Peer Reviewed Journal

Messaging and Voice Conferencing through Wi-Fi Network

Abstract: The use of Wi-Fi enabled android phones as IP phones, and their communication within a local wireless LAN is discussed in this paper. This proposed model is a form of telecommunication that allows exchange of data and voice via Wi-Fi network. The phones, which are Wi-Fi enabled and have android operating system, can be used to communicate with each other through the Wi-Fi communication channel. Proposed system incorporates messaging (Text and voice), conferencing (group conversation) and file sharing services through the Wi-Fi network. When users enters the Wi-Fi network, proposed system displays the list of other users they are having this system on their mobile in that network. Using the system services, user can communicate with other user by exchanging packets to IP address of destination user, with the condition that both communicating person should be in same Wi-Fi network. The proposed system allows communication through Wi-Fi which requires neither any internet connectivity nor any service from the service providers. In this paper, the proposed system shall eliminate the usage of service providers for short-distance calls and decreases the cost that gets accrued in the consumer's monthly bill. This system allows free conferencing, file sharing and messaging services within the Wi-Fi network that will greatly reduce the communication cost in large organizations.

Key words: Messaging, File sharing, Conferencing, Wi-Fi, Android, IP address

Reference
[1] Intranet Based Messaging Service on Android Smart phones and Tablets International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013).
[2] Voice Calls between Wireless (Android) Phones and a Cooperative Application for Sending Sms over Wi-Fi Networks By Mr. Sandip Rane, Miss. Jaya Suradkar, Volume 12 Issue 4 Version 1.0 February 2012
[3] Review through web http://www.devloper. android.com: Android Training Tutorials.
[4] Review through web http://www.javaforea ch.com: Interactive platform for Java Developers.

Energy Audit as a Tool for Improving System Efficiency in Industrial Sector

Abstract: This paper presents the characteristics of energy consumption in industrial sector, the methodology and results of energy audits (EA) performed in industrial sites and potentials for energy efficiency (EE) improvements. The present state of industrial energy in India could be characterized by significant technological out-of–date, low energy efficiency and low level of environmental protection. Presented analysis of the results of conducted energy audits in selected industrial companies in previous period has shown the significant potentials for energy efficiency improvements in industrial sector (upgrading or replacement of equipment in the industrial energy sources and processes, introduction of energy management, improvement of steam supply and condensate return systems, the waste heat utilization, introduction of energy efficiency technology, improvement of energy efficiency in electrical equipment, usage of waste materials etc).

Key words: Energy Audit; Industrial sector; Energy Efficiency.

Reference
[1] "Working manual on energy auditing in Industries", Asian Productivity organization, 2008.
[2] "How to conduct an energy audit: A short guide for local Governments and communities" prepared by New Jersey Department of Environmental protection.
[3] "Energy Audit: A case study to reduce lighting cost", Innovative Journal.
[4] "Hand book of energy audits", by Albert Thumann, William J.Younger.
[5] "Energy audit of a 400/220 Kv substation- a case study", Sunil.M.Jaralikar and Mangalpady Aruna.

Durability and Strength Properties on High Performance Self Compacting Concrete with GGBS and Silica Fumes

Abstract: This study on the experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength, and durability aspects like rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT) of high performance self-compacting concrete with different mineral admixtures . Initials tests like slump test, L-box test, U-box test and T50 test will be carried out. The methodology adopted here is Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) which is replaced partially by cement at 10%, 20% and 30% and silica fumes(SF) by 3%, 6%, 9% in combination with Portland cement and the performance is measured and compared. The influence of mineral admixtures on the workability, mechanical strength and durability aspects of self-compacting concrete are studied. The mix proportion is obtained as per the guidelines given by European Federation of producers and contractors of special products for structure.

Key words: Self-compacting concrete, Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS), Silica fumes(SF), Workability.

Reference
[1] D .Bonen, SP. Shah, Fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete, Concrete construction. ProgStructEngMate,(2005), vol 7, p. 14–26 .
[2] EFNARC , Specifications and guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete,(2001).
[3] G .Habert , N. Roussel, Study of two concretemix-design strategies to reach carbon mitigation objectives, Cement Concrete Composite,(2009) , vol 31 , p. 397–402..
[4] JJ .Brooks,MAM .Johari,M.Mazloom.Effect of admixtures On the setting times of high strength concrete, Cement Concrete Composite (2000), vol22,pg.293-301.
[5] JM. Khatib ,Performance of self-compacting concrete containing GGBS , Construct Build Material, (2008) ,vol 22 . p. 1963–1971.

Novel Genetic Algorithm Based Solutions for Optimal Power Flow under Contingency Conditions

Abstract: Power system throughout the world is undergoing tremendous changes and developments due to rapid Restructuring, Deregulation and Open-access policies. Greater liberalization, larger market and increasing dependency on the electricity lead to the system operators to work on limited spinning reserve and to operate on vicinities to maximize the economy compromising on the reliability and security of the system for greater profits, which lead to establishment of a monitoring authority and accurate electronic system to prevent any untoward incidents like Blackouts. In any power system, unexpected outages of lines or transformers occur due to faults or other disturbances. These events may cause significant overloading of transmission lines or transformers, which in turn may lead to a viability crisis of the power system. The main role of power system control is to maintain a secure system state, i.e., to prevent the power system, moving from secure state into emergency state over the widest range of operating conditions. Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) is major tool used to improve the security of the system. In this work, Genetic algorithm has been used to solve the OPF and SCOPF problems. As initial effort conventional GA (binary coded) based OPF and SCOPF is going to be attempted. The difficulties of binary coded GA in handling continuous search space lead to the evolution of real coded GA‟s. Solutions obtained using both the algorithms are compared. Case studies are made on the IEEE30 bus test system to demonstrate the ability of real coded GA in solving the OPF and SCOPF problems.

Key words: Optimal Power Flow(OPF), Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow(SCOPF), Genetic Algorithm(GA).

Reference
[1] O.Alsac,and B. Scott, "Optimal load flow with steady state security", IEEE Transaction PAS -1973, pp. 745-751. May 1973.
[2] R.Narmatha Banu, D.Devaraj "Enhanced Genetic Algorithm Approach for Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Including FACTS Devices", International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 552-557, 2009
[3] P.Somasundaram ,K.Kuppusamy , and Kumudini Devi, "Evolutionary programming based security constrained optimal power flow", Electric Power System Research 72, Elsevier pp. 137-145 ,2004
[4] H. W. Dommel and W. F. Tinney, "Optimal Power Flow Solutions", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. pp. 1866-1876, Oct. 1968.
[5] Anastasios G. Bakirtzis, Pandel N. Biskas, Christoforos E. Zoumas and Vasilios Petridis, "Optimal Power Flow by Enhanced Genetic Algorithm" IEEE transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 229-236, May 2002.

Finite Element Based Stress Analysis of Seat Belt Using Integrated Force Method

Abstract: Integrated force method (IFM) has been developed for solving various continuum mechanics problems, where all the internal forces are taken as independent variables. The system equilibrium equations (EE's) are mathematically concatenated with the MATLAB based compatibility conditions (CC's) to form the global set of equations. This paper explains the solution strategy of prototype seat-belt component using integrated force method. Actual seat belt component is taken here to verify IFM based FE element are readily used which is named as REC_5F_8D and REC_13F_16D where 5F and 13F reflects number of internal unknowns and 8D and 16D are number of total displacements respectively. The results for "Von Mises Stress" and Maximum Displacement using IFM based formulation and compared with ANSYS.

Key words: IFM, Seatbelt Component, REC_5F_8D, REC_13F_16D, ANSYS

Reference
[1] S. N. Patnaik, D. A. Hopkins and Halford, Integrated force method solution to indeterminate structural mechanics problems, NASA/TP—2004-207430
[2] I. Kaljevic, S. N. Patnaik and D. A. Hopkins, Development of finite elements for two-dimensional structural analysis using the integrated force method, Computers & Structures, Vol. 59, No.4, pp.691-706, 1996
[3] S. N. Patnaik and M. S. Nagraj, Analysis of continuum by the integrated force method, Computers & Structures, Vol. 26, No.6, pp.899-905, 1987
[4] S. N. Patnaik, R. M. Cornoneous and D. A. Hopkins, Recent Advances in the method of forces: integrated force method of structural analysis, Advances in engineering Software, Vol. 29, No. 3-6, pp. 463-474, 1998
[5] S. N. Patnaik and K. T. Joseph, Generation of the compatibility matrix in the integrated force method, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 55, (1986)

Integration of JAM and JADE Architecture in Distributed Data Mining System

Abstract: Data mining systems is used to discover patterns and extract useful information from facts recorded in databases. Knowledge can be acquired from database by using machine learning algorithm which compute descriptive representations of the data as well as patterns that may be exhibited in the data. Most of the current generation of learning algorithms, however, are computationally complex and require all data to be resident in main memory which is clearly untenable for many realistic problems and databases. The main focus of this work is on the management of machine learning programs with the capacity to travel between computer sites to mine the local data. This paper describes the system architecture of JAM (Java Agents for Meta-learning), a distributed data mining system that scales up to large and physically separated data sets. In a single repository data base where data is stored in central site, then applying data mining algorithms on these data base, patterns are extracted, which is clearly implausible and untenable for many realistic problems and databases. To deal with these complex systems has revealed opportunities to improve distributed data mining systems in a number of ways.This paper describes the system architecture of JAM (Java Agents for Meta-learning), a distributed data mining system that scales up to large and physically separated data sets JAM is an extensible agent-based distributed data mining system that supports dispatch and exchange of agents among participating data sites and meta-learning techniques to combine the multiple models that are learned. A brief description of JADE architecture is also given.

Key words: compatibility, distributed data mining, global classifier

Reference
[1] R. Grossman, S. Baily, S. Kasif, D. Mon, and A. Ramu. The preliminary design of papyrus: A system for high performance. In P. Chan H. Kargupta, editor, Work. Notes KDD-98 Workshop on Distributed Data Mining, pages 37–43. AAAI Press, 1998.
[2] Sanjay Kumar Sen, Dr Sujata Dash, Subrat P Pattanayak "AGENT BASED META LEARNING IN DISTRIBUTED DATA MINING SYSTEM". International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp. 342-348.
[3] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, P. Smyth, and R. Uthurusamy. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, California/Cambridge, Massachusetts / London, England, 1996.
[4] Kargupta H., Park B., Hershberger D., Johnson E., Collective Data Mining: A New Perspectiv Toward Distributed Data Analysis. Accepted in the Advances in Distributed Data Mining, H. Kargupta and P. Chan (eds.), AAAI/MIT Press, (1999).
[5] Zhang X., Lam C., Cheung W.K., Mining Local Data Sources For Learning Global Cluster Model Via Local Model Exchange. IEEE ntelligence Informatics Bulletin, (4) 2 (2004).

Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of AISI 1037

Abstract: The present work encompasses Effect of notches with various notch geometries and dimensions on fatigue life in steel beam made of Medium Carbon Steel AISI 1037 which has a wide application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from the experiments for smooth specimens and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the frequency of 50Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been used in this investigation like Chemical Composition analyzer type (Spectromax) , Tensile universal testing Machine type (WDW-100E ) ,Hardness Tester type (HSV- 1000) , Fatigue testing machine model Gunt/ WT140, Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to examine the fracture features . The results show that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works .

Key words: AISI 1037,Notches , Fatigue Life, S-N curve, FEA

Reference
[1] Juli A. Bannantine , Jess J. Comer, James, L. Handrok , " Fundamentals of Metal Fatigue Analysis" , prentice hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.
[2] Yung-Lilee, Jwo pan, "Fatigue Testing And Anlysis" , Elsevier printer, 2002.
[3] Ralph I. Stephens, Ali Fatemi, " Metal Fatigue In Engineering" , Second Edition , McGraw Hill, 2001.
[4] A. Fatemi, , Z. Zeng, A. Plaseied," Fatigue behavior and life predictions of notched specimens made of QT and forged microalloyed steels", International Journal of Fatigue 26 (2004) 663–672R.
[5] Guy Pluvinage and MarenglenGjonaj, "Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture ", NATO Advanced Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

CFD Analysis of Solar Air Heater

Abstract: An attempt has been made to carry out CFD based analysis using FLUENT to fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of solar air heater. 3D model of the Solar Air heater involving air inlet, absorber plate, glass, modelled by ANSYS Workbench and the unstructured grid was created in ANSYS. The results were obtained by using ANSYS FLUENT software. This work is done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool with respect to flow and temperature distribution inside the solar air heater.

Key words: Solar Energy, Solar Air Heater, Heat transfer, CFD.

Reference
[1] Dr. A. A. Pawar, Prof. P.W. Ingel, Prof. B. D. Deshmukh, Prof. K. C. Bhosale,"CFD Analysis of solar flat plate collector', Innalternational journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, volume 3, April 2013.
[2] Dr J L Bhagoria "CFD Analysis of Square ribs on the Absorber Plate of Solar Air" 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics and Mechatronics Engineering, 17, june-2013.
[3] Anil Singh Yadav, J.L.Bhagoria "A CFD Analysis of a Solar Air Heater Having Triangular Rib Roughness on the Absorber Plate" International Conference on Global Scenario in Environment and Energy, 16, march 2013.
[4] H.D.Ammari." A mathematical model of thermal performance of a solar air heater with slats", science direct, November-2002.
[5] A.A. El-Sebaii , S. Aboul-Enein , M.R.I. Ramadan , S.M. Shalaby , B.M. Moharram "Investigation of thermal performance of-double pass-flat and v-corrugated plate solar air heaters", Science direct, 28 November 2010.

Review on Analysis of EEG Signals with the Effect of Meditation

Abstract: Meditation is proving out to be one of the most universally feasible solutions to the modern day stressful conditions. Varied positive physiological, psychological and spiritual benefits are known to be achieved through meditation. Many researchers previously investigated the effect of meditation on stress relief and disease improvement. The present study deals with the effect of meditation on human brain using electroencephalographic signals (EEG). To obtain new insights into the nature of EEG during meditation, the recorded signals are to be analyzed using wavelet transform.

Key words: Daubechies, Electroencephalography, Meditation, Vipassana.

Reference
[1] Shih-Feng Wang; Yu-Hao Lee; Yung-Jong Shiah; Ming-Shing Young, "Time-Frequency Analysis of EEGs Recorded during Meditation," Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP), 2011 First International Conference on , vol., no., pp.73,76, 21-23 Nov. 2011
[2] Meditation Practices for Health: State of the Research Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 155, University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, AHRQ Publication No. 07-E010, June 2007
[3] Ahani, A.; Wahbeh, H.; Miller, M.; Nezamfar, H.; Erdogmus, D.; Oken, B., "Change in physiological signals during mindfulness meditation," Neural Engineering (NER), 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on, vol., no., pp.1378,1381, 6-8 Nov. 2013
[4] On, F.R.; Jailani, R.; Norhazman, H.; Zaini, N.M., "Binaural beat effect on brainwaves based on EEG," Signal Processing and its Applications (CSPA), 2013 IEEE 9th International Colloquium on , vol., no., pp.339,343, 8-10 March 2013
[5] D. P. Subha,; P. K. Joseph; R. Acharya; C.M.Lim, "EEG Signal Analysis: A Survey," Springer Science+Business Media, 2008

Discrimination Discovery and Prevention in Data Mining: A Survey

Abstract: Data Mining is the computation process of discovering knowledge or patterns in large data sets. But extract knowledge without violation such as privacy and non-discrimination is most difficult and challenging. This is mainly because of data mining techniques such as classification rules are actually learned by the system from the training data and training data sets itself are biased in what regards discriminatory (sensitive) attributes like gender, race, religion, etc. As a result actual discovery of discrimination situations, practices may be extremely difficult task. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief survey of the researcher's works on discrimination discovery and prevention in the field of data mining.

Key words: Discrimination Discovery, Discrimination Measure, Data Mining, Discrimination Prevention, Preprocessing Technique

Reference
[1] C. Clifton. Privacy preserving data mining: How do we mine data when we aren't allowed to see it? In Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2003), Tutorial, Washington, DC (USA), 2003.
[2] D. Pedreschi, S. Ruggieri, and F. Turini, Discrimination-aware data mining. In Y. Li, B. Liu, and S. Sarawagi, editors, Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2008), pages 560–568.ACM, 2008.
[3] D. Pedreschi, S. Ruggieri, and F. Turini, Measuring discrimination in socially-sensitive decision records, In Proc. Of the SIAM Int. Conf. on Data Mining (SDM 2009), pages 581–592. SIAM, 2009.
[4] F Kamiran, T Calders, Classifying without discriminating, Proceedings of IEEE IC4 International conference on Computer, Control and Communication. (2009a) IEEE Press.
[5] S. Ruggieri, D. Pedreschi, and F. Turini, DCUBE: Discrimination discovery in databases In A. K. Elmagarmid and D. Agrawal, editors, Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2010), pages, 1127–1130. ACM, 2010c.

Performance Analysis of STATCOM under Various Line Faults

Abstract: Reactive power control using the static compensator (STATCOM) has more advantageous due to outstanding performance of STATCOM. In transmission and distribution systems, the reactive power control is done by using the STATCOM based on voltage source converter (VSC).STATCOM can supply large amount of VAR's during system faults for voltage support. The STATCOM effects the VSC over currents and trips, during the power system faults when VAR's support is more required. In this paper, we propose and develop an "emergency PWM" strategy to prevent over-currents (and trips) in the VSC during and after single line to ground system faults, LLLG faults and to ensure that the STATCOM supplies required reactive power. System performance during a nonlinear load connected without any fault is also considered. The Simulation results are shown for a 48-pulse VSC based ± 100 MVAR STATCOM connected to a 2- bus power strategy to prevent VSC over-currents and to supply required reactive power under line to ground system faults.

Key words: Voltage Source Converter (VSC), STATCOM, Emergency Pulse-width Modulation (PWM), Single line to ground fault.

Reference
[1]. N.G. Hingorani, "Power Electronics in Electric Utilities: Role Of Power Electronics In Future Power Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 76, pp. 481, 1988.
[2]. N.G. Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, "Understanding FACTS: concepts And Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems: IEEE press, 2000.
[3]. C. Schauder et aI., "Development of A ±100 Mvar Static Condenser For Voltage Control Of Transmission Systems," IEEE, PES Summer Power Meeting, Paper No. 94 sm 479-6 pwrd, 1994.
[4]. C. Schauder et al. "TVA STATCON project: design, installation and Commissioning," CIGRE paper 14-106, 1996
[5]. N.G. Hingorani et al. "Static Condenser – Prototype Application," CIGRE Paper, New Zealand, 1993.

