Peer Reviewed Journal

Every Speed Breaker Is A Source Of Power

Abstract: Electricity in India, is a big problem which is faced by people who reside in the country. Electricity is the form of energy, Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, we use kerosene lamps, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal burning stoves. Direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be transmitted over much greater distances than direct current. Generating electricity by speed breakers is innovative and useful concept. Researches show that the world has already had its enough Shares of its energy resources. Fossil fuels pollute the environment. Nuclear energy requires careful handling of both raw as well as waste material. The focus now is shifting more and more towards the renewable sources of energy, which are essentially, nonpolluting. Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy. And this paper is best source of energy that we get in day to day life. This paper is presenting the study of electricity generation through the speed breaker mechanism.

Key words: ac: alternating current, dc: direct current, generation, lead acid battery, speed breaker.

Reference
[1] Shakun srivastava, Ankit Asthana, "Produce electricity by the use of speed breakers,"jornal of Engineering research and studies,Vol2,No.1 April-June2011.
[2] Khalid Md. Bahauddin, Tariq Md. Salahuddin, "Prospect and trend of renewable energy and its technology towards climate change mitigation and sustainable development in Bangladesh", international journal of advanced renewableenergy research, Vol1. no.3, pp.14-45, 2012.
Books:
[1] Mukherjee D. Chakrabarti . "Fundamentals of renewable energy system", New Age International Limited Publishers New Delhi.
[2] K.R.Padiyar, "Power System Dynamics & Control", Interline Publishers Bangalore.
[3] P.M.Anderson and A.A. Fouad, "Power System Control & Stability", Galgotia Publication.

Anti-Corrosive Effect of Tridax Procumbens – Zn²⁺ System Controlling the Corrosion of Carbon Steel

Abstract: The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract Tridax Procumbens(TP) in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel aqueous medium containing 60 ppm of chloride ions in absence and presence of Zn²⁺ has been studied by weight loss method. The formulation consisting of 1 ml of Tridax Procumbens extract and 150 ppm of Zn²⁺ offers 96% inhibition efficiency. The synergistic effect exists between Tridax Procumbens and Zn²⁺ system. Polarization study shows that the Tridax Procumbens – Zn²⁺ system function as a cathodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film formed on the surface. The Adsorption equilibrium exhibited better fit to Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich isotherm. FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists of Fe²⁺-Tridax Procumbens and Zn(OH)₂.

Key words: Carbon steel, Tridax Procumbens, Corrosion inhibitor, Inhibition efficiency, protective fil

Reference
[1] A. Y. El-Etre, Inhibition of aluminum corrosion using Opuntia extract, Corrosion Science, 45(11), 2003, 2485–2495.
[2] M. Bouklah and B. Hammouti, Thermodynamic characterisation of steel corrosion for the corrosion inhibition of steel in sulphuric acid solutions by Artemisia, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 24, 2006, 457–468.
[3] E. E. Oguzie, Inhibition of acid corrosion of mild steel by Telfaria occidentalis extract, Pigment and Resin Technology, 34(6), 2005, 321–326.
[4] E. E. Oguzie, Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of Azadirachta indica in acid solutions, Pigment and Resin Technology, 35(6), 2006, 334–340.
[5] E. E. Oguzie, Studies on the inhibitive effect of Occimum viridis extract on the acid corrosion of mild steel, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 99(2), 2006, 441–446.

Design and Development of a Domestic Biscuit Cabinet Tray Dryer

Abstract: A locally made biscuit cabinet dryer to be operated in homes was designed and developed to prepare biscuits in Nigeria homes. A thorough study of the imported dryer for home use was done. Design drawings and calculations were established and the machine was fabricated with well selected materials and components all sourced locally. The 714mm x 574mm x 984mm box shaped cabinet was constructed using mild steel and fiber glass was used as insulator to control heat loss by conduction The performance of the fabricated cabinet tray dryer was finally evaluated against an imported cabinet tray dryer in using a t-test analysis at 95% confidence level, and the result showed that there is no significant difference between the locally fabricated and the imported dryers.

Key words: Dryer, Machine, Temperature, Dry basis.

Reference
[1.] AOAC (200), Official Method Analysis, Association of official Analytical Chemist. Arlington V.A, USA..
[2.] Donald, P., and Leighton S. (1998),Heat Transfer, Second Edition, Schaum's outline series: McGraw Hill, New York. pp 20-23
[3.] Desrosier, N. W., (1970),The Technology of Food Preservation,Marcel Dekker Inc. 475-480.
[4.] Karel, M.,(1975), Freeze Dehydration of Foods, Principles of Food Science. Part II.
[5.] Masters, K., (1985), Spray Drying Handbook, Halsted Press, New York.

Strategies for Mining Web Logs: A Survey

Abstract: With the expansion of e-commerce and mobile-based commerce, the role of web user on World Wide Web has become pivotal enough to warrant studies to further understand the user's intent, navigation patterns on websites and usage needs. Using web logs on the servers hosting websites, site owners and in turn companies can extract information to better understand and predict user's needs, tailoring their sites to meet such needs. Through this paper, an effort is being made to analyze and survey few of the popular web log mining strategies.

Index Terms: web usage mining, web access pattern, WAP, path traversal, TSP.

Reference
[1] Ezeife, C. I., & Lu, Y. (2005). Mining Web log sequential patterns with position coded pre-order linked WAP-tree. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 10,5–38.
[2] Facca, F. M., & Lanzi, P. L. (2005). Mining interesting knowledge from Weblogs: A survey. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 53, 225–241.
[3] Lee, Y.-S., & Yen, S.-J. (2007). Incremental and interactive mining of Web traversal patterns. Information Sciences, 178(2), 278–306.
[4] Li, H.-F., Lee, S.-Y., & Shan, M.-K. (2006). DSM-PLW: Single-pass mining of path traversal patterns over streaming Web click-sequences. Computer Networks, 50,1474–1487.
[5] Pei, J., Han, J., Mortazavi-Asl, B., Wang, J., Pinto, H., Chen, Q., et al. (2004). Mining sequential patterns by pattern-growth: The prefixspan approach. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16(10), 1–17.

