Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

Ghrelin is a growth hormone and cortisol secretagogue that plays an important role in appetite and weight regulation. It is not known whether ghrelin is involved in the eating response to stress in humans. In the present study we examined the effects of psychologically induced stress on plasma ghrelin levels in patients with binge-eating disorder (BED) and in healthy subjects of normal or increased body mass index (BMI). Volunteers were subjected to the standardized trier social stress test (TSST). Basal ghrelin levels in patients were at an intermediate level between thin and healthy obese subjects, but this difference did not attain statistical significance. There were no differences in ghrelin levels throughout the test among the groups after correction for BMI, age and gender. A significant difference in the trend time of ghrelin was revealed when the three groups were analyzed according to their cortisol response to stress. Ghrelin levels increased in cortisol responders whereas no change or a decrease in ghrelin levels occurred in cortisol non-responders. We also found Optimal time T*, Minimal Repair δ and Random Lead Time g to minimize the ghrelin level.

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Geetha.T and Thangappan.R, "Random Lead Time of the acute ghrelin response to a psychological stress" Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The paper encapsulates the evolution of the concept of organizational commitment, and its constructs. It focuses and analyses the literature findings of organizational commitments over the last five decades. It categorizes the approaches into six broad eras, each era being an extension and modification over the preceding ones. This review paper brings to the fore the theories that have emerged in the body of knowledge regarding commitment in organizations in a chronological order, starting from the side bet theory to the more recent multiple commitment approach. The gaps in the theories proposed have been identified and reviewed critically. It is difficult to conceptualize and measure organizational commitment as it encompasses a vast and highly diverse body of knowledge. Due to this it becomes difficult to interpret and conclude from the existing bodies of literature. The paper also highlights the importance of recognizing the individual/employee‟s perspective towards organizational commitment.
Keywords: Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment, Normative Commitment, Employee Retention, Employee Commitment, Organizational Behavior, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Psychology, Turnover, Three Dimensional Model.

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Sayani Ghosh, Dr. Swamy D R, "A Literature Review on Organizational Commitment – A Comprehensive Summary"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a custom power device utilized to counteract voltage sags. It injects controlled three-phase ac voltages in series with the supply voltage, subsequent to voltage sag, to enhance voltage quality by adjusting the voltage magnitude, wave shape, and phase angle. The DVR is conventionally bypassed during a downstream fault to prevent potential adverse impacts on the fault and to protect the DVR components against the fault current. This paper proposes an augmented control strategy for the DVR that provides:1) voltage-sag compensation under balanced and unbalanced conditions and 2) a fault current interruption (FCI) function. This paper introduces and evaluates an auxiliary control strategy for downstream fault current interruption in a radial distribution line by means of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The proposed controller supplements the voltage-sag compensation control of the DVR. It does not require phaselocked loop and independently controls the magnitude and phase angle of the injected voltage for each phase. Fast least error squares digital filters are used to estimate the magnitude and phase of the measured voltages and effectively reduce the impacts of noise, harmonics, and disturbances on the estimated phasor parameters, and this enables effective fault current interrupting even under arcing fault conditions. The performance of the DVR for fault current interruption is analyzed by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Index Terms— Digital filters, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), fault current interrupting, and multiloop control.

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A.Nagendra, R.Venkata Subbaiah, G. Venkata Suresh Babu, "A Versatile Control Scheme For Dynamic Voltage Restorer To Limit Downstream Fault Currents"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, integration of the power series method and the Padé approximants (PS-Padé) is utilized to study buckling and pull-in instability of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) cantilevers in the vicinity of graphite sheets due to intermolecular forces. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on the Lennard–Jones potential is used to simulate the Van der Waals forces and evaluate the buckling of MWCNT. A closed form power series, based on the symbolic power series polynomials, is utilized to obtain a series solution for the governing boundary value differential equation of the nanotube. In order to handle the boundary conditions and increasing the accuracy of solution, the symbolic power series are transformed into Padé approximants. The governing differential equation is also solved numerically using the finite difference method. The PS-Padé results are compared with the numerical results and other methods reported in literature. The results obtained by using the PS-Padé approach correspond very well with the numerical results. Furthermore, the detachment length and the minimum gap between MWCNT and the graphite plane as important parameters of engineering designs are computed. It is found that for a fixed gap, the detachment length of a MWCNT can be increased with the increase of the radius, wall thickness and the effective Young modulus of the MWCNT.
Key words: Cantilever, MWCNT, Padé, Pull-in instability, Symbolic power series.

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Jalal Alsarraf, Majed A. Alwatheeqi, Esam A.M. Husain, Khaled Alawadhi, "Buckling and Pull-In Instability of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Probes Near Graphite Sheets Using Power Series and Padé Approximants"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Construction equipment planning and selection plays crucial role for the success of construction firms.Inadequate manual processes of equipmentplanning and selection and the subjective decisions of equipment managers usually result in major losses in construction firms. An indispensable item of resources, it produces output at accelerated speed, enables completion of task in limited time. Equipment saves manpower, which is becoming costly and more demanding day by day. Equipment improves quality, productivity and safety. Construction equipment planning aims at identifying construction equipment for executing project tasks, assessing equipment performance capability, forecasting date wise requirement of number and type of equipment and finally participating in the selection of equipment to be acquired. To derive full benefits from the equipment, there should be proper selection and good planning of its operations. This paper deals with the planning and selection procedure for equipment adopted by a company to achieve its objective of timely project completion.
Keywords: Construction Equipment, Equipment Operation, Planning andSelection, Project Task, Timely Project Completion

