Peer Reviewed Journal

Causes and Effects of Change Orders on Construction Projects in Kuwait

Abstract: This research investigates the change orders in public and private construction projects in Kuwait. The study in this research presents the results of a questionnaire surveying the owners, contractors and consultants on a sample comprising 385 engineers representing the construction industry. The responses to the questionnaire help in identifying the general characteristics of the construction industry in Kuwait as well as ranking the most common causes of changes, their effects on the projects and the control measures to address the changes. The results of the questionnaire indicate that the owner is the most responsible party causing changes. The study identifies that the first cause is change of plans by owner, otherwise increase in cost of the project is the first effect. All changes to design documents are checked and reviewed is the first control.

Key words: Causes of change order, change orders, control of change order, and effects of change order.

Reference
[1] Zawawi, N., Azman, N. and Kamar, M. (2010),'Sustainable Construction Practice: Areview of Change Orders in Construction Projects'. International Conference on Environment, 13-15 Dec., Pulau Pinang.
[2] Osman, Z., Omran, A. and Foo, C.K. (2009), 'The potential effects of variation orders in Construction Projects'. Journal of Engineering, 2, 141–152.
[3] Rashid, I., Elmikawi, M. and Saleh, A. (2012), 'The Impact of Change Orders on construction projects Sports Facilities Case Study'. Journal of American Science, 8(8), 628-631.
[4] Homaid, N., Eldosouky, A. and AlGhmdi, M. (2011), "Change Orders in Saudi Linear Construction Projects'.Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 16(1), 33-42.
[5] Aljeshi, S. and Almarzouq, H. (2008), "Change Orders in Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia'. Term research paper – CEM-520, Construction Engineering and Management Department, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia.

Experimental and Exergy Analysis of A Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Parallel Flow Arrangement

Abstract: This paper presents For Experimental and Exergy Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Parallel- flow Arrangement. The Double pipe heat exchanger is one of the Different types of heat exchangers. double-pipe exchanger because one fluid flows inside a pipe and the other fluid flows between that pipe and another pipe that surrounds the first.In a parallel flow, both the hot and cold fluids enter the Heatexchanger at same end andmove in same direction. The present work is taken up to carry experimental work and the exergy analysis based on second law analysis of a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger. In experimental set up hot water and cold water will be used working fluids. The inlet Hot water will be varied from 40 ⁰C and 50 ⁰C and cold water temperature will be varied from between 15 and 20 ⁰C. It has been planned to find effects of the inlet condition of both working fluid flowing through the heat exchanger on the heat transfer characteristics, entropy generation, and Exergy loss. The Mathematical modelling of heat exchanger will based on the conservation equation of mass, energy and based on second law of thermodynamics to find entropy generation and exergy losses.

Reference
[1] Khairul M.A; Heat transfer performance and exergy analyses of a corrugated plate heat exchanger using metal oxide nano fluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer.,2013.
[2] Hepbasil. A; Low exergy modelling and performance analysis of greenhouses coupled to closed earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) ., Energy and Buildings,2013, Volume 64, Pages 224-230.
[3] Qureshi .B .A and Zubair. S.M; Second-law-based performance evaluation of cooling towers and evaporative heat exchangers, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2007; Pages 188-198.
[4] Naphon. P.; Second law analysis on the heat transfer of the horizontal concentric tube heat exchanger. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2006; Pages 1029-1041.
[5] Akpinarn. K. E and Bicer; Investigation of heat transfer and exergy loss in a concentric double pipe exchanger equipped with swirl generators, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2005, Pages 598-607.

Coupled Line Band Pass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for Wide Band Application

Abstract: In this paper a novel wideband microstrip band pass filter is proposed. The band pass filter is designed with coupling between two L-shaped microstriplines and is terminated with a high impedance line. The three circle shapes are etched out at the ground plane and is called defected ground structure (DGS), which provides better return loss as well as it reduces harmonics. Simulated and measured results both are in true agreement with each other. Results show that the defected microstrip filter has a good performance, including a wide pass band of 3.0 GHz to 5.6 GHz at 3dB cut off frequencies with bandwidth of 2.6 GHz, and a small insertion loss. The return loss is found to be higher than 15 dB.

Index Terms: Bandpass filter, DGS Filter, Wide Band filter.

Reference
[1] J.S. Lim, C.S. Kim, Y.T. Lee, D. Ahn and S. Nam, "Design of Low Pass filters Using Defected Ground Structure and Compensated Microstrip Line," IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 38, No. 22, 24 October 2002, pp. 1357–1358.
[2] Anand K. Verma, Adel B. Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed Boutejdar , & A.S.Omar "Control of Bandstop Response of Hi-Lo Microstrip Low Pass Filter Using slot in Ground Plane"IEEE, Transactions on MTT,Vol.52,No3,March 2004.
[3] Kumar, P.; Kishor, J.; Shrivastav, A.K.; "Formulation of size reduction technique in microstrip circuits using DGS and DMS" Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, 2008.Microwave 2008. International Conference on 21-24. Nov. 2008 Page(s):861 – 864 Digital Object Identifier 1109/AMTA.2008.4763173.
[4] C.-L. Hsu, F.-C. Hsu, and J.-T. Kuo, "Microstrip bandpass filters for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications," in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2005, pp. 679–682.
[5] W. Menzel, M. S. Tito, and L. Zhu, "Low-loss ultra-wideband (UWB) filters using suspended stripline," in Proc. Asia-Pasific Microw. Conf. Dec. 2005, vol. 4, pp. 2148–2151.

Pressure Gradient Influence on MHD Flow for Generalized Burgers' Fluid with Slip Condition

Abstract: This paper presents a research for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible generalized Burgers' fluid including by an accelerating plate and flowing under the action of pressure gradient. Where the no – slip assumption between the wall and the fluid is no longer valid. The fractional calculus approach is introduced to establish the constitutive relationship of the generalized Burgers' fluid. By using the discrete Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives, a closed form solutions for the velocity and shear stress are obtained in terms of Fox H- function for the following two problems: (i) flow due to a constant pressure gradient, and (ii) flow due to due to a sinusoidal pressure gradient. The solutions for no – slip condition and no magnetic field, can be derived as special cases of our solutions. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters on the velocity distribution characteristics are analyzed and discussed in detail. Comparison between the two cases is also made.

Key words: Generalized Burgers' fluid, Constant pressure gradient, Sinusoidal pressure gradient, Fox Hfunction.

Reference
[1] A. Ebaid; " Effects of Mgnetic Field and Wall Slip Conditions on the Peristaltic Transport of a Newtonian Fluid in an Asymmetric Channel", Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 4493- 4499.
[2] A.-R. A. Khaleda and K. Vafaib; " The Effect of the Slip Condition on Stokes and Couette Flows due to an Oscillating Wall: Exact Solutions", Int. J. Nonlinear Mech. 39 (2004) 795- 809.
[3] B. H. Tan, I. Jackson and J. D. F. Gerald; " High- Temperature Viscoelasiticity of Fine- Grained Polycystalline Olivine", Phys. Chem. Miner. 28 (2001) 641.
[4] C. Derek, D. C. Tretheway and C. D. Meinhart; " Apparent Fluid Slip at Hydrophibic Microchannel Walls", Phys. Fluids 14 (2002) 9- 12.
[5] C. Fetecau and Corina Fetecau; " Decary of Potential Vovtex in Maxwell fluid", Internet. J. Non- Linear Mech. 38 (2003) 985.

Remaining Life Analysis of Boiler Tubes on Behalf of Hoop Stresses Produced During Operation of Power Plant

Abstract: Boiler tube material plays an important role in efficient power generation from a fossil fuel power plant. In order to meet out the gap between fluids to increase heat available per unit mass flow of steam. Waste heat utilization phenomenon is a big challenge on fossil fuel power plants as after use of high grade coal in thermal power plants the efficiency of power plants is not at the level of required value. Clean and efficient power generation with economical aspects is the basic need of growing power generation plants to justify the quality of power and clean power generation. Life analysis technique to calculate remaining life of boiler tubes at critical zones of high temperature requires much attention and is an important hypothesis in research field. Generation of repetitive and fluctuating stress during flow of high temperature and pressure fluid require proper attention on the methodology to be used to calculate the efficiency of system and absorption efficiency of tube material. In this paper complete mathematical analysis of boiler tubes is conducted for calculation of remaining life of boiler tubes, Hoop stress values are calculated and used with mathematical tool to calculate the efficiency. Hoop stress based calculation of efficiency is more reliable and may give more accurate and practical aspects based results.

Key words: Absorption efficiency, Heat availability, Hoop stress analysis, Life analysis, Clean power, Tube material characteristics.

Reference
[1] D. Ghosh, H. Roy, T.K. Sahoo and A.K. Shukla, Failure investigation of platen superheater tube in a 210 MW thermal power plant boiler, Transaction of The Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 63,Issues 2-3,April-June 2010,PP. 687-690
[2] Metallurgical Failure in Fossil Fired Boilers by David N. French, 2nd- ed. (A Wiley Interscience publication)
[3] BS 2790, Specification for design and manufacture of shell boilers of welded construction. British Standards Institution, London
[4] Ameri, M. & Shamshirgaran, S.R., A Case Study: The Effects of the Design Factors on the Thermal Profile of Shahid Rajaiee Boiler, Applied Thermal Engineering, 28: 955-961, 2008
[5] Prakash and V.K. Tewary, "High temperature oxidation of metals and alloys", QI] Short Term Course Proceeding Roorkee, June 23-July 7, 1992.

Performance Comparison of CMOS and Finfet Based Circuits At 45nm Technology Using SPICE

Abstract: According to the Moore's Law, the number of transistors in a unit chip area double every two years. But the existing technology of integrated circuit formation is posing limitations to this law. CMOS technology shows certain limitations as the device is reduced more and more in the nanometer regime out of which power dissipation is an important issue. FinFET is evolving to be a promising technology in this regard. This paper aims to analyze and compare the characteristics of CMOS and FinFET circuits at 45nm technology. Inverter circuit is implemented in order to study the basic characteristics such as voltage transfer characteristics, leakage current and power dissipation. Further the efficiency of FinFET to reduce power as compared to CMOS is proved using SRAM circuit. The results show that the average power is reduced by 92.93% in read operation and by 97.8% in write operation.

Key words: 6T SRAM cell, CMOS vs FinFET, FinFETs, Low power nanoscale design, Power dissipation

Reference
[1] B. Swahn and S. Hassoun, "Gate Sizing: FinFETs vs 32nm Bulk MOSFETs", Design Automation Conference, 2006 43rd ACM/IEEE, San Francisco, CA, 2006, 528-531.
[2] R. Joshi, K. Kim and R. Kanj, "FinFET SRAM Design", in Nanoelectronic Circuit Design, Springer, 2011, 55-95.
[3] Jan M. Rabaey Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, October 2001).
[4] M. Sathe and N. Sarwade, "Power Optimization at Nanoscale using FinFETs and its Comparison with CMOS", International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, vol. 6, issue II, May 14, 33-41.
[5] M. Rostami and K. Mohanram, "Dual-Vth Independent-Gate FinFETs for Low Power Logic Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design Of Integrated Circuits And Systems, vol. 30, no. 3, March 2011, 337-349.

Modeling and Estimation of Stationary and Non-stationary Noises of Rubidium Atomic Clock

Abstract: Noise estimation of atomic clock is one of the important research areas in the field of atomic clock development and application. Most of the atomic clocks are having random-stochastic noises and periodic noises due to temperature variation. Random-stochastic noises have a well identified signature in time domain but periodic noises are difficult to analyze in time domain. However, in this paper, an effort is made to identify and analyze the deterministic trends of both random-stochastic noises and periodic noises due to variation in temperature using an alternate approach of least-squares normalized-error (LSNE) regression algorithm. A MATLAB based application with graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to estimate and analyze random-stochastic noises and periodic noises and re-estimate the stability of rubidium atomic clock after removing these noises from the raw phase data. The estimation of stationary noises are done using Allan variance from time domain data and noise profile is calculated using curve fit method. The estimation of periodic noises due to temperature variation is carried in frequency domain through spurious analysis of the frequency data of atomic clock.

Index Terms: LSNE, Rb, GUI, FP, WF, RWF

Reference
[1] Allan, D. W. (1966),―Statistics of Atomic Frequency Standards‖, Proceedings of IEEE,vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 221-230, Feb, 1966.
[2] King, A. D., ―Characterization of Gyro In-Run Drift,‖Symposium Gyro Technology 1984, Oct. 1984, pp. 10.0-10.56.
[3] Ng, Lawrence C., and Pines, Darryll J.,―Characterization of Ring Laser Gyro PerformanceUsing the Allan Variance Method,‖, Journal of GuidanceControl, and Dynamics, Vol. 20, No. 1, January-February 1997, pp. 211-214.
[4] Park B K, Kim J H and Kim K C 1991 Performance evaluation of an X-band RF switching radiometer IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.40 483–5.
[5] Goodberlet M A and Mead J B 2006 Two-load radiometer precision and accuracy IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 44 58–66.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone Nano Composite for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆(OH)₂ ), the main mineral component of bone and teeth, is native to the human body. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a desirable implant material due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity properties. In this study, nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) with poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP was synthesized at room temperature condition. The synthetic nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) prepared by wet chemical precipitation method was investigated. Hydroxyapatite is biocompatible with the human organism and is capable of integrating biologically into bone tissue. The synthesized sample were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays techniques (EDAX) and Micro hardness test.

