M. H., Thai, L. T. (2011), "Effect of bismuth on microstructure of unmodified and Sr-modified Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloys", Transaction of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, Vol. 2, Pp. 1455 – 1464. Durowoju M.O. and Babatunde I.A.	153-162
28.	Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOM Mitigation of Voltage Fluctuations in Power System Using STATCOM Abstract: Wind energy being a renewable source of energy is enjoying a rapid growth globally. However, wind energy being an uncontrollable source of energy coupled with the fact that it uses distributed induction generators for power conversion poses a challenge in integrating a large scale wind-farm into a weak power system. An actual weak power system with two large Wind-Farms (WFs) coupled to it is introduced as part of this study. A model of this integrated system along with a STATCOM for steady state and dynamic impact study is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The power quality issues are highlighted and a centralized STATCOM is proposed to solve the issue of the voltage fluctuations in particular in addition to addressing the other issues. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the system voltage control issues are analyzed and the location of STATCOM is assessed. Finally, a STATCOM control strategy for suppression of voltage fluctuations is presented. Index Terms: Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), voltage fluctuation, voltage stability, wind farm (WF). Reference [1] Wind Power Today and Tomorrow: An Overview of the Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program, (2004), U.S. DOE and NREL [Online]. Available: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/ [2] T. Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems. New York:Wiley, 2005. [3] J.W. Smith and D. L. Brooks, ―Voltage impacts of distributed wind generation on rural distribution feeders,‖ in Proc. IEEE PES Transmiss. Distrib.Conf. Exhib., Oct. 28–Nov. 2, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 492–497. [4] A. Kehrli and M. Ross, ―Understanding grid integration issues at wind farms and solutions using voltage source converter FACTS technology,‖ in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meeting, Jul. 13–17, 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1822–1827. [5] Z. Saad-Saoud, M. L. Lisboa, J. B. Ekanayake, N. Jenkins, and G. Strbac, ―Application of STATCOMs towind farms,‖ Inst. Elect. Eng. Proc.Gener. Transmiss. Distrib., vol. 145, no. 5, pp. 511–516, Sep. 1998. M. Venkatesh & Ramakrishna Raghutu	163-167
29.	Multi-View Algorithm for Face, Eyes and Eye State Detection in Human Image- Study Paper Multi-View Algorithm for Face, Eyes and Eye State Detection in Human Image- Study Paper Abstract: For fatigue detection such as in the application of driver‟s fatigue monitoring system, the eye state analysis is one of the important and deciding steps to determine the fatigue of driver‟s eyes. In this study, algorithms for face detection, eye detection and eye state analysis have been studied and presented as well as an efficient algorithm for detection of face, eyes have been proposed. Firstly the efficient algorithm for face detection method has been presented which find the face area in the human images. Then, novel algorithms for detection of eye region and eye state are introduced. In this paper we propose a multi-view based eye state detection to determine the state of the eye. With the help of skin color model, the algorithm detects the face regions in an YCbCr color model. By applying the skin segmentation which normally separates the skin and non-skin pixels of the images, it detects the face regions of the image under various lighting and noise conditions. Then from these face regions, the eye regions are extracted within those extracted face regions. Our proposed algorithms are fast and robust as there is not pattern match. Key words: Image Processing, Skin Detection, Face Detection, Eye detection, Color Models Reference [1] Research on Drowsy Driving, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, [online] Available: http://www.nhtsa.gov/Driving+Safety/Distracted+Driving/Research+on +Drowsy+Driving [2] [M. Kutila, "Methods for Machine Vision Based Driver Monitoring. [3] S. G. Kong, J. Heo, B. R. Abidi, J. Paik, and M. A. Abidi, "Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition: a review," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 97, pp. 103–135, 2005. [4] W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Ronsenfeld, and P. J. Phillips, "Face recognition: A literature survey," ACM Computing Surveys, pp. 399–458, 2003. [5] C. C. Han, H. Y. M. Liao, G. J. Yu, and L. H.Chen, "Fast face detection via morphologybased pre-processing," Pattern Recognition, vol. 33, pp. 1701–1712, 2000. Latesh Kumari, Er. Sonia Jangra, Er. Rakesh Sharma	168-173