Experimental Evaluation of the Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Strategy Application for AI-Madar Telephone Telecommunication Network in Libya

Abstract: The great challenge of the remarkably growing demand for personal communication mobile service in Libya has actively motivated Al-Madar Telephone Telecommunication Company to adopt various techniques in order to substantially improve its network capacity. An efficient allocation strategy of communication channels that could ensure good performance of the cellular network is critically needed, given the limited spectrum currently available that uses the Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) strategy. In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to improve Al-Madar Company network by proposing the evaluation of the adoption of the Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation (LP-DDCA) strategy. The main reasons for proposing the adoption of the LP-DDCA strategy are; to minimize the call blocking probability, enhancing the network performance and increasing the number of network subscribers. This work has been done by applying actual data from an existing cellular network of Al-Madar Company in to the experimental simulation program. The results demonstrated clearly the superiority of the proposed the LP-DDCA strategy in the investigated locations (cells) compared with the currently used FCA strategy. Conclusion: Application of the LP-DDCA strategy could give rise to substantial improvement in Al-Madar telecommunication mobile network performance and it will considerably increase the number of network subscribers.

Key words: The Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation strategy, Call blocking probability, Al-Madar Company, Mobile Cellular Communication, Mobile Telecommunication Network capacity.

Reference
[1] Shao Yubin, HuangHuan LongHua YaoShaowen. Performance Analysis of The Minimum Call Blocking Probability For Dynamic Channel Allocation In Mobile Cellular Networks. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference on (Volume.1) Beijing 2000, 269 – 273.
[2] Anjlica Malla,Mona El-Kadi,Stephan Olariu and Petia Todorova, "A fair resource allocation protocol for multimedia wireless networks", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 63-71, 2003.
[3] Junyi Li, Ness B. Shroff, and Edwin K. P. Chong, "Channel carrying: A novel handoff scheme for mobile cellular networks", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.38-50, 1999.
[4] J. Yang, D. Manivannan, and M. Singhal, "A Fault-Tolerant Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme for Enhancing QoS in Cellular Networks", in Proc. of TEEE 36th Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS-36), pp. 306-315, 2003.
[5] Data from Al-Madar Company-Libya.

Electromagnetic Field Analysis of the Performance of Single-Phase Capacitor-Run Induction Motor Using Composite Rotor Conductor

Abstract: Single-phase induction motor (SPIM) has very crucial role in industrial, domestic and commercial sectors. So, the efficient SPIM is a major requirement of today's market. For efficient motors, many research methodologies and suggestions have been given by researchers in past. Various parameters like as stator/rotor slot variation, size and shape of stator/rotor slots, stator/rotor winding configuration, choice of core material etc. have significant impact on machine design. Rotor slot geometry influences the distribution of the magnetic field to a degree. Even a little difference of the magnetic field distribution can make big difference on the performance of the induction motor. The rotor slot geometry influences the skin effect and slot leakage flux in order to increase the torque and efficiency. In this paper, three types of rotor slot configurations are designed and simulated with different rotor slot configuration and rotor bars composition by changing the rotor slot configuration of base model. Aluminum and Copper are used simultaneously as rotor winding material. The rotor bar is a composite conductor which carries Aluminum as well as Copper sub-conductors running parallel in the same slot. Overall cross section area of rotor bar in each model kept same and work is carried out with difference proportion of Aluminum and Copper sub conductors. All models are investigated and simulated in FEMM and finally the simulated results are compared for optimal solution.

Key words: Single-Phase induction motor, rotor winding, rotor geometry, composite conductor, FEMM.

Reference
[1] Sobhan Sobhani, Hamid Yaghobi and Mehdi Samakoosh, Optimize Efficiency and Torque in the Single-Phase Induction Motor by Adjusting the Design Parameters, Environment and Electrical Engineering international conference (EEEIC) 2013, 237-241.
[2] C. Mademlis, I. Kioskeridis and T. Theodoulidis, Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motors- Part I: Maximum Energy Efficiency Control, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2005, 187–195.
[3] Zhou Rui, Wang Qunjing, Li Guoli, Pang Cong and Fang Guanghui, Optimal Design of Single-Phase Induction Motor Based on MAXWELL 2D Rmxprt, International conference on Electrical machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010, 1367-1370.
[4] Meeker D.: Finite Element Method Magnetics, User's manual, Version 4.2 [online at http://www.femm.info/wiki/HomePage], 25 August 2013
[5] S. Williamson and M.J. Robinson, Calculation of Cage Rotor Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters using Finite Elements, IEEE proceedings-B, Electric Power Applications, Vol. 138, No.5, September 1991, 264-276.

Influence of Plan Iregularity on Sesimic Response of Buildings

Abstract: In India various types of buildings such as ground plus 10 stories are constructed in seismic zones. The influence of plan irregularity is examined for 10 storey R.C.C. residential building with different plan configurations. To compare the responses a regular structure is also considered. For seismic analysis of building static analysis as well as dynamic analysis such as response spectrum and time history analysis has been carried out . in time history analysis 3 major Indian earthquakes are considered. The response of building in terms of member forces deflection of top joints are studied.

Key words: asymmetric building, seismic analysis, dynamic analysis, time history method

Reference
[1] Bahador Bagheri, Ehsan Salimi Firoozabad, and Mohammadreza Yahyaei "Comparative Study of the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storey Irregular Building" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 71 2012
[2] Devesh P. Soni and Bharat B. Mistry" Qualitative Review Of Seismic Response Of Vertically Irregular Building Frames" ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, Technical Note, Vol. 43, No. 4, December 2006, pp. 121-132
[3] IS: 1893 (1)-2002, "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", BIS, New Delhi.
[4] Mohammad Ali Hadianfard and Mahdieh Gadami "Seismic Demand Of Steel Structures With Mass Irregularity" Department Of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University Of Technology Journal of Engineering and Technology
[5] Poncet, L. and Tremblay, R. "Influence Of Mass Irregularity On The Seismic Design And Performance Of Multi-Storey Braced Steel Frames" 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 2896

Evaluation of the Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients in the Culture and Production ofbiosurfactants by MicroalgaSpirulina

Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients in the culture and production of biosurfactants by Spirulina platensis LEB 52,Spirulina platensisParacas and Spirulina sp. LEB 18. For this, experiments were performed using Full Factorial Design 2² to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients on the maximum biomass concentration and maximum productivity in the cultures, as well as in production biosurfactant by extracts derived from microalgae through surface tension measurements. The Spirulina platensis LEB 52 provided higher biomass production when compared with the Spirulina platensis LEB 52 andSpirulina platensisParacas, but the phosphorus and nitrogen variables showed no significant influence on the maximum biomass concentration and maximum productivity. The resultds showed that Spirulina sp. LEB 18 was more favorable for the production of biosurfactants in relation to the others strains, because it presented an extract with a surface tension measurement of 31.2 mN.m^-1 in a culture performed with higher concentrations of nitrogen (412 mg.L^-1) and without the addition of phosphorus.

Key words: biomass, cyanobacterium, surfactant.

Reference
[1] A. P. Batista, L.Gouveia, N. M.Bandarra, J. M. Franco, A. Raymundo, Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products, Algal Research, 2, 2013, 164-173.
[2] R. B.Derner, S. Ohse, M.Villela,S. M. de Carvalho, R. Fett, Microalgas,produtos e aplicações, Ciência Rural, 36 (6), 2006, 1959-1967.
[3] R.Kohari, R.Prasad, V.Kumar, D. P.Singh,Production of biodiesel from microalgae Chlamydomonaspolypyrenoideum grown on dairy industry wastewater, Bioresource Technology, 144, 2013, 499-503.
[4] L. Sun, L.Wang, Y.Zhou,Immunomodulation and antitumor activities of different-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Porphyridiumcruentum,Carbohydrate Polymers,87, 2012, 1206-1210.
[5] L.Brennan, P.Owende, Biofuels from microalgae-A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2010, 557-577.

Design and Analysis of a 32 Bit Linear Feedback Shift Register Using VHDL

Abstract: This paper proposes a 32 Bit Linear Feedback Shift Register which generates pseudo-random test patterns as the input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The total number of random state generated on LFSR depends on the feedback polynomial. As it is simple counter so it can count maximum of 2n -1 by using maximum feedback polynomial. Here in this paper we implemented 32-bit LFSR on FPGA by using VHDL to study the performance and analysis the behaviour of randomness. The analysis is conceded out to find number of gates, memory and speed requirement in FPGA as the number of bits is increased. Also, the simulation problem for long bit LFSR on FPGA is presented. The design is simulated and synthesized in Xilinx 14.5 ISE and Model Sim 10.1b.

Key words: LFSR, FPGA, VHDL

Reference
[1] Janick Bergeron. Writing testbenches functional verification of HDL Models(2nd Edition).Springer- Verlag-2003.
[2] Amit Kumar Panda et.al, "FPGA Implementation of 8, 16 and 32 Bit LFSR with Maximum Length Feedback Polynomial using VHDL," International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2012.
[3] Madhusudan Dey, Abhishek Singh, "Design and IP core based implementation of a programmable 8-bits random sequence generator, "In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nuclear Physics, 2009, pp.678-679.
[4] Mohammed Gazi.J et.al, "Design of Random Testing Circuit Based on LFSR for the External Memory Interface," International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), vol. 2, issue 3, , pp.145-150, March 2013.
[5] P.Bhanuchander et.al, "BIST architecture Implementation Based on Advanced LFSR for testing EMIFs for SRAM," International Journal of Industrial Electrical, Electronics, Control and Robotics (IISRC), vol. 3, issue 5, pp. 1-8 August 2013.

Aggregation Mechanism for Reducing Schedule Length in Tree Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: To Explore and evaluate different techniques using real simulation models under multilevel communication paradigm. Data packets are time scheduled on single frequency channel by minimizing the time slots to complete a CONVERGECAST. Scheduling with transmission power control will diminish the effects of interference. The power control helps in reducing the schedule length under single frequency. Scheduling transmissions using multiple frequencies is more efficient than the single frequency. By providing power bounds in the schedule length interference is eliminated. The proposed algorithm can achieve these bounds. The use of multi frequency scheduling is sufficient to eliminate the interference. The data collection is no longer limited by the interference. To provide a proper solution degree-constrained spanning trees and minimal spanning trees are created. This will provide a significant improvement in scheduling performance. Finally, in a schedule length, the collisions in different interference over different channel models have been evaluated.

Key words: Degree-Constrained Routing Trees,Data Centric Approach, Greedy Aggregation, contention-based vs. contention free protocols, DAC tree construction algorithms, Unit Disk Graphs (UDG)

Reference
[1] A. Ghosh, O. D. Incel, V. A. Kumar, and B. Krishnamachari, "Multi-channel scheduling algorithms for fast aggregated convergecast in sensor networks," in MASS '09, Macau, China.
[2] Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Deborah Estrin, Stephen Wicker, "Impact of data aggregation in wireless sensor networks," in: International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'02) Vienna, Austria, July 2007.
[3] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, John Heidemann, "Impact of network density on data aggregation in wireless sensor networks," in: Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Vienna, Austria, July 2005.
[4] Chintalapudi and L. Venkatraman, "On the design of mac protocols for low-latency hard real-time discrete control applications over 802.15.4 hardware," in IPSN '08, pp. 356–367.
[5] Gopala and H. E. Gamal, "On the Scaling Laws of Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proceedings of the 23 rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM), 2004.

Condition Survey Of Drainage Facilities In Kore Sector Of Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) Phase I, Kano State, Nigeria.

Abstract: A study was conducted during 2006/2007 irrigation season to assess the condition of drainage facilities of Kore sector in Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) phase I. A total of three hundred and seventy eight field drains and forty six collector drains in the sector were surveyed. The result shows that a total of two hundred and two (202) drains 53.44 % are not functioning (NF) as a result of blockage, cropping, water logging, weed infestation and merger with the rest of the farmland. The number of the drains functioning (F) stand at thirty (30) 7.94 % and one hundred and forty six (146) drains 38.62 % are out of operation because of non existence of irrigation activities due to lack of water reaching those areas which rendered the area to be completely transformed into rainy season farms a such these irrigation and drainage structures are not in place.

Key words: Sector, Field drain, Collector drain, Kano River Irrigation Project.

Reference
[1] Arora, K. R. (2007). Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resource Engineering, Reprinted of 4th edition. Publish by standard publishers Distributors 1705-B NAI SARAK Post box 1066, Delhi -110006
[2] F. A. O. (1993). Quarterly Bulletin of Statistic. Vol. 6 No 2 Foods and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
[3] Fagoyinbo, J. B. and S. Abdulmumin (1991). The problem of poor drainage and its implications in large irrigation schemes in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the 11th National irrigation and drainage saminar Owerri, Nigeria.. Pp 144-1447.
[4] IWMI (2004). Comparative India Irrigation Performance. Research report (II) Improving Water and Land Resource Management for Food, Livelihood and Nature. International Water Management Institute
[5] Luthin, J. N. (1973). Drainage Engineering. Robert E. Krienger Publishing Co. Inc. Box 542, Hunting, New York 11743

Performance Enhancement of Multi-Output Carry Look-Ahead Cmos Csa

Abstract: Carry Select Adder (CSA) is solitary of the best ever adders worn in numerous data-processing processors to complete speedy arithmetic functions. From the construction of the CSA, it is lucid that there is scope for sinking the vicinity and clout burning up in the CSA. This adder is based on both a static and compact multi-output carry look-ahead (CSA) circuitof highly area-efficient CMOS carry-select adder (CSA) with a regular and iterative-shared transistor structure very suitable for implementation in VLSI and a very simple select circuit. Comparisons with other representative 32-bit CSAs show that the proposed adder reduces the area. This paper uses a easy and proficient gate-level amendment to drastically diminish the vicinity and power of the CSA. Based on this modification different square-root CSA (SQRT CSA) constructions have been developed and compared with the customary square-root architecture. The projected intend has reduced vicinity and power as compared with the regular Square Root CSA with only a slight increase in the delay. In this paper, conventional CSA is compared with Modified Carry select adder (MCSA), Regular Square Root CSLA (SQRT CSA), Modified SQRT CSA and Proposed SQRT CSA in terms of area, delay and power consumption. The result analysis shows that the proposed structure is better than the conventional CSA.

Key words: delay, area , SQRT CSA, VLSI, CMOS,

Reference
[1] N. Weste and K. Eshragian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Designs: A System Perspective, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1985-1993.
[2] Morinaka, H., Makino, H., Nakase, Y. et. al, "A 64 bit Carry Look-ahead CMOS adder using Modified Carry Select". Cz/stoin Integrated Circuit Conference, 1995, pages 585-588
[3] Milos D. Ercegovac and Thomas Lang, "Digital arthimetic," Morgan Kaufmann, Elsevier INC, 2004.
[4] W.Jeong and K.Roy, "robust high- performance low power adder",proc,of the Asia and South Pacific Design Automatin Conference,pp.503-506,2003
[5] D.C Chen, L. M. Guerra,E. H. Ng, M. Potkonjak, D.P. Schultz and J. M. Rabaey, "An integrated system for rapid prototyping of high performance algorithm specific data paths," in Proc. Application specific Array Processors, pp.134-148,Aug 1992.

Thermoelectric Power Studies of Ba-Co-Zr Hexagonal Ferrites

Abstract: Thermoelectric Power studies of Ba-Co-Zr ferrites having chemical formula BaCo_xZr_xFe_12-2xO₁₉ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were investigated from room temperature to 200 ⁰C by differential method. The Seebeck Coefficient is negative for all the compositions showing that these ferrites behave as n-type semiconductors. Seebeck coefficient (S) in all the samples is found to increase with increasing temperature. The values of the charge carrier concentration have been computed from the observed values of Seebeck coefficient. On the basis of these results an explanation for the conduction mechanism in Ba-Co-Zr mixed ferrites is suggested.

Key words: Seebeck coefficient, Charge Carrier Concentration, Ba-Co-Zr ferrites.

Reference
[1] Z. Simsa, S. Lego, R. Gerber, E. Pollert, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144 (1995) 2103.
[2] G. Mendoza-Suarez, J.C. Corral Hiracuz, M.E. Contreras-Garica, H. Jucarez-Medina, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 234 (2001) 73.
[3] Z. Simsa, Czech.J.Phys. B16 (1966) 919.
[4] V.D.Reddy, M.A. Malik, P.V. Reddy, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 8(1991)295.
[5] T.E. Wall, N. Salerno, Y. Proykova, K.A. Miraz, S. Mazen, Philos.Mag. B53 (1985) 107.

A Novel High Performance Implementation of 64 Bit MAC Units and Their Delay Comparison

Abstract: A novel high performance 64 bit Multiplier-and-Accumulator (MAC) is implemented in this paper.MAC plays a vital role in most of the digital signal processing (DSP).The MAC unit is designed using vedic,braun,dadda multiplier and carry save adder hence, compared with performance of MAC unit using Wallace multiplier and carry save adder.In gate level Verilog hdl used for coding digital circuits using tool Xilinx ISE 10.1i and target family Spartan 3E,Device- XC3S500,speed -5,package: FG320.The synthesized for the proposed digital circuits.

Key words: Carry save adder,Digital signal processing (DSP),multiplier and accumulator (MAC),Verilog-HDL.

Reference
[1] P.jagadeesh"Design ofHigh Performance 64 bit MAC Unit" 2013 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2013].
[2] W.J. Townsend, E.E. Swartzlander Jr., and J.A. Abraham, "A Comparison of Dadda and Wallace Multiplier Delays, "Proc. SPIE, Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIII, pp. 552-560, 2003.
[3] M.H. Rais, M.H. Al Mijalli, "Braun's multipliers: Spartan-3AN based design and implementation", J. Comput. Sci., vo. 7, no. (11), pp.1629-1632, 2011.
[4] L. Dadda, "Some Schemes for Parallel Multipliers," Alta Frequenza,vol. 34, pp. 349-356, 1965.
[5] C.S. Wallace, "A Suggestion for a Fast Multiplier," IEEE Trans.Electronic Computers, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 14-17, Feb. 1964.

Mitigation of PAPR in OFDM Using the Combination of Discrete Cosine Transform-II and Partial Transmit Sequence Techniques

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a peculiar case of multicarrier transmission technique for high speed data transmission over multipath fading channels. The high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the most detrimental aspects in the OFDM system, as it degrades the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter. Discrete Cosine Transform-II (DCT-II) is a less complex and distortion less method used to mitigate the PAPR. In this paper, a combination of Discrete Cosine Transform-II and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) is used to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted OFDM signal and results are compared with DCT-II and normal OFDM signal. Simulation results show that the combination of DCT-II and PTS shows better PAPR reduction.

Key words: CCDF, DCT-II, OFDM, PAPR, PTS

Reference
[1] Y. Wu and W. Y. Zou, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: A multi-carrier modulation scheme, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 41(3), Aug 1995, 392–399.
[2] S. H. Han, J. H. Lee, An overview of peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for Multicarrier transmission, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, 2005.
[3] M. M. Hasan, S. S. Singh, An Overview of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Systems, International Journal of Computer Applications, 60(15), December 2012.
[4] S. Cha, M. Park, S. LEE, K. J. Bang, D. Hong, A new PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems using advanced peak windowing method, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 54(2), July 2008, 405-410.
[5] J. Tao, Z. Guangxi, Z. Jianbin, Block Coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers, Journal Of Electronics, 21(6), nov 2004.