Key words: XRD, FT-IR, TEM, EDAX, MICRO HARDNESS

Reference
[1] R.V. Silva, J.B. Bertran, N.H. Moreira, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 34(2005) 178-184.
[2] A. Stoch, W. Jastrzebski, E. Diugon, W. Lejda, B. Trybalska, G.J.Stoch, A. Adamczyk, Journal of molecular structure 744-747 (2005) 633-640.
[3] T.M. Filion, Lix, Mason-Savas A, Kreider JM, Goldstein SA, Ayers DC, et al. tissue Eng pt A 2011: 17:503.
[4] W. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Countney, M. Bettenga, C, Agrawal, J. Bungardner and J. Ong, Biomaterials. 2006, 27, 5512-5517.
[5] Joschek, S., Nies, B., Krotz, R. & Gopfrerich, A. (2000). Chemical and physicochemical characterization of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics made of natural bone. Biomaterials, 21, 1645.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Agar-Agar Bio-Polymer

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite used for bone replacement is one of the most active areas of ceramic biomaterials research currently. It is a desirable implant material due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. Agar agar is a biological polymer frequently used in tissue engineering and pharmaceutical for potential use in bone replacement. Nano hydroxyapatite was successfully synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method . In this work nHAp/agar composite were synthesized and characterization of the compound were done by using characterization Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), X-ray diffract ration (XRD), Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectrum(EDAX).

Key words: HAp, Agar, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDAX.

Reference
[1] H. Aoki, "Science and medical application of hydroxyl apatite", Japanese Association of apatite science, Tokoyo(1991).
[2] Hadeel alobeedallah, Jeffrey L.Ellis, Ramin rohanizadeh,Hans coster and Fanba dehghani "Preparation of nanostructured Hydroxyapatite in organic solvents for Clinical applications", Trends biomater. Artif. Organs, 25(1),12-19(2011).
[3] Amit kumar nayak "Hydroxyapatite synthesis methodologies: An overview", International jouranal of chemtech research coden (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 vol.2,No.2,pp 903-907.
[4] M.S. Sadjadi, M.Meskinfam, H.Jazdarreh "Hydroxyapatite-Starch nano biocomposites synthesis and characterization", Int.J.Nano.Dim 1(1):57-63,Summer 2010 ISSN:2008-8868.
[5] Ramakrishna S., Mayer J.,Winter E., KamM.,LeongW., Biomedical application of polymer-composite materials: a review composite science and technology.67:1189-1224.

Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power Filter

Abstract: This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.

Key words: Power system Harmonics, shunt active filters, power quality, non linear loads

Reference
[1] S. Sivanagaraju, and V.C.Veera Reddy(2011), "Design of Shunt Active Power Filter to eliminate the harmonic currents and to compensate the reactive power under distorted and or imbalanced source voltages in steady state", IJETTVol. 2 Issue 3
[2] Y. P. Obulesh and Y. KusumaLatha(2011), "Control strategy for 3phase shunt active power filter with minimum current measurements", IJECE
[3] A. Chandra and B. Singh (1999), "A Review on Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement", IEEE Trans. on IET, 46,5
[4] Kamal Al-Haddad andNassar M (2000),"Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Shunt Active Power Filter in the Synchronous Reference Frame". IEEE Intl
[5] Murat K. and EnginOzdhemier(2005), "An adaptive hysteresis band current controller for shunt active power filters", Electric Power Systems Research, 73, pp113–119

Fvm Analysis for Thermal and Hydraulic Behaviour of Circular Finned Mpfhs by Using Ag-H₂0 Nano Fluid

Abstract: In this exploration the influence of using two types of Nano fluids (Ag-water and Al203-water) as a coolant at volumetric concentration is taken (c= 4%) in micro pin fin heat sink with circular fins in addition to the un-finned micro-channel heat sink is deliberated with the help of commercially available computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 14. The evaluation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of MPFHS and cooling fluids has been made under the similar boundary condition; at the range of Reynolds number used is (100-500). The gotten outcomes is exemplified that, Ag-water Nano fluid is gives the minimum pressure drop and slightly maximum heat transfer rate compared to Al203-water Nano fluid. And circular finned heat sink is dissipating more amount of heat compared to un-finned micro-channel heat sink. But it is also gives the maximum pressure drop due to finned area.

Key words: Nano fluid, MPFHS, Heat Transfer, Pressure drop, CFD

Reference
[1] A.A. Alfaryjat , H.A.Mohammed, Nor Mariah Adam, M.K.A. Ariffin , M.I. Najafabadi "'Influence of geometrical parameters of hexagonal, circular, and rhombus micro channel heat sinks on the thermo hydraulic characteristics" , International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2014) 121–131.
[2] Mushtaq Ismael Hasan"Investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro pin fin heat sink with nanofluid" ,Applied Thermal Engineering 63 (2014) 598-607.
[3] W.H. Azmi , K.V. Sharma, P.K. Sarma, RizalmanMamat, ShahraniAnuar a,1, V. Dharma Rao; "Experimental determination of turbulent forced convection heat transfer and friction factor with SiO2 nanofluid" Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 51 (2013) 103–111
[4] PaisarnNaphon, LursukdNakharintrFarkade "Heat transfer of nanofluids in the mini-rectangular fin heat sinks" ,International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 40 (2013) 25–31
[5] H.A. Mohammed, P. Gunnasegaran, N.H. Shuaib, "The impact of various nanofluid types on triangular microchannel heat sink cooling performance" Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 38 (2011) 767-773

Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Materials

Abstract: Chassis is the foremost component of an automobile that acts as the frame to support the vehicle body. Hence the frame ought to be very rigid and robust enough to resist shocks vibrations and stresses acting on a moving vehicle. Steel in its numerous forms is commonly used material for producing chassis and overtime alumimium has acquired its use. However, in this study traditional materials are replaced with ultra light weight carbon fiber materials. High strength and low weight of carbon fibers makes it ideal for manufacturing automotive chassis. This paper depicts the modal and static structural analysis of TATA 407 fire truck chassis frame for steel as well as carbon fibers. From the analyzed results, stress, strain and total deformation values were compared for both the materials. Since it is easy to analyze structural systems by finite element method, the chassis is modified using PRO-E and the Finite Element Analysis is performed on ANSYS workbench.

Key words: ANSYS, FEA, Ladder frame, Modal analysis, Structural analysis

Reference
[1] Chandra M. R., Sreenivasulu S., Hussain S. A., Modeling and Structural Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis Made of Polymeric Composite Material by Three Different Cross Sections, International Journal of Modern Engineering. Research, Volume 2, Issue.4, July-Aug. 2012, ISSN: 2249-6645.
[2] Juvvi Siva Nagaraju, U. Hari Babu, Design And Structural Analysis Of Heavy Vehicle Chasis Frame Made Of Composite Material By Varying Reinforcement Angles Of Layers, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2, January March 2012, ISSN: 2249-8974
[3] Tulasiram N., Charyulu T. N., Design and Analysis of Vehicle Chassis Frame, Indian Streams Research Journal, Volume 2, Issue 7, August 2012, ISSN: 2230-7850.
[4] Seshu P., Textbook of Finite Element Analysis (PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., May 2009, ISBN: 97881-203-23155).
[5] Patel T. M., Dr. Bhatt M. G. and Patel H. K., Analysis and Validation of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame using ANSYS, International Journal Of Emerging Trends And Technology in Comp. Science (IJETTCS), Volume 2, Issue 2, March – April 2013, ISSN 2278-6856.

Virulence Phenotype, Physicochemical Properties and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Polyethylene Used In Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Abstract: Potable water piping has been demonstrated to serve as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this report, we describe the characterization of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from water intended for human consumption by the presence of virulence factors. These strains expressed their suitability for adhesion and the formation of biofilms on polyethylene (PE). Also In this work, we were able to elucidate the factors intervening in adhesion and biofilm formation by showing the role of the substrate, the environment and bacteria. Strong correlation was observed between physicochemical properties especially the electron donor property and the surface percentage covered by cells. These results indicate that this property plays a crucial role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence on the PE surface. In addition, if no relationship was found between the adhesion results and hydrophobicity, it means that this property was not involved in the adhesion process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the PE surface.

Key words: Biofilm, Physicochemical properties, Potable water piping, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Virulence phenotype.

Reference
[1] U. Szewzyk, R. Szewzyk, W. Manz, and K. H. Schleifer, Microbiological safety of drinking water, Ann Rev Microbiol., 54, 2000, 81–127.
[2] Who-Library, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, In: Cataloguing-Publication Data, 3rd edn. Who, 2004, Geneva.
[3] B. Kilb, B. Lange, G. Schaule, H. C. Flemming and J. Wingender, Contamination of drinking water by coliforms from biofilms grown on rubber-coated valves, Int J Hyg Environ Health, 206, 2003, 563–573.
[4] P. Servais, P. Laurent and G. Randon, Comparison of the bacterial dynamics in various French distribution systems, J. Water SRT –Aqua., 44, 1995, 10-17.
[5] J. Wingender and H.C. Flemming, Contamination potential of drinking water distribution network biofilms, Water Sci. Technol., 49(11–12), 2004, vol., pp. 277-286.

Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used In Hemodialysis against both Staphylococcus Warneri and Staphylococcus Sciuri Biofilms

Abstract: Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and included in an extracellular matrix making it resistant to exogenous deleterious agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm effect of five commercials disinfectants having different active principles (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol) on four Staphylococcus strains isolated from hemodialysis unit surfaces. The disinfectants anti-adhesive effect was estimated to an exceeding rate 70% for the various studied dilutions and 90% towards the pure products. Whereas the anti-biofilm effect showed an elimination rate varying between 10 % and 95 % according to the following parameters: active principle, time of contact, concentration and bacterial strain. Our study demonstrated that all tested products have an interesting anti-adhesive effect and that the peroxide of hydrogen is endowed with important anti-biofilm efficiency, followed by the alcoholic products and the sodium hypochlorite.

Key words: anti-adhesive effect, anti-biofilm effect, disinfectants, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sciuri

Reference
[1] J.J. Engeman, J.Y. Friedman, S.D. Reed et al. Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, Infection control and Hospital Epidemiology, 26, 2005, 534-539.
[2] S. Rouillon, S. Ourdanabia, S. Jamart, C. Hernandez and O. Meunier, Susceptibility of the hospital environmental bacterial strains to a detergent and disinfectant product for surfaces, Pathologie-biologie, 54(6), 2006, 325-30.
[3] I. P. Molobela, T. Eugene Cloete and Mervyn Beukes, Protease and amylase enzymes for biofilm removal and degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(14), 2010, 1515-1524.
[4] C. Campanac, L. Pineau, A. Payard, G. Baziard-Mouysset and C. Roques, Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46(5), 2002, 1469-1474
[5] NCCLS, National committee for clinical Laboratory Standards. Method for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically 7 th (Ed.), Approved standard, (Wayne, PA. 2006) M7-A7.

Study of Microstructure Degradation of Boiler Tubes Due To Creep for Remaining Life Analysis

Abstract: In the current scenario of power shortage in India, the main objective is to ensure availability of power plant and increasing its reliability. During assessment ,testing and inspection a simple question has to be asked again and again‖ How long the particular power plants can be operated safely and cost-effectively with satisfying increased requirements and operational availability with reduced pollutant emissions, even after their designed life. So to answer this important question regarding the operational capability of the existing plant the remaining life analysis (RLA) has to be done. The condition of the plant equipments can be assessed only by way of a RLA methodology. On the basis of RLA proper decision can be made about the plants safety and availability. There are many methods to carry out the RLA of the critical components out of which ―microstructure study‖ is a method. In this paper we have tried to outline the RLA procedures and review the various damage mechanisms based on microstructure study. It is also presents the microstructure changes and properties of 106720 service hour exposed boiler tube in a 120 MW boiler of a thermal power plant.

Key words: service exposed boiler tubes, microstructure, remaining life analysis, creep.