An Automated Tool for Optimization of FMS Scheduling With Meta Heuristic Approach

Abstract: The evolutions of manufacturing systems have reflected the need and requirement of the market which varies from time to time. Flexible manufacturing systems have contributed a lot to the development of efficient manufacturing process and production of variety of customized limited volume products as per the market demand based on customer needs. Scheduling of FMS is a crucial operation in maximizing throughput, reducing the wastages and increasing the overall efficiency of the manufacturing process. The dynamic nature of the Flexible Manufacturing Systems makes them unique and hence a generalized solution for scheduling is difficult to be abstracted. Any Solution for optimizing the scheduling should take in to account a multitude of parameters before proposing any solution. The primary objective of the proposed research is to design a tool to automate the optimization of scheduling process by searching for solution in the search spaces using Meta heuristic approaches. The research also validates the use of reward as means for optimizing the scheduling by including it as one of the parameters in the Combined Objective Function. A complex machining operations configured in a FMS having 6 Machines with 3 different setups manufacturing 3 different parts, each having 9 possible routes is used as test case to validate the proposed approach. Three different Meta Heuristic approaches like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) are used to optimize the scheduling process. A Graphical User Interface is designed using Matlab to automate the entire approach.

Key words: Flexible Manufacturing System; Scheduling; MATLAB GUI Tool; Genetic Algorithm; Differential Evolution and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm

Reference
[1] Veeranna.V, "Some Studies on optimum design of flexible manufacturing system layout", P.hd. thesis, JNTU, Hyderabad, 2004
[2] Koren, Y.U.A., "Reconfigurable manufacturing systems:Key to future manufacturing"., Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 2000. 11(4)
[3] Swagatam Das1, Arijit Biswas1, Sambarta Dasgupta1, and Ajith Abraham"Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm: Theoretical Foundations, Analysis, and Applications"
[4] French, S, "Sequencing and Scheduling: An introduction to the mathematics of Job-Shop", Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester. (1982)
[5] Durgesh Sharma, Suresh Garg, Chitra Sharma ".Effect of Scheduling rules on performance of Semi Automated Flexible Manufacturing System" Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, (2012). Volume-4 Issue-I

Significant Implementation of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation for OFDM Technique

Abstract: During the last few years, the progress in wireless communication is widely increasing to mitigate the ever increasing demand of higher data rates. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) techniques using more densely packed carriers, thus achieving higher data rates using similar channels. This paper discusses the channel estimation in OFDM and its implementation using MATLAB for pilot based block type channel estimation techniques by LS and MMSE algorithms. This paper starts with comparisons of OFDM using BPSK and QPSK on different channels, followed by modeling the LS and MMSE estimators on MATLAB. In the end, results of different simulations are compared to conclude that LS algorithm gives less complexity but MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results.

Key words: OFDM, Channel Estimation, LS, MMSE

Reference
[1] L.Cimini "Analysis and Simulation of a digital mobile channel using OFDM", IEEE trans. on communication, Vol. 33, pp.665-675, July 1985.
[2] K.Fazel and G.Fettwis, "Performance of an Efficient Parallel Data Transmission System", IEEE Trans. Communication, pp. 805-813, Dec-1967.
[3] J. J Van de Beck, O. Edfors, M.Sandell, S.K. Wilson and P.O.Borjesson, "On channel Estimation in OFDM systems" in proc. IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Confer., Chicago, Jul-1995, pp.-815-819
[4] "A study of Channel Estimation in OFDM systems", IEEE 56thVehicular Technology conference.
[5] Yuping Zhao, Aiping Huang , "A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transform domain processing " , IEEE VTC, Vol.-3, May-1997.

Low Power Dynamic Logic Ripple Carry Adder Using Footed Diode Domino Logic

Abstract: In recent electronic devices power saving has more importance than any other thing. Dynamic logic circuits are one of the basic power efficient circuits which comes into picture when dealt with low power. Dynamic logic circuits operate mainly in two phases, namely Pre-charge and evaluate phase. Domino logic circuits are more power efficient and cooperatively faster circuits which operate on the above two phases. For extremely low power applications footed diode domino logic is applied. This paper mainly deals with design of Dynamic logic circuit design based on footed diode domino logic with reduction in power and leakage current. In this proposed circuit we put a diode on the foot of domino logic circuit which results in power reduction as compared to reported and conventional domino logic. We are using NMOS as a diode and due to this extra diode (NMOS), in pre-charge period leakage current reduce due to stacking effect. Approximately 32% of power is saved using footed diode domino logic. For Simulation we are using tanner tool at 180nm technology.

Key words: Fulladder, Footed diode domino logic, Pseudo dynamic logic, Ripple carry adder, Stacking effect

Reference
[I] M. Anders, S. Mathew, B. Bloechel, S. Thompson, R. Krishnamurthy,K. Soumyanath, S. Borkar, A 6.5 GHz 130 nm single-ended dynamic ALU and instruction-scheduler loop, IEEE ISSCC (2002), pp. 410-411.
[2] Xu-guang Sun, Zhi-gang Mao, Feng-chang Lai, A 64 bit parallel CMOS adder for high performance processors, in: Proceedings of the IEEE ASia-Pacific Conference on ASIC, 2002, pp. 205-208.
[3] R.H. Krambeck, C. M. Lee, H.-F.S. Law, High-speed compact circuits with CMOS,IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, SC-17 (3) (1982).
[4] Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective, (3rd ed.) Addison-Wesley (2004).
[5] Tyler Thorp, Dean Liu, Pradeep Trivedi, Analysis of blocking dynamic circuits, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems (2003), pp. 744-749.

Modified Approach for Hiding Secret Data and Improving Data Embedding Capacity

Abstract: Security of the secret information has been a challenge when the large amount of data is exchanged on the internet. A secure transfer of information can be very much achieved by steganography and Cryptography. Steganography is a tool for hiding information inside an image. Cryptography is a tool which provides encryption techniques for secure communication. In the traditional steganograhy techniques principle was either to replace a special part of the frequency components of the carrier image, or to replace all the least significant bits of a multi-valued image with the secret information. Our new steganography uses an image as the carrier data, and we embed secret information in the bit-planes of the carrier. This technique makes use of the characteristics of the human vision system whereby a human cannot perceive any shape information in a very complicated binary pattern. We can replace all of the ―noise-like‖ regions in the bit-planes of the carrier image with secret data without deteriorating the image quality.

Key words: Bit Plane, BPCS, Hybrid Cryptography, LSB, Modified BPCS, Steganography.