Crack Identification in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Ansys Software

Abstract: Analytical determination of displacements and stresses in reinforced concrete material was difficult task and engineers had to rely on empirical formulas because concrete consists of heterogeneous material and creep and shrinkage influenced deformations in it. Due to these complexities engineers in past had been facing difficulties in coping such problems, but with the advancement of digital computerization and modern numerical methods for analysis such as finite element method, these problems can be addressed in a very efficient way. There were two ways to carry out modelling in ANSYS software, one was smeared approach and the other one was discrete. In the past, Smeared approach was used to identify the cracks in RC beam using ANSYS but in this work it was extended using discrete approach of modelling and shear cracks were identified in RC beam and load deflection curve was simulated which showed good agreement with the experimental results. Beams, made of brittle materials like concrete or cement, show increasing crack development during their service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings. This local damage can be translated into a reduction of the local bending stiffness. Stiffness modifications, while assuming constant mass distribution, can be observed by monitoring the vibration behaviour of the beam. In this paper the modal parameters of an undamaged beam are monitored and compared with the vibration behaviour of the beam subjected to controlled damaging. Selected stiffness parameters in the finite element model are adjusted in such a way that the computed modal quantities match the measured quantities. FEMtools has been used to establish a damage distribution in beams associated with increasing stress patterns. State of the art scanning laser modal equipment has been used for this purpose. It has been found that modal updating is indeed a possible tool to reconstruct the damage patterns.

Key words: Crack Identification, Reinforced Concrete Beams, Ansys Software

Reference
[1]. M. Y. H. Bangash, Concrete and Concrete Structures: Numerical Modeling and Applications, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., London (1989).
[2]. Y. Hemmaty, "Modeling of the shear force transferred between cracks in reinforced and fibre reinforced concrete structures," in: Proc. of the ANSYS Conf., Vol. 1, Pittsburgh, PA (1998).
[3]. ANSYS 8.0 Manual Set, ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA (1998).
[4]. ANSYS Theory Reference, Seventh Edition, Swanson Analysis Systems (1998).
[5]. ANSYS – Engineering Analysis System. Theoretical Manual (for ANSYS Revision 8.04), Swanson Analysis Systems (1998).

Fem Modelling and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section with Light Weight Blocks Infill

Abstract: In an attempt to reduce the self weight of reinforced concrete structures, a new development of lightweight sandwich reinforced concrete (LSRC) section has been proposed as an alternative option to solid section. LSRC section is a reinforced concrete section which contains lightweight blocks as infill material. An experimental investigation into the strength of LSRC beams has shown promising results under flexural tests. To ensure the serviceability of LSRC members under service load, it is necessary to accurately predict the cracking and deflection of this section. This paper will focus on analysing the behaviour of the tested beam specimens after cracking occurs. ANSYS 12.1 was employed to study the crack propagation of LSRC beams under bending. The numerical model shows the crack in the area of AAC blocks which associates with the brittle failure of LSRC beams. The crack propagation of the beams analysed by ANSYS agrees well with the results from the experimental investigation. In structural design, an ideal situation in material saving is to reduce the weight of the structure without having to compromise on its strength and serviceability. A new lightweight sandwich reinforced concrete section has been developed with a novel use of lightweight concrete as infill material. The section, namely LSRC section, is suitable for use as beam or slab members. Experimental investigations into the strength of beams with LSRC section shows promising results under both flexural and shear tests. Based on the test results, the flexural capacity of LSRC beams was found to be almost identical to the capacity of the equivalent solid beam. The shear capacity of the LSRC beams was expectedly reduced due to the low compressive strength of the lightweight concrete infill material. ANSYS 12.1 was employed to develop three dimensional nonlinear finite element models of LSRC beams and was verified against the experimental results.

Key words: Fem Modelling, Analysis, Reinforced Concrete Section, Light Weight Blocks Infill

Reference
[1]. Abbadi A, Koutsawa Y, Carmasol A, Belouettar S, Azari Z (2009). Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Panels. Simul. Model. Pract. Theor. 17:1533-1547.
[2]. Ahmad SG, Xie Y, Yu T (1995). Shear Ductility of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams of Normal Strength and High Strength Concrete. Cement Concr. Compos. 17:147-159.
[3]. Aldejohann M, Schnellenbach M (2003). Investigation on the shear capacity of biaxial hollow slabs-Test results and evaluation. Darmstadt Concr..18:532-545.
[4]. ANSYS Theory Reference, version 12.1 (2010). Swanson Analysis System, available at Curtin University.
[5]. AS3600 Committee BD-002 (2009). Concrete Structures. Standards Australia. pp. 110-113.

Dynamic Analysis of Flanged Shear Wall Using Staad Pro

Abstract: Earthquakes demonstrate vulnerability of various inadequate structures, every time they occur. The lessons taught from the aftermath of earthquakes and the research works being carried out in laboratories give better understanding about the performance of the structure and their components. Damage in reinforced concrete structures was mainly attributed to the inadequate detailing of reinforcement, lack of transverse steel and confinement of concrete in structural elements. Typical failures were brittle in nature, demonstrating inadequate capacity to dissipate and absorb inelastic energy. This necessitates a better understanding of the design and detailing of the reinforced concrete structures under various types of loading. An extensive description of previous studies on the underlying theory and the application of the finite element method to the linear and nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures is presented in excellent state of-the-art reports by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982 [ASCE 1982]. The results from the FEA are significantly relied on the stress-strain relationship of the materials, failure criteria chosen, simulation of the crack of concrete and the interaction of the reinforcement and concrete.Because of these complexity in short- and long-term behavior of the constituent materials, the ANSYS finite element program introduces a three-dimensional element Solid65 which is capable of cracking and crushing and is then combined along with models of the interaction between the two constituents to describe the behavior of the composite reinforced concrete material. Although the Solid 65 can describe the reinforcing bars, this study uses an additional element, Link8, to investigate the stress along the reinforcement because it is inconvenient to collect the smear rebar data from Solid 65.

Key words: Dynamic Analysis, Flanged Shear Wall, Staad Pro

Reference
[1]. ACI Committee 318 (2002), "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02)", American Concrete Institute,
[2]. ASCE (1982), "State-of-the-Art Report on Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete", ASCE Special Publication, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.
[3]. ASCE Standard (2002), "Seismic evaluation of existing buildings", ASCE 31- 03.
[4]. Barbosa, A.F. and Ribeiro, G.O (1998), "Analysis of reinforced concrete structures using ANSYS nonlinear concrete model", Computational Mechanics, New Trends and Applications, Barcelona, Spain, pp1-7.
[5]. El-Amoury, T. and Ghobarah, A (2002), "Seismic rehabilitation of beam-column joint using GFRP sheets", Engineering Structures, 24(11), pp 1397-1407.

Analysis of Three Dimensional Horizontal Reinforced Concrete Curved Beam Using Ansys

Abstract: Reinforced concrete horizontally curved beams are extensively used in many fields, such as in the construction of modern highway intersections, elevated freeways, the rounded corners of buildings, circular balconies,….etc. In some of these cases, large depths are needed for curved beams in order to resist high loads or to fulfill some aesthetic purposes. The analytical analysis of such members is very complex due to the fact that those members are subjected to combined action of bending, shear and torsion. Furthermore, non homogeneous nature of the materials involved contributes to the complexity of the problem. Therefore, it becomes necessary to employ numerical analysis procedures, such as the finite element method, to satisfy the safety and the economy requirements.A horizontally curved beam, loaded transversely to its plane, is subjected to torsion in addition to bending and shear. Furthermore, in deep beam the plane section does not remain plane after bending because of high stresses and warping occurs. Therefore, special features of analysis and design for horizontally curved deep beams is necessary to include the effect of above mentioned factors. Several methods of collapse analysis (Khalifa 1972, Jordaan et al. 1974, Badawy et al. 1977, Hsu et al. 1978, and Abul Mansur and Rangan 1981. ) were proposed for analysis of specific cases of reinforced concrete curved beams. However, till yet studies concerning reinforced concrete horizontally curved deep beams are rare. At present, with the application of digital computers beside the development of numerical methods, the mathematical difficulties associated with curved deep beam have been largely overcome. One of the most effective numerical methods utilized for analyzing reinforced concrete members is the finite element method. Using this method, many aspects of the phenomenological behaviour of reinforced concrete structures can be modelled rationally. These aspects include the tension-stiffening, non-linear multiaxial material properties, modelling of cracking and crushing, and many other properties related to the behaviour of reinforced concrete members under stresses. An important utilization of the finite element method is the modelling of the degradation of concrete compressive strength in the presence of transverse tensile straining as happens in members subjected dominantly to torsion or shear stresses. Therefore, the present study adopted a three dimensional non-linear finite element model to investigate the behaviour and the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete horizontally curved deep beams.

Key words: Analysis , Three Dimensional, Horizontal Reinforced Concrete, Curved Beam, Ansys

Reference
[1]. Al- Shaarbaf, I.A.S., 1990, "Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Torsion", PH. D. Thesis. University of Bradford, U.K.
[2]. Al- Tameemi, H.A.A., 2005, "Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Horizotally Curved Deep Beams", M.Sc. Thesis. University of Kufa.
[3]. Al-Mahiadi. R.S.H., 1979, "Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams", Report No. 79, Dept. of Structure Engineering, Cornell University.
[4]. Badawy, H.E.I, Jordaan, I.J., and McMullen, A.E., 1977 "Effect of Shear on Collapse of Curved Beams", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST9, Proc. Paper 13185, September, pp. 1849-1866.
[5]. Carlos A.F., 2004, "Introduction To Finite Element Methods", Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciencesand Center for Aerospace StructuresUniversity of Colorado, U.S.A.

A Comparative Analysis of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM System

Abstract: Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used to form multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels to increase the capacity by a factor of the minimum number of transmit and receive antennas. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for MIMO channels (MIMO-OFDM) is considered for wideband transmission to mitigate intersymbol interference and enhance system capacity. In this paper performance analysis of channel estimation through different algorithms for estimating channel using BPSK modulation scheme are investigated for different channel delay spread. The estimation of channel at pilot frequencies is based on Least Square, Minimum mean square channel estimation algorithm. We have compared the performances of these two channel estimation algorithm by measuring bit error rate Vs SNR. Minimum Mean Square estimation has been shown to perform much better than Least Square channel estimation algorithm.

Key words: Delay Profile, Channel Estimation, Least Square, MIMO-OFDM, Minimum Mean Square

Reference
[1] H. Sampath, S. Talwar, J. Tellado, V. Erceg and A. Paulraj, "A fourth-generation MIMOOFDM broadband wireless system: design, performance and field trial results" IEEE Communications Magazine, No. 9, pp. 143- 149, Sep., 2002.
[2] Y. Zhao and A. Huang, "A novel channel estimation method for OFDM Mobile Communications Systems based pilot signal and transform domain processing," in Proc. IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conf., Phoenix, USA, May 1997, pp. 2089–2093.
[3] Changyong Shin, Heath, R.W., Powers, E.J., "Blind Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems" Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on volume:56 , no.2, pp.670-685, March 2007.
[4] G. L. StÄuber, J. R. Barry, S. W. Mclaughlin, Y. Li, M. A. Ingram and T. G. Pratt, "Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 271-294, Feb. 2004.
[5] Y. Li, "Simplified channel estimation for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas," IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 67-75, Jan. 2002.

Preparation and Characterization of Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺:Li₂O-LiF-B₂O₃-ZnO Optical Glasses

Abstract: A transparent base glass in the chemical composition Li₂O-LiF-B₂O₃-ZnO (LBZ) has successfully been prepared also a couple of transition metal (Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺) ions doped into this glass matrix have also been done for their further analysis. Structural (XRD, FTIR & Raman) and thermal (TG-DTA) properties and also absorption spectrum of LBZ glass have been analyzed. Optical absorption, photoluminescence (excitation & emission) spectra of Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺:Li₂O-LiF- B₂O₃-ZnO and their spectral assignments, dielectric ( & tan) and conductivities (ac & dc) have also been undertaken. The XRD profile of the host glass confirms its amorphous nature. Weight loss in the precursor sample powder, glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystalline temperature (Tc) have been identified from the TG-DTA profiles. FTIR and Raman spectra of the host glass show vibrational bands of B-O from [BO₃] and [BO₄] units and Li-O. The absorption spectrum of Cr³⁺: LBZ glass has shown two bands at 412 nm (⁴A_2g (F) T_1g (F)) and 579 nm (⁴A_2g (F) ⁴T_2g (F)). In respect of Ti³⁺: LBZ glass, only one broad band at 490 nm (²B_2g²B_1g) has been measured. From the optical absorption spectral positions, their crystal field (Dq) and the Racah (B & C) interaction parameters have been evaluated. Dielectric constant and losses (' and tan) of all three glasses have been studied in the frequency range from 1Hz to 1M Hz at room temperature and computed conductivities (ac and dc).

Key words: Cr³⁺ & Ti³⁺ glasses and Dielectric analysis

Reference
[1] S.M. Kaczmarek, Li2B4O7 glasses doped with Cr, Cu, Eu & Dy, Opt. Mater., 19 (2002)189 -194.
[2] A. Srinivasa Rao, J. Lakshmana Rao, R. Ramakrishna Reddy, T.V.Ramakrishna Rao, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical absorption spectra of Cr(III) ions in alkali cadmium borosulphate glasses, Opt Mater., 4 (1995) 717-721.
[3] Shaweta Mohan, Kulwant Singh Thind, Gopi Sharma, Leif Gerward, Spectroscopic investigations of Nd3+ doped fluro-and chloro borate glasses, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 70 (2008) 1173-1179.
[4] Kang III Cho, Sun Hwa Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Yang Kuk Sun, Relationship between glass network structure and conductivity of Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Solid electrolyte, Electrochimica Acta, 52 (2006) 1576-1581.
[5] R. Balaji Rao, Rosario A. Gerhardt & N. Veeraiah, Spectroscopic characterization conductivity and relaxation anomalies in Li2O-mgO-B2O3 glass system: Effect of Nickel ions, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 69 (2008) 2813-2826.

Quality Costs (IRR) Impact on Lot Size Considering Work in Process Inventory

Abstract: Economic order quantity model and production quantity model assume that production processes are error free. However, variations exist in processes which result in imperfection particularly in high machining environments. Processes variations result in nonconformitiesthat increase quality costs in the form of rework, rejects and quality control techniques implementations to ensure quality product delivery. This paper is an attempt towards development of inventory model which incorporate inspection, rework, and rejection (IRR) quality costs in optimum lot size calculation focusing work in process inventory. Mathematical model is derived for optimum lot size based on minimum average cost function using analytical approach. This new developed model (GTOQIRR) assume an imperfect production environment. Numerical examples are used to visualize the significant effect of quality cost in the proposed model in comparison to the previously developed models. The proposed model is highly recommendable for quality based high machining manufacturing environments considering work in process inventories.

Key words: WIP inventory; EOQ model; quality cost; lot size; GTOQ model.

Reference
[1] Rosenblatt, M.J. and Lee, H.L.(1986), Economic production cycle with imperfect production processes. IIE Transaction, 18, pp. 48-55.
[2] Sarker, B.R., Jamal, A.M.M., and Mondal, S. (2007) Optimum batch size in a multi stage production system with rework consideration. European Journal of Operational Research, 184 (3). pp. 915- 929.
[3] Gupta, T. and Chakraborty, S. (1984)Looping a multistage production system. International Journal of Production Research, 222 (2), pp. 299-311.
[4] Jamal A.M.M., Sarker, B.R., and Mondal, S. (2004)Optimum manufacturing batch size with rework process at a single stage production system. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 47 (1), pp. 77-89.
[5] Biswas, P. and Sarker, B.R. (2008). Optimal batch quantity models for a lean production system with in-cycle rework and scrap. International Journal of Production Research, 46 (23), pp. 6585-6610.

Comparative Design of 16-Bit Sparse-Tree Rsfq Adder

Abstract: In this paper, we propse 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adder (Rapid single flux quantam), kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple carry adder s(slow adders compare to other adders), and carry lookahead adders(area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most of industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder, Our prefix sparse tree adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. We simulate and synthesis different types of 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adders using Xilinx ISE10.1i tool, By using these synthesis results, We noted the performance parameters like number of LUT's and delay. We compare these three adders interms of LUT's represents area) and delay values.

Key words: digital arithmetic, RSFQ adder, kogge-stone adder ,carry operator, prefix adder.

Reference
[1] P.M Kogge and H. S. Stone, "A parallel algorithm for the efficient solution of a general class of recurrence equations," IEEE Trans. Computer, vol.C-22, no. 8, pp. 786-793, Aug .1973.
[2] S. Mathew, M. Anders, R. K. Krishnamurthy, and S. Borkar, "A 4-GHz 130-nm address generation unit with 32-bit sparse-tree adder core," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 689–695, May 2003.
[3] A. G. M. Strollo and E. Napoli, "A fast and area efficient complimentary pass-transistor logic carry-skip adder," in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Microelectron., Sep. 1997, vol. 2, pp. 701–704.
[4] O. A. Mukhanov, S. V. Rylov, V. K. Semonov, and S. V. Vyshenskii, "RSFQ logic arithmetic," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 857–860, Mar. 1989.
[5] Z. J. Deng, N. Yoshikawa, J. A. Tierno, S. R. Whiteley, and T. van Duzer, "Asynchronous circuits and systems in superconducting RSFQ digital technology," in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Adv. Res. Asynchronous Circuits Syst., Apr. 1998, pp. 274–285.

Speed Ratio Prediction and Performance Analysis of Single Ball Traction Drive for CVT

Abstract: Drives are basically used to transmit power and speed from the prime mover to the machine. The power transmission and speed reduction between the prime-mover and the driven machine can be achieved by using conventional drives like Belt drive, Rope drive, Chain drive, Gears, etc. with their numerous advantages and disadvantages. There are many machines and mechanical units that under varying circumstances make it desirable to be able to drive at a barely perceptible speed, an intermediate speed or a high speed. Thus an infinitely variable (step less) speed variation in which it is possible to get any desirable speed. Some mechanical, hydraulic, drives serve as such step less drives. However the torque versus speed characteristics of these drives do not match torque at low speeds. Hence the need of a step less or infinitely variable speed drive came into existence. The drive presented by the end of this research work is single ball traction drive for continuously variable transmission systems. Dissertation includes the brief history of existing drives, speed prediction methodology and performance analysis of the drive developed.