Reference
[1] R Viswanathan and R.B. Dooley, Creep Life Assessment Techniques for Fossil Power Plant Boiler Pressure Parts, International Conference on Creep. JSME, 1. Mech. E., ASME, and ASTM, Tokyo, Apr 14-18, 1986, 349-359.
[2] R. Viswanathan, J.R. Foulds, and D.A. Roberts, Methods for Estimating the Temperature of Reheater and Superheater Tubes in Fossil Boilers, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Life Extension and Assessment, The Hague, June 1988.
[3] L.H. Toft and R.A. Mardsen, The Structure and Properties of 1% Cr-0.5%Mo Steel After Service in CEGB Power Stations, in Conference on Structural Processes in Creep, JISI/JIM, London, (1963), 275.
[4] R. Coade, Temperature Determination Based on Microstructural Changes Occurring in 1% Cr-0.5% Mo Steel, Report No.SO/85/87,State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia, Feb 1885.
[5] I.M. Rehn and W. Apblett, Corrosion Problems in Coal Fired Fossil Boiler Superheater and Reheater Tubes, Report CS 181 lm Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, (1981).

Generalized Carleson Operator and Convergence of Walsh Type Wavelet Packet Expansions

Abstract: In this paper, two new theorems on generalized Carleson Operator for a Walsh type wavelet packet system and for periodic Walsh type wavelet packet expansion of a function feL^p 0,1 , 1<𝑝<∞, have been established. Mathematics Subject Classification: 40A30, 42C15

Key words: Walsh function, Walsh- type wavelet Packets, periodic Walsh- type wavelet packets, Ces𝑎 ro's means of order 1 for single infinite series and for double infinite series, generalized Carleson operator for Walsh type and for periodic Walsh type wavelet packets.

Reference
[1] Billard, P., Sur la convergence Presque partout des series de Fourier-Walshdes fontions de l'espace 𝐿²(0,1), Studia Math, 28:363-388, 1967.
[2] Bromwich, T. J .I 'A., An introduction to the theory of infinite Series, The University press, Macmillan and Co; Limited, London, 1908.
[3] Carleson, L. , "On convergence and growth of partial sums of Fourier series" , Acta Mathematica 116(1): 135157, (1966).
[4] Golubov , B., Efimov, A. And Skvortson, V., Walsh Series and Transforms, Dordrcct: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group ,Theory and application, Translated Form the 1987 Russian Original by W.R.. Wade, 1991.
[5] Hardy, G. H., Divergent Series, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1949.

Design, Development and Testing of an Areca nut Dehusking Agri-machine

Abstract: Areca nut has to be processed in dry condition by peeling the outer shell completely. Peeling of Areca nut is very difficult by hand. However it is being done manually by using a sharp knife with a production rate of 3kg/hr. So it is essential to develop an agri-machine which will increase the production rate and safety to labourers. Presently there are few machines available but these machines are not suitable for variety of sizes of Areca nut which leads into the insufficient removal of outer shell of Areca nut. Therefore there is enough scope to develop a agri-machine suitable for variety of sizes of Areca nut which will overcome these problems. The present reserch work emphasizes on developing an Areca nut Dehusking agri-machine for three different sizes of Areca nut. The concept is to shear-off the husk of the dry Areca nut by shearing force. The features a Dehusking mechanism, and a power drive. The experiments were conducted by changing the blades, and selecting the best method. The first experiment were conducted by mounting set of two cutters separated by spacers for each size of Areca nut, then the set of two cutters were replaced by single cutters and the results of both the experiments were compared and concluded that the single cutters were more efficient than the set of two cutters in Dehusking the Areca nut.

Key words: Arecanut, Peeling, Dehusking, Agri-machine, cutters.

Reference
[1] R Gunaseelan, Sankaralingam Shanthi, Ramesh Sowmya, Manjula Datta, 2007 Areca nut use among rural residents of Sriperambudur Taluk: A qualitative study, Indian Journal of Dental Research, Volume : 18 Issue : 1 Page : 11-14.
[2] Development of e-courses for B.Sc (Agriculture) by NAIP.
[3] Jaysekhars, June 2013, Arecanut and Cocoa Production and Marketing Aspects.
[4] Balasubramanian M; Panwar J S (1986). Mechanical properties of arecanut (Areca catechu linn) as related to dehusking. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (ISAE), 23(1), 82–88.
[5] Baboo B (1981). A device for dehusking arecanut. Journal ofAgricultural Engineering (ISAE), 19(1), 63–65.

Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water Using Sawdust

Abstract: In this study, the adsorption behaviour of sawdust has been studied in order to consider its application for fluoride removal. The batch adsorption method was employed: Laboratory investigation of the potential of sawdust to remove fluoride from aqueous solution has been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as pH (3-11), adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.5 g/l),particle size(90μm to 300μm), contact time(30-150 min) and initial concentration(5 to 30mg/l) were investigated . The equilibrium data have been analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models, the experimental data were better fitted to the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetics also investigated by the pseudo-first-order , pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich model . The deflouridation process followed pseudo second order model.

Key words: adsorption, deflouridation, isotherms

Reference
[1] E.J. Underwood, Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, Academic Press, New York, 1997, p. 545.
[2] Jamode, A.V., 2005, Evaluation of performance and kinetic parameters for defluoridation using Azadiraktha indica (Neem) leaves as lowcost adsorbents. Pollution research, 23 (2), 239- 250.
[3] Shivakumar,M., Rama murthy, M.V., 1977, Quality of well water in madhrai. Ind.J.health, 19(3), 199 – 209.
[4] Guptha, S.C., Doshi, C.S., and Paliwal, B.L. 1986, Occurance and chemistry of high fluoride ground water in Jalore district of western Rajasthan. Annals Arid Zone. 25(4), 255-265.
[5] Shukla nandita, J.K., Moitra and Trivedi, R.C. 1995, Fluoride level in exfoliated human teeth from 2 contrast environmental regions in India. Indian J.Env.Prot., 15(12), 903-905

Advanced Design of Composite Steel-Concrete Structural element

Abstract: Composite framing system consisting of steel beams acting interactively with metal deck-concrete slab and concrete encased composite columns, has been as a viable alternative to the conventional steel or reinforced concrete system in the high-rise construction. However, in Indian context, it is comparatively new and no appropriate design codes are available for the same. Complications in the analysis and design of composite structures have led numerous researchers to develop simplified methods so as to eliminate a number of large scale tests needed for the design. In the present work, a simplified method of composite slabs, beams and columns design is used and software is developed with pre- and post- processing facilities in VB.NET. All principal design checks are incorporated in the software. The full and partial shear connection and the requirement for transverse reinforcement are also considered. To facilitate direct selection of steel section, a database is prepared and is available at the back end with the properties of all standard steel sections. Screen shots are included in the paper to illustrate the method employed for selecting the appropriate section and shear connectors and thus to verify the design adequacy.

Reference
[1.] Eurocode 4 (2004), "General rules for buildings design of composite steel and concrete structure", Committee Members of the European Union.
[2.] IS: 456 (2000), "Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[3.] IS: 11384 (1985), "Code of practice for composite construction in structural steel and concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[4.] Johnson R. P. (2004), "Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete", Vol. 1, Blackwell Scientific Publications, U.K.
[5.] Narayanan, R. and Kalyanaraman, V. (2001), "Teaching resource of structural steel design", Vol. 2, Institute for Steel Development and Growth (INSDAG), Kolkata. [6.] Nethercot D. A. (2004), "Composite Construction", Spon Press of the Taylor and Francis Group, London.

Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Region

Abstract: The Project is aimed at designing a wind turbine that can be able to build by Laypersons, using readily available material which is feasible & affordable to provide much needed electricity. Since most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped by large scale wind turbine and so it required creating a large scope for the development of low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have major influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This can be achieved by comparing the effectiveness of a crude blade fashioned from a different Size, Material & standard of PVC drainage pipe which are easily available in market. It can be evaluated by performing experimental analysis, data collection & its evaluation on different type & size of PVC Pipe & preparing an analytical tool for best Design.

Key words: Wind Turbine, Laypersons, Wind Power Density regions, Low wind Speed Turbines, Aerodynamic profiles, crude blade.

Reference
[1] D.Y.C. Leung, Y. Deng, M.K.H. Leung,"Design Optimization of a Cost-Effective Micro Wind Turbine" Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Vol II WCE 2010, June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K.
[2] Prof. H. S. Patil,"Experimental work on horizontal axis PVC turbine blade of power wind mill" IJME Volume 2 Issue 2 available on http://vixra.org/pdf/1208.0198v1.pdf
[3] Dr. S. P. Vendan, S. Aravind Lovelin, M. Manibharathi & C. Rajkum, "Analysis of a Wind Turbine Blade Profile for Tapping Wind Power at the Regions of Low Wind Speed " IJME Volume 2 Issue 2 available on http://www.ijmejournal.com/uploads/displayVolumeIssue/ V-2-I-2-ID-1.pdf
[4] http://poisson.me.dal.ca/~dp_07_1/Downloads_files/AprilReport.pdf.
[5] http://windempowerment.org/wp-content/uploads/Blade-Element-Momentum-analysis-of-pvc-pipe-VS-wood-blades-on-a-100W-turbine.pdf.

A Survey of String Matching Algorithms

Abstract: The concept of string matching algorithms are playing an important role of string algorithms in finding a place where one or several strings (patterns) are found in a large body of text (e.g., data streaming, a sentence, a paragraph, a book, etc.). Its application covers a wide range, including intrusion detection Systems (IDS) in computer networks, applications in bioinformatics, detecting plagiarism, information security, pattern recognition, document matching and text mining. In this paper we present a short survey for well-known and recent updated and hybrid string matching algorithms. These algorithms can be divided into two major categories, known as exact string matching and approximate string matching. The string matching classification criteria was selected to highlight important features of matching strategies, in order to identify challenges and vulnerabilities.

Key words: String matching, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), exact string matching, approximate string matching.

Reference
[1] Y. Hong, X. Ke, and C.Yong, "An improved Wu-Manber Multiple Patterns Matching Algorithm", in Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, IPCCC 2006. 25th IEEE International, 6 pp. – 680, 2006.
[2] S. Faro, T. Lecroq, "The Exact Online String Matching Problem: a Review of the Most Recent Results", ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) Surveys Homepage archive, Volume 45 Issue 2, Article No. 13, February 2013.
[3] P. Michailidis and K. Margaritis, "On-line String Matching Algorithms: Survey and Experimental Results", International Journal of Computer Mathematics, volume 76, Issue 4, 2001.
[4] D. Knuth, J. Morris, and V. Pratt, "Fast pattern matching in strings", SIAM Journal on Computing, volume 6(1), 322–350. (1977).
[5] R. Boyer, J. Moore, "A fast string searching algorithm", Communication of the ACM, volume 20(10), 762–772, (1977).

Personalized Web Search Using Trust Based Hubs And Authorities

Abstract: In this paper method has been proposed to improve the precision of Personalized Web Search (PWS) using Trust based Hubs and Authorities(HA) where Hubs are the high quality resource pages and Authorities are the high quality content pages in the specific topic generated using Hyperlink- Induced Topic Search (HITS). The Trust is used in HITS for increasing the reliability of HITS in identifying the good hubs and authorities for effective web search and overcome the problem of topic drift found in HITS. Experimental Study was conducted on the data set of web query sessions to test the effectiveness of PWS with Trust based HA in domains Academics, Entertainment and Sport. The experimental results were compared on the basis of improvement in average precision using PWS with HA (with/without Trust). The results verified statistically show the significant improvement in precision using PWS with HA (with Trust).

Key words: Information Retrieval, Search engine, Web, Information Scent, Clustering, Trust, Hubs, Authorities, HITS, Personalized Web Search.

Reference
[1] A.Abdul-Rahman, S. Hailes. A distributed trust model, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on New Security Paradigms, ACM New York, U.S.A, 1997, pp. 48–60.
[2] A.Abdul-Rahman, S. Hailes. Supporting trust in virtual communities. In Proceedings of the 33th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE computer Society, Washington, USA, 6, 2000, pp. 6007.
[3] A.Jøsang. Probabilistic Logic Under Uncertainty, In Proceedings of thirteen Australasian symposium on Theory of Computing, 65, Australian Computer Society, Australia, 2007, pp. 101-110.
[4] A.Kritikopoulos, and M. Sideri. The Compass filter: Search engine result personalization using web communities. Lecture Notes Computer Science, LNAI 3169, 2005, pp. 229-240.
[5] A.Micarelli, and F. Sciarrone. Anatomy and Empirical evaluation of an adaptive web-based information filtering system. Journal User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 14(2-3), 2004, pp. 159-200.

Using Tunisian Phosphate Rock and Her Converted Hydroxyapatite for Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution

Abstract: Natural and synthesis apatites represent a cost effective soil amendment, which can be used for in situ reduction of lead bioavailability and mobility. In our previous work, we selected Tunisian Phosphate Rock (TPR) and Hydroxyapatite (CaHAp) as promising minerals for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (DRX), Infra Red (IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize TPR and CaHAp. CaHAp was prepared from TPR and employed for the removal of Pb²⁺ ions at different concentrations from aqueous solution to determine the adsorption properties of CaHAp and compare them with those of a TPR. The kinetic data obtained indicated that the adsorption performances of the adsorbents depended both on their specific surface area and crystallinity. Complexation of lead ion on the adsorbent surface favoured the dissolution of hydroxyapatites characterized by a Ca/Pb molar ratio of 1.69. The maximum adsorption capacity of CaHAp for Pb²⁺ ions at 25 °C was 1.806 mmol /g relative to 1.035 mmol /g for TPR at the same temperature. The higher capacity of CaHAp was explained in terms of its porosity and crystallinity. The Pb²⁺ ions sorption results could be modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The simulations of adsorption isotherms of Pb²⁺ on CaHAp allow us to conclude that there is a good correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir model. On TPR, we show a good correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir and Freundlich model.