Reference
[1] Yeshwanth srinivasan "high capacity data hiding system using Bpcs steganography"
[2] Abhishek Patidar Gajendra Jagnade Laxmi Madhuri Pranay Mehta Ronak Seth," Data Security Using Cryptosteganography in Web Application" 2012
[3] Eiji Kawaguchi and Richard O. Eason, "Principle and Applications of BPCS-Steganography", Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan–University of Maine, Orono, Maine
[4] Lip Yee Por, Delina Beh, Tan Fong Ang, and Sim Ying Ong" An Enhanced Mechanism for Image Steganography Using Sequential Colour Cycle Algorithm" Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010
[5] Sheetal Mehta, Kaveri Dighe, Meera Jagtap, Anju Ekre," Web Based BPCS Steganography"

Optimization of Process Parameters in Turning of AISI 8620 Steel Using Taguchi and Grey Taguchi Analysis

Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the optimization of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) for surface roughness and metal removal rate in turning of AISI 8620 steel using coated carbide insert. Experiments have been carried out based on Taguchi L₉ standard orthogonal array design with three process parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut for surface roughness and metal removal rate. The objective function has been chosen in relation to surface roughness and metal removal rate for quality target. Optimal parameters contribution of the CNC turning operation was obtained via grey relational analysis. The analysis of variance is applied to identify the most significant factor. Experiment with the optimized parameter setting, which has been obtained from the analysis, are giving to validate the results.

Key words: Grey relational analysis, Material removal rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi orthogonal array.

Reference
[1] Nian C.Y., et al "Optimization of turning operations with multiple performance characteristics", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 95, 1999, pp. 90-96.
[2] Noordin M.Y., et al "Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045 steel", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 145, 2004, pp. 46–58.
[3] Kirby E. D., et al "Development of a fuzzynets- based in-process surface roughness adaptive control system in turning operations", Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 30, 2006, pp. 592– 604.
[4] Nalbant M., et al "Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning", Materials and Design, Volume 28, 2007, pp. 1379–1385.
[5] Arya D.M., et al "Parametric optimization of mig process parameters using taguchi and grey taguchi analysis" IJREAS, Volume 3, Issue 6, 2013, pp.1-17.

Influence of Wall Position on Flow Characteristics of an Impinging Jet

Abstract: The study intends physical insight into heterogeneous phenomena of efflux from a small opening impinging on a surface. The work aims at understanding the role of wall location and orientation on flow characteristics of an impinging jet. Experiments were performed on an existing cascade tunnel with flow ejected at a velocity of 37 m/s from a small opening of (30 cm × 9 cm) and corresponding flow features were analyzed. Results show that outside the core region, the flow experiences a monotonic reduction with increase in distance along streamline and radial direction. The orientation of wall is more efficient in bringing substantial change when placed closer to the exit (low velocity losses). The wall orientation primarily governs the chances of strong flow deflection or back flow losses. Wall placed far away from exit results in diminishing returns with a critical value beyond which the flow characteristics become insensitive of wall orientation.

Key words: Efflux, shear interaction, vortices, wall jets, wall orientation, wall location.

Reference
[1] M. B. Glauert., "The wall jet," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, pp. 625–643, 1956.
[2] Gardon. R., Akfirat J. C., "Heat transfer characteristics of impinging two dimensional air jets," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 88, 101-108, 1966.
[3] Kercher. D. M., Tabakoff, W., "Heat Transfer by a Square Array of Round Air Jets Impinging Perpendicular to a Flat Surface Including the Effect of Spent Air," J. Eng. Power, 92, 73-82, 1970.
[4] Martin H., "Heat and mass transfer between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces," Adv. in Heat Transfer, 13, 1-60, 1977.
[5] Sparrow, E.M., Alhomoud, A., "Impingement heat transfer at a circular cylinder due to an offset or non offset slot jet," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 27, 2297- 2307, 1984.

Modifying Authentication Techniques in Mobile Communication Systems

Abstract: Milenage algorithm applies the block cipher Rijnadael (AES) with 128 bit key and 128 bit block size. This algorithm is used in the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (f1, f1*, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5*) for mobile communication systems (GSM/UMTS/LTE). In this paper a modification of Milenage algorithm is proposed through a dynamic change of S-box in AES depending on secret key. To get a new secret key for every authentication process we add the random number (RAND) transmitted from the authentication center (AUC) to the contents of the fixed stored secret key (Ki) and thus the initialization of the AES will be different each new authentication process . For every change in secret key a new S-box is derived from the standard one by permuting its rows and columns with the help of a new designed PN sequence generator. A complete simulation of modified Milenage and PN sequence generator is done using Microcontroller (PIC18F452). security analysis is applied using Avalanche test to compare between the original and modified Milenage . Tests proved that the modified algorithm is more secure than the original one due to the dynamic behavior of S-box with every change of the secret key and immunity against linear and differential cryptanalysis using Avalanche tests. This makes the modified Milenage more suitable for the applications of authentication techniques specially for mobile communication systems.

Key words: Authentication vector (AV), Modified MILENAGE Algorithm for AKA Functions (F_1,F₁*,F_2,F_3,F_4,F_5,F₅*), AES ,Dynamic S-BOX and PN Sequence Generator(LFSR).

Reference
[1] P. Kitsos*, N. Sklavos, O. Koufopavlou ―UMTS security: system architecture and hardware implementation‖ in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.-May 2007.-Issue (4):Vol. (7).-pp. 483-494.
[2] Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS 197), "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ", 26 Nov. 2001.
[3] J. Daemen and V. Rijmen, The blocks cipher Rijndael, Smart Card research and Applications, LNCS 1820, Springer-Verlag, pp. 288-296.
[4] Reshma Nadaf and Veena Desai ―Hardware Implementation of Modified AES with Key Dependent Dynamic S-Box‖ IEEE ICARET 2012.
[5] Valterri Niemi and Kaisa Nyberg ―UMTS security‖. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, the Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, ISBN 0-470-84794-8, 2003.

Design of a New AC–DC Single-Stage Full-Bridge PWM Converter with Two Controllers

Abstract: Single phase power factor correction ac-dc converters are widely used in industry for ac-dc power conversion from single phase ac mains to an required output dc voltage. In case of high power application these types of converter use an ac-dc boost converter followed by dc-dc converter. These converters has the features of excellent input power factor, continuous input and output currents, and intermediate dc bus voltage and reduce the number of semiconductor devices for such cost-effective applications.

Index terms: AC–DC power conversion, bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converter, full-bridge converters, pulse-width modulated (PWM), single-stage converters.