Key words: Analysis, Ball, CVT, IVT, Traction

Reference
[1] Abu-Jadayil W.M. and Mohsen M.S., "Design and Manufacturng of Self Actuating Traction Drives with Solid and Hollow Rollers", Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 4, Number 4, September 2010
[2] Bdran S., Saifullah S. and Shuyuan M., "An overview on control concepts of Push-Belt CVT", IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 4, August 2012
[3] Carter, J. and Miller, D., "The Design and Analysis of An Alternative Traction Drive CVT", SAE Paper 2003-01-0970, 2003
[4] Cotrell J., "Assessing the Potential of a Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission for Wind Turbines", A National Laboratory of U.S. Department of Energy, Conference Paper, NREL/CP-500-38212, 2005
[5] Coy J.J., Rohn D.A. and Loewenthal S.H., "Life Analysis of Multiroller Planetary Traction Drive", NASA, Technical Paper 1710, Technical Report 80-C-16, 1981

Safety Preservation and Reliability Enhancement of 3M By Applying Varied Friction Methodology

Abstract: A general trend shows that while purchasing equipment or a machine and using them it is taken as sacrosanct that the parts / assembly or the mechanism installed are free from any defect and no improvement is required there in. However it's not true always and now a days this has been taken up with at most concern to raise a pertinent question whether this is the optimum output from the component/assemblies fitted and being used. Present paper is based on the above subject and deals with one of the assemblies fitted on a heavy earth moving machinery known as Walking Dragline (Ransome and Rapier, made in UK) operating in Jayant OCM one of the biggest coal mines in Asia. The component placed on the Boom structure of the machinery in question was a fixed one and subjected to static friction because of coming into contact with heavy duty steel wire ropes (2 numbers) in moving conditions. The impact of the wire ropes on the component was so heavy that it was taking only a few months to get the static wooden log worn out resulting into heavy loss to both the components on one hand, crores of rupees of revenue loss in production in addition to very high safety hazard because of their fitment/replacement at a height of 40 meters from the ground to which lifting by even general duty crane was not possible, thus to be handled by manually at times Giving a serious thought to the problem and considering a possible solution that can't the existing component fitted originally with the boom structure of the machine subjected to the static friction be replaced by a rolling friction component? With a positive answer to this problem the proposed adopted methodology undergoes two steps: first removal of the component that is wooden log under the static friction and second design, fabrication and installation of two no. of rollers to withstand the impact of heavy duty steel wire ropes. The comparison between the proposed and existing was carried out on various parameters such as cost, maintenance friendliness, safety and reliability concerned with 3M i.e. man, machine & material.

Key words: Walking Dragline Machine, Wooden Log, rollers, steel wire, ropes, friction, 3M- Man, Machine and Material.

Reference
[1] Northern Coal Fields Limited, Jayant Project, Reference No. JNT/DGM/OE/88/267 Dated 12/09/1988.
[2] Northern Coal Fields Limited, Jayant Project, Reference No. JNT/GM/PM's/92/123 Dated 29/06/1992.
[3] G Lumley, "Reducing the variability in Dragline Operator Performance", Coal operators conference University of Wollongong & the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005, Page 97-106.
[4] H-Bartasiewicz, "Wear of Dragline wire Ropes", Coal operators conference University of Wollongong & the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005, Page 153-160.
[5] Lei Zhang, Leng Han, Y ujun Wang, Tiantu Zhao, Xian Xun,Massao Nagasaki,"The variability of Mechanical Properties and Moleculer conformation among different Spider Drag line fibres", Fibres and Polymers Vol. 14 No. 7 Page 1190-1195.

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System For Rainfall-Runoff Modeling

Abstract: In this study an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used for rainfall-runoff modeling for the Dharoi sub-basin, India. Different combinations of rainfall were considered as the inputs to the model, and runoff was considered as the output. Input space partitioning for model structure identification was done by grid partitioning. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of back-propagation and least-squares estimation was used to train the model for runoff estimation. The optimal learning parameters were determined by trial and error using Triangular membership function. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) were used for selecting the best performing model.

Key words: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) modeling, Dharoi sub-basin, Rainfall-Runoff

Reference
[1] Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8 (3), 338–353.
[2] Mahabir, C.; Hicks, F.E. and Robinson F. A.(2003). "Application of fuzzy logic to forecast seasonal runoff". Hydrological Process, 17:3749-3762.
[3] Jang, J.-S.R., Sun, C.-T., 1995. Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control. Proceedings IEEE 83 (3), 378–406.
[4] Loukas, Y.L .(2001). "Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: an instant and architecture-free predictor for improved QSAR studies". J Med Chem 44(17):2772 2783.
[5] Nayak, P.C., Sudheer, K.P., Rangan, D.M. and Ramasastri, K.S. (2004). "A neuro-fuzzy computing technique for modelling hydrological time series". J. Hydrology, 291 : 52-66

An Analysis of Transducer Mass Loading Effect Inshaker Testing

Abstract: Modal Analysis has been a developing science in the experimental evaluation of the dynamic properties of the structures. Frequency Response Function (FRF) is one of the major steps in modal analysis. Measured frequency response functions (FRFs) are used to extract modal parameters. It is also known that the accuracy and the reliability of various analyses using the measured FRFs depend strongly on the quality of measured data. It is well known that the quality of measured frequency response functions (FRFs) is adversely affected by many factors, most significant sources being noise and systematic errors like mass loading effects of transducers. A transducer mounted on a vibrating system changes the dynamics of the structure due to the addition of extra mass and introduces errors into measured FRFs. One problem with this is the production of unrealistic results, which cause the measured resonant frequencies to be less than the correct values. These errors also lead to incorrect prediction of modal parameters. In many situations, the mass loading effect is ignored in the analytical and experimental process, based on a usual assumption that the transducer mass is negligible compared to that of the structure under test. However, when light-weighted structures are investigated, this effect can be significant. This paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of transverse vibration of fixed free beam and investigates the modal frequency. Mass loading effect of accelerometer is studied on the cantilever beams by varying the masses of accelerometer. In this work, experimental modal testing of a cantilever beam has been performed to obtain modal frequencies. The beam is excited by using Electrodynamics Shaker Excitation Technique, which provides forced vibrations. These modal parameters are then checked using finite element method which is found to comply with the experimental results. The range of applications for modal data is vast and includes checking modal frequencies, to understand dynamic structural behavior for trouble-shooting, verifying and improving analytical models.

Key words: Frequency Response Function, Modal Analysis, modal parameters, mass loading effects, Shaker Testing etc.

Reference
[1] Shusheng Bi, JunRen, Wei Wang, Guanghua Zong, "Elimination of transducer mass loading effects in shaker modal testing," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2013.
[2] O. Cakar, K.Y. Sanliturk, "Elimination of transducer mass loading effects from frequency response functions,"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing19 (1) (2005) 87–104.
[3] J.M.M. Silva, N.M.M. Maia, A.M.R. Ribeiro, "Cancellation of mass-loading effects of transducers and evaluation of unmeasured frequency response functions,"J. Sound Vib.236 (5) (2000) 761–779.
[4] D.J. Ewins, "Modal Testing: Theory and Practice", Research Studies Press, England, 1984.
[5] D.J. Ewins, "Modal Testing: Theory", Practice and Applications, 2nd ed. Research Studies Press, England, 2000.

Information Transmission System Based On a Light Sensor

Abstract: This paper describes a novel light-sensor-based information transmission system with particular benefits for mobile and wearable computers. Fluorescent light is used as the medium to transmit information which is in encoded form and receiver receives the encoded light information through a photoreceiver. The information is passed into the wearable or mobile computer after the data are decoded. This information allows positioning information to be given to indoor mobile and wearable computers.

Key words: fluorescent lamp, wearable computer.

Reference
[1] A. R. Golding and N. Lesh, "Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors," in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Wearable Comput. 1999, pp. 29–36.
[2] W. Elenbaas, Fluorescent Lamps. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
[3] J.M.Senior Optical Fiber Communications, Principles and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992.
[4] "Li-Fi: Data through Light', The Institute of Engineers, Technorama Magazine, Vol. 62, pp. 41, December 2012.
[5] "Visible-light communication: Tripping the light fantastic: A fast and cheap optical version of Wi-Fi is coming', The Economist, dated 28 Jan 2012.

Linear Regression and Anova Modelling Tool When Turning of EN 24 / EN 31 Alloy Steel

Abstract: In any machining process, apart from obtaining the accurate dimensions, achieving a good surface quality and maximized metal removal are also of utmost importance. A machining process involves many process parameters which directly or indirectly influence the surface roughness and metal removal rate of the product in common. Surface roughness and metal removal in turning process are varied due to various parameters like feed, speed and depth of cut are important ones. Extensive study has been conducted in the past to optimize the process parameters in any machining process to have the best product. Current investigation on turning process is a Linear Regression Methodology (LRM) applied on the most effective process parameters i.e. feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while machining alloy steels as the two types of work pieces with HSS cutting tool in dry environment. The main effects (independent parameters), quadratic effects (square of the independent variables), and interaction effects of the variables have been considered separately to build best subset of the model. Four levels of the feed, four levels of speed, four levels of the depth of cut, two different types of work materials have been used to generate readings in a single set. After obtaining the data from the experiments, LR is calculated using the existing formulae. To analyze the data set, statistical tool ANOVA has been used to reduce the manipulation and help to arrive at proper improvement plan of the manufacturing process & techniques. A comparison between the observed and predicted data was made, which shows a close relationship.

Key words: Linear Regression Methodology (LRM), Turning, ANOVA.

Reference
[1] MahendraKorat and NeerajAgarwal " Optimization of Different Machining Parameters of En24 Alloy Steel In CNC Turning by Use of Taguchi Method" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.160-164
[2] RavinderTonk and Jasbir Singh Ratol "Investigation of the Effects of the Parametric Variations in Turning Process of En31 Alloy" International Journal on Emerging Technologies 3(1): pp.160-164(2012)
[3] Aggarwal, A. and Singh, H; "Optimization of Machining Techniques- A retrospective and literature review", Sadhna Vol. 30, Part 6, pp.699-711 (2005).
[4] Ghosh, S, Murugan, B. and Mondal, B., "An approach for process parameter optimization of hard machining while machining the hardened steel", Journal of scientific and Industrial research, Vol. 68, pp. 686-695(2009).
[5] Groover and Mikell "Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing", 3rd Edition Prentice hall, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 491-504 (1996).

Generation of Electricity Using Solid Waste Management in Krishnagiri Municipalty

Abstract: The electricity sector in India supplies the world's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting for 3.4% of global energy consumption by more than 17% of global population. About 65.34% of the electricity consumed in India is generated by thermal, 21.53% by hydroelectric power plants, 2.70% by nuclear power plants and 10.42% by Renewable Energy Sources. More than 50% of India's commercial energy demand is met through the country's vast coal reserves. The country has also invested heavily in recent years in renewable energy utilization, especially wind energy. Four major economic and social drivers characterize the energy policy of India: a rapidly growing economy, increasing household incomes, limited domestic reserves of fossil fuels and the adverse impact on the environment of rapid development in urban and regional areas. Meanwhile, the rural areas are struggling with a chronically tight supply of electrical power. In order to properly manage the changing conditions, knowledge and estimation of the available resources and applying their relation with the population is of utmost importance. The paper deals with extraction of such information with the help of spatial techniques. This paper deals with estimation of the amount of solid waste generated by a part of the Krishnagiri city using spatial techniques. Solid waste management is one of the most essential functions in a country to achieve a sustainable development. In India, it has been one of the least prioritized functions during the last decades. The most common ways to treat waste in India today are open dumping and uncontrolled burning. These methods are causing severe environmental pollution and health problems. India is one of the world‟s largest emitter of methane gas from waste disposal. Since methane is a strong greenhouse gas, even small emissions have large impact on the climate. Like most municipalities in India, COK has experienced difficulties keeping in pace with last decades‟ industrialization, resulting in insufficient collection of municipal solid waste and over burdened dumpsites. Another consequence of the rapid industrialization is the increased demand for electricity. Today there is not enough installed capacity of power stations in Krishnagiri to meet this demand, leading to daily power cuts. This project will give an overview of the current waste used to generate electricity situation in Krishnagiri and analyze whether Hydro air Tectonics should build this combustion unit or if they should sell the generated RDF to industries. The result will be presented in a case study. The garbage has several nutrients and hence can be advantageously processed to produce many bye products and end products viz. gas, electricity and also organic manure which is highly suited for organic farming.

Key words: Hydroelectric Power Plants, Cropping Intensity, Krishnagiri , Environmental Pollution . Rapid Industrialization.

Reference
[1]. Alamgir, M. & Ahsan, A. (2007). Municipal solid waste and recovery potential: Bangladesh perspective. Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng.,4 (2), 67 76.
[2]. Alam, M. R. & Sohel, M. H. (2008). Environmental management in Bangladesh—A study on municipal solid waste management system in Chittagong. Chittagong: University of Chittagong.
[3]. Akter, N., Rahman, M. & Sharmin, L. (2010). Medical waste management at Rajshahi city corporation publicprivate partnership model development: A collaborative effort on medical waste Management in Bangladesh (Baseline and status report). Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology, 6 (2), 173-186.
[4]. Ali, A. (2011). Faulty Solid Waste Management in Rajshahi City: Dumping in Open Space Poses Health Hazard to Dwellers. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.bangladesh2day.com/newsfinance/2010/February/11/Faulty-solid-waste-management-in-Rajshahicity. php
[5]. Ahsan, M. (2011). Govt Plans to Double Power Price by 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from http://www.defence.pk/forums/ bangladesh-defence/72150-power-sector-bangladesh-5.html

A Blower-Like Approach to Predict the Effectiveness of Vaccines in a TB Dynamic

Abstract: In this paper we present an extension of an automata approach proposed by S. Blower (1998) to describe the tuberculosis progression in a bi-dimensional space. In our extended model, the vaccination was included as an inhibitory variable in order to study its influence on the behavior of the tuberculosis spread. Our simulations showed that the earlier the vaccine is administered in the population, the lower the number of infected individuals, as expected for an in vivo system. However, our results also indicated that although the usual vaccination processes help reducing the strength of infection, the disease is not extinct, remaining the endemic state at low levels. These results strongly suggest that further actions are needed to increase the effectiveness of immunizations.

Key words: Simulation, epidemic, tuberculosis, cellularautomata.

Reference
[1] ANDERSEN, P; DOHERTY.The success and failure of BCG implications for a novel tuberculosis vaccine.Nature, 662, vol. 3, august, 2005.
[2] ANDERSEN, P. Tuberculosis vaccines —an update, Nature 2007 v-5.
[3] BARRETO, M.L; PEREIRA, S.M; FERREIRA, A.A. BCG vaccine: efficacy and indications for vaccination and revaccination. Journal of Pediatrics, 3, vol 82, 2006.
[4] BLOWER, S; PORCO, T..Quantifying the intrinsic transmission dynamics of tuberculosis.Theorical Population Biology: 1998,v 54: 117–132.
[5] BLOWER, S; ZIV, E; DALEY, C.Early therapy for latent tuberculosis infection. American Journal of Epidemiology 153 (2001), 381–385.

Analysis of the Small Wind Turbine Blade with and Without Winglet

Abstract: This paper deals with the experimental verification the small wind turbine blade with and without winglet. Winglet is smaller portion to be added in the end of blade and measured its noise and performance. In the experiments the output power of generator is increased about 2.01% and noise level is reduced 25% in the winglet blade respectively compared with the without winglet blade. In addition, the experimental values the performances of the blades were compared with the CFD, Noise Analyzer are used.

Key words: CFD, Noise, Output power, Performance, Small Wind Turbine Blade, Winglet,