Index Term: Tunisian Phosphate Rock, Hydroxyapatite, lead, sorption kinetics, Freundlich, Langmuir.

Reference
[1] A. Aklil, M. Mouflih, S. Sebti, Removal of heavy metal ions from water by using calcined phosphate as a new adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater, 112, 2004, 183-190.
[2] M. Mouflih, A. Aklil, S. Sebti, Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by activated phosphate, J. Hazard. Mater, 119, 2005, 183-188.
[3] M. Machida, R. Yamazaki, M. Aikawa, H. Tatsumoto, Role of minerals in carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution, Sep. Purif. Technol, 46, 2005, 88-94.
[4] K.S. Hui, C.Y.H. Chao, S.C. Kot, Removal of mixed heavy metal ions in wastewater by zeolite 4A and residual products from recycled coal fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater, 127, 2005, 89-101.
[5] Y. Bulut, Z. Baysal, Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater using wheat bran, J. Environ. Manage, 78, 2006, 107-113.

Application of Taguchi Method to Study the Effect of Saw Parameters on Nickel Element Transfer

Abstract: Submerged arc welding is most widely used in industries and research organizations. In this work the effect of of various parameters on Nickel element transfer was studied. L9 Orthogonal array was used & three factors Welding Current, Arc Voltage, Welding Speed were taken. Test material was AISI SS 304 plates. It is concluded that welding current is the most significant factor for the transfer of Nickel element to the weld metal. It is also concluded that with an increase in the value of arc voltage & welding speed Nickel element shows a decreasing trend

Key words: Submerged arc welding, Nickel, taguchi, design of experiment, S/N ratio.

Reference
[1] Parmar, R.S., "Welding Processes and Technology", Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.
[2] Mohit Sharma, Deepak Gupta and Karun, "Submerged Arc Welding : A Review, International Journal of Current Engg and Technol. Vol. 4, No. 3, 2014.
[3] ASM International, Weld Integrity and Performance, S. Lampman Tech. Ed. 1997.
[4] L.-E. Svensson: Control of microstructure and properties in steel arc welds,CRC Press, Inc. 1994
[5] Pandey N D, Bharti A and Gupta S R, "Effect of submerged arc welding parameters and fluxes on element transfer behaviour and weld-metal chemistry. J. Materials Processing Technol. 40(1–2): 195–211, 1994

Facilitation of Human Resource Information Systems on Performance of Public Sector in Jordan

Abstract: The aim of this study is to provide an introductory presentation of the concept of human recourse information system in theoretical framework and to identify the degree of satisfaction of uses Human resource information systems in Jordan. A questionnaire was justified and developed by the researcher to measure the performance of employees based on previous studies was applied to (95) employees at public sector in Jordan. The study was using SPSS to analyses data. The results indicate that employees at public sector in Jordan there were a statistically significant relationship between the planning, recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and incentives, and career planning and performance of employees. However the sample reported a significant in the seven hypotheses and accepted but the hypotheses (Ha1, Ha2 and Hb1) is rejected. The study have recommendations should gives more attention to focus on.

Key words: human recourse information system; public sector; performance; satisfaction of uses human recourse information system.

Reference
[1] Altaany (2013). "Impact of Management Information Systems to Improve Performance in Municipalities in North of Jordan". Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research. VOL 5, NO 6. ijcrb.webs.com
[2] Anil C. Bhavsar (2011), "A Conceptual Paper on Human Resource Information System (HRIS)", Golden Resrach Thoughts, Vol.1 IssueV, pp 1-4.
[3] Beadles, N. A., Lowery, C. M., & Johns, K. (2005). The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector, Communication of the IIMA, 5(4), pp. 39–46.
[4] Beckers, A.M. and Bsat, M.Z. (2002), "A DSS classification model for research in human resource information systems", Information Systems Management, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 41-50.
[5] Haag, S., & Cummings, M. (2008). Management information systems for the information age. New York, USA: McGraw Hill.

Analysis Approach to Improve Star Rating Of Water Heater

Abstract: Electric Water Heaters are widely used all over the world that can be categorized in two types i.e. Instant Water Heaters & Storage type Water Heaters. The energy consumption for 6 liter water heaters is much higher in the storage type of water heater. As energy is an important factor for economic development of country, therefore there is need to save the energy which implies the focus to use Storage type Water Heaters. In 6 Liter water heater, Existing model converting from 4 star rating to 5 star rating by thermal analysis & insulation. After the theoretical calculation of thickness of glass wool is the practical testing of product with BEE norms & got results for 5 Star Calculation. Finally we are doing the thermal analysis for theoretical & practical verification of the product.

Key words: Energy Saving, Standing Loss, 5 Star Rating, Thermal Insulations, Thermal Analysis

Reference
[1] R Donald. Wulfinghoff "Energy Efficiency Manual Energy Institute Press"
[2] 1999 ISBN 09657926-7-6 pages 458-460 "Domestic Water Heating Design Manual (2nd Edition), American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE), 2003, ISBN 978-1-891255-18-2 page 13-14"
[3] White Paper, "Electrical Energy Storage", dec2011, ICE Published
[4] Mtthieu Orphelin, Paul Waide, Herbert Lechner, JérômeAdnot, Cornelia Kawann, Manfred Sakulin, "Improving the Efficiency of Domestic Electric Water Heaters", Panel 2 - ID 46 - p1
[5] A.H.Fanny, B. P. Dougherty, "The Thermal Performance of Residential Electric Water heaters Subjected to Various peak-off", 80/Vol.118, May1996

Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structural Coupled FEA

Abstract: A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined.

Key words: FEA;Modal FEA; Non-Linear, Dish Reactor.

Reference
[1.] J.Y. Zheng, P. Xu, C. Chen "Investigation on bursting pressure of flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 75 (1998) 581–587.
[2.] T. Aseer Brabin, T. Christopher, B. Nageswara Rao,*"Finite element analysis of cylindrical pressure vessels having a misalignment in a circumferential joint" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 87 (2010) 197-201.
[3.] H. Darijani , M.H. Kargarnovin , R. Naghdabadi "Design of thick-walled cylindrical vessels under internal pressure based on elasto-plastic approach" Materials and Design 30 (2009) 3537–3544.
[4.] Jaroslav Mackerle "Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976-1996)" Int. J. Press-. Vess. & Piping 69 (1996) 279-339
[5.] Z. Sanal "Nonlinear analysis of pressure vessels: some examples" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 77 (2000)705-709.

Web Page Recommendation Using Web Mining

Abstract: On World Wide Web various kind of content are generated in huge amount, so to give relevant result to user web recommendation become important part of web application. On web different kind of web recommendation are made available to user every day that includes Image, Video, Audio, query suggestion and web page. In this paper we are aiming at providing framework for web page recommendation. 1) First we describe the basics of web mining, types of web mining. 2) Details of each web mining technique.3)We propose the architecture for the personalized web page recommendation.

Key words: Web mining, web recommendation, web personalization, and User sequence data.

Reference
[1] B. Liu, B. Mobasher, and O. Nasraoui, "Web Usage Mining," in Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and UsageData, B. Liu, Ed.: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp.527-603.
[2] B. Mobasher, "Data Mining for Web Personalization," in TheAdaptive Web. vol. 4321, P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa, and W. Nejdl,Eds.: Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 90-135.
[3] G. Stumme, A. Hotho, and B. Berendt, "Usage Mining for and on the Semantic Web," AAAI/MIT Press, 2004, pp. 461-480.
[4] H. Dai and B. Mobasher, "Integrating Semantic Knowledge with Web Usage Mining for Personalization," in Web Mining:Applications and Techniques, A. Scime, Ed. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2005, pp. 276 - 306.
[5] S. A. Rios and J. D. Velasquez, "SemanticWeb Usage Mining by a Concept-Based Approach for Off-line Web Site Enhancements," in Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2008. WI-IAT '08. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on, 2008, pp. 234-241.

ALU Using Area Optimized Vedic Multiplier

Abstract: The load on general processor is increasing. For Fast Operations it is an extreme importance in Arithmetic Unit. The performance of Arithmetic Unit depends greatly on it multipliers. So, researchers are continuous searching for new approaches and hardware to implement arithmetic operation in huge efficient way in the terms of speed and area. Vedic Mathematics is the old system of mathematics which has a different technique of calculations based on total 16 Sutras. Proposed work has discussion of the quality of Urdhva Triyakbhyam Vedic approach for multiplication which uses different way than actual process of multiplication itself. It allows parallel generation of elements of products also eliminates undesired multiplication steps with zeros and mapped to higher level of bit using Karatsuba technique with processors, the compatibility to various data types. It is been observed that lot of delay is required by the conventional adders which are needed to have the partial products so in the work it is further optimized the Vedic multiplier type Urdhva Triyakbhyam by replacing the traditional adder with Carry save Adder to have more Delay Optimization. The proposed work shows improvement of speed as compare with the traditional designs. After the proposal discussion of the Vedic multiplier in the paper, It is been used for the implementation of Arithmetic unit using proposed efficient Vedic Multiplier it is not only useful for the improve efficiency the arithmetic module of ALU but also it is useful in the area of digital signal processing. The RTL entry of proposed Arithmetic unit done in VHDL it is synthesized and simulated with Xilinx ISE EDA tool. At the last the proposed Arithmetic Unit is validated on a FPGA device Vertex-IV.