Reference
[1] J. P. R. Balestero, F. LessaTofoli, R. C. Fernandes, G. V. Torrico-Bascopéand F. J. M. de Seixas, "Power factor correction boost converter based on the three-state switching cell," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 3,pp. 1565–1577, Mar. 2012.
[2] F. Zhang and J. Xu, "A novel PCCM boost PFC converter with fastdynamic response," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 4207–4216, Sep. 2011.
[3] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "A novelZVZCS full-bridge DC/DC converter used for electric vehicles," IEEETrans. Power Electron, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2752–2769, Jun. 2012.
[4] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "ZVSinterleaved boost AC-DC converter used in plug-in electric vehicles,"IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3513–3529, Aug. 2012.
[5] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "Anonlinear optimal control approach based on the control-Lyapunov functionfor an AC-DC converter used in electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Ind.Informat., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 596–614, Aug. 2012.

Single phase AC-DC power factor corrected converter with high frequency isolation using buck converter

Abstract: Single phase ac-dc converters having high frequency isolation are implemented in buck, boost, buck-boost configuration with improving the power quality in terms of reducing the harmonics of input current. The paperpropose the circuit configuration, control mechanism, and simulation result for the single phase ac-dc converter.

Index terms: AC-DC converter, harmonic reduction high frequency transformer, power quality converter, power factor corrected converter.

Reference
[1]. Y. Jang, M. M. Jovanovic, and D. L. Dillman, "Soft-switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ZVS two-switch forward converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1600–1606, Nov. 2006.
[2]. D. Dong, L. Shengnan, M. Xikui, and C. K. Tse, "Slow-scale instabilityof single-stage power-factor-correction power supplies," IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst. I: Regular Papers, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1724–1735, Aug.2007.
[3] E. Adib and H. Farzanehfard, "Family of zero-current transition PWMconverters," IEEETrans. Ind. Electron. vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 3055–3063,Aug. 2008.
[4] D. D.-C. Lu, H. H.-C. Iu, and V. Pjevalica, "Single-stage AC/DCboost–forward converter with high power factor and regulated busand output voltages," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 6, pp.2128–2132, Jun. 2009.
[5] S. Singh and B. Singh, "Power quality improvement in a PMBLDCMdrive using a forward buck converter," Int. J. Eng. Inf. Tech. (IJEIT),vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 32–38, Mar. 2010.

Single Phase Online UPS Design Using Three Leg Converters

Abstract: The single phase online UPS integrate with the three leg type converter which operate with battery charger and the inverter. The first leg controls the ability of charging battery. The third leg controls the output voltage. The common leg is used to control the line frequency. The battery charger has the ability of making the correction of power factor during the battery charging. The inverter is used to maintain the output voltage and to limit the output current. The main feature of the three leg converter is used to reduce the number of switching devices. So that the system has the low value of power loss and low cost.

Index terms: battery charger, uninterrupted power supply, power factor correction.

Reference
[1] S. J. Chiang, T. S. Lee, and J. M. Chang, "Design and implementationof a single phase three-arms rectifier inverter," Proc. IEE—Elect. PowerAppl., vol. 147, no. 5, pp. 379–384, Sep. 2000.
[2] T. Uematsu, T. Ikeda, N. Hirao, S. Totsuka, T. Ninomiya, and H.Kawamoto, "A study of the high performance single phase UPS," inProc. IEEE PESC'98, 1998, pp. 1872–1878.
[3] I. Ando, I. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Ikchara, "Development of ahigh efficiency UPS having active filter ability composed of a three armsbridge," in Proc. IEEE IECON'97, 1997, pp. 804–809.
[4] I. Youichi, I. Satoru, T. Isao, and H. Hitoshi, "New power conversiontechnique to obtain high performance and high efficiency forsingle-phase UPS," in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annu. Meeting, 2001, pp.2383–2388.
[5] H. Pinheiro, R. Blume, and P. Jain, "Space vector modulation for singlephase on-line three-leg UPS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation, 2000, pp. 679–689.

Single Phase Transformer Based Inverter For Nonlinear Load Application Using PI Controller

Abstract: The paper presents a single phase transformer based inverter for nonlinear load application using PI controller. A capacitive full bridge circuit is used to provide instant current under nonlinear load conditions and thereby reducing the harmonics. A new proportional plus integral controller for inverter control is proposed to eliminate the dc current component, and steady state error under heavy load applications. The proposed controllers consist of PI controller act as voltage controller and DC offset canceller. The experimental result derived by using the MATLAB software.