Reference
[1] Arvind Singh Rathore, and Siraj Ahmed, "Design and Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 3 No. 11 November 2011.
[2] H. V. Mahawadiwar, V. D. Dhopte, P.S. Thakare, Dr. R. D. Ashedkar "CFD Anaysis of Wind Turbine Blade", International Journa of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-June 2012, pp.3188-3194.
[3] M. Jureczko, M. Pawlak, A. Mezyk, "Optimization of wind turbine blades", Journal of Materials Processing Technology 167 (2005) 463–471.
[4] NitinTenguria, Mittal. N.D, Siraj Ahmed, "Design and Finite element analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind turbine blade" International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Volume 1, No 3, 2010.
[5] Z.L. Mahri, M.S. Rouabah, "Calculation of dynamic stresses using finite element method and prediction of fatigue failure for wind turbine rotor" Wseas Transactions On Applied And Theoretical Mechanics, Issue 1, Volume 3, January 2008.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Messaging and Voice Conferencing through Wi-Fi Network Messaging and Voice Conferencing through Wi-Fi Network Abstract: The use of Wi-Fi enabled android phones as IP phones, and their communication within a local wireless LAN is discussed in this paper. This proposed model is a form of telecommunication that allows exchange of data and voice via Wi-Fi network. The phones, which are Wi-Fi enabled and have android operating system, can be used to communicate with each other through the Wi-Fi communication channel. Proposed system incorporates messaging (Text and voice), conferencing (group conversation) and file sharing services through the Wi-Fi network. When users enters the Wi-Fi network, proposed system displays the list of other users they are having this system on their mobile in that network. Using the system services, user can communicate with other user by exchanging packets to IP address of destination user, with the condition that both communicating person should be in same Wi-Fi network. The proposed system allows communication through Wi-Fi which requires neither any internet connectivity nor any service from the service providers. In this paper, the proposed system shall eliminate the usage of service providers for short-distance calls and decreases the cost that gets accrued in the consumer's monthly bill. This system allows free conferencing, file sharing and messaging services within the Wi-Fi network that will greatly reduce the communication cost in large organizations. Key words: Messaging, File sharing, Conferencing, Wi-Fi, Android, IP address Reference [1] Intranet Based Messaging Service on Android Smart phones and Tablets International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013). [2] Voice Calls between Wireless (Android) Phones and a Cooperative Application for Sending Sms over Wi-Fi Networks By Mr. Sandip Rane, Miss. Jaya Suradkar, Volume 12 Issue 4 Version 1.0 February 2012 [3] Review through web http://www.devloper. android.com: Android Training Tutorials. [4] Review through web http://www.javaforea ch.com: Interactive platform for Java Developers. Miss. Nayana H S, Dr. M C Padma	01-05
2.	Energy Audit as a Tool for Improving System Efficiency in Industrial Sector Energy Audit as a Tool for Improving System Efficiency in Industrial Sector Abstract: This paper presents the characteristics of energy consumption in industrial sector, the methodology and results of energy audits (EA) performed in industrial sites and potentials for energy efficiency (EE) improvements. The present state of industrial energy in India could be characterized by significant technological out-of–date, low energy efficiency and low level of environmental protection. Presented analysis of the results of conducted energy audits in selected industrial companies in previous period has shown the significant potentials for energy efficiency improvements in industrial sector (upgrading or replacement of equipment in the industrial energy sources and processes, introduction of energy management, improvement of steam supply and condensate return systems, the waste heat utilization, introduction of energy efficiency technology, improvement of energy efficiency in electrical equipment, usage of waste materials etc). Key words: Energy Audit; Industrial sector; Energy Efficiency. Reference [1] "Working manual on energy auditing in Industries", Asian Productivity organization, 2008. [2] "How to conduct an energy audit: A short guide for local Governments and communities" prepared by New Jersey Department of Environmental protection. [3] "Energy Audit: A case study to reduce lighting cost", Innovative Journal. [4] "Hand book of energy audits", by Albert Thumann, William J.Younger. [5] "Energy audit of a 400/220 Kv substation- a case study", Sunil.M.Jaralikar and Mangalpady Aruna. Gopi Srinath, N. Uday Kumar	06-11
3.	Durability and Strength Properties on High Performance Self Compacting Concrete with GGBS and Silica Fumes Durability and Strength Properties on High Performance Self Compacting Concrete with GGBS and Silica Fumes Abstract: This study on the experimental investigation on strength aspects like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength, and durability aspects like rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT) of high performance self-compacting concrete with different mineral admixtures . Initials tests like slump test, L-box test, U-box test and T50 test will be carried out. The methodology adopted here is Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) which is replaced partially by cement at 10%, 20% and 30% and silica fumes(SF) by 3%, 6%, 9% in combination with Portland cement and the performance is measured and compared. The influence of mineral admixtures on the workability, mechanical strength and durability aspects of self-compacting concrete are studied. The mix proportion is obtained as per the guidelines given by European Federation of producers and contractors of special products for structure. Key words: Self-compacting concrete, Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS), Silica fumes(SF), Workability. Reference [1] D .Bonen, SP. Shah, Fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete, Concrete construction. ProgStructEngMate,(2005), vol 7, p. 14–26 . [2] EFNARC , Specifications and guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete,(2001). [3] G .Habert , N. Roussel, Study of two concretemix-design strategies to reach carbon mitigation objectives, Cement Concrete Composite,(2009) , vol 31 , p. 397–402.. [4] JJ .Brooks,MAM .Johari,M.Mazloom.Effect of admixtures On the setting times of high strength concrete, Cement Concrete Composite (2000), vol22,pg.293-301. [5] JM. Khatib ,Performance of self-compacting concrete containing GGBS , Construct Build Material, (2008) ,vol 22 . p. 1963–1971. J. M.Srishaila, Karthik Poovaiah D, K.N.Vishwanath, P.Prakash	12-19
4.	Novel Genetic Algorithm Based Solutions for Optimal Power Flow under Contingency Conditions Novel Genetic Algorithm Based Solutions for Optimal Power Flow under Contingency Conditions Abstract: Power system throughout the world is undergoing tremendous changes and developments due to rapid Restructuring, Deregulation and Open-access policies. Greater liberalization, larger market and increasing dependency on the electricity lead to the system operators to work on limited spinning reserve and to operate on vicinities to maximize the economy compromising on the reliability and security of the system for greater profits, which lead to establishment of a monitoring authority and accurate electronic system to prevent any untoward incidents like Blackouts. In any power system, unexpected outages of lines or transformers occur due to faults or other disturbances. These events may cause significant overloading of transmission lines or transformers, which in turn may lead to a viability crisis of the power system. The main role of power system control is to maintain a secure system state, i.e., to prevent the power system, moving from secure state into emergency state over the widest range of operating conditions. Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) is major tool used to improve the security of the system. In this work, Genetic algorithm has been used to solve the OPF and SCOPF problems. As initial effort conventional GA (binary coded) based OPF and SCOPF is going to be attempted. The difficulties of binary coded GA in handling continuous search space lead to the evolution of real coded GA‟s. Solutions obtained using both the algorithms are compared. Case studies are made on the IEEE30 bus test system to demonstrate the ability of real coded GA in solving the OPF and SCOPF problems. Key words: Optimal Power Flow(OPF), Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow(SCOPF), Genetic Algorithm(GA). Reference [1] O.Alsac,and B. Scott, "Optimal load flow with steady state security", IEEE Transaction PAS -1973, pp. 745-751. May 1973. [2] R.Narmatha Banu, D.Devaraj "Enhanced Genetic Algorithm Approach for Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Including FACTS Devices", International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 552-557, 2009 [3] P.Somasundaram ,K.Kuppusamy , and Kumudini Devi, "Evolutionary programming based security constrained optimal power flow", Electric Power System Research 72, Elsevier pp. 137-145 ,2004 [4] H. W. Dommel and W. F. Tinney, "Optimal Power Flow Solutions", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. pp. 1866-1876, Oct. 1968. [5] Anastasios G. Bakirtzis, Pandel N. Biskas, Christoforos E. Zoumas and Vasilios Petridis, "Optimal Power Flow by Enhanced Genetic Algorithm" IEEE transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 229-236, May 2002. S. V. Durga Bhavani, K. Ravi Kumar	20-30
5.	Finite Element Based Stress Analysis of Seat Belt Using Integrated Force Method Finite Element Based Stress Analysis of Seat Belt Using Integrated Force Method Abstract: Integrated force method (IFM) has been developed for solving various continuum mechanics problems, where all the internal forces are taken as independent variables. The system equilibrium equations (EE's) are mathematically concatenated with the MATLAB based compatibility conditions (CC's) to form the global set of equations. This paper explains the solution strategy of prototype seat-belt component using integrated force method. Actual seat belt component is taken here to verify IFM based FE element are readily used which is named as REC_5F_8D and REC_13F_16D where 5F and 13F reflects number of internal unknowns and 8D and 16D are number of total displacements respectively. The results for "Von Mises Stress" and Maximum Displacement using IFM based formulation and compared with ANSYS. Key words: IFM, Seatbelt Component, REC_5F_8D, REC_13F_16D, ANSYS Reference [1] S. N. Patnaik, D. A. Hopkins and Halford, Integrated force method solution to indeterminate structural mechanics problems, NASA/TP—2004-207430 [2] I. Kaljevic, S. N. Patnaik and D. A. Hopkins, Development of finite elements for two-dimensional structural analysis using the integrated force method, Computers & Structures, Vol. 59, No.4, pp.691-706, 1996 [3] S. N. Patnaik and M. S. Nagraj, Analysis of continuum by the integrated force method, Computers & Structures, Vol. 26, No.6, pp.899-905, 1987 [4] S. N. Patnaik, R. M. Cornoneous and D. A. Hopkins, Recent Advances in the method of forces: integrated force method of structural analysis, Advances in engineering Software, Vol. 29, No. 3-6, pp. 463-474, 1998 [5] S. N. Patnaik and K. T. Joseph, Generation of the compatibility matrix in the integrated force method, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering, 55, (1986) Anjali Kale, Dr. G. S. Doiphode	31-34
6.	Integration of JAM and JADE Architecture in Distributed Data Mining System Integration of JAM and JADE Architecture in Distributed Data Mining System Abstract: Data mining systems is used to discover patterns and extract useful information from facts recorded in databases. Knowledge can be acquired from database by using machine learning algorithm which compute descriptive representations of the data as well as patterns that may be exhibited in the data. Most of the current generation of learning algorithms, however, are computationally complex and require all data to be resident in main memory which is clearly untenable for many realistic problems and databases. The main focus of this work is on the management of machine learning programs with the capacity to travel between computer sites to mine the local data. This paper describes the system architecture of JAM (Java Agents for Meta-learning), a distributed data mining system that scales up to large and physically separated data sets. In a single repository data base where data is stored in central site, then applying data mining algorithms on these data base, patterns are extracted, which is clearly implausible and untenable for many realistic problems and databases. To deal with these complex systems has revealed opportunities to improve distributed data mining systems in a number of ways.This paper describes the system architecture of JAM (Java Agents for Meta-learning), a distributed data mining system that scales up to large and physically separated data sets JAM is an extensible agent-based distributed data mining system that supports dispatch and exchange of agents among participating data sites and meta-learning techniques to combine the multiple models that are learned. A brief description of JADE architecture is also given. Key words: compatibility, distributed data mining, global classifier Reference [1] R. Grossman, S. Baily, S. Kasif, D. Mon, and A. Ramu. The preliminary design of papyrus: A system for high performance. In P. Chan H. Kargupta, editor, Work. Notes KDD-98 Workshop on Distributed Data Mining, pages 37–43. AAAI Press, 1998. [2] Sanjay Kumar Sen, Dr Sujata Dash, Subrat P Pattanayak "AGENT BASED META LEARNING IN DISTRIBUTED DATA MINING SYSTEM". International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp. 342-348. [3] U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro, P. Smyth, and R. Uthurusamy. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Menlo Park, California/Cambridge, Massachusetts / London, England, 1996. [4] Kargupta H., Park B., Hershberger D., Johnson E., Collective Data Mining: A New Perspectiv Toward Distributed Data Analysis. Accepted in the Advances in Distributed Data Mining, H. Kargupta and P. Chan (eds.), AAAI/MIT Press, (1999). [5] Zhang X., Lam C., Cheung W.K., Mining Local Data Sources For Learning Global Cluster Model Via Local Model Exchange. IEEE ntelligence Informatics Bulletin, (4) 2 (2004). Sanjay Kumar Sen, Dr. Subhendu Kumar Pani.	35-38
7.	Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of AISI 1037 Effect of V Notch Shape on Fatigue Life in Steel Beam Made of AISI 1037 Abstract: The present work encompasses Effect of notches with various notch geometries and dimensions on fatigue life in steel beam made of Medium Carbon Steel AISI 1037 which has a wide application in industry. Fatigue life of notched specimens is calculated using the fatigue life obtained from the experiments for smooth specimens and by use Numerical method (FEA).The fatigue experiments were carried out at room temperature, applying a fully reversed cyclic load with the frequency of 50Hz and mean stress equal to zero (R= -1), on a cantilever rotating-bending fatigue testing machine. The stress ratio was kept constant throughout the experiment. Different instruments have been used in this investigation like Chemical Composition analyzer type (Spectromax) , Tensile universal testing Machine type (WDW-100E ) ,Hardness Tester type (HSV- 1000) , Fatigue testing machine model Gunt/ WT140, Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to examine the fracture features . The results show that there is acceptable error between experimental and numerical works . Key words: AISI 1037,Notches , Fatigue Life, S-N curve, FEA Reference [1] Juli A. Bannantine , Jess J. Comer, James, L. Handrok , " Fundamentals of Metal Fatigue Analysis" , prentice hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632. [2] Yung-Lilee, Jwo pan, "Fatigue Testing And Anlysis" , Elsevier printer, 2002. [3] Ralph I. Stephens, Ali Fatemi, " Metal Fatigue In Engineering" , Second Edition , McGraw Hill, 2001. [4] A. Fatemi, , Z. Zeng, A. Plaseied," Fatigue behavior and life predictions of notched specimens made of QT and forged microalloyed steels", International Journal of Fatigue 26 (2004) 663–672R. [5] Guy Pluvinage and MarenglenGjonaj, "Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture ", NATO Advanced Research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. Emad Kadum, Qasim Bder	39-46
8.	CFD Analysis of Solar Air Heater CFD Analysis of Solar Air Heater Abstract: An attempt has been made to carry out CFD based analysis using FLUENT to fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of solar air heater. 3D model of the Solar Air heater involving air inlet, absorber plate, glass, modelled by ANSYS Workbench and the unstructured grid was created in ANSYS. The results were obtained by using ANSYS FLUENT software. This work is done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool with respect to flow and temperature distribution inside the solar air heater. Key words: Solar Energy, Solar Air Heater, Heat transfer, CFD. Reference [1] Dr. A. A. Pawar, Prof. P.W. Ingel, Prof. B. D. Deshmukh, Prof. K. C. Bhosale,"CFD Analysis of solar flat plate collector', Innalternational journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, volume 3, April 2013. [2] Dr J L Bhagoria "CFD Analysis of Square ribs on the Absorber Plate of Solar Air" 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics and Mechatronics Engineering, 17, june-2013. [3] Anil Singh Yadav, J.L.Bhagoria "A CFD Analysis of a Solar Air Heater Having Triangular Rib Roughness on the Absorber Plate" International Conference on Global Scenario in Environment and Energy, 16, march 2013. [4] H.D.Ammari." A mathematical model of thermal performance of a solar air heater with slats", science direct, November-2002. [5] A.A. El-Sebaii , S. Aboul-Enein , M.R.I. Ramadan , S.M. Shalaby , B.M. Moharram "Investigation of thermal performance of-double pass-flat and v-corrugated plate solar air heaters", Science direct, 28 November 2010. Sohel Chaudhari, Mukesh Makwana, Rajesh Choksi, Gaurav Patel	47-50
9.	Review on Analysis of EEG Signals with the Effect of Meditation Review on Analysis of EEG Signals with the Effect of Meditation Abstract: Meditation is proving out to be one of the most universally feasible solutions to the modern day stressful conditions. Varied positive physiological, psychological and spiritual benefits are known to be achieved through meditation. Many researchers previously investigated the effect of meditation on stress relief and disease improvement. The present study deals with the effect of meditation on human brain using electroencephalographic signals (EEG). To obtain new insights into the nature of EEG during meditation, the recorded signals are to be analyzed using wavelet transform. Key words: Daubechies, Electroencephalography, Meditation, Vipassana. Reference [1] Shih-Feng Wang; Yu-Hao Lee; Yung-Jong Shiah; Ming-Shing Young, "Time-Frequency Analysis of EEGs Recorded during Meditation," Robot, Vision and Signal Processing (RVSP), 2011 First International Conference on , vol., no., pp.73,76, 21-23 Nov. 2011 [2] Meditation Practices for Health: State of the Research Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 155, University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, AHRQ Publication No. 07-E010, June 2007 [3] Ahani, A.; Wahbeh, H.; Miller, M.; Nezamfar, H.; Erdogmus, D.; Oken, B., "Change in physiological signals during mindfulness meditation," Neural Engineering (NER), 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on, vol., no., pp.1378,1381, 6-8 Nov. 2013 [4] On, F.R.; Jailani, R.; Norhazman, H.; Zaini, N.M., "Binaural beat effect on brainwaves based on EEG," Signal Processing and its Applications (CSPA), 2013 IEEE 9th International Colloquium on , vol., no., pp.339,343, 8-10 March 2013 [5] D. P. Subha,; P. K. Joseph; R. Acharya; C.M.Lim, "EEG Signal Analysis: A Survey," Springer Science+Business Media, 2008 Prajakta Fulpatil, Yugandhara Meshram	51-53
10.	Discrimination Discovery and Prevention in Data Mining: A Survey Discrimination Discovery and Prevention in Data Mining: A Survey Abstract: Data Mining is the computation process of discovering knowledge or patterns in large data sets. But extract knowledge without violation such as privacy and non-discrimination is most difficult and challenging. This is mainly because of data mining techniques such as classification rules are actually learned by the system from the training data and training data sets itself are biased in what regards discriminatory (sensitive) attributes like gender, race, religion, etc. As a result actual discovery of discrimination situations, practices may be extremely difficult task. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief survey of the researcher's works on discrimination discovery and prevention in the field of data mining. Key words: Discrimination Discovery, Discrimination Measure, Data Mining, Discrimination Prevention, Preprocessing Technique Reference [1] C. Clifton. Privacy preserving data mining: How do we mine data when we aren't allowed to see it? In Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2003), Tutorial, Washington, DC (USA), 2003. [2] D. Pedreschi, S. Ruggieri, and F. Turini, Discrimination-aware data mining. In Y. Li, B. Liu, and S. Sarawagi, editors, Proc. of the ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2008), pages 560–568.ACM, 2008. [3] D. Pedreschi, S. Ruggieri, and F. Turini, Measuring discrimination in socially-sensitive decision records, In Proc. Of the SIAM Int. Conf. on Data Mining (SDM 2009), pages 581–592. SIAM, 2009. [4] F Kamiran, T Calders, Classifying without discriminating, Proceedings of IEEE IC4 International conference on Computer, Control and Communication. (2009a) IEEE Press. [5] S. Ruggieri, D. Pedreschi, and F. Turini, DCUBE: Discrimination discovery in databases In A. K. Elmagarmid and D. Agrawal, editors, Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2010), pages, 1127–1130. ACM, 2010c. Jagriti Singh, Prof. Dr. S. S. Sane	54-57