Key words: Urdhva Triyakbhyam Sutra, Vedic mathematics, Carry Save Adder, VHDL

Reference
[1] "Lifting Scheme Discrete Wavelet Transform Using Vertical and Crosswise Multipliers", Anthony O‟Brien and Richard Conway, ISSC, June 18-19, 2008, Galway,
[2] "Application of Urdhva Sutra", A.P. Nicholas, K.R Williams, J. Pickles, Spiritual Study Group, Roorkee (India), 1984.
[3] "VLSI Based High Speed Karatsuba Multiplier for Cryptographic Applications Using Vedic Mathematics", Mrs. M. Ramalatha, Prof. D. Sridharan, 2007, IJSCI.
[4] "High Speed Efficient N x N Bit Parallel Hierarchical Overlay Multiplier Architecture Based on Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics", Thapliyal H. and Srinivas M.B., 2004, Vol.2, Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology,.
[5] Vedic Mathematics, Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthatji Maharaja, Motilal Banarsidass Publication, 1992.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Causes and Effects of Change Orders on Construction Projects in Kuwait Causes and Effects of Change Orders on Construction Projects in Kuwait Abstract: This research investigates the change orders in public and private construction projects in Kuwait. The study in this research presents the results of a questionnaire surveying the owners, contractors and consultants on a sample comprising 385 engineers representing the construction industry. The responses to the questionnaire help in identifying the general characteristics of the construction industry in Kuwait as well as ranking the most common causes of changes, their effects on the projects and the control measures to address the changes. The results of the questionnaire indicate that the owner is the most responsible party causing changes. The study identifies that the first cause is change of plans by owner, otherwise increase in cost of the project is the first effect. All changes to design documents are checked and reviewed is the first control. Key words: Causes of change order, change orders, control of change order, and effects of change order. Reference [1] Zawawi, N., Azman, N. and Kamar, M. (2010),'Sustainable Construction Practice: Areview of Change Orders in Construction Projects'. International Conference on Environment, 13-15 Dec., Pulau Pinang. [2] Osman, Z., Omran, A. and Foo, C.K. (2009), 'The potential effects of variation orders in Construction Projects'. Journal of Engineering, 2, 141–152. [3] Rashid, I., Elmikawi, M. and Saleh, A. (2012), 'The Impact of Change Orders on construction projects Sports Facilities Case Study'. Journal of American Science, 8(8), 628-631. [4] Homaid, N., Eldosouky, A. and AlGhmdi, M. (2011), "Change Orders in Saudi Linear Construction Projects'.Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 16(1), 33-42. [5] Aljeshi, S. and Almarzouq, H. (2008), "Change Orders in Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia'. Term research paper – CEM-520, Construction Engineering and Management Department, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia. Alia Alaryan, Emadelbeltagi, Ashraf Elshahat and Mahmoud Dawood	01-08
2.	Experimental and Exergy Analysis of A Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Parallel Flow Arrangement Experimental and Exergy Analysis of A Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Parallel Flow Arrangement Abstract: This paper presents For Experimental and Exergy Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for Parallel- flow Arrangement. The Double pipe heat exchanger is one of the Different types of heat exchangers. double-pipe exchanger because one fluid flows inside a pipe and the other fluid flows between that pipe and another pipe that surrounds the first.In a parallel flow, both the hot and cold fluids enter the Heatexchanger at same end andmove in same direction. The present work is taken up to carry experimental work and the exergy analysis based on second law analysis of a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger. In experimental set up hot water and cold water will be used working fluids. The inlet Hot water will be varied from 40 ⁰C and 50 ⁰C and cold water temperature will be varied from between 15 and 20 ⁰C. It has been planned to find effects of the inlet condition of both working fluid flowing through the heat exchanger on the heat transfer characteristics, entropy generation, and Exergy loss. The Mathematical modelling of heat exchanger will based on the conservation equation of mass, energy and based on second law of thermodynamics to find entropy generation and exergy losses. Reference [1] Khairul M.A; Heat transfer performance and exergy analyses of a corrugated plate heat exchanger using metal oxide nano fluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer.,2013. [2] Hepbasil. A; Low exergy modelling and performance analysis of greenhouses coupled to closed earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) ., Energy and Buildings,2013, Volume 64, Pages 224-230. [3] Qureshi .B .A and Zubair. S.M; Second-law-based performance evaluation of cooling towers and evaporative heat exchangers, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2007; Pages 188-198. [4] Naphon. P.; Second law analysis on the heat transfer of the horizontal concentric tube heat exchanger. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2006; Pages 1029-1041. [5] Akpinarn. K. E and Bicer; Investigation of heat transfer and exergy loss in a concentric double pipe exchanger equipped with swirl generators, International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2005, Pages 598-607. Parth P. Parekh, Dr.Neeraj K. Chavda	09-13
3.	Coupled Line Band Pass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for Wide Band Application Coupled Line Band Pass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for Wide Band Application Abstract: In this paper a novel wideband microstrip band pass filter is proposed. The band pass filter is designed with coupling between two L-shaped microstriplines and is terminated with a high impedance line. The three circle shapes are etched out at the ground plane and is called defected ground structure (DGS), which provides better return loss as well as it reduces harmonics. Simulated and measured results both are in true agreement with each other. Results show that the defected microstrip filter has a good performance, including a wide pass band of 3.0 GHz to 5.6 GHz at 3dB cut off frequencies with bandwidth of 2.6 GHz, and a small insertion loss. The return loss is found to be higher than 15 dB. Index Terms: Bandpass filter, DGS Filter, Wide Band filter. Reference [1] J.S. Lim, C.S. Kim, Y.T. Lee, D. Ahn and S. Nam, "Design of Low Pass filters Using Defected Ground Structure and Compensated Microstrip Line," IEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 38, No. 22, 24 October 2002, pp. 1357–1358. [2] Anand K. Verma, Adel B. Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed Boutejdar , & A.S.Omar "Control of Bandstop Response of Hi-Lo Microstrip Low Pass Filter Using slot in Ground Plane"IEEE, Transactions on MTT,Vol.52,No3,March 2004. [3] Kumar, P.; Kishor, J.; Shrivastav, A.K.; "Formulation of size reduction technique in microstrip circuits using DGS and DMS" Recent Advances in Microwave Theory and Applications, 2008.Microwave 2008. International Conference on 21-24. Nov. 2008 Page(s):861 – 864 Digital Object Identifier 1109/AMTA.2008.4763173. [4] C.-L. Hsu, F.-C. Hsu, and J.-T. Kuo, "Microstrip bandpass filters for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications," in Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2005, pp. 679–682. [5] W. Menzel, M. S. Tito, and L. Zhu, "Low-loss ultra-wideband (UWB) filters using suspended stripline," in Proc. Asia-Pasific Microw. Conf. Dec. 2005, vol. 4, pp. 2148–2151. Abhiruchi Nagpal, Dr. P.K. Singhal	14-18
4.	Pressure Gradient Influence on MHD Flow for Generalized Burgers' Fluid with Slip Condition Pressure Gradient Influence on MHD Flow for Generalized Burgers' Fluid with Slip Condition Abstract: This paper presents a research for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible generalized Burgers' fluid including by an accelerating plate and flowing under the action of pressure gradient. Where the no – slip assumption between the wall and the fluid is no longer valid. The fractional calculus approach is introduced to establish the constitutive relationship of the generalized Burgers' fluid. By using the discrete Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives, a closed form solutions for the velocity and shear stress are obtained in terms of Fox H- function for the following two problems: (i) flow due to a constant pressure gradient, and (ii) flow due to due to a sinusoidal pressure gradient. The solutions for no – slip condition and no magnetic field, can be derived as special cases of our solutions. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters on the velocity distribution characteristics are analyzed and discussed in detail. Comparison between the two cases is also made. Key words: Generalized Burgers' fluid, Constant pressure gradient, Sinusoidal pressure gradient, Fox Hfunction. Reference [1] A. Ebaid; " Effects of Mgnetic Field and Wall Slip Conditions on the Peristaltic Transport of a Newtonian Fluid in an Asymmetric Channel", Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 4493- 4499. [2] A.-R. A. Khaleda and K. Vafaib; " The Effect of the Slip Condition on Stokes and Couette Flows due to an Oscillating Wall: Exact Solutions", Int. J. Nonlinear Mech. 39 (2004) 795- 809. [3] B. H. Tan, I. Jackson and J. D. F. Gerald; " High- Temperature Viscoelasiticity of Fine- Grained Polycystalline Olivine", Phys. Chem. Miner. 28 (2001) 641. [4] C. Derek, D. C. Tretheway and C. D. Meinhart; " Apparent Fluid Slip at Hydrophibic Microchannel Walls", Phys. Fluids 14 (2002) 9- 12. [5] C. Fetecau and Corina Fetecau; " Decary of Potential Vovtex in Maxwell fluid", Internet. J. Non- Linear Mech. 38 (2003) 985. Ghada H. Ibraheem, Ahmed M. Abdulhadi	19-33
5.	Remaining Life Analysis of Boiler Tubes on Behalf of Hoop Stresses Produced During Operation of Power Plant Remaining Life Analysis of Boiler Tubes on Behalf of Hoop Stresses Produced During Operation of Power Plant Abstract: Boiler tube material plays an important role in efficient power generation from a fossil fuel power plant. In order to meet out the gap between fluids to increase heat available per unit mass flow of steam. Waste heat utilization phenomenon is a big challenge on fossil fuel power plants as after use of high grade coal in thermal power plants the efficiency of power plants is not at the level of required value. Clean and efficient power generation with economical aspects is the basic need of growing power generation plants to justify the quality of power and clean power generation. Life analysis technique to calculate remaining life of boiler tubes at critical zones of high temperature requires much attention and is an important hypothesis in research field. Generation of repetitive and fluctuating stress during flow of high temperature and pressure fluid require proper attention on the methodology to be used to calculate the efficiency of system and absorption efficiency of tube material. In this paper complete mathematical analysis of boiler tubes is conducted for calculation of remaining life of boiler tubes, Hoop stress values are calculated and used with mathematical tool to calculate the efficiency. Hoop stress based calculation of efficiency is more reliable and may give more accurate and practical aspects based results. Key words: Absorption efficiency, Heat availability, Hoop stress analysis, Life analysis, Clean power, Tube material characteristics. Reference [1] D. Ghosh, H. Roy, T.K. Sahoo and A.K. Shukla, Failure investigation of platen superheater tube in a 210 MW thermal power plant boiler, Transaction of The Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 63,Issues 2-3,April-June 2010,PP. 687-690 [2] Metallurgical Failure in Fossil Fired Boilers by David N. French, 2nd- ed. (A Wiley Interscience publication) [3] BS 2790, Specification for design and manufacture of shell boilers of welded construction. British Standards Institution, London [4] Ameri, M. & Shamshirgaran, S.R., A Case Study: The Effects of the Design Factors on the Thermal Profile of Shahid Rajaiee Boiler, Applied Thermal Engineering, 28: 955-961, 2008 [5] Prakash and V.K. Tewary, "High temperature oxidation of metals and alloys", QI] Short Term Course Proceeding Roorkee, June 23-July 7, 1992. Mohd. Zeeshan Gauri, Kavita Sankhala, Dharmendra kumar jain	34-38
6.	Performance Comparison of CMOS and Finfet Based Circuits At 45nm Technology Using SPICE Performance Comparison of CMOS and Finfet Based Circuits At 45nm Technology Using SPICE Abstract: According to the Moore's Law, the number of transistors in a unit chip area double every two years. But the existing technology of integrated circuit formation is posing limitations to this law. CMOS technology shows certain limitations as the device is reduced more and more in the nanometer regime out of which power dissipation is an important issue. FinFET is evolving to be a promising technology in this regard. This paper aims to analyze and compare the characteristics of CMOS and FinFET circuits at 45nm technology. Inverter circuit is implemented in order to study the basic characteristics such as voltage transfer characteristics, leakage current and power dissipation. Further the efficiency of FinFET to reduce power as compared to CMOS is proved using SRAM circuit. The results show that the average power is reduced by 92.93% in read operation and by 97.8% in write operation. Key words: 6T SRAM cell, CMOS vs FinFET, FinFETs, Low power nanoscale design, Power dissipation Reference [1] B. Swahn and S. Hassoun, "Gate Sizing: FinFETs vs 32nm Bulk MOSFETs", Design Automation Conference, 2006 43rd ACM/IEEE, San Francisco, CA, 2006, 528-531. [2] R. Joshi, K. Kim and R. Kanj, "FinFET SRAM Design", in Nanoelectronic Circuit Design, Springer, 2011, 55-95. [3] Jan M. Rabaey Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, October 2001). [4] M. Sathe and N. Sarwade, "Power Optimization at Nanoscale using FinFETs and its Comparison with CMOS", International Journal of Computer Engineering and Applications, vol. 6, issue II, May 14, 33-41. [5] M. Rostami and K. Mohanram, "Dual-Vth Independent-Gate FinFETs for Low Power Logic Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design Of Integrated Circuits And Systems, vol. 30, no. 3, March 2011, 337-349. Mugdha Sathe, Dr. Nisha Sarwade	39-43