Reference
[1] D. Dah and C. Lu, "Synthesis of single phase DC/AC inverters," ProcIEEE ICIEA, pp. 1922–1926, 2007.
[2] K. S. Low, "A digital control technique for a single-phase PWM inverter,"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 672–674, Aug.1998.
[3] R. I. Bojoi, L. R. Limongi, D. Roiu, and A. Tenconi, "Enhanced power quality control strategy for single-phase inverters in distributed generationsystems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 3, pp.798–806, Mar. 2011.
[4] N. M.Abdel-Rahimand J. E. Quaicoe, "Analysis and design of a multiplefeedback loop control strategy for single-phase voltage-sourceUPS inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 11, no. 4, pp.532–541, Jul. 1996.
[5] E. R. da Silva, W. R. dos Santos, C. B. Jacobina, and A. C. Oliveira,"Single-phase uninterruptible power system topology concepts: Applicationto an universal active filter," in Proc. 2011 IEEE ECCE Conf.,2011, pp. 3179–3185.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Every Speed Breaker Is A Source Of Power Every Speed Breaker Is A Source Of Power Abstract: Electricity in India, is a big problem which is faced by people who reside in the country. Electricity is the form of energy, Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, we use kerosene lamps, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal burning stoves. Direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be transmitted over much greater distances than direct current. Generating electricity by speed breakers is innovative and useful concept. Researches show that the world has already had its enough Shares of its energy resources. Fossil fuels pollute the environment. Nuclear energy requires careful handling of both raw as well as waste material. The focus now is shifting more and more towards the renewable sources of energy, which are essentially, nonpolluting. Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy. And this paper is best source of energy that we get in day to day life. This paper is presenting the study of electricity generation through the speed breaker mechanism. Key words: ac: alternating current, dc: direct current, generation, lead acid battery, speed breaker. Reference [1] Shakun srivastava, Ankit Asthana, "Produce electricity by the use of speed breakers,"jornal of Engineering research and studies,Vol2,No.1 April-June2011. [2] Khalid Md. Bahauddin, Tariq Md. Salahuddin, "Prospect and trend of renewable energy and its technology towards climate change mitigation and sustainable development in Bangladesh", international journal of advanced renewableenergy research, Vol1. no.3, pp.14-45, 2012. Books: [1] Mukherjee D. Chakrabarti . "Fundamentals of renewable energy system", New Age International Limited Publishers New Delhi. [2] K.R.Padiyar, "Power System Dynamics & Control", Interline Publishers Bangalore. [3] P.M.Anderson and A.A. Fouad, "Power System Control & Stability", Galgotia Publication. N. N. Ghuge, Arati Sathe, Varsha Patil, Anagha Warankar	01-05
2.	Anti-Corrosive Effect of Tridax Procumbens – Zn²⁺ System Controlling the Corrosion of Carbon Steel Anti-Corrosive Effect of Tridax Procumbens – Zn²⁺ System Controlling the Corrosion of Carbon Steel Abstract: The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of an aqueous extract Tridax Procumbens(TP) in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel aqueous medium containing 60 ppm of chloride ions in absence and presence of Zn²⁺ has been studied by weight loss method. The formulation consisting of 1 ml of Tridax Procumbens extract and 150 ppm of Zn²⁺ offers 96% inhibition efficiency. The synergistic effect exists between Tridax Procumbens and Zn²⁺ system. Polarization study shows that the Tridax Procumbens – Zn²⁺ system function as a cathodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film formed on the surface. The Adsorption equilibrium exhibited better fit to Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich isotherm. FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists of Fe²⁺-Tridax Procumbens and Zn(OH)₂. Key words: Carbon steel, Tridax Procumbens, Corrosion inhibitor, Inhibition efficiency, protective fil Reference [1] A. Y. El-Etre, Inhibition of aluminum corrosion using Opuntia extract, Corrosion Science, 45(11), 2003, 2485–2495. [2] M. Bouklah and B. Hammouti, Thermodynamic characterisation of steel corrosion for the corrosion inhibition of steel in sulphuric acid solutions by Artemisia, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 24, 2006, 457–468. [3] E. E. Oguzie, Inhibition of acid corrosion of mild steel by Telfaria occidentalis extract, Pigment and Resin Technology, 34(6), 2005, 321–326. [4] E. E. Oguzie, Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of Azadirachta indica in acid solutions, Pigment and Resin Technology, 35(6), 2006, 334–340. [5] E. E. Oguzie, Studies on the inhibitive effect of Occimum viridis extract on the acid corrosion of mild steel, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 99(2), 2006, 441–446. C. Kumar, R. Mohan, A. John Amalraj, A. Peter Pascal Regis, C. Rajarathinam, S.K. Selvaraj, Sakthivel and J. Wilson Sahayaraj	06-12
3.	Design and Development of a Domestic Biscuit Cabinet Tray Dryer Design and Development of a Domestic Biscuit Cabinet Tray Dryer Abstract: A locally made biscuit cabinet dryer to be operated in homes was designed and developed to prepare biscuits in Nigeria homes. A thorough study of the imported dryer for home use was done. Design drawings and calculations were established and the machine was fabricated with well selected materials and components all sourced locally. The 714mm x 574mm x 984mm box shaped cabinet was constructed using mild steel and fiber glass was used as insulator to control heat loss by conduction The performance of the fabricated cabinet tray dryer was finally evaluated against an imported cabinet tray dryer in using a t-test analysis at 95% confidence level, and the result showed that there is no significant difference between the locally fabricated and the imported dryers. Key words: Dryer, Machine, Temperature, Dry basis. Reference [1.] AOAC (200), Official Method Analysis, Association of official Analytical Chemist. Arlington V.A, USA.. [2.] Donald, P., and Leighton S. (1998),Heat Transfer, Second Edition, Schaum's outline series: McGraw Hill, New York. pp 20-23 [3.] Desrosier, N. W., (1970),The Technology of Food Preservation,Marcel Dekker Inc. 475-480. [4.] Karel, M.,(1975), Freeze Dehydration of Foods, Principles of Food Science. Part II. [5.] Masters, K., (1985), Spray Drying Handbook, Halsted Press, New York. Abiola Olufemi Ajayeoba, Samson Olusegun Fatukasi, Olawale Waliyi Awotunde	13-20
4.	Strategies for Mining Web Logs: A Survey Strategies for Mining Web Logs: A Survey Abstract: With the expansion of e-commerce and mobile-based commerce, the role of web user on World Wide Web has become pivotal enough to warrant studies to further understand the user's intent, navigation patterns on websites and usage needs. Using web logs on the servers hosting websites, site owners and in turn companies can extract information to better understand and predict user's needs, tailoring their sites to meet such needs. Through this paper, an effort is being made to analyze and survey few of the popular web log mining strategies. Index Terms: web usage mining, web access pattern, WAP, path traversal, TSP. Reference [1] Ezeife, C. I., & Lu, Y. (2005). Mining Web log sequential patterns with position coded pre-order linked WAP-tree. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 10,5–38. [2] Facca, F. M., & Lanzi, P. L. (2005). Mining interesting knowledge from Weblogs: A survey. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 53, 225–241. [3] Lee, Y.-S., & Yen, S.-J. (2007). Incremental and interactive mining of Web traversal patterns. Information Sciences, 178(2), 278–306. [4] Li, H.-F., Lee, S.-Y., & Shan, M.-K. (2006). DSM-PLW: Single-pass mining of path traversal patterns over streaming Web click-sequences. Computer Networks, 50,1474–1487. [5] Pei, J., Han, J., Mortazavi-Asl, B., Wang, J., Pinto, H., Chen, Q., et al. (2004). Mining sequential patterns by pattern-growth: The prefixspan approach. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16(10), 1–17. Ms. Neha G. Sharma	21-27