11.	Performance Analysis of STATCOM under Various Line Faults Performance Analysis of STATCOM under Various Line Faults Abstract: Reactive power control using the static compensator (STATCOM) has more advantageous due to outstanding performance of STATCOM. In transmission and distribution systems, the reactive power control is done by using the STATCOM based on voltage source converter (VSC).STATCOM can supply large amount of VAR's during system faults for voltage support. The STATCOM effects the VSC over currents and trips, during the power system faults when VAR's support is more required. In this paper, we propose and develop an "emergency PWM" strategy to prevent over-currents (and trips) in the VSC during and after single line to ground system faults, LLLG faults and to ensure that the STATCOM supplies required reactive power. System performance during a nonlinear load connected without any fault is also considered. The Simulation results are shown for a 48-pulse VSC based ± 100 MVAR STATCOM connected to a 2- bus power strategy to prevent VSC over-currents and to supply required reactive power under line to ground system faults. Key words: Voltage Source Converter (VSC), STATCOM, Emergency Pulse-width Modulation (PWM), Single line to ground fault. Reference [1]. N.G. Hingorani, "Power Electronics in Electric Utilities: Role Of Power Electronics In Future Power Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 76, pp. 481, 1988. [2]. N.G. Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, "Understanding FACTS: concepts And Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems: IEEE press, 2000. [3]. C. Schauder et aI., "Development of A ±100 Mvar Static Condenser For Voltage Control Of Transmission Systems," IEEE, PES Summer Power Meeting, Paper No. 94 sm 479-6 pwrd, 1994. [4]. C. Schauder et al. "TVA STATCON project: design, installation and Commissioning," CIGRE paper 14-106, 1996 [5]. N.G. Hingorani et al. "Static Condenser – Prototype Application," CIGRE Paper, New Zealand, 1993. Ch. Rajesh, G.Basava Sankara Rao	58-64
12.	Experimental Evaluation of the Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Strategy Application for AI-Madar Telephone Telecommunication Network in Libya Experimental Evaluation of the Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Strategy Application for AI-Madar Telephone Telecommunication Network in Libya Abstract: The great challenge of the remarkably growing demand for personal communication mobile service in Libya has actively motivated Al-Madar Telephone Telecommunication Company to adopt various techniques in order to substantially improve its network capacity. An efficient allocation strategy of communication channels that could ensure good performance of the cellular network is critically needed, given the limited spectrum currently available that uses the Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA) strategy. In this study, experimental investigations were conducted to improve Al-Madar Company network by proposing the evaluation of the adoption of the Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation (LP-DDCA) strategy. The main reasons for proposing the adoption of the LP-DDCA strategy are; to minimize the call blocking probability, enhancing the network performance and increasing the number of network subscribers. This work has been done by applying actual data from an existing cellular network of Al-Madar Company in to the experimental simulation program. The results demonstrated clearly the superiority of the proposed the LP-DDCA strategy in the investigated locations (cells) compared with the currently used FCA strategy. Conclusion: Application of the LP-DDCA strategy could give rise to substantial improvement in Al-Madar telecommunication mobile network performance and it will considerably increase the number of network subscribers. Key words: The Local Packing Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation strategy, Call blocking probability, Al-Madar Company, Mobile Cellular Communication, Mobile Telecommunication Network capacity. Reference [1] Shao Yubin, HuangHuan LongHua YaoShaowen. Performance Analysis of The Minimum Call Blocking Probability For Dynamic Channel Allocation In Mobile Cellular Networks. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference on (Volume.1) Beijing 2000, 269 – 273. [2] Anjlica Malla,Mona El-Kadi,Stephan Olariu and Petia Todorova, "A fair resource allocation protocol for multimedia wireless networks", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol.14, No.4, pp. 63-71, 2003. [3] Junyi Li, Ness B. Shroff, and Edwin K. P. Chong, "Channel carrying: A novel handoff scheme for mobile cellular networks", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.38-50, 1999. [4] J. Yang, D. Manivannan, and M. Singhal, "A Fault-Tolerant Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme for Enhancing QoS in Cellular Networks", in Proc. of TEEE 36th Hawaii Int'l Conf. System Sciences (HICSS-36), pp. 306-315, 2003. [5] Data from Al-Madar Company-Libya. Mohamed Yousef Ahmed Abou-Hussein	65-77
13.	Electromagnetic Field Analysis of the Performance of Single-Phase Capacitor-Run Induction Motor Using Composite Rotor Conductor Electromagnetic Field Analysis of the Performance of Single-Phase Capacitor-Run Induction Motor Using Composite Rotor Conductor Abstract: Single-phase induction motor (SPIM) has very crucial role in industrial, domestic and commercial sectors. So, the efficient SPIM is a major requirement of today's market. For efficient motors, many research methodologies and suggestions have been given by researchers in past. Various parameters like as stator/rotor slot variation, size and shape of stator/rotor slots, stator/rotor winding configuration, choice of core material etc. have significant impact on machine design. Rotor slot geometry influences the distribution of the magnetic field to a degree. Even a little difference of the magnetic field distribution can make big difference on the performance of the induction motor. The rotor slot geometry influences the skin effect and slot leakage flux in order to increase the torque and efficiency. In this paper, three types of rotor slot configurations are designed and simulated with different rotor slot configuration and rotor bars composition by changing the rotor slot configuration of base model. Aluminum and Copper are used simultaneously as rotor winding material. The rotor bar is a composite conductor which carries Aluminum as well as Copper sub-conductors running parallel in the same slot. Overall cross section area of rotor bar in each model kept same and work is carried out with difference proportion of Aluminum and Copper sub conductors. All models are investigated and simulated in FEMM and finally the simulated results are compared for optimal solution. Key words: Single-Phase induction motor, rotor winding, rotor geometry, composite conductor, FEMM. Reference [1] Sobhan Sobhani, Hamid Yaghobi and Mehdi Samakoosh, Optimize Efficiency and Torque in the Single-Phase Induction Motor by Adjusting the Design Parameters, Environment and Electrical Engineering international conference (EEEIC) 2013, 237-241. [2] C. Mademlis, I. Kioskeridis and T. Theodoulidis, Optimization of Single-Phase Induction Motors- Part I: Maximum Energy Efficiency Control, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2005, 187–195. [3] Zhou Rui, Wang Qunjing, Li Guoli, Pang Cong and Fang Guanghui, Optimal Design of Single-Phase Induction Motor Based on MAXWELL 2D Rmxprt, International conference on Electrical machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010, 1367-1370. [4] Meeker D.: Finite Element Method Magnetics, User's manual, Version 4.2 [online at http://www.femm.info/wiki/HomePage], 25 August 2013 [5] S. Williamson and M.J. Robinson, Calculation of Cage Rotor Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters using Finite Elements, IEEE proceedings-B, Electric Power Applications, Vol. 138, No.5, September 1991, 264-276. Mohd Afaque Iqbal, Gurmeet Singh	78-84
14.	Influence of Plan Iregularity on Sesimic Response of Buildings Influence of Plan Iregularity on Sesimic Response of Buildings Abstract: In India various types of buildings such as ground plus 10 stories are constructed in seismic zones. The influence of plan irregularity is examined for 10 storey R.C.C. residential building with different plan configurations. To compare the responses a regular structure is also considered. For seismic analysis of building static analysis as well as dynamic analysis such as response spectrum and time history analysis has been carried out . in time history analysis 3 major Indian earthquakes are considered. The response of building in terms of member forces deflection of top joints are studied. Key words: asymmetric building, seismic analysis, dynamic analysis, time history method Reference [1] Bahador Bagheri, Ehsan Salimi Firoozabad, and Mohammadreza Yahyaei "Comparative Study of the Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storey Irregular Building" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 71 2012 [2] Devesh P. Soni and Bharat B. Mistry" Qualitative Review Of Seismic Response Of Vertically Irregular Building Frames" ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, Technical Note, Vol. 43, No. 4, December 2006, pp. 121-132 [3] IS: 1893 (1)-2002, "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", BIS, New Delhi. [4] Mohammad Ali Hadianfard and Mahdieh Gadami "Seismic Demand Of Steel Structures With Mass Irregularity" Department Of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University Of Technology Journal of Engineering and Technology [5] Poncet, L. and Tremblay, R. "Influence Of Mass Irregularity On The Seismic Design And Performance Of Multi-Storey Braced Steel Frames" 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 2004 Paper No. 2896 P.B.Prajapati, Prof. Mayur G. Vanza	85-89
15.	Evaluation of the Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients in the Culture and Production ofbiosurfactants by MicroalgaSpirulina Evaluation of the Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients in the Culture and Production ofbiosurfactants by MicroalgaSpirulina Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients in the culture and production of biosurfactants by Spirulina platensis LEB 52,Spirulina platensisParacas and Spirulina sp. LEB 18. For this, experiments were performed using Full Factorial Design 2² to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients on the maximum biomass concentration and maximum productivity in the cultures, as well as in production biosurfactant by extracts derived from microalgae through surface tension measurements. The Spirulina platensis LEB 52 provided higher biomass production when compared with the Spirulina platensis LEB 52 andSpirulina platensisParacas, but the phosphorus and nitrogen variables showed no significant influence on the maximum biomass concentration and maximum productivity. The resultds showed that Spirulina sp. LEB 18 was more favorable for the production of biosurfactants in relation to the others strains, because it presented an extract with a surface tension measurement of 31.2 mN.m^-1 in a culture performed with higher concentrations of nitrogen (412 mg.L^-1) and without the addition of phosphorus. Key words: biomass, cyanobacterium, surfactant. Reference [1] A. P. Batista, L.Gouveia, N. M.Bandarra, J. M. Franco, A. Raymundo, Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products, Algal Research, 2, 2013, 164-173. [2] R. B.Derner, S. Ohse, M.Villela,S. M. de Carvalho, R. Fett, Microalgas,produtos e aplicações, Ciência Rural, 36 (6), 2006, 1959-1967. [3] R.Kohari, R.Prasad, V.Kumar, D. P.Singh,Production of biodiesel from microalgae Chlamydomonaspolypyrenoideum grown on dairy industry wastewater, Bioresource Technology, 144, 2013, 499-503. [4] L. Sun, L.Wang, Y.Zhou,Immunomodulation and antitumor activities of different-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Porphyridiumcruentum,Carbohydrate Polymers,87, 2012, 1206-1210. [5] L.Brennan, P.Owende, Biofuels from microalgae-A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2010, 557-577. Lisiane Fernandes De Carvalho, Mariana Souza De Oliveira, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa	90-98
16.	Design and Analysis of a 32 Bit Linear Feedback Shift Register Using VHDL Design and Analysis of a 32 Bit Linear Feedback Shift Register Using VHDL Abstract: This paper proposes a 32 Bit Linear Feedback Shift Register which generates pseudo-random test patterns as the input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The total number of random state generated on LFSR depends on the feedback polynomial. As it is simple counter so it can count maximum of 2n -1 by using maximum feedback polynomial. Here in this paper we implemented 32-bit LFSR on FPGA by using VHDL to study the performance and analysis the behaviour of randomness. The analysis is conceded out to find number of gates, memory and speed requirement in FPGA as the number of bits is increased. Also, the simulation problem for long bit LFSR on FPGA is presented. The design is simulated and synthesized in Xilinx 14.5 ISE and Model Sim 10.1b. Key words: LFSR, FPGA, VHDL Reference [1] Janick Bergeron. Writing testbenches functional verification of HDL Models(2nd Edition).Springer- Verlag-2003. [2] Amit Kumar Panda et.al, "FPGA Implementation of 8, 16 and 32 Bit LFSR with Maximum Length Feedback Polynomial using VHDL," International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2012. [3] Madhusudan Dey, Abhishek Singh, "Design and IP core based implementation of a programmable 8-bits random sequence generator, "In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nuclear Physics, 2009, pp.678-679. [4] Mohammed Gazi.J et.al, "Design of Random Testing Circuit Based on LFSR for the External Memory Interface," International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), vol. 2, issue 3, , pp.145-150, March 2013. [5] P.Bhanuchander et.al, "BIST architecture Implementation Based on Advanced LFSR for testing EMIFs for SRAM," International Journal of Industrial Electrical, Electronics, Control and Robotics (IISRC), vol. 3, issue 5, pp. 1-8 August 2013. Shruti Hathwalia, Meenakshi Yadav	99-102
17.	Aggregation Mechanism for Reducing Schedule Length in Tree Based Wireless Sensor Networks Aggregation Mechanism for Reducing Schedule Length in Tree Based Wireless Sensor Networks Abstract: To Explore and evaluate different techniques using real simulation models under multilevel communication paradigm. Data packets are time scheduled on single frequency channel by minimizing the time slots to complete a CONVERGECAST. Scheduling with transmission power control will diminish the effects of interference. The power control helps in reducing the schedule length under single frequency. Scheduling transmissions using multiple frequencies is more efficient than the single frequency. By providing power bounds in the schedule length interference is eliminated. The proposed algorithm can achieve these bounds. The use of multi frequency scheduling is sufficient to eliminate the interference. The data collection is no longer limited by the interference. To provide a proper solution degree-constrained spanning trees and minimal spanning trees are created. This will provide a significant improvement in scheduling performance. Finally, in a schedule length, the collisions in different interference over different channel models have been evaluated. Key words: Degree-Constrained Routing Trees,Data Centric Approach, Greedy Aggregation, contention-based vs. contention free protocols, DAC tree construction algorithms, Unit Disk Graphs (UDG) Reference [1] A. Ghosh, O. D. Incel, V. A. Kumar, and B. Krishnamachari, "Multi-channel scheduling algorithms for fast aggregated convergecast in sensor networks," in MASS '09, Macau, China. [2] Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Deborah Estrin, Stephen Wicker, "Impact of data aggregation in wireless sensor networks," in: International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS'02) Vienna, Austria, July 2007. [3] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, John Heidemann, "Impact of network density on data aggregation in wireless sensor networks," in: Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Vienna, Austria, July 2005. [4] Chintalapudi and L. Venkatraman, "On the design of mac protocols for low-latency hard real-time discrete control applications over 802.15.4 hardware," in IPSN '08, pp. 356–367. [5] Gopala and H. E. Gamal, "On the Scaling Laws of Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proceedings of the 23 rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM), 2004. M.Karthika, D. Gautham Chakravarthy	103-106
18.	Condition Survey Of Drainage Facilities In Kore Sector Of Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) Phase I, Kano State, Nigeria. Condition Survey Of Drainage Facilities In Kore Sector Of Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) Phase I, Kano State, Nigeria. Abstract: A study was conducted during 2006/2007 irrigation season to assess the condition of drainage facilities of Kore sector in Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) phase I. A total of three hundred and seventy eight field drains and forty six collector drains in the sector were surveyed. The result shows that a total of two hundred and two (202) drains 53.44 % are not functioning (NF) as a result of blockage, cropping, water logging, weed infestation and merger with the rest of the farmland. The number of the drains functioning (F) stand at thirty (30) 7.94 % and one hundred and forty six (146) drains 38.62 % are out of operation because of non existence of irrigation activities due to lack of water reaching those areas which rendered the area to be completely transformed into rainy season farms a such these irrigation and drainage structures are not in place. Key words: Sector, Field drain, Collector drain, Kano River Irrigation Project. Reference [1] Arora, K. R. (2007). Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resource Engineering, Reprinted of 4th edition. Publish by standard publishers Distributors 1705-B NAI SARAK Post box 1066, Delhi -110006 [2] F. A. O. (1993). Quarterly Bulletin of Statistic. Vol. 6 No 2 Foods and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. [3] Fagoyinbo, J. B. and S. Abdulmumin (1991). The problem of poor drainage and its implications in large irrigation schemes in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the 11th National irrigation and drainage saminar Owerri, Nigeria.. Pp 144-1447. [4] IWMI (2004). Comparative India Irrigation Performance. Research report (II) Improving Water and Land Resource Management for Food, Livelihood and Nature. International Water Management Institute [5] Luthin, J. N. (1973). Drainage Engineering. Robert E. Krienger Publishing Co. Inc. Box 542, Hunting, New York 11743 A Salisu, A. A. Abdullahi and M. Audu	107-109
19.	Performance Enhancement of Multi-Output Carry Look-Ahead Cmos Csa Performance Enhancement of Multi-Output Carry Look-Ahead Cmos Csa Abstract: Carry Select Adder (CSA) is solitary of the best ever adders worn in numerous data-processing processors to complete speedy arithmetic functions. From the construction of the CSA, it is lucid that there is scope for sinking the vicinity and clout burning up in the CSA. This adder is based on both a static and compact multi-output carry look-ahead (CSA) circuitof highly area-efficient CMOS carry-select adder (CSA) with a regular and iterative-shared transistor structure very suitable for implementation in VLSI and a very simple select circuit. Comparisons with other representative 32-bit CSAs show that the proposed adder reduces the area. This paper uses a easy and proficient gate-level amendment to drastically diminish the vicinity and power of the CSA. Based on this modification different square-root CSA (SQRT CSA) constructions have been developed and compared with the customary square-root architecture. The projected intend has reduced vicinity and power as compared with the regular Square Root CSA with only a slight increase in the delay. In this paper, conventional CSA is compared with Modified Carry select adder (MCSA), Regular Square Root CSLA (SQRT CSA), Modified SQRT CSA and Proposed SQRT CSA in terms of area, delay and power consumption. The result analysis shows that the proposed structure is better than the conventional CSA. Key words: delay, area , SQRT CSA, VLSI, CMOS, Reference [1] N. Weste and K. Eshragian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Designs: A System Perspective, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1985-1993. [2] Morinaka, H., Makino, H., Nakase, Y. et. al, "A 64 bit Carry Look-ahead CMOS adder using Modified Carry Select". Cz/stoin Integrated Circuit Conference, 1995, pages 585-588 [3] Milos D. Ercegovac and Thomas Lang, "Digital arthimetic," Morgan Kaufmann, Elsevier INC, 2004. [4] W.Jeong and K.Roy, "robust high- performance low power adder",proc,of the Asia and South Pacific Design Automatin Conference,pp.503-506,2003 [5] D.C Chen, L. M. Guerra,E. H. Ng, M. Potkonjak, D.P. Schultz and J. M. Rabaey, "An integrated system for rapid prototyping of high performance algorithm specific data paths," in Proc. Application specific Array Processors, pp.134-148,Aug 1992. K. Ram Babu, N.V.P Naidu Babu, Aditya Putta	110-116
20.	Thermoelectric Power Studies of Ba-Co-Zr Hexagonal Ferrites Thermoelectric Power Studies of Ba-Co-Zr Hexagonal Ferrites Abstract: Thermoelectric Power studies of Ba-Co-Zr ferrites having chemical formula BaCo_xZr_xFe_12-2xO₁₉ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were investigated from room temperature to 200 ⁰C by differential method. The Seebeck Coefficient is negative for all the compositions showing that these ferrites behave as n-type semiconductors. Seebeck coefficient (S) in all the samples is found to increase with increasing temperature. The values of the charge carrier concentration have been computed from the observed values of Seebeck coefficient. On the basis of these results an explanation for the conduction mechanism in Ba-Co-Zr mixed ferrites is suggested. Key words: Seebeck coefficient, Charge Carrier Concentration, Ba-Co-Zr ferrites. Reference [1] Z. Simsa, S. Lego, R. Gerber, E. Pollert, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144 (1995) 2103. [2] G. Mendoza-Suarez, J.C. Corral Hiracuz, M.E. Contreras-Garica, H. Jucarez-Medina, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 234 (2001) 73. [3] Z. Simsa, Czech.J.Phys. B16 (1966) 919. [4] V.D.Reddy, M.A. Malik, P.V. Reddy, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 8(1991)295. [5] T.E. Wall, N. Salerno, Y. Proykova, K.A. Miraz, S. Mazen, Philos.Mag. B53 (1985) 107. Ch. Venkateshwarlu, P. Vijaya Bhasker Reddy, D. Ravinder, Ch. Gopal Reddy	117-121
21.	A Novel High Performance Implementation of 64 Bit MAC Units and Their Delay Comparison A Novel High Performance Implementation of 64 Bit MAC Units and Their Delay Comparison Abstract: A novel high performance 64 bit Multiplier-and-Accumulator (MAC) is implemented in this paper.MAC plays a vital role in most of the digital signal processing (DSP).The MAC unit is designed using vedic,braun,dadda multiplier and carry save adder hence, compared with performance of MAC unit using Wallace multiplier and carry save adder.In gate level Verilog hdl used for coding digital circuits using tool Xilinx ISE 10.1i and target family Spartan 3E,Device- XC3S500,speed -5,package: FG320.The synthesized for the proposed digital circuits. Key words: Carry save adder,Digital signal processing (DSP),multiplier and accumulator (MAC),Verilog-HDL. Reference [1] P.jagadeesh"Design ofHigh Performance 64 bit MAC Unit" 2013 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2013]. [2] W.J. Townsend, E.E. Swartzlander Jr., and J.A. Abraham, "A Comparison of Dadda and Wallace Multiplier Delays, "Proc. SPIE, Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations XIII, pp. 552-560, 2003. [3] M.H. Rais, M.H. Al Mijalli, "Braun's multipliers: Spartan-3AN based design and implementation", J. Comput. Sci., vo. 7, no. (11), pp.1629-1632, 2011. [4] L. Dadda, "Some Schemes for Parallel Multipliers," Alta Frequenza,vol. 34, pp. 349-356, 1965. [5] C.S. Wallace, "A Suggestion for a Fast Multiplier," IEEE Trans.Electronic Computers, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 14-17, Feb. 1964. Kandimalla Rajaneesh, M.Bharathi	122-127