7.	Modeling and Estimation of Stationary and Non-stationary Noises of Rubidium Atomic Clock Modeling and Estimation of Stationary and Non-stationary Noises of Rubidium Atomic Clock Abstract: Noise estimation of atomic clock is one of the important research areas in the field of atomic clock development and application. Most of the atomic clocks are having random-stochastic noises and periodic noises due to temperature variation. Random-stochastic noises have a well identified signature in time domain but periodic noises are difficult to analyze in time domain. However, in this paper, an effort is made to identify and analyze the deterministic trends of both random-stochastic noises and periodic noises due to variation in temperature using an alternate approach of least-squares normalized-error (LSNE) regression algorithm. A MATLAB based application with graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to estimate and analyze random-stochastic noises and periodic noises and re-estimate the stability of rubidium atomic clock after removing these noises from the raw phase data. The estimation of stationary noises are done using Allan variance from time domain data and noise profile is calculated using curve fit method. The estimation of periodic noises due to temperature variation is carried in frequency domain through spurious analysis of the frequency data of atomic clock. Index Terms: LSNE, Rb, GUI, FP, WF, RWF Reference [1] Allan, D. W. (1966),―Statistics of Atomic Frequency Standards‖, Proceedings of IEEE,vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 221-230, Feb, 1966. [2] King, A. D., ―Characterization of Gyro In-Run Drift,‖Symposium Gyro Technology 1984, Oct. 1984, pp. 10.0-10.56. [3] Ng, Lawrence C., and Pines, Darryll J.,―Characterization of Ring Laser Gyro PerformanceUsing the Allan Variance Method,‖, Journal of GuidanceControl, and Dynamics, Vol. 20, No. 1, January-February 1997, pp. 211-214. [4] Park B K, Kim J H and Kim K C 1991 Performance evaluation of an X-band RF switching radiometer IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.40 483–5. [5] Goodberlet M A and Mead J B 2006 Two-load radiometer precision and accuracy IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 44 58–66. Deepak Mishra, Alak Banik, Vaibhav Vats and T.V.S Ram	44-49
8.	Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone Nano Composite for Bone Tissue Regeneration Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone Nano Composite for Bone Tissue Regeneration Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀ (PO₄)₆(OH)₂ ), the main mineral component of bone and teeth, is native to the human body. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a desirable implant material due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity properties. In this study, nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) with poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP was synthesized at room temperature condition. The synthetic nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp) prepared by wet chemical precipitation method was investigated. Hydroxyapatite is biocompatible with the human organism and is capable of integrating biologically into bone tissue. The synthesized sample were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays techniques (EDAX) and Micro hardness test. Key words: XRD, FT-IR, TEM, EDAX, MICRO HARDNESS Reference [1] R.V. Silva, J.B. Bertran, N.H. Moreira, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 34(2005) 178-184. [2] A. Stoch, W. Jastrzebski, E. Diugon, W. Lejda, B. Trybalska, G.J.Stoch, A. Adamczyk, Journal of molecular structure 744-747 (2005) 633-640. [3] T.M. Filion, Lix, Mason-Savas A, Kreider JM, Goldstein SA, Ayers DC, et al. tissue Eng pt A 2011: 17:503. [4] W. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Countney, M. Bettenga, C, Agrawal, J. Bungardner and J. Ong, Biomaterials. 2006, 27, 5512-5517. [5] Joschek, S., Nies, B., Krotz, R. & Gopfrerich, A. (2000). Chemical and physicochemical characterization of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics made of natural bone. Biomaterials, 21, 1645. A. Ragu, K. Senthilarasan, P. Sakthivel	50-54
9.	Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Agar-Agar Bio-Polymer Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Hydroxyapatite with Agar-Agar Bio-Polymer Abstract: Hydroxyapatite used for bone replacement is one of the most active areas of ceramic biomaterials research currently. It is a desirable implant material due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. Agar agar is a biological polymer frequently used in tissue engineering and pharmaceutical for potential use in bone replacement. Nano hydroxyapatite was successfully synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method . In this work nHAp/agar composite were synthesized and characterization of the compound were done by using characterization Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), X-ray diffract ration (XRD), Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectrum(EDAX). Key words: HAp, Agar, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDAX. Reference [1] H. Aoki, "Science and medical application of hydroxyl apatite", Japanese Association of apatite science, Tokoyo(1991). [2] Hadeel alobeedallah, Jeffrey L.Ellis, Ramin rohanizadeh,Hans coster and Fanba dehghani "Preparation of nanostructured Hydroxyapatite in organic solvents for Clinical applications", Trends biomater. Artif. Organs, 25(1),12-19(2011). [3] Amit kumar nayak "Hydroxyapatite synthesis methodologies: An overview", International jouranal of chemtech research coden (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 vol.2,No.2,pp 903-907. [4] M.S. Sadjadi, M.Meskinfam, H.Jazdarreh "Hydroxyapatite-Starch nano biocomposites synthesis and characterization", Int.J.Nano.Dim 1(1):57-63,Summer 2010 ISSN:2008-8868. [5] Ramakrishna S., Mayer J.,Winter E., KamM.,LeongW., Biomedical application of polymer-composite materials: a review composite science and technology.67:1189-1224. K. Senthilarasan, A. Ragu and P. Sakthivel	55-59
10.	Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power Filter. Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power Filter Abstract: This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics. Key words: Power system Harmonics, shunt active filters, power quality, non linear loads Reference [1] S. Sivanagaraju, and V.C.Veera Reddy(2011), "Design of Shunt Active Power Filter to eliminate the harmonic currents and to compensate the reactive power under distorted and or imbalanced source voltages in steady state", IJETTVol. 2 Issue 3 [2] Y. P. Obulesh and Y. KusumaLatha(2011), "Control strategy for 3phase shunt active power filter with minimum current measurements", IJECE [3] A. Chandra and B. Singh (1999), "A Review on Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement", IEEE Trans. on IET, 46,5 [4] Kamal Al-Haddad andNassar M (2000),"Modeling and Nonlinear Control of Shunt Active Power Filter in the Synchronous Reference Frame". IEEE Intl [5] Murat K. and EnginOzdhemier(2005), "An adaptive hysteresis band current controller for shunt active power filters", Electric Power Systems Research, 73, pp113–119 Shiuly Mukherjee, Nitin Saxena, A K Sharma	60-63
11.	Fvm Analysis for Thermal and Hydraulic Behaviour of Circular Finned Mpfhs by Using Ag-H₂0 Nano Fluid Fvm Analysis for Thermal and Hydraulic Behaviour of Circular Finned Mpfhs by Using Ag-H₂0 Nano Fluid Abstract: In this exploration the influence of using two types of Nano fluids (Ag-water and Al203-water) as a coolant at volumetric concentration is taken (c= 4%) in micro pin fin heat sink with circular fins in addition to the un-finned micro-channel heat sink is deliberated with the help of commercially available computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 14. The evaluation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of MPFHS and cooling fluids has been made under the similar boundary condition; at the range of Reynolds number used is (100-500). The gotten outcomes is exemplified that, Ag-water Nano fluid is gives the minimum pressure drop and slightly maximum heat transfer rate compared to Al203-water Nano fluid. And circular finned heat sink is dissipating more amount of heat compared to un-finned micro-channel heat sink. But it is also gives the maximum pressure drop due to finned area. Key words: Nano fluid, MPFHS, Heat Transfer, Pressure drop, CFD Reference [1] A.A. Alfaryjat , H.A.Mohammed, Nor Mariah Adam, M.K.A. Ariffin , M.I. Najafabadi "'Influence of geometrical parameters of hexagonal, circular, and rhombus micro channel heat sinks on the thermo hydraulic characteristics" , International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2014) 121–131. [2] Mushtaq Ismael Hasan"Investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro pin fin heat sink with nanofluid" ,Applied Thermal Engineering 63 (2014) 598-607. [3] W.H. Azmi , K.V. Sharma, P.K. Sarma, RizalmanMamat, ShahraniAnuar a,1, V. Dharma Rao; "Experimental determination of turbulent forced convection heat transfer and friction factor with SiO2 nanofluid" Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 51 (2013) 103–111 [4] PaisarnNaphon, LursukdNakharintrFarkade "Heat transfer of nanofluids in the mini-rectangular fin heat sinks" ,International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 40 (2013) 25–31 [5] H.A. Mohammed, P. Gunnasegaran, N.H. Shuaib, "The impact of various nanofluid types on triangular microchannel heat sink cooling performance" Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 38 (2011) 767-773 Kuber Dwivedi, Rupesh Kumar Malviya, Roopesh Sinha	64-68
12.	Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Materials Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Materials Abstract: Chassis is the foremost component of an automobile that acts as the frame to support the vehicle body. Hence the frame ought to be very rigid and robust enough to resist shocks vibrations and stresses acting on a moving vehicle. Steel in its numerous forms is commonly used material for producing chassis and overtime alumimium has acquired its use. However, in this study traditional materials are replaced with ultra light weight carbon fiber materials. High strength and low weight of carbon fibers makes it ideal for manufacturing automotive chassis. This paper depicts the modal and static structural analysis of TATA 407 fire truck chassis frame for steel as well as carbon fibers. From the analyzed results, stress, strain and total deformation values were compared for both the materials. Since it is easy to analyze structural systems by finite element method, the chassis is modified using PRO-E and the Finite Element Analysis is performed on ANSYS workbench. Key words: ANSYS, FEA, Ladder frame, Modal analysis, Structural analysis Reference [1] Chandra M. R., Sreenivasulu S., Hussain S. A., Modeling and Structural Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis Made of Polymeric Composite Material by Three Different Cross Sections, International Journal of Modern Engineering. Research, Volume 2, Issue.4, July-Aug. 2012, ISSN: 2249-6645. [2] Juvvi Siva Nagaraju, U. Hari Babu, Design And Structural Analysis Of Heavy Vehicle Chasis Frame Made Of Composite Material By Varying Reinforcement Angles Of Layers, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2, January March 2012, ISSN: 2249-8974 [3] Tulasiram N., Charyulu T. N., Design and Analysis of Vehicle Chassis Frame, Indian Streams Research Journal, Volume 2, Issue 7, August 2012, ISSN: 2230-7850. [4] Seshu P., Textbook of Finite Element Analysis (PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., May 2009, ISBN: 97881-203-23155). [5] Patel T. M., Dr. Bhatt M. G. and Patel H. K., Analysis and Validation of Eicher 11.10 Chassis Frame using ANSYS, International Journal Of Emerging Trends And Technology in Comp. Science (IJETTCS), Volume 2, Issue 2, March – April 2013, ISSN 2278-6856. Salvi Gauri Sanjay, Kulkarni Abhijeet, Gandhi Pratik Pradeep, Baskar P.	69-74
13.	Virulence Phenotype, Physicochemical Properties and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Polyethylene Used In Drinking Water Distribution Systems Virulence Phenotype, Physicochemical Properties and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Polyethylene Used In Drinking Water Distribution Systems Abstract: Potable water piping has been demonstrated to serve as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this report, we describe the characterization of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from water intended for human consumption by the presence of virulence factors. These strains expressed their suitability for adhesion and the formation of biofilms on polyethylene (PE). Also In this work, we were able to elucidate the factors intervening in adhesion and biofilm formation by showing the role of the substrate, the environment and bacteria. Strong correlation was observed between physicochemical properties especially the electron donor property and the surface percentage covered by cells. These results indicate that this property plays a crucial role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence on the PE surface. In addition, if no relationship was found between the adhesion results and hydrophobicity, it means that this property was not involved in the adhesion process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the PE surface. Key words: Biofilm, Physicochemical properties, Potable water piping, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Virulence phenotype. Reference [1] U. Szewzyk, R. Szewzyk, W. Manz, and K. H. Schleifer, Microbiological safety of drinking water, Ann Rev Microbiol., 54, 2000, 81–127. [2] Who-Library, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, In: Cataloguing-Publication Data, 3rd edn. Who, 2004, Geneva. [3] B. Kilb, B. Lange, G. Schaule, H. C. Flemming and J. Wingender, Contamination of drinking water by coliforms from biofilms grown on rubber-coated valves, Int J Hyg Environ Health, 206, 2003, 563–573. [4] P. Servais, P. Laurent and G. Randon, Comparison of the bacterial dynamics in various French distribution systems, J. Water SRT –Aqua., 44, 1995, 10-17. [5] J. Wingender and H.C. Flemming, Contamination potential of drinking water distribution network biofilms, Water Sci. Technol., 49(11–12), 2004, vol., pp. 277-286. Ghazlane Zineb, Latrache Hassan, Mabrouki Mostafa, Houari Abdellah, K. Ibnsouda Saad, Timinouni Mohammed, Elmdaghri Naima, Mliji El Mostafa	75-85
14.	Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used In Hemodialysis against both Staphylococcus Warneri and Staphylococcus Sciuri Biofilms Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used In Hemodialysis against both Staphylococcus Warneri and Staphylococcus Sciuri Biofilms Abstract: Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and included in an extracellular matrix making it resistant to exogenous deleterious agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm effect of five commercials disinfectants having different active principles (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol) on four Staphylococcus strains isolated from hemodialysis unit surfaces. The disinfectants anti-adhesive effect was estimated to an exceeding rate 70% for the various studied dilutions and 90% towards the pure products. Whereas the anti-biofilm effect showed an elimination rate varying between 10 % and 95 % according to the following parameters: active principle, time of contact, concentration and bacterial strain. Our study demonstrated that all tested products have an interesting anti-adhesive effect and that the peroxide of hydrogen is endowed with important anti-biofilm efficiency, followed by the alcoholic products and the sodium hypochlorite. Key words: anti-adhesive effect, anti-biofilm effect, disinfectants, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sciuri Reference [1] J.J. Engeman, J.Y. Friedman, S.D. Reed et al. Clinical outcomes and costs due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, Infection control and Hospital Epidemiology, 26, 2005, 534-539. [2] S. Rouillon, S. Ourdanabia, S. Jamart, C. Hernandez and O. Meunier, Susceptibility of the hospital environmental bacterial strains to a detergent and disinfectant product for surfaces, Pathologie-biologie, 54(6), 2006, 325-30. [3] I. P. Molobela, T. Eugene Cloete and Mervyn Beukes, Protease and amylase enzymes for biofilm removal and degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(14), 2010, 1515-1524. [4] C. Campanac, L. Pineau, A. Payard, G. Baziard-Mouysset and C. Roques, Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 46(5), 2002, 1469-1474 [5] NCCLS, National committee for clinical Laboratory Standards. Method for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically 7 th (Ed.), Approved standard, (Wayne, PA. 2006) M7-A7. Ghazlane Zineb, Mliji El Mostafa,Ghanmi Youssef, Kerouani Abdellatif, Oufrid Salwa, Houari Abdellah, K. Ibnsouda Saad, Elmdaghri Naima, Timinouni Mohammed	86-92