5.	An Automated Tool for Optimization of FMS Scheduling With Meta Heuristic Approach An Automated Tool for Optimization of FMS Scheduling With Meta Heuristic Approach Abstract: The evolutions of manufacturing systems have reflected the need and requirement of the market which varies from time to time. Flexible manufacturing systems have contributed a lot to the development of efficient manufacturing process and production of variety of customized limited volume products as per the market demand based on customer needs. Scheduling of FMS is a crucial operation in maximizing throughput, reducing the wastages and increasing the overall efficiency of the manufacturing process. The dynamic nature of the Flexible Manufacturing Systems makes them unique and hence a generalized solution for scheduling is difficult to be abstracted. Any Solution for optimizing the scheduling should take in to account a multitude of parameters before proposing any solution. The primary objective of the proposed research is to design a tool to automate the optimization of scheduling process by searching for solution in the search spaces using Meta heuristic approaches. The research also validates the use of reward as means for optimizing the scheduling by including it as one of the parameters in the Combined Objective Function. A complex machining operations configured in a FMS having 6 Machines with 3 different setups manufacturing 3 different parts, each having 9 possible routes is used as test case to validate the proposed approach. Three different Meta Heuristic approaches like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) are used to optimize the scheduling process. A Graphical User Interface is designed using Matlab to automate the entire approach. Key words: Flexible Manufacturing System; Scheduling; MATLAB GUI Tool; Genetic Algorithm; Differential Evolution and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm Reference [1] Veeranna.V, "Some Studies on optimum design of flexible manufacturing system layout", P.hd. thesis, JNTU, Hyderabad, 2004 [2] Koren, Y.U.A., "Reconfigurable manufacturing systems:Key to future manufacturing"., Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 2000. 11(4) [3] Swagatam Das1, Arijit Biswas1, Sambarta Dasgupta1, and Ajith Abraham"Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm: Theoretical Foundations, Analysis, and Applications" [4] French, S, "Sequencing and Scheduling: An introduction to the mathematics of Job-Shop", Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester. (1982) [5] Durgesh Sharma, Suresh Garg, Chitra Sharma ".Effect of Scheduling rules on performance of Semi Automated Flexible Manufacturing System" Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, (2012). Volume-4 Issue-I A. V. S. Sreedhar Kumar, V. Veeranna, B. Durgaprasad, B. Dattatraya Sarma	28-37
6.	Significant Implementation of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation for OFDM Technique Significant Implementation of LS and MMSE Channel Estimation for OFDM Technique Abstract: During the last few years, the progress in wireless communication is widely increasing to mitigate the ever increasing demand of higher data rates. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) techniques using more densely packed carriers, thus achieving higher data rates using similar channels. This paper discusses the channel estimation in OFDM and its implementation using MATLAB for pilot based block type channel estimation techniques by LS and MMSE algorithms. This paper starts with comparisons of OFDM using BPSK and QPSK on different channels, followed by modeling the LS and MMSE estimators on MATLAB. In the end, results of different simulations are compared to conclude that LS algorithm gives less complexity but MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results. Key words: OFDM, Channel Estimation, LS, MMSE Reference [1] L.Cimini "Analysis and Simulation of a digital mobile channel using OFDM", IEEE trans. on communication, Vol. 33, pp.665-675, July 1985. [2] K.Fazel and G.Fettwis, "Performance of an Efficient Parallel Data Transmission System", IEEE Trans. Communication, pp. 805-813, Dec-1967. [3] J. J Van de Beck, O. Edfors, M.Sandell, S.K. Wilson and P.O.Borjesson, "On channel Estimation in OFDM systems" in proc. IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Confer., Chicago, Jul-1995, pp.-815-819 [4] "A study of Channel Estimation in OFDM systems", IEEE 56thVehicular Technology conference. [5] Yuping Zhao, Aiping Huang , "A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transform domain processing " , IEEE VTC, Vol.-3, May-1997. Lokesh Panchal, Manjil Upadhyay, Nirali Shah, Aniruddh Amin	38-41
7.	Low Power Dynamic Logic Ripple Carry Adder Using Footed Diode Domino Logic Low Power Dynamic Logic Ripple Carry Adder Using Footed Diode Domino Logic Abstract: In recent electronic devices power saving has more importance than any other thing. Dynamic logic circuits are one of the basic power efficient circuits which comes into picture when dealt with low power. Dynamic logic circuits operate mainly in two phases, namely Pre-charge and evaluate phase. Domino logic circuits are more power efficient and cooperatively faster circuits which operate on the above two phases. For extremely low power applications footed diode domino logic is applied. This paper mainly deals with design of Dynamic logic circuit design based on footed diode domino logic with reduction in power and leakage current. In this proposed circuit we put a diode on the foot of domino logic circuit which results in power reduction as compared to reported and conventional domino logic. We are using NMOS as a diode and due to this extra diode (NMOS), in pre-charge period leakage current reduce due to stacking effect. Approximately 32% of power is saved using footed diode domino logic. For Simulation we are using tanner tool at 180nm technology. Key words: Fulladder, Footed diode domino logic, Pseudo dynamic logic, Ripple carry adder, Stacking effect Reference [I] M. Anders, S. Mathew, B. Bloechel, S. Thompson, R. Krishnamurthy,K. Soumyanath, S. Borkar, A 6.5 GHz 130 nm single-ended dynamic ALU and instruction-scheduler loop, IEEE ISSCC (2002), pp. 410-411. [2] Xu-guang Sun, Zhi-gang Mao, Feng-chang Lai, A 64 bit parallel CMOS adder for high performance processors, in: Proceedings of the IEEE ASia-Pacific Conference on ASIC, 2002, pp. 205-208. [3] R.H. Krambeck, C. M. Lee, H.-F.S. Law, High-speed compact circuits with CMOS,IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, SC-17 (3) (1982). [4] Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective, (3rd ed.) Addison-Wesley (2004). [5] Tyler Thorp, Dean Liu, Pradeep Trivedi, Analysis of blocking dynamic circuits, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems (2003), pp. 744-749. P. Krishna Karthik, Mrs. K. Suganthi	42-45