22.	Mitigation of PAPR in OFDM Using the Combination of Discrete Cosine Transform-II and Partial Transmit Sequence Techniques Mitigation of PAPR in OFDM Using the Combination of Discrete Cosine Transform-II and Partial Transmit Sequence Techniques Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a peculiar case of multicarrier transmission technique for high speed data transmission over multipath fading channels. The high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of the most detrimental aspects in the OFDM system, as it degrades the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter. Discrete Cosine Transform-II (DCT-II) is a less complex and distortion less method used to mitigate the PAPR. In this paper, a combination of Discrete Cosine Transform-II and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) is used to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted OFDM signal and results are compared with DCT-II and normal OFDM signal. Simulation results show that the combination of DCT-II and PTS shows better PAPR reduction. Key words: CCDF, DCT-II, OFDM, PAPR, PTS Reference [1] Y. Wu and W. Y. Zou, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: A multi-carrier modulation scheme, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 41(3), Aug 1995, 392–399. [2] S. H. Han, J. H. Lee, An overview of peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for Multicarrier transmission, IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, 2005. [3] M. M. Hasan, S. S. Singh, An Overview of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM Systems, International Journal of Computer Applications, 60(15), December 2012. [4] S. Cha, M. Park, S. LEE, K. J. Bang, D. Hong, A new PAPR reduction technique for OFDM systems using advanced peak windowing method, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 54(2), July 2008, 405-410. [5] J. Tao, Z. Guangxi, Z. Jianbin, Block Coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers, Journal Of Electronics, 21(6), nov 2004. Ramanjeet Kaur, Charanjit Singh, Amandeep Singh	128-132
23.	Crack Identification in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Ansys Software Crack Identification in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Ansys Software Abstract: Analytical determination of displacements and stresses in reinforced concrete material was difficult task and engineers had to rely on empirical formulas because concrete consists of heterogeneous material and creep and shrinkage influenced deformations in it. Due to these complexities engineers in past had been facing difficulties in coping such problems, but with the advancement of digital computerization and modern numerical methods for analysis such as finite element method, these problems can be addressed in a very efficient way. There were two ways to carry out modelling in ANSYS software, one was smeared approach and the other one was discrete. In the past, Smeared approach was used to identify the cracks in RC beam using ANSYS but in this work it was extended using discrete approach of modelling and shear cracks were identified in RC beam and load deflection curve was simulated which showed good agreement with the experimental results. Beams, made of brittle materials like concrete or cement, show increasing crack development during their service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings. This local damage can be translated into a reduction of the local bending stiffness. Stiffness modifications, while assuming constant mass distribution, can be observed by monitoring the vibration behaviour of the beam. In this paper the modal parameters of an undamaged beam are monitored and compared with the vibration behaviour of the beam subjected to controlled damaging. Selected stiffness parameters in the finite element model are adjusted in such a way that the computed modal quantities match the measured quantities. FEMtools has been used to establish a damage distribution in beams associated with increasing stress patterns. State of the art scanning laser modal equipment has been used for this purpose. It has been found that modal updating is indeed a possible tool to reconstruct the damage patterns. Key words: Crack Identification, Reinforced Concrete Beams, Ansys Software Reference [1]. M. Y. H. Bangash, Concrete and Concrete Structures: Numerical Modeling and Applications, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., London (1989). [2]. Y. Hemmaty, "Modeling of the shear force transferred between cracks in reinforced and fibre reinforced concrete structures," in: Proc. of the ANSYS Conf., Vol. 1, Pittsburgh, PA (1998). [3]. ANSYS 8.0 Manual Set, ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA (1998). [4]. ANSYS Theory Reference, Seventh Edition, Swanson Analysis Systems (1998). [5]. ANSYS – Engineering Analysis System. Theoretical Manual (for ANSYS Revision 8.04), Swanson Analysis Systems (1998). T. Subramani, R. Manivannan, M. Kavitha	133-141
24.	Fem Modelling and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section with Light Weight Blocks Infill Fem Modelling and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Section with Light Weight Blocks Infill Abstract: In an attempt to reduce the self weight of reinforced concrete structures, a new development of lightweight sandwich reinforced concrete (LSRC) section has been proposed as an alternative option to solid section. LSRC section is a reinforced concrete section which contains lightweight blocks as infill material. An experimental investigation into the strength of LSRC beams has shown promising results under flexural tests. To ensure the serviceability of LSRC members under service load, it is necessary to accurately predict the cracking and deflection of this section. This paper will focus on analysing the behaviour of the tested beam specimens after cracking occurs. ANSYS 12.1 was employed to study the crack propagation of LSRC beams under bending. The numerical model shows the crack in the area of AAC blocks which associates with the brittle failure of LSRC beams. The crack propagation of the beams analysed by ANSYS agrees well with the results from the experimental investigation. In structural design, an ideal situation in material saving is to reduce the weight of the structure without having to compromise on its strength and serviceability. A new lightweight sandwich reinforced concrete section has been developed with a novel use of lightweight concrete as infill material. The section, namely LSRC section, is suitable for use as beam or slab members. Experimental investigations into the strength of beams with LSRC section shows promising results under both flexural and shear tests. Based on the test results, the flexural capacity of LSRC beams was found to be almost identical to the capacity of the equivalent solid beam. The shear capacity of the LSRC beams was expectedly reduced due to the low compressive strength of the lightweight concrete infill material. ANSYS 12.1 was employed to develop three dimensional nonlinear finite element models of LSRC beams and was verified against the experimental results. Key words: Fem Modelling, Analysis, Reinforced Concrete Section, Light Weight Blocks Infill Reference [1]. Abbadi A, Koutsawa Y, Carmasol A, Belouettar S, Azari Z (2009). Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Panels. Simul. Model. Pract. Theor. 17:1533-1547. [2]. Ahmad SG, Xie Y, Yu T (1995). Shear Ductility of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams of Normal Strength and High Strength Concrete. Cement Concr. Compos. 17:147-159. [3]. Aldejohann M, Schnellenbach M (2003). Investigation on the shear capacity of biaxial hollow slabs-Test results and evaluation. Darmstadt Concr..18:532-545. [4]. ANSYS Theory Reference, version 12.1 (2010). Swanson Analysis System, available at Curtin University. [5]. AS3600 Committee BD-002 (2009). Concrete Structures. Standards Australia. pp. 110-113. T. Subramani, D. Sakthi Kumar, S. Badrinarayanan	142-149
25.	Dynamic Analysis of Flanged Shear Wall Using Staad Pro Dynamic Analysis of Flanged Shear Wall Using Staad Pro Abstract: Earthquakes demonstrate vulnerability of various inadequate structures, every time they occur. The lessons taught from the aftermath of earthquakes and the research works being carried out in laboratories give better understanding about the performance of the structure and their components. Damage in reinforced concrete structures was mainly attributed to the inadequate detailing of reinforcement, lack of transverse steel and confinement of concrete in structural elements. Typical failures were brittle in nature, demonstrating inadequate capacity to dissipate and absorb inelastic energy. This necessitates a better understanding of the design and detailing of the reinforced concrete structures under various types of loading. An extensive description of previous studies on the underlying theory and the application of the finite element method to the linear and nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures is presented in excellent state of-the-art reports by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1982 [ASCE 1982]. The results from the FEA are significantly relied on the stress-strain relationship of the materials, failure criteria chosen, simulation of the crack of concrete and the interaction of the reinforcement and concrete.Because of these complexity in short- and long-term behavior of the constituent materials, the ANSYS finite element program introduces a three-dimensional element Solid65 which is capable of cracking and crushing and is then combined along with models of the interaction between the two constituents to describe the behavior of the composite reinforced concrete material. Although the Solid 65 can describe the reinforcing bars, this study uses an additional element, Link8, to investigate the stress along the reinforcement because it is inconvenient to collect the smear rebar data from Solid 65. Key words: Dynamic Analysis, Flanged Shear Wall, Staad Pro Reference [1]. ACI Committee 318 (2002), "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02)", American Concrete Institute, [2]. ASCE (1982), "State-of-the-Art Report on Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete", ASCE Special Publication, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. [3]. ASCE Standard (2002), "Seismic evaluation of existing buildings", ASCE 31- 03. [4]. Barbosa, A.F. and Ribeiro, G.O (1998), "Analysis of reinforced concrete structures using ANSYS nonlinear concrete model", Computational Mechanics, New Trends and Applications, Barcelona, Spain, pp1-7. [5]. El-Amoury, T. and Ghobarah, A (2002), "Seismic rehabilitation of beam-column joint using GFRP sheets", Engineering Structures, 24(11), pp 1397-1407. T. Subramani, B. Saravanan, J. Jayalakshmi	150-155
26.	Analysis of Three Dimensional Horizontal Reinforced Concrete Curved Beam Using Ansys Analysis of Three Dimensional Horizontal Reinforced Concrete Curved Beam Using Ansys Abstract: Reinforced concrete horizontally curved beams are extensively used in many fields, such as in the construction of modern highway intersections, elevated freeways, the rounded corners of buildings, circular balconies,….etc. In some of these cases, large depths are needed for curved beams in order to resist high loads or to fulfill some aesthetic purposes. The analytical analysis of such members is very complex due to the fact that those members are subjected to combined action of bending, shear and torsion. Furthermore, non homogeneous nature of the materials involved contributes to the complexity of the problem. Therefore, it becomes necessary to employ numerical analysis procedures, such as the finite element method, to satisfy the safety and the economy requirements.A horizontally curved beam, loaded transversely to its plane, is subjected to torsion in addition to bending and shear. Furthermore, in deep beam the plane section does not remain plane after bending because of high stresses and warping occurs. Therefore, special features of analysis and design for horizontally curved deep beams is necessary to include the effect of above mentioned factors. Several methods of collapse analysis (Khalifa 1972, Jordaan et al. 1974, Badawy et al. 1977, Hsu et al. 1978, and Abul Mansur and Rangan 1981. ) were proposed for analysis of specific cases of reinforced concrete curved beams. However, till yet studies concerning reinforced concrete horizontally curved deep beams are rare. At present, with the application of digital computers beside the development of numerical methods, the mathematical difficulties associated with curved deep beam have been largely overcome. One of the most effective numerical methods utilized for analyzing reinforced concrete members is the finite element method. Using this method, many aspects of the phenomenological behaviour of reinforced concrete structures can be modelled rationally. These aspects include the tension-stiffening, non-linear multiaxial material properties, modelling of cracking and crushing, and many other properties related to the behaviour of reinforced concrete members under stresses. An important utilization of the finite element method is the modelling of the degradation of concrete compressive strength in the presence of transverse tensile straining as happens in members subjected dominantly to torsion or shear stresses. Therefore, the present study adopted a three dimensional non-linear finite element model to investigate the behaviour and the load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete horizontally curved deep beams. Key words: Analysis , Three Dimensional, Horizontal Reinforced Concrete, Curved Beam, Ansys Reference [1]. Al- Shaarbaf, I.A.S., 1990, "Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Torsion", PH. D. Thesis. University of Bradford, U.K. [2]. Al- Tameemi, H.A.A., 2005, "Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Horizotally Curved Deep Beams", M.Sc. Thesis. University of Kufa. [3]. Al-Mahiadi. R.S.H., 1979, "Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams", Report No. 79, Dept. of Structure Engineering, Cornell University. [4]. Badawy, H.E.I, Jordaan, I.J., and McMullen, A.E., 1977 "Effect of Shear on Collapse of Curved Beams", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST9, Proc. Paper 13185, September, pp. 1849-1866. [5]. Carlos A.F., 2004, "Introduction To Finite Element Methods", Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciencesand Center for Aerospace StructuresUniversity of Colorado, U.S.A. T. Subramani, M. Subramani, K. Prasath	156-161
27.	A Comparative Analysis of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM System A Comparative Analysis of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation Techniques for MIMO-OFDM System Abstract: Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used to form multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels to increase the capacity by a factor of the minimum number of transmit and receive antennas. In this paper, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for MIMO channels (MIMO-OFDM) is considered for wideband transmission to mitigate intersymbol interference and enhance system capacity. In this paper performance analysis of channel estimation through different algorithms for estimating channel using BPSK modulation scheme are investigated for different channel delay spread. The estimation of channel at pilot frequencies is based on Least Square, Minimum mean square channel estimation algorithm. We have compared the performances of these two channel estimation algorithm by measuring bit error rate Vs SNR. Minimum Mean Square estimation has been shown to perform much better than Least Square channel estimation algorithm. Key words: Delay Profile, Channel Estimation, Least Square, MIMO-OFDM, Minimum Mean Square Reference [1] H. Sampath, S. Talwar, J. Tellado, V. Erceg and A. Paulraj, "A fourth-generation MIMOOFDM broadband wireless system: design, performance and field trial results" IEEE Communications Magazine, No. 9, pp. 143- 149, Sep., 2002. [2] Y. Zhao and A. Huang, "A novel channel estimation method for OFDM Mobile Communications Systems based pilot signal and transform domain processing," in Proc. IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conf., Phoenix, USA, May 1997, pp. 2089–2093. [3] Changyong Shin, Heath, R.W., Powers, E.J., "Blind Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems" Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on volume:56 , no.2, pp.670-685, March 2007. [4] G. L. StÄuber, J. R. Barry, S. W. Mclaughlin, Y. Li, M. A. Ingram and T. G. Pratt, "Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 271-294, Feb. 2004. [5] Y. Li, "Simplified channel estimation for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas," IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 67-75, Jan. 2002. Avinash Sahu, Dr. Anubhuti Khare	162-167
28.	Preparation and Characterization of Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺:Li₂O-LiF-B₂O₃-ZnO Optical Glasses Preparation and Characterization of Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺:Li₂O-LiF-B₂O₃-ZnO Optical Glasses Abstract: A transparent base glass in the chemical composition Li₂O-LiF-B₂O₃-ZnO (LBZ) has successfully been prepared also a couple of transition metal (Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺) ions doped into this glass matrix have also been done for their further analysis. Structural (XRD, FTIR & Raman) and thermal (TG-DTA) properties and also absorption spectrum of LBZ glass have been analyzed. Optical absorption, photoluminescence (excitation & emission) spectra of Ti³⁺ & Cr³⁺:Li₂O-LiF- B₂O₃-ZnO and their spectral assignments, dielectric ( & tan) and conductivities (ac & dc) have also been undertaken. The XRD profile of the host glass confirms its amorphous nature. Weight loss in the precursor sample powder, glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystalline temperature (Tc) have been identified from the TG-DTA profiles. FTIR and Raman spectra of the host glass show vibrational bands of B-O from [BO₃] and [BO₄] units and Li-O. The absorption spectrum of Cr³⁺: LBZ glass has shown two bands at 412 nm (⁴A_2g (F) T_1g (F)) and 579 nm (⁴A_2g (F) ⁴T_2g (F)). In respect of Ti³⁺: LBZ glass, only one broad band at 490 nm (²B_2g²B_1g) has been measured. From the optical absorption spectral positions, their crystal field (Dq) and the Racah (B & C) interaction parameters have been evaluated. Dielectric constant and losses (' and tan) of all three glasses have been studied in the frequency range from 1Hz to 1M Hz at room temperature and computed conductivities (ac and dc). Key words: Cr³⁺ & Ti³⁺ glasses and Dielectric analysis Reference [1] S.M. Kaczmarek, Li2B4O7 glasses doped with Cr, Cu, Eu & Dy, Opt. Mater., 19 (2002)189 -194. [2] A. Srinivasa Rao, J. Lakshmana Rao, R. Ramakrishna Reddy, T.V.Ramakrishna Rao, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical absorption spectra of Cr(III) ions in alkali cadmium borosulphate glasses, Opt Mater., 4 (1995) 717-721. [3] Shaweta Mohan, Kulwant Singh Thind, Gopi Sharma, Leif Gerward, Spectroscopic investigations of Nd3+ doped fluro-and chloro borate glasses, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 70 (2008) 1173-1179. [4] Kang III Cho, Sun Hwa Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Yang Kuk Sun, Relationship between glass network structure and conductivity of Li2O-B2O3-P2O5 Solid electrolyte, Electrochimica Acta, 52 (2006) 1576-1581. [5] R. Balaji Rao, Rosario A. Gerhardt & N. Veeraiah, Spectroscopic characterization conductivity and relaxation anomalies in Li2O-mgO-B2O3 glass system: Effect of Nickel ions, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 69 (2008) 2813-2826. L. Vijayalakshmi, V. Naresh, R. Ramaraghavulu, B.H. Rudramadevi and S. Buddhudu	168-176
29.	Quality Costs (IRR) Impact on Lot Size Considering Work in Process Inventory Quality Costs (IRR) Impact on Lot Size Considering Work in Process Inventory Abstract: Economic order quantity model and production quantity model assume that production processes are error free. However, variations exist in processes which result in imperfection particularly in high machining environments. Processes variations result in nonconformitiesthat increase quality costs in the form of rework, rejects and quality control techniques implementations to ensure quality product delivery. This paper is an attempt towards development of inventory model which incorporate inspection, rework, and rejection (IRR) quality costs in optimum lot size calculation focusing work in process inventory. Mathematical model is derived for optimum lot size based on minimum average cost function using analytical approach. This new developed model (GTOQIRR) assume an imperfect production environment. Numerical examples are used to visualize the significant effect of quality cost in the proposed model in comparison to the previously developed models. The proposed model is highly recommendable for quality based high machining manufacturing environments considering work in process inventories. Key words: WIP inventory; EOQ model; quality cost; lot size; GTOQ model. Reference [1] Rosenblatt, M.J. and Lee, H.L.(1986), Economic production cycle with imperfect production processes. IIE Transaction, 18, pp. 48-55. [2] Sarker, B.R., Jamal, A.M.M., and Mondal, S. (2007) Optimum batch size in a multi stage production system with rework consideration. European Journal of Operational Research, 184 (3). pp. 915- 929. [3] Gupta, T. and Chakraborty, S. (1984)Looping a multistage production system. International Journal of Production Research, 222 (2), pp. 299-311. [4] Jamal A.M.M., Sarker, B.R., and Mondal, S. (2004)Optimum manufacturing batch size with rework process at a single stage production system. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 47 (1), pp. 77-89. [5] Biswas, P. and Sarker, B.R. (2008). Optimal batch quantity models for a lean production system with in-cycle rework and scrap. International Journal of Production Research, 46 (23), pp. 6585-6610. Misbah Ullah, Chang W. Kang	177-183
30.	Comparative Design of 16-Bit Sparse-Tree Rsfq Adder Comparative Design of 16-Bit Sparse-Tree Rsfq Adder Abstract: In this paper, we propse 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adder (Rapid single flux quantam), kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple carry adder s(slow adders compare to other adders), and carry lookahead adders(area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most of industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder, Our prefix sparse tree adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. We simulate and synthesis different types of 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adders using Xilinx ISE10.1i tool, By using these synthesis results, We noted the performance parameters like number of LUT's and delay. We compare these three adders interms of LUT's represents area) and delay values. Key words: digital arithmetic, RSFQ adder, kogge-stone adder ,carry operator, prefix adder. Reference [1] P.M Kogge and H. S. Stone, "A parallel algorithm for the efficient solution of a general class of recurrence equations," IEEE Trans. Computer, vol.C-22, no. 8, pp. 786-793, Aug .1973. [2] S. Mathew, M. Anders, R. K. Krishnamurthy, and S. Borkar, "A 4-GHz 130-nm address generation unit with 32-bit sparse-tree adder core," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 689–695, May 2003. [3] A. G. M. Strollo and E. Napoli, "A fast and area efficient complimentary pass-transistor logic carry-skip adder," in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Microelectron., Sep. 1997, vol. 2, pp. 701–704. [4] O. A. Mukhanov, S. V. Rylov, V. K. Semonov, and S. V. Vyshenskii, "RSFQ logic arithmetic," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 857–860, Mar. 1989. [5] Z. J. Deng, N. Yoshikawa, J. A. Tierno, S. R. Whiteley, and T. van Duzer, "Asynchronous circuits and systems in superconducting RSFQ digital technology," in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Adv. Res. Asynchronous Circuits Syst., Apr. 1998, pp. 274–285. S. Saddam Hussain, S. Mahaboob Basha	184-188