15.	Study of Microstructure Degradation of Boiler Tubes Due To Creep for Remaining Life Analysis Study of Microstructure Degradation of Boiler Tubes Due To Creep for Remaining Life Analysis Abstract: In the current scenario of power shortage in India, the main objective is to ensure availability of power plant and increasing its reliability. During assessment ,testing and inspection a simple question has to be asked again and again‖ How long the particular power plants can be operated safely and cost-effectively with satisfying increased requirements and operational availability with reduced pollutant emissions, even after their designed life. So to answer this important question regarding the operational capability of the existing plant the remaining life analysis (RLA) has to be done. The condition of the plant equipments can be assessed only by way of a RLA methodology. On the basis of RLA proper decision can be made about the plants safety and availability. There are many methods to carry out the RLA of the critical components out of which ―microstructure study‖ is a method. In this paper we have tried to outline the RLA procedures and review the various damage mechanisms based on microstructure study. It is also presents the microstructure changes and properties of 106720 service hour exposed boiler tube in a 120 MW boiler of a thermal power plant. Key words: service exposed boiler tubes, microstructure, remaining life analysis, creep. Reference [1] R Viswanathan and R.B. Dooley, Creep Life Assessment Techniques for Fossil Power Plant Boiler Pressure Parts, International Conference on Creep. JSME, 1. Mech. E., ASME, and ASTM, Tokyo, Apr 14-18, 1986, 349-359. [2] R. Viswanathan, J.R. Foulds, and D.A. Roberts, Methods for Estimating the Temperature of Reheater and Superheater Tubes in Fossil Boilers, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Life Extension and Assessment, The Hague, June 1988. [3] L.H. Toft and R.A. Mardsen, The Structure and Properties of 1% Cr-0.5%Mo Steel After Service in CEGB Power Stations, in Conference on Structural Processes in Creep, JISI/JIM, London, (1963), 275. [4] R. Coade, Temperature Determination Based on Microstructural Changes Occurring in 1% Cr-0.5% Mo Steel, Report No.SO/85/87,State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia, Feb 1885. [5] I.M. Rehn and W. Apblett, Corrosion Problems in Coal Fired Fossil Boiler Superheater and Reheater Tubes, Report CS 181 lm Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, (1981). Kavita Sankhala, Zeeshan Gauri, Pradeep Sharma, Dharmendra Kumar Jain	93-99
16.	Generalized Carleson Operator and Convergence of Walsh Type Wavelet Packet Expansions Generalized Carleson Operator and Convergence of Walsh Type Wavelet Packet Expansions Abstract: In this paper, two new theorems on generalized Carleson Operator for a Walsh type wavelet packet system and for periodic Walsh type wavelet packet expansion of a function feL^p 0,1 , 1<𝑝<∞, have been established. Mathematics Subject Classification: 40A30, 42C15 Key words: Walsh function, Walsh- type wavelet Packets, periodic Walsh- type wavelet packets, Ces𝑎 ro's means of order 1 for single infinite series and for double infinite series, generalized Carleson operator for Walsh type and for periodic Walsh type wavelet packets. Reference [1] Billard, P., Sur la convergence Presque partout des series de Fourier-Walshdes fontions de l'espace 𝐿²(0,1), Studia Math, 28:363-388, 1967. [2] Bromwich, T. J .I 'A., An introduction to the theory of infinite Series, The University press, Macmillan and Co; Limited, London, 1908. [3] Carleson, L. , "On convergence and growth of partial sums of Fourier series" , Acta Mathematica 116(1): 135157, (1966). [4] Golubov , B., Efimov, A. And Skvortson, V., Walsh Series and Transforms, Dordrcct: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group ,Theory and application, Translated Form the 1987 Russian Original by W.R.. Wade, 1991. [5] Hardy, G. H., Divergent Series, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1949. Shyam Lal and Susheel Kumar	100-108
17.	Design, Development and Testing of an Areca nut Dehusking Agri-machine Design, Development and Testing of an Areca nut Dehusking Agri-machine Abstract: Areca nut has to be processed in dry condition by peeling the outer shell completely. Peeling of Areca nut is very difficult by hand. However it is being done manually by using a sharp knife with a production rate of 3kg/hr. So it is essential to develop an agri-machine which will increase the production rate and safety to labourers. Presently there are few machines available but these machines are not suitable for variety of sizes of Areca nut which leads into the insufficient removal of outer shell of Areca nut. Therefore there is enough scope to develop a agri-machine suitable for variety of sizes of Areca nut which will overcome these problems. The present reserch work emphasizes on developing an Areca nut Dehusking agri-machine for three different sizes of Areca nut. The concept is to shear-off the husk of the dry Areca nut by shearing force. The features a Dehusking mechanism, and a power drive. The experiments were conducted by changing the blades, and selecting the best method. The first experiment were conducted by mounting set of two cutters separated by spacers for each size of Areca nut, then the set of two cutters were replaced by single cutters and the results of both the experiments were compared and concluded that the single cutters were more efficient than the set of two cutters in Dehusking the Areca nut. Key words: Arecanut, Peeling, Dehusking, Agri-machine, cutters. Reference [1] R Gunaseelan, Sankaralingam Shanthi, Ramesh Sowmya, Manjula Datta, 2007 Areca nut use among rural residents of Sriperambudur Taluk: A qualitative study, Indian Journal of Dental Research, Volume : 18 Issue : 1 Page : 11-14. [2] Development of e-courses for B.Sc (Agriculture) by NAIP. [3] Jaysekhars, June 2013, Arecanut and Cocoa Production and Marketing Aspects. [4] Balasubramanian M; Panwar J S (1986). Mechanical properties of arecanut (Areca catechu linn) as related to dehusking. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (ISAE), 23(1), 82–88. [5] Baboo B (1981). A device for dehusking arecanut. Journal ofAgricultural Engineering (ISAE), 19(1), 63–65. Kiran K, Arun Kumar Govin, Manjunath Bandi, Shivasharanayya	109-115
18.	Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water Using Sawdust Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water Using Sawdust Abstract: In this study, the adsorption behaviour of sawdust has been studied in order to consider its application for fluoride removal. The batch adsorption method was employed: Laboratory investigation of the potential of sawdust to remove fluoride from aqueous solution has been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as pH (3-11), adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.5 g/l),particle size(90μm to 300μm), contact time(30-150 min) and initial concentration(5 to 30mg/l) were investigated . The equilibrium data have been analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models, the experimental data were better fitted to the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetics also investigated by the pseudo-first-order , pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich model . The deflouridation process followed pseudo second order model. Key words: adsorption, deflouridation, isotherms Reference [1] E.J. Underwood, Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, Academic Press, New York, 1997, p. 545. [2] Jamode, A.V., 2005, Evaluation of performance and kinetic parameters for defluoridation using Azadiraktha indica (Neem) leaves as lowcost adsorbents. Pollution research, 23 (2), 239- 250. [3] Shivakumar,M., Rama murthy, M.V., 1977, Quality of well water in madhrai. Ind.J.health, 19(3), 199 – 209. [4] Guptha, S.C., Doshi, C.S., and Paliwal, B.L. 1986, Occurance and chemistry of high fluoride ground water in Jalore district of western Rajasthan. Annals Arid Zone. 25(4), 255-265. [5] Shukla nandita, J.K., Moitra and Trivedi, R.C. 1995, Fluoride level in exfoliated human teeth from 2 contrast environmental regions in India. Indian J.Env.Prot., 15(12), 903-905 Suman Mann, Dr Anubha Mandal	116-123
19.	Advanced Design of Composite Steel-Concrete Structural element Advanced Design of Composite Steel-Concrete Structural element Abstract: Composite framing system consisting of steel beams acting interactively with metal deck-concrete slab and concrete encased composite columns, has been as a viable alternative to the conventional steel or reinforced concrete system in the high-rise construction. However, in Indian context, it is comparatively new and no appropriate design codes are available for the same. Complications in the analysis and design of composite structures have led numerous researchers to develop simplified methods so as to eliminate a number of large scale tests needed for the design. In the present work, a simplified method of composite slabs, beams and columns design is used and software is developed with pre- and post- processing facilities in VB.NET. All principal design checks are incorporated in the software. The full and partial shear connection and the requirement for transverse reinforcement are also considered. To facilitate direct selection of steel section, a database is prepared and is available at the back end with the properties of all standard steel sections. Screen shots are included in the paper to illustrate the method employed for selecting the appropriate section and shear connectors and thus to verify the design adequacy. Reference [1.] Eurocode 4 (2004), "General rules for buildings design of composite steel and concrete structure", Committee Members of the European Union. [2.] IS: 456 (2000), "Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [3.] IS: 11384 (1985), "Code of practice for composite construction in structural steel and concrete", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [4.] Johnson R. P. (2004), "Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete", Vol. 1, Blackwell Scientific Publications, U.K. [5.] Narayanan, R. and Kalyanaraman, V. (2001), "Teaching resource of structural steel design", Vol. 2, Institute for Steel Development and Growth (INSDAG), Kolkata. [6.] Nethercot D. A. (2004), "Composite Construction", Spon Press of the Taylor and Francis Group, London. Dr. D. R. Panchal	124-138
20.	Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Region Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Region Abstract: The Project is aimed at designing a wind turbine that can be able to build by Laypersons, using readily available material which is feasible & affordable to provide much needed electricity. Since most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped by large scale wind turbine and so it required creating a large scope for the development of low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have major influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This can be achieved by comparing the effectiveness of a crude blade fashioned from a different Size, Material & standard of PVC drainage pipe which are easily available in market. It can be evaluated by performing experimental analysis, data collection & its evaluation on different type & size of PVC Pipe & preparing an analytical tool for best Design. Key words: Wind Turbine, Laypersons, Wind Power Density regions, Low wind Speed Turbines, Aerodynamic profiles, crude blade. Reference [1] D.Y.C. Leung, Y. Deng, M.K.H. Leung,"Design Optimization of a Cost-Effective Micro Wind Turbine" Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Vol II WCE 2010, June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K. [2] Prof. H. S. Patil,"Experimental work on horizontal axis PVC turbine blade of power wind mill" IJME Volume 2 Issue 2 available on http://vixra.org/pdf/1208.0198v1.pdf [3] Dr. S. P. Vendan, S. Aravind Lovelin, M. Manibharathi & C. Rajkum, "Analysis of a Wind Turbine Blade Profile for Tapping Wind Power at the Regions of Low Wind Speed " IJME Volume 2 Issue 2 available on http://www.ijmejournal.com/uploads/displayVolumeIssue/ V-2-I-2-ID-1.pdf [4] http://poisson.me.dal.ca/~dp_07_1/Downloads_files/AprilReport.pdf. [5] http://windempowerment.org/wp-content/uploads/Blade-Element-Momentum-analysis-of-pvc-pipe-VS-wood-blades-on-a-100W-turbine.pdf. Vicky K Rathod, Prof.S.Y.Kamdi	139-143
21.	A Survey of String Matching Algorithms A Survey of String Matching Algorithms Abstract: The concept of string matching algorithms are playing an important role of string algorithms in finding a place where one or several strings (patterns) are found in a large body of text (e.g., data streaming, a sentence, a paragraph, a book, etc.). Its application covers a wide range, including intrusion detection Systems (IDS) in computer networks, applications in bioinformatics, detecting plagiarism, information security, pattern recognition, document matching and text mining. In this paper we present a short survey for well-known and recent updated and hybrid string matching algorithms. These algorithms can be divided into two major categories, known as exact string matching and approximate string matching. The string matching classification criteria was selected to highlight important features of matching strategies, in order to identify challenges and vulnerabilities. Key words: String matching, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), exact string matching, approximate string matching. Reference [1] Y. Hong, X. Ke, and C.Yong, "An improved Wu-Manber Multiple Patterns Matching Algorithm", in Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, IPCCC 2006. 25th IEEE International, 6 pp. – 680, 2006. [2] S. Faro, T. Lecroq, "The Exact Online String Matching Problem: a Review of the Most Recent Results", ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) Surveys Homepage archive, Volume 45 Issue 2, Article No. 13, February 2013. [3] P. Michailidis and K. Margaritis, "On-line String Matching Algorithms: Survey and Experimental Results", International Journal of Computer Mathematics, volume 76, Issue 4, 2001. [4] D. Knuth, J. Morris, and V. Pratt, "Fast pattern matching in strings", SIAM Journal on Computing, volume 6(1), 322–350. (1977). [5] R. Boyer, J. Moore, "A fast string searching algorithm", Communication of the ACM, volume 20(10), 762–772, (1977). Koloud Al-Khamaiseh, Shadi ALShagarin	144-156