8.	Modified Approach for Hiding Secret Data and Improving Data Embedding Capacity Modified Approach for Hiding Secret Data and Improving Data Embedding Capacity Abstract: Security of the secret information has been a challenge when the large amount of data is exchanged on the internet. A secure transfer of information can be very much achieved by steganography and Cryptography. Steganography is a tool for hiding information inside an image. Cryptography is a tool which provides encryption techniques for secure communication. In the traditional steganograhy techniques principle was either to replace a special part of the frequency components of the carrier image, or to replace all the least significant bits of a multi-valued image with the secret information. Our new steganography uses an image as the carrier data, and we embed secret information in the bit-planes of the carrier. This technique makes use of the characteristics of the human vision system whereby a human cannot perceive any shape information in a very complicated binary pattern. We can replace all of the ―noise-like‖ regions in the bit-planes of the carrier image with secret data without deteriorating the image quality. Key words: Bit Plane, BPCS, Hybrid Cryptography, LSB, Modified BPCS, Steganography. Reference [1] Yeshwanth srinivasan "high capacity data hiding system using Bpcs steganography" [2] Abhishek Patidar Gajendra Jagnade Laxmi Madhuri Pranay Mehta Ronak Seth," Data Security Using Cryptosteganography in Web Application" 2012 [3] Eiji Kawaguchi and Richard O. Eason, "Principle and Applications of BPCS-Steganography", Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan–University of Maine, Orono, Maine [4] Lip Yee Por, Delina Beh, Tan Fong Ang, and Sim Ying Ong" An Enhanced Mechanism for Image Steganography Using Sequential Colour Cycle Algorithm" Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2010 [5] Sheetal Mehta, Kaveri Dighe, Meera Jagtap, Anju Ekre," Web Based BPCS Steganography" Swati Patil, Komal More	46-50
9.	Optimization of Process Parameters in Turning of AISI 8620 Steel Using Taguchi and Grey Taguchi Analysis Optimization of Process Parameters in Turning of AISI 8620 Steel Using Taguchi and Grey Taguchi Analysis Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the optimization of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) for surface roughness and metal removal rate in turning of AISI 8620 steel using coated carbide insert. Experiments have been carried out based on Taguchi L₉ standard orthogonal array design with three process parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut for surface roughness and metal removal rate. The objective function has been chosen in relation to surface roughness and metal removal rate for quality target. Optimal parameters contribution of the CNC turning operation was obtained via grey relational analysis. The analysis of variance is applied to identify the most significant factor. Experiment with the optimized parameter setting, which has been obtained from the analysis, are giving to validate the results. Key words: Grey relational analysis, Material removal rate, Surface roughness, Taguchi orthogonal array. Reference [1] Nian C.Y., et al "Optimization of turning operations with multiple performance characteristics", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 95, 1999, pp. 90-96. [2] Noordin M.Y., et al "Application of response surface methodology in describing the performance of coated carbide tools when turning AISI 1045 steel", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 145, 2004, pp. 46–58. [3] Kirby E. D., et al "Development of a fuzzynets- based in-process surface roughness adaptive control system in turning operations", Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 30, 2006, pp. 592– 604. [4] Nalbant M., et al "Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in turning", Materials and Design, Volume 28, 2007, pp. 1379–1385. [5] Arya D.M., et al "Parametric optimization of mig process parameters using taguchi and grey taguchi analysis" IJREAS, Volume 3, Issue 6, 2013, pp.1-17. Sunil Kumar Sharma, S. A Rizvi, R. P Kori	51-57
10.	Influence of Wall Position on Flow Characteristics of an Impinging Jet Influence of Wall Position on Flow Characteristics of an Impinging Jet Abstract: The study intends physical insight into heterogeneous phenomena of efflux from a small opening impinging on a surface. The work aims at understanding the role of wall location and orientation on flow characteristics of an impinging jet. Experiments were performed on an existing cascade tunnel with flow ejected at a velocity of 37 m/s from a small opening of (30 cm × 9 cm) and corresponding flow features were analyzed. Results show that outside the core region, the flow experiences a monotonic reduction with increase in distance along streamline and radial direction. The orientation of wall is more efficient in bringing substantial change when placed closer to the exit (low velocity losses). The wall orientation primarily governs the chances of strong flow deflection or back flow losses. Wall placed far away from exit results in diminishing returns with a critical value beyond which the flow characteristics become insensitive of wall orientation. Key words: Efflux, shear interaction, vortices, wall jets, wall orientation, wall location. Reference [1] M. B. Glauert., "The wall jet," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, pp. 625–643, 1956. [2] Gardon. R., Akfirat J. C., "Heat transfer characteristics of impinging two dimensional air jets," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 88, 101-108, 1966. [3] Kercher. D. M., Tabakoff, W., "Heat Transfer by a Square Array of Round Air Jets Impinging Perpendicular to a Flat Surface Including the Effect of Spent Air," J. Eng. Power, 92, 73-82, 1970. [4] Martin H., "Heat and mass transfer between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces," Adv. in Heat Transfer, 13, 1-60, 1977. [5] Sparrow, E.M., Alhomoud, A., "Impingement heat transfer at a circular cylinder due to an offset or non offset slot jet," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 27, 2297- 2307, 1984. Pratik Tiwari, P. Mahathi, N. R. Choudhury and Vinayak Malhotra	58-66
11.	Modifying Authentication Techniques in Mobile Communication Systems Modifying Authentication Techniques in Mobile Communication Systems Abstract: Milenage algorithm applies the block cipher Rijnadael (AES) with 128 bit key and 128 bit block size. This algorithm is used in the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (f1, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 and f5) for mobile communication systems (GSM/UMTS/LTE). In this paper a modification of Milenage algorithm is proposed through a dynamic change of S-box in AES depending on secret key. To get a new secret key for every authentication process we add the random number (RAND) transmitted from the authentication center (AUC) to the contents of the fixed stored secret key (Ki) and thus the initialization of the AES will be different each new authentication process . For every change in secret key a new S-box is derived from the standard one by permuting its rows and columns with the help of a new designed PN sequence generator. A complete simulation of modified Milenage and PN sequence generator is done using Microcontroller (PIC18F452). security analysis is applied using Avalanche test to compare between the original and modified Milenage . Tests proved that the modified algorithm is more secure than the original one due to the dynamic behavior of S-box with every change of the secret key and immunity against linear and differential cryptanalysis using Avalanche tests. This makes the modified Milenage more suitable for the applications of authentication techniques specially for mobile communication systems. Key words: Authentication vector (AV), Modified MILENAGE Algorithm for AKA Functions (F_1,F₁,F_2,F_3,F_4,F_5,F₅), AES ,Dynamic S-BOX and PN Sequence Generator(LFSR). Reference [1] P. Kitsos*, N. Sklavos, O. Koufopavlou ―UMTS security: system architecture and hardware implementation‖ in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.-May 2007.-Issue (4):Vol. (7).-pp. 483-494. [2] Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS 197), "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ", 26 Nov. 2001. [3] J. Daemen and V. Rijmen, The blocks cipher Rijndael, Smart Card research and Applications, LNCS 1820, Springer-Verlag, pp. 288-296. [4] Reshma Nadaf and Veena Desai ―Hardware Implementation of Modified AES with Key Dependent Dynamic S-Box‖ IEEE ICARET 2012. [5] Valterri Niemi and Kaisa Nyberg ―UMTS security‖. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, the Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, ISBN 0-470-84794-8, 2003. Zakaria Zakaria Hassan, Talaat A. Elgarf, Abdelhalim Zekry	67-74