31.	Speed Ratio Prediction and Performance Analysis of Single Ball Traction Drive for CVT Speed Ratio Prediction and Performance Analysis of Single Ball Traction Drive for CVT Abstract: Drives are basically used to transmit power and speed from the prime mover to the machine. The power transmission and speed reduction between the prime-mover and the driven machine can be achieved by using conventional drives like Belt drive, Rope drive, Chain drive, Gears, etc. with their numerous advantages and disadvantages. There are many machines and mechanical units that under varying circumstances make it desirable to be able to drive at a barely perceptible speed, an intermediate speed or a high speed. Thus an infinitely variable (step less) speed variation in which it is possible to get any desirable speed. Some mechanical, hydraulic, drives serve as such step less drives. However the torque versus speed characteristics of these drives do not match torque at low speeds. Hence the need of a step less or infinitely variable speed drive came into existence. The drive presented by the end of this research work is single ball traction drive for continuously variable transmission systems. Dissertation includes the brief history of existing drives, speed prediction methodology and performance analysis of the drive developed. Key words: Analysis, Ball, CVT, IVT, Traction Reference [1] Abu-Jadayil W.M. and Mohsen M.S., "Design and Manufacturng of Self Actuating Traction Drives with Solid and Hollow Rollers", Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 4, Number 4, September 2010 [2] Bdran S., Saifullah S. and Shuyuan M., "An overview on control concepts of Push-Belt CVT", IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 4, August 2012 [3] Carter, J. and Miller, D., "The Design and Analysis of An Alternative Traction Drive CVT", SAE Paper 2003-01-0970, 2003 [4] Cotrell J., "Assessing the Potential of a Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission for Wind Turbines", A National Laboratory of U.S. Department of Energy, Conference Paper, NREL/CP-500-38212, 2005 [5] Coy J.J., Rohn D.A. and Loewenthal S.H., "Life Analysis of Multiroller Planetary Traction Drive", NASA, Technical Paper 1710, Technical Report 80-C-16, 1981 Kunal S. Marathe, Vishnu D. Wakchaure	189-197
32.	Safety Preservation and Reliability Enhancement of 3M By Applying Varied Friction Methodology Safety Preservation and Reliability Enhancement of 3M By Applying Varied Friction Methodology Abstract: A general trend shows that while purchasing equipment or a machine and using them it is taken as sacrosanct that the parts / assembly or the mechanism installed are free from any defect and no improvement is required there in. However it's not true always and now a days this has been taken up with at most concern to raise a pertinent question whether this is the optimum output from the component/assemblies fitted and being used. Present paper is based on the above subject and deals with one of the assemblies fitted on a heavy earth moving machinery known as Walking Dragline (Ransome and Rapier, made in UK) operating in Jayant OCM one of the biggest coal mines in Asia. The component placed on the Boom structure of the machinery in question was a fixed one and subjected to static friction because of coming into contact with heavy duty steel wire ropes (2 numbers) in moving conditions. The impact of the wire ropes on the component was so heavy that it was taking only a few months to get the static wooden log worn out resulting into heavy loss to both the components on one hand, crores of rupees of revenue loss in production in addition to very high safety hazard because of their fitment/replacement at a height of 40 meters from the ground to which lifting by even general duty crane was not possible, thus to be handled by manually at times Giving a serious thought to the problem and considering a possible solution that can't the existing component fitted originally with the boom structure of the machine subjected to the static friction be replaced by a rolling friction component? With a positive answer to this problem the proposed adopted methodology undergoes two steps: first removal of the component that is wooden log under the static friction and second design, fabrication and installation of two no. of rollers to withstand the impact of heavy duty steel wire ropes. The comparison between the proposed and existing was carried out on various parameters such as cost, maintenance friendliness, safety and reliability concerned with 3M i.e. man, machine & material. Key words: Walking Dragline Machine, Wooden Log, rollers, steel wire, ropes, friction, 3M- Man, Machine and Material. Reference [1] Northern Coal Fields Limited, Jayant Project, Reference No. JNT/DGM/OE/88/267 Dated 12/09/1988. [2] Northern Coal Fields Limited, Jayant Project, Reference No. JNT/GM/PM's/92/123 Dated 29/06/1992. [3] G Lumley, "Reducing the variability in Dragline Operator Performance", Coal operators conference University of Wollongong & the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005, Page 97-106. [4] H-Bartasiewicz, "Wear of Dragline wire Ropes", Coal operators conference University of Wollongong & the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005, Page 153-160. [5] Lei Zhang, Leng Han, Y ujun Wang, Tiantu Zhao, Xian Xun,Massao Nagasaki,"The variability of Mechanical Properties and Moleculer conformation among different Spider Drag line fibres", Fibres and Polymers Vol. 14 No. 7 Page 1190-1195. Ram Kumar Singh, Ajay Raj Singh, Pushpdant Jain	198-201
33.	Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System For Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System For Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Abstract: In this study an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used for rainfall-runoff modeling for the Dharoi sub-basin, India. Different combinations of rainfall were considered as the inputs to the model, and runoff was considered as the output. Input space partitioning for model structure identification was done by grid partitioning. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of back-propagation and least-squares estimation was used to train the model for runoff estimation. The optimal learning parameters were determined by trial and error using Triangular membership function. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) were used for selecting the best performing model. Key words: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) modeling, Dharoi sub-basin, Rainfall-Runoff Reference [1] Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8 (3), 338–353. [2] Mahabir, C.; Hicks, F.E. and Robinson F. A.(2003). "Application of fuzzy logic to forecast seasonal runoff". Hydrological Process, 17:3749-3762. [3] Jang, J.-S.R., Sun, C.-T., 1995. Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control. Proceedings IEEE 83 (3), 378–406. [4] Loukas, Y.L .(2001). "Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: an instant and architecture-free predictor for improved QSAR studies". J Med Chem 44(17):2772 2783. [5] Nayak, P.C., Sudheer, K.P., Rangan, D.M. and Ramasastri, K.S. (2004). "A neuro-fuzzy computing technique for modelling hydrological time series". J. Hydrology, 291 : 52-66 Ratansharan Panchal, Dr. T. M. V. Suryanarayana, Dr. F. P. Parekh	202-206
34.	An Analysis of Transducer Mass Loading Effect Inshaker Testing An Analysis of Transducer Mass Loading Effect Inshaker Testing Abstract: Modal Analysis has been a developing science in the experimental evaluation of the dynamic properties of the structures. Frequency Response Function (FRF) is one of the major steps in modal analysis. Measured frequency response functions (FRFs) are used to extract modal parameters. It is also known that the accuracy and the reliability of various analyses using the measured FRFs depend strongly on the quality of measured data. It is well known that the quality of measured frequency response functions (FRFs) is adversely affected by many factors, most significant sources being noise and systematic errors like mass loading effects of transducers. A transducer mounted on a vibrating system changes the dynamics of the structure due to the addition of extra mass and introduces errors into measured FRFs. One problem with this is the production of unrealistic results, which cause the measured resonant frequencies to be less than the correct values. These errors also lead to incorrect prediction of modal parameters. In many situations, the mass loading effect is ignored in the analytical and experimental process, based on a usual assumption that the transducer mass is negligible compared to that of the structure under test. However, when light-weighted structures are investigated, this effect can be significant. This paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of transverse vibration of fixed free beam and investigates the modal frequency. Mass loading effect of accelerometer is studied on the cantilever beams by varying the masses of accelerometer. In this work, experimental modal testing of a cantilever beam has been performed to obtain modal frequencies. The beam is excited by using Electrodynamics Shaker Excitation Technique, which provides forced vibrations. These modal parameters are then checked using finite element method which is found to comply with the experimental results. The range of applications for modal data is vast and includes checking modal frequencies, to understand dynamic structural behavior for trouble-shooting, verifying and improving analytical models. Key words: Frequency Response Function, Modal Analysis, modal parameters, mass loading effects, Shaker Testing etc. Reference [1] Shusheng Bi, JunRen, Wei Wang, Guanghua Zong, "Elimination of transducer mass loading effects in shaker modal testing," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2013. [2] O. Cakar, K.Y. Sanliturk, "Elimination of transducer mass loading effects from frequency response functions,"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing19 (1) (2005) 87–104. [3] J.M.M. Silva, N.M.M. Maia, A.M.R. Ribeiro, "Cancellation of mass-loading effects of transducers and evaluation of unmeasured frequency response functions,"J. Sound Vib.236 (5) (2000) 761–779. [4] D.J. Ewins, "Modal Testing: Theory and Practice", Research Studies Press, England, 1984. [5] D.J. Ewins, "Modal Testing: Theory", Practice and Applications, 2nd ed. Research Studies Press, England, 2000. A. D. Karle, S.K.Bhoite, A. B. Amale	207-212
35.	Information Transmission System Based On a Light Sensor Information Transmission System Based On a Light Sensor Abstract: This paper describes a novel light-sensor-based information transmission system with particular benefits for mobile and wearable computers. Fluorescent light is used as the medium to transmit information which is in encoded form and receiver receives the encoded light information through a photoreceiver. The information is passed into the wearable or mobile computer after the data are decoded. This information allows positioning information to be given to indoor mobile and wearable computers. Key words: fluorescent lamp, wearable computer. Reference [1] A. R. Golding and N. Lesh, "Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors," in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Wearable Comput. 1999, pp. 29–36. [2] W. Elenbaas, Fluorescent Lamps. New York: Macmillan, 1971. [3] J.M.Senior Optical Fiber Communications, Principles and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992. [4] "Li-Fi: Data through Light', The Institute of Engineers, Technorama Magazine, Vol. 62, pp. 41, December 2012. [5] "Visible-light communication: Tripping the light fantastic: A fast and cheap optical version of Wi-Fi is coming', The Economist, dated 28 Jan 2012. Sonali Waje, Sandip Rahane	213-215
36.	Linear Regression and Anova Modelling Tool When Turning of EN 24 / EN 31 Alloy Steel Linear Regression and Anova Modelling Tool When Turning of EN 24 / EN 31 Alloy Steel Abstract: In any machining process, apart from obtaining the accurate dimensions, achieving a good surface quality and maximized metal removal are also of utmost importance. A machining process involves many process parameters which directly or indirectly influence the surface roughness and metal removal rate of the product in common. Surface roughness and metal removal in turning process are varied due to various parameters like feed, speed and depth of cut are important ones. Extensive study has been conducted in the past to optimize the process parameters in any machining process to have the best product. Current investigation on turning process is a Linear Regression Methodology (LRM) applied on the most effective process parameters i.e. feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while machining alloy steels as the two types of work pieces with HSS cutting tool in dry environment. The main effects (independent parameters), quadratic effects (square of the independent variables), and interaction effects of the variables have been considered separately to build best subset of the model. Four levels of the feed, four levels of speed, four levels of the depth of cut, two different types of work materials have been used to generate readings in a single set. After obtaining the data from the experiments, LR is calculated using the existing formulae. To analyze the data set, statistical tool ANOVA has been used to reduce the manipulation and help to arrive at proper improvement plan of the manufacturing process & techniques. A comparison between the observed and predicted data was made, which shows a close relationship. Key words: Linear Regression Methodology (LRM), Turning, ANOVA. Reference [1] MahendraKorat and NeerajAgarwal " Optimization of Different Machining Parameters of En24 Alloy Steel In CNC Turning by Use of Taguchi Method" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.160-164 [2] RavinderTonk and Jasbir Singh Ratol "Investigation of the Effects of the Parametric Variations in Turning Process of En31 Alloy" International Journal on Emerging Technologies 3(1): pp.160-164(2012) [3] Aggarwal, A. and Singh, H; "Optimization of Machining Techniques- A retrospective and literature review", Sadhna Vol. 30, Part 6, pp.699-711 (2005). [4] Ghosh, S, Murugan, B. and Mondal, B., "An approach for process parameter optimization of hard machining while machining the hardened steel", Journal of scientific and Industrial research, Vol. 68, pp. 686-695(2009). [5] Groover and Mikell "Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing", 3rd Edition Prentice hall, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 491-504 (1996). Deepak.P, B.R. Narendra Babu, Dr. K. Chandrashekara	216-221
37.	Generation of Electricity Using Solid Waste Management in Krishnagiri Municipalty Generation of Electricity Using Solid Waste Management in Krishnagiri Municipalty Abstract: The electricity sector in India supplies the world's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting for 3.4% of global energy consumption by more than 17% of global population. About 65.34% of the electricity consumed in India is generated by thermal, 21.53% by hydroelectric power plants, 2.70% by nuclear power plants and 10.42% by Renewable Energy Sources. More than 50% of India's commercial energy demand is met through the country's vast coal reserves. The country has also invested heavily in recent years in renewable energy utilization, especially wind energy. Four major economic and social drivers characterize the energy policy of India: a rapidly growing economy, increasing household incomes, limited domestic reserves of fossil fuels and the adverse impact on the environment of rapid development in urban and regional areas. Meanwhile, the rural areas are struggling with a chronically tight supply of electrical power. In order to properly manage the changing conditions, knowledge and estimation of the available resources and applying their relation with the population is of utmost importance. The paper deals with extraction of such information with the help of spatial techniques. This paper deals with estimation of the amount of solid waste generated by a part of the Krishnagiri city using spatial techniques. Solid waste management is one of the most essential functions in a country to achieve a sustainable development. In India, it has been one of the least prioritized functions during the last decades. The most common ways to treat waste in India today are open dumping and uncontrolled burning. These methods are causing severe environmental pollution and health problems. India is one of the world‟s largest emitter of methane gas from waste disposal. Since methane is a strong greenhouse gas, even small emissions have large impact on the climate. Like most municipalities in India, COK has experienced difficulties keeping in pace with last decades‟ industrialization, resulting in insufficient collection of municipal solid waste and over burdened dumpsites. Another consequence of the rapid industrialization is the increased demand for electricity. Today there is not enough installed capacity of power stations in Krishnagiri to meet this demand, leading to daily power cuts. This project will give an overview of the current waste used to generate electricity situation in Krishnagiri and analyze whether Hydro air Tectonics should build this combustion unit or if they should sell the generated RDF to industries. The result will be presented in a case study. The garbage has several nutrients and hence can be advantageously processed to produce many bye products and end products viz. gas, electricity and also organic manure which is highly suited for organic farming. Key words: Hydroelectric Power Plants, Cropping Intensity, Krishnagiri , Environmental Pollution . Rapid Industrialization. Reference [1]. Alamgir, M. & Ahsan, A. (2007). Municipal solid waste and recovery potential: Bangladesh perspective. Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng.,4 (2), 67 76. [2]. Alam, M. R. & Sohel, M. H. (2008). Environmental management in Bangladesh—A study on municipal solid waste management system in Chittagong. Chittagong: University of Chittagong. [3]. Akter, N., Rahman, M. & Sharmin, L. (2010). Medical waste management at Rajshahi city corporation publicprivate partnership model development: A collaborative effort on medical waste Management in Bangladesh (Baseline and status report). Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology, 6 (2), 173-186. [4]. Ali, A. (2011). Faulty Solid Waste Management in Rajshahi City: Dumping in Open Space Poses Health Hazard to Dwellers. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.bangladesh2day.com/newsfinance/2010/February/11/Faulty-solid-waste-management-in-Rajshahicity. php [5]. Ahsan, M. (2011). Govt Plans to Double Power Price by 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2011, from http://www.defence.pk/forums/ bangladesh-defence/72150-power-sector-bangladesh-5.html T.Subramani, R. Murugan	222-232
38.	A Blower-Like Approach to Predict the Effectiveness of Vaccines in a TB Dynamic A Blower-Like Approach to Predict the Effectiveness of Vaccines in a TB Dynamic Abstract: In this paper we present an extension of an automata approach proposed by S. Blower (1998) to describe the tuberculosis progression in a bi-dimensional space. In our extended model, the vaccination was included as an inhibitory variable in order to study its influence on the behavior of the tuberculosis spread. Our simulations showed that the earlier the vaccine is administered in the population, the lower the number of infected individuals, as expected for an in vivo system. However, our results also indicated that although the usual vaccination processes help reducing the strength of infection, the disease is not extinct, remaining the endemic state at low levels. These results strongly suggest that further actions are needed to increase the effectiveness of immunizations. Key words: Simulation, epidemic, tuberculosis, cellularautomata. Reference [1] ANDERSEN, P; DOHERTY.The success and failure of BCG implications for a novel tuberculosis vaccine.Nature, 662, vol. 3, august, 2005. [2] ANDERSEN, P. Tuberculosis vaccines —an update, Nature 2007 v-5. [3] BARRETO, M.L; PEREIRA, S.M; FERREIRA, A.A. BCG vaccine: efficacy and indications for vaccination and revaccination. Journal of Pediatrics, 3, vol 82, 2006. [4] BLOWER, S; PORCO, T..Quantifying the intrinsic transmission dynamics of tuberculosis.Theorical Population Biology: 1998,v 54: 117–132. [5] BLOWER, S; ZIV, E; DALEY, C.Early therapy for latent tuberculosis infection. American Journal of Epidemiology 153 (2001), 381–385. Carlos Frederico Fronza, Janio Anselmo, Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques, Guilherme Brasil Pintarelli, Alexandre De Castro	233-238
39.	Analysis of the Small Wind Turbine Blade with and Without Winglet Analysis of the Small Wind Turbine Blade with and Without Winglet Abstract: This paper deals with the experimental verification the small wind turbine blade with and without winglet. Winglet is smaller portion to be added in the end of blade and measured its noise and performance. In the experiments the output power of generator is increased about 2.01% and noise level is reduced 25% in the winglet blade respectively compared with the without winglet blade. In addition, the experimental values the performances of the blades were compared with the CFD, Noise Analyzer are used. Key words: CFD, Noise, Output power, Performance, Small Wind Turbine Blade, Winglet, Reference [1] Arvind Singh Rathore, and Siraj Ahmed, "Design and Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor" International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 3 No. 11 November 2011. [2] H. V. Mahawadiwar, V. D. Dhopte, P.S. Thakare, Dr. R. D. Ashedkar "CFD Anaysis of Wind Turbine Blade", International Journa of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-June 2012, pp.3188-3194. [3] M. Jureczko, M. Pawlak, A. Mezyk, "Optimization of wind turbine blades", Journal of Materials Processing Technology 167 (2005) 463–471. [4] NitinTenguria, Mittal. N.D, Siraj Ahmed, "Design and Finite element analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind turbine blade" International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Volume 1, No 3, 2010. [5] Z.L. Mahri, M.S. Rouabah, "Calculation of dynamic stresses using finite element method and prediction of fatigue failure for wind turbine rotor" Wseas Transactions On Applied And Theoretical Mechanics, Issue 1, Volume 3, January 2008. Aravindkumar. N	239-243