22.	Personalized Web Search Using Trust Based Hubs And Authorities Personalized Web Search Using Trust Based Hubs And Authorities Abstract: In this paper method has been proposed to improve the precision of Personalized Web Search (PWS) using Trust based Hubs and Authorities(HA) where Hubs are the high quality resource pages and Authorities are the high quality content pages in the specific topic generated using Hyperlink- Induced Topic Search (HITS). The Trust is used in HITS for increasing the reliability of HITS in identifying the good hubs and authorities for effective web search and overcome the problem of topic drift found in HITS. Experimental Study was conducted on the data set of web query sessions to test the effectiveness of PWS with Trust based HA in domains Academics, Entertainment and Sport. The experimental results were compared on the basis of improvement in average precision using PWS with HA (with/without Trust). The results verified statistically show the significant improvement in precision using PWS with HA (with Trust). Key words: Information Retrieval, Search engine, Web, Information Scent, Clustering, Trust, Hubs, Authorities, HITS, Personalized Web Search. Reference [1] A.Abdul-Rahman, S. Hailes. A distributed trust model, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on New Security Paradigms, ACM New York, U.S.A, 1997, pp. 48–60. [2] A.Abdul-Rahman, S. Hailes. Supporting trust in virtual communities. In Proceedings of the 33th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE computer Society, Washington, USA, 6, 2000, pp. 6007. [3] A.Jøsang. Probabilistic Logic Under Uncertainty, In Proceedings of thirteen Australasian symposium on Theory of Computing, 65, Australian Computer Society, Australia, 2007, pp. 101-110. [4] A.Kritikopoulos, and M. Sideri. The Compass filter: Search engine result personalization using web communities. Lecture Notes Computer Science, LNAI 3169, 2005, pp. 229-240. [5] A.Micarelli, and F. Sciarrone. Anatomy and Empirical evaluation of an adaptive web-based information filtering system. Journal User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 14(2-3), 2004, pp. 159-200. Dr. Suruchi Chawla	157-170
23.	Using Tunisian Phosphate Rock and Her Converted Hydroxyapatite for Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Tunisian Phosphate Rock and Her Converted Hydroxyapatite for Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution Abstract: Natural and synthesis apatites represent a cost effective soil amendment, which can be used for in situ reduction of lead bioavailability and mobility. In our previous work, we selected Tunisian Phosphate Rock (TPR) and Hydroxyapatite (CaHAp) as promising minerals for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (DRX), Infra Red (IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize TPR and CaHAp. CaHAp was prepared from TPR and employed for the removal of Pb²⁺ ions at different concentrations from aqueous solution to determine the adsorption properties of CaHAp and compare them with those of a TPR. The kinetic data obtained indicated that the adsorption performances of the adsorbents depended both on their specific surface area and crystallinity. Complexation of lead ion on the adsorbent surface favoured the dissolution of hydroxyapatites characterized by a Ca/Pb molar ratio of 1.69. The maximum adsorption capacity of CaHAp for Pb²⁺ ions at 25 °C was 1.806 mmol /g relative to 1.035 mmol /g for TPR at the same temperature. The higher capacity of CaHAp was explained in terms of its porosity and crystallinity. The Pb²⁺ ions sorption results could be modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The simulations of adsorption isotherms of Pb²⁺ on CaHAp allow us to conclude that there is a good correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir model. On TPR, we show a good correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir and Freundlich model. Index Term: Tunisian Phosphate Rock, Hydroxyapatite, lead, sorption kinetics, Freundlich, Langmuir. Reference [1] A. Aklil, M. Mouflih, S. Sebti, Removal of heavy metal ions from water by using calcined phosphate as a new adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater, 112, 2004, 183-190. [2] M. Mouflih, A. Aklil, S. Sebti, Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by activated phosphate, J. Hazard. Mater, 119, 2005, 183-188. [3] M. Machida, R. Yamazaki, M. Aikawa, H. Tatsumoto, Role of minerals in carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution, Sep. Purif. Technol, 46, 2005, 88-94. [4] K.S. Hui, C.Y.H. Chao, S.C. Kot, Removal of mixed heavy metal ions in wastewater by zeolite 4A and residual products from recycled coal fly ash, J. Hazard. Mater, 127, 2005, 89-101. [5] Y. Bulut, Z. Baysal, Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater using wheat bran, J. Environ. Manage, 78, 2006, 107-113. Hassen Bachoua, Habib Nasri, Mongi Debbabi, Béchir Badraoui	171-178
24.	Application of Taguchi Method to Study the Effect of Saw Parameters on Nickel Element Transfer Application of Taguchi Method to Study the Effect of Saw Parameters on Nickel Element Transfer Abstract: Submerged arc welding is most widely used in industries and research organizations. In this work the effect of of various parameters on Nickel element transfer was studied. L9 Orthogonal array was used & three factors Welding Current, Arc Voltage, Welding Speed were taken. Test material was AISI SS 304 plates. It is concluded that welding current is the most significant factor for the transfer of Nickel element to the weld metal. It is also concluded that with an increase in the value of arc voltage & welding speed Nickel element shows a decreasing trend Key words: Submerged arc welding, Nickel, taguchi, design of experiment, S/N ratio. Reference [1] Parmar, R.S., "Welding Processes and Technology", Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1992. [2] Mohit Sharma, Deepak Gupta and Karun, "Submerged Arc Welding : A Review, International Journal of Current Engg and Technol. Vol. 4, No. 3, 2014. [3] ASM International, Weld Integrity and Performance, S. Lampman Tech. Ed. 1997. [4] L.-E. Svensson: Control of microstructure and properties in steel arc welds,CRC Press, Inc. 1994 [5] Pandey N D, Bharti A and Gupta S R, "Effect of submerged arc welding parameters and fluxes on element transfer behaviour and weld-metal chemistry. J. Materials Processing Technol. 40(1–2): 195–211, 1994 Mohit Sharma, Karun	179-182
25.	Facilitation of Human Resource Information Systems on Performance of Public Sector in Jordan Facilitation of Human Resource Information Systems on Performance of Public Sector in Jordan Abstract: The aim of this study is to provide an introductory presentation of the concept of human recourse information system in theoretical framework and to identify the degree of satisfaction of uses Human resource information systems in Jordan. A questionnaire was justified and developed by the researcher to measure the performance of employees based on previous studies was applied to (95) employees at public sector in Jordan. The study was using SPSS to analyses data. The results indicate that employees at public sector in Jordan there were a statistically significant relationship between the planning, recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and incentives, and career planning and performance of employees. However the sample reported a significant in the seven hypotheses and accepted but the hypotheses (Ha1, Ha2 and Hb1) is rejected. The study have recommendations should gives more attention to focus on. Key words: human recourse information system; public sector; performance; satisfaction of uses human recourse information system. Reference [1] Altaany (2013). "Impact of Management Information Systems to Improve Performance in Municipalities in North of Jordan". Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research. VOL 5, NO 6. ijcrb.webs.com [2] Anil C. Bhavsar (2011), "A Conceptual Paper on Human Resource Information System (HRIS)", Golden Resrach Thoughts, Vol.1 IssueV, pp 1-4. [3] Beadles, N. A., Lowery, C. M., & Johns, K. (2005). The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector, Communication of the IIMA, 5(4), pp. 39–46. [4] Beckers, A.M. and Bsat, M.Z. (2002), "A DSS classification model for research in human resource information systems", Information Systems Management, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 41-50. [5] Haag, S., & Cummings, M. (2008). Management information systems for the information age. New York, USA: McGraw Hill. Fawzi Hasan Altaany	183-190
26.	Analysis Approach to Improve Star Rating Of Water Heater Analysis Approach to Improve Star Rating Of Water Heater Abstract: Electric Water Heaters are widely used all over the world that can be categorized in two types i.e. Instant Water Heaters & Storage type Water Heaters. The energy consumption for 6 liter water heaters is much higher in the storage type of water heater. As energy is an important factor for economic development of country, therefore there is need to save the energy which implies the focus to use Storage type Water Heaters. In 6 Liter water heater, Existing model converting from 4 star rating to 5 star rating by thermal analysis & insulation. After the theoretical calculation of thickness of glass wool is the practical testing of product with BEE norms & got results for 5 Star Calculation. Finally we are doing the thermal analysis for theoretical & practical verification of the product. Key words: Energy Saving, Standing Loss, 5 Star Rating, Thermal Insulations, Thermal Analysis Reference [1] R Donald. Wulfinghoff "Energy Efficiency Manual Energy Institute Press" [2] 1999 ISBN 09657926-7-6 pages 458-460 "Domestic Water Heating Design Manual (2nd Edition), American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE), 2003, ISBN 978-1-891255-18-2 page 13-14" [3] White Paper, "Electrical Energy Storage", dec2011, ICE Published [4] Mtthieu Orphelin, Paul Waide, Herbert Lechner, JérômeAdnot, Cornelia Kawann, Manfred Sakulin, "Improving the Efficiency of Domestic Electric Water Heaters", Panel 2 - ID 46 - p1 [5] A.H.Fanny, B. P. Dougherty, "The Thermal Performance of Residential Electric Water heaters Subjected to Various peak-off", 80/Vol.118, May1996 Sujata Dabhade, Prof B.R. Kharade	191-195
27.	Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structural Coupled FEA Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structural Coupled FEA Abstract: A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined. Key words: FEA;Modal FEA; Non-Linear, Dish Reactor. Reference [1.] J.Y. Zheng, P. Xu, C. Chen "Investigation on bursting pressure of flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 75 (1998) 581–587. [2.] T. Aseer Brabin, T. Christopher, B. Nageswara Rao,*"Finite element analysis of cylindrical pressure vessels having a misalignment in a circumferential joint" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 87 (2010) 197-201. [3.] H. Darijani , M.H. Kargarnovin , R. Naghdabadi "Design of thick-walled cylindrical vessels under internal pressure based on elasto-plastic approach" Materials and Design 30 (2009) 3537–3544. [4.] Jaroslav Mackerle "Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976-1996)" Int. J. Press-. Vess. & Piping 69 (1996) 279-339 [5.] Z. Sanal "Nonlinear analysis of pressure vessels: some examples" International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 77 (2000)705-709. Yogesh V. Kadam,S.C.Shilwant, Vinaay Patil	196-200
28.	Web Page Recommendation Using Web Mining Web Page Recommendation Using Web Mining Abstract: On World Wide Web various kind of content are generated in huge amount, so to give relevant result to user web recommendation become important part of web application. On web different kind of web recommendation are made available to user every day that includes Image, Video, Audio, query suggestion and web page. In this paper we are aiming at providing framework for web page recommendation. 1) First we describe the basics of web mining, types of web mining. 2) Details of each web mining technique.3)We propose the architecture for the personalized web page recommendation. Key words: Web mining, web recommendation, web personalization, and User sequence data. Reference [1] B. Liu, B. Mobasher, and O. Nasraoui, "Web Usage Mining," in Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and UsageData, B. Liu, Ed.: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp.527-603. [2] B. Mobasher, "Data Mining for Web Personalization," in TheAdaptive Web. vol. 4321, P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa, and W. Nejdl,Eds.: Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 90-135. [3] G. Stumme, A. Hotho, and B. Berendt, "Usage Mining for and on the Semantic Web," AAAI/MIT Press, 2004, pp. 461-480. [4] H. Dai and B. Mobasher, "Integrating Semantic Knowledge with Web Usage Mining for Personalization," in Web Mining:Applications and Techniques, A. Scime, Ed. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2005, pp. 276 - 306. [5] S. A. Rios and J. D. Velasquez, "SemanticWeb Usage Mining by a Concept-Based Approach for Off-line Web Site Enhancements," in Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2008. WI-IAT '08. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on, 2008, pp. 234-241. Modraj Bhavsar, Mrs. P. M. Chavan	201-206
29.	ALU Using Area Optimized Vedic Multiplier ALU Using Area Optimized Vedic Multiplier Abstract: The load on general processor is increasing. For Fast Operations it is an extreme importance in Arithmetic Unit. The performance of Arithmetic Unit depends greatly on it multipliers. So, researchers are continuous searching for new approaches and hardware to implement arithmetic operation in huge efficient way in the terms of speed and area. Vedic Mathematics is the old system of mathematics which has a different technique of calculations based on total 16 Sutras. Proposed work has discussion of the quality of Urdhva Triyakbhyam Vedic approach for multiplication which uses different way than actual process of multiplication itself. It allows parallel generation of elements of products also eliminates undesired multiplication steps with zeros and mapped to higher level of bit using Karatsuba technique with processors, the compatibility to various data types. It is been observed that lot of delay is required by the conventional adders which are needed to have the partial products so in the work it is further optimized the Vedic multiplier type Urdhva Triyakbhyam by replacing the traditional adder with Carry save Adder to have more Delay Optimization. The proposed work shows improvement of speed as compare with the traditional designs. After the proposal discussion of the Vedic multiplier in the paper, It is been used for the implementation of Arithmetic unit using proposed efficient Vedic Multiplier it is not only useful for the improve efficiency the arithmetic module of ALU but also it is useful in the area of digital signal processing. The RTL entry of proposed Arithmetic unit done in VHDL it is synthesized and simulated with Xilinx ISE EDA tool. At the last the proposed Arithmetic Unit is validated on a FPGA device Vertex-IV. Key words: Urdhva Triyakbhyam Sutra, Vedic mathematics, Carry Save Adder, VHDL Reference [1] "Lifting Scheme Discrete Wavelet Transform Using Vertical and Crosswise Multipliers", Anthony O‟Brien and Richard Conway, ISSC, June 18-19, 2008, Galway, [2] "Application of Urdhva Sutra", A.P. Nicholas, K.R Williams, J. Pickles, Spiritual Study Group, Roorkee (India), 1984. [3] "VLSI Based High Speed Karatsuba Multiplier for Cryptographic Applications Using Vedic Mathematics", Mrs. M. Ramalatha, Prof. D. Sridharan, 2007, IJSCI. [4] "High Speed Efficient N x N Bit Parallel Hierarchical Overlay Multiplier Architecture Based on Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics", Thapliyal H. and Srinivas M.B., 2004, Vol.2, Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology,. [5] Vedic Mathematics, Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthatji Maharaja, Motilal Banarsidass Publication, 1992. Anshul Khare, Dr. V N Yadav, Vandana Shikarwar	207-210