12.	Design of a New AC–DC Single-Stage Full-Bridge PWM Converter with Two Controllers Design of a New AC–DC Single-Stage Full-Bridge PWM Converter with Two Controllers Abstract: Single phase power factor correction ac-dc converters are widely used in industry for ac-dc power conversion from single phase ac mains to an required output dc voltage. In case of high power application these types of converter use an ac-dc boost converter followed by dc-dc converter. These converters has the features of excellent input power factor, continuous input and output currents, and intermediate dc bus voltage and reduce the number of semiconductor devices for such cost-effective applications. Index terms: AC–DC power conversion, bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converter, full-bridge converters, pulse-width modulated (PWM), single-stage converters. Reference [1] J. P. R. Balestero, F. LessaTofoli, R. C. Fernandes, G. V. Torrico-Bascopéand F. J. M. de Seixas, "Power factor correction boost converter based on the three-state switching cell," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 3,pp. 1565–1577, Mar. 2012. [2] F. Zhang and J. Xu, "A novel PCCM boost PFC converter with fastdynamic response," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 4207–4216, Sep. 2011. [3] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "A novelZVZCS full-bridge DC/DC converter used for electric vehicles," IEEETrans. Power Electron, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2752–2769, Jun. 2012. [4] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "ZVSinterleaved boost AC-DC converter used in plug-in electric vehicles,"IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3513–3529, Aug. 2012. [5] M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. Das, J. Drobnik, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, "Anonlinear optimal control approach based on the control-Lyapunov functionfor an AC-DC converter used in electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Ind.Informat., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 596–614, Aug. 2012. R. Ramesh, U. Subathra, M. Ananthi	75-78
13.	Single phase AC-DC power factor corrected converter with high frequency isolation using buck converter Single phase AC-DC power factor corrected converter with high frequency isolation using buck converter Abstract: Single phase ac-dc converters having high frequency isolation are implemented in buck, boost, buck-boost configuration with improving the power quality in terms of reducing the harmonics of input current. The paperpropose the circuit configuration, control mechanism, and simulation result for the single phase ac-dc converter. Index terms: AC-DC converter, harmonic reduction high frequency transformer, power quality converter, power factor corrected converter. Reference [1]. Y. Jang, M. M. Jovanovic, and D. L. Dillman, "Soft-switched PFC boost rectifier with integrated ZVS two-switch forward converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1600–1606, Nov. 2006. [2]. D. Dong, L. Shengnan, M. Xikui, and C. K. Tse, "Slow-scale instabilityof single-stage power-factor-correction power supplies," IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst. I: Regular Papers, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 1724–1735, Aug.2007. [3] E. Adib and H. Farzanehfard, "Family of zero-current transition PWMconverters," IEEETrans. Ind. Electron. vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 3055–3063,Aug. 2008. [4] D. D.-C. Lu, H. H.-C. Iu, and V. Pjevalica, "Single-stage AC/DCboost–forward converter with high power factor and regulated busand output voltages," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 6, pp.2128–2132, Jun. 2009. [5] S. Singh and B. Singh, "Power quality improvement in a PMBLDCMdrive using a forward buck converter," Int. J. Eng. Inf. Tech. (IJEIT),vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 32–38, Mar. 2010. R. Ramesh, U. Subathra, M. Ananthi	79-82
14.	Single Phase Online UPS Design Using Three Leg Converters Single Phase Online UPS Design Using Three Leg Converters Abstract: The single phase online UPS integrate with the three leg type converter which operate with battery charger and the inverter. The first leg controls the ability of charging battery. The third leg controls the output voltage. The common leg is used to control the line frequency. The battery charger has the ability of making the correction of power factor during the battery charging. The inverter is used to maintain the output voltage and to limit the output current. The main feature of the three leg converter is used to reduce the number of switching devices. So that the system has the low value of power loss and low cost. Index terms: battery charger, uninterrupted power supply, power factor correction. Reference [1] S. J. Chiang, T. S. Lee, and J. M. Chang, "Design and implementationof a single phase three-arms rectifier inverter," Proc. IEE—Elect. PowerAppl., vol. 147, no. 5, pp. 379–384, Sep. 2000. [2] T. Uematsu, T. Ikeda, N. Hirao, S. Totsuka, T. Ninomiya, and H.Kawamoto, "A study of the high performance single phase UPS," inProc. IEEE PESC'98, 1998, pp. 1872–1878. [3] I. Ando, I. Takahashi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Ikchara, "Development of ahigh efficiency UPS having active filter ability composed of a three armsbridge," in Proc. IEEE IECON'97, 1997, pp. 804–809. [4] I. Youichi, I. Satoru, T. Isao, and H. Hitoshi, "New power conversiontechnique to obtain high performance and high efficiency forsingle-phase UPS," in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annu. Meeting, 2001, pp.2383–2388. [5] H. Pinheiro, R. Blume, and P. Jain, "Space vector modulation for singlephase on-line three-leg UPS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Electronics,Control and Instrumentation, 2000, pp. 679–689. R. Ramesh, U. Subathra, A. Arul	83-85
15.	Single Phase Transformer Based Inverter For Nonlinear Load Application Using PI Controller Single Phase Transformer Based Inverter For Nonlinear Load Application Using PI Controller Abstract: The paper presents a single phase transformer based inverter for nonlinear load application using PI controller. A capacitive full bridge circuit is used to provide instant current under nonlinear load conditions and thereby reducing the harmonics. A new proportional plus integral controller for inverter control is proposed to eliminate the dc current component, and steady state error under heavy load applications. The proposed controllers consist of PI controller act as voltage controller and DC offset canceller. The experimental result derived by using the MATLAB software. Reference [1] D. Dah and C. Lu, "Synthesis of single phase DC/AC inverters," ProcIEEE ICIEA, pp. 1922–1926, 2007. [2] K. S. Low, "A digital control technique for a single-phase PWM inverter,"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 672–674, Aug.1998. [3] R. I. Bojoi, L. R. Limongi, D. Roiu, and A. Tenconi, "Enhanced power quality control strategy for single-phase inverters in distributed generationsystems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 3, pp.798–806, Mar. 2011. [4] N. M.Abdel-Rahimand J. E. Quaicoe, "Analysis and design of a multiplefeedback loop control strategy for single-phase voltage-sourceUPS inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 11, no. 4, pp.532–541, Jul. 1996. [5] E. R. da Silva, W. R. dos Santos, C. B. Jacobina, and A. C. Oliveira,"Single-phase uninterruptible power system topology concepts: Applicationto an universal active filter," in Proc. 2011 IEEE ECCE Conf.,2011, pp. 3179–3185. R. Ramesh, A. John Dhanaseely, P. Pughazendiran	86-90