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Mr. Nilesh D. Chinchore, Prof. Pranay R. Khare, "Planning and Selection of Heavy Construction Equipment in Civil Engineering"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out for the convergent-divergent fins arranged inline and staggered on the base plate as per the experimental setup provided in the technical paper [1]. This paper reports on the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD. The simulation was carried out using the ANSYS 12.0 as the CFD modeling software. The main objective of the CFD analysis was to calculate the temperature distribution on the surface of the base plate and surface of the convergent-divergent fins for the given inline and staggered arrangement of fins due to the effect of natural convection heat transfer for different heat power inputs, and also to compare the CFD results with the experimental results.
Keywords: CFD simulation, Convergent-divergent fins, Heat sink, Natural convection, Surface augmentation.

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K. Alawadhi, Abdulwahab J. Alsultan, S. Joshi, M. Sebzali, Esam. AM.Husain, "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Natural Convection of Convergent-Divergent Fins in Marine Environments"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Studying the permeability in a particular formation will be our address in this paper, through collection of a set of data in relates to the past real core analyses by the oil operators and correlating them to our lab works on the samples of the same formation from Pilaspi formation (M.EOCENE - U.EOCENE) outcrop on Haibat Sultan Mountain near Taq Taq oil Field. Lab works were done in Koya University using most of reservoir lab equipments for getting and determining the most important properties like porosity and permeability on plug samples of that formation. The key study in this paper is oil well TT-02 in Taq Taq oil field. In this paper we will try to nominate and recognize the more active porosity type through measuring air and liquid permeability in our reservoir lab and show the effects of increasing flowing pressure on the permeability using saturated and dry core plug. Water and air were used as flowing fluids and two methods were used to measure the permeability; steady-state method, measures the permeability of a saturated Core plug under constant flow rate conditions and air permeability with (N2) for dry core plug.
Keywords: Air, Lab, Permeability, Pilaspi, Taq Taq.

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Ali.K. Darwesh, Sana.J. Rashid, "Permeability Evaluation in Pilaspi (M. Eocene - U. Eocene) Formation"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Bamboo is one of a potential renewable construction material in the village. Bamboo is known to have a high mechanical strength in direction of the fibers. The weakness of bamboo in lateral direction of the fiber could be solved by constructing a composite structure with the concrete. The appropriate construction with hold the loads in axial direction is a truss structure. In a bamboo concrete truss structure, the bars are composed from the concrete column with a bamboo reinforcement. The research studies about the performance of the bridge and the effect of loading position on the strain and deformation of bamboo reinforced concrete truss bridge. The bridge whose span and width are respectively 1.5 m and 1.2 m was prepared. Load applied to the truss bridge conducted by using vehicle load changes with position. Mounting the strains gauge in bamboo reinforcement of primary truss is to observe the strain. The LVDT is used to observe the deflection of the truss bridge. The results show that the loading position influences the strain and deformation as well as a theoretical view.
Keywords: Bamboo, bridge, concrete, truss, infrastructure.

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D. Nuralinah, S. M. Dewi, A. Munawir, "Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Truss Bridge for Rural Infrastructure"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Leachate from municipalities' landfills represents a potential health risk to ecosystems in generally and human populations in particularly. This study which was taken during year from 2010 to 2011was focused to study the physicochemical evaluation of the leachate from the landfill of the Tangier city (north of Morocco). The analyses of the sampled leachate revealed strong content of biodegradable organic matter (BOD =166.78 mg/l, COD=2397.25 mg/l and BOD/COD=0.069) and of SM (SM = 577.97 mg/l). Contents in nitrate (NO3=199.77 mg/l) were also revealed. The discharge of the Tangier city is characterized by an old leachate. The long-term monitoring of the evaluation of physicochemical parameters in polluted leachate, on how environmental conditions change over time, could then lead to models useful in the prediction of natural attenuation in aquifers. Therefore, an adaptable and efficient treatment process must be used to eliminate the wide range of pollutants present in leachate.
Key words: Leachate, Landfill, groundwater, potential, risks, Tangier, Morocco.

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A. Bader, S. El Blidi, M. Fekhaoui, A. Yahyaoui, "Evaluating pollution potential of leachate from landfill site, from the Tangier city and its impact on groundwater (Tangier - Northern Morocco)"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper presents vector controlled of single phase induction motor. some problems are with vector controlled SPIM.As SPIM's are typically to maintain speed and also about the complex implementation of vector controlled SPIM.the implemantion of the proposed vector controlled TPIM compared to the vector controlled SPIM. The general modal sutable for vector control of the unsymmentrical two phase induction motor and also stator flux oriented controlled strategies are analized. the comparative performance of both has been presented in this work with help of a practical three phase motor.

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K.krishna Rao, M.Ramesh Kumar, "Vector Controlled Two Phase Induction Motor and To A Three Phase Induction Motor"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Welding of dissimilar metals has attracted attention of the researchers worldwide, owing to its many advantages and challenges. There is no denial in the fact that dissimilar welded joints offer more flexibility in the design and production of the commercial and industrial components. Many welding techniques have been analyzed to join dissimilar metal combinations. The objective of this paper is to review two such techniques – Laser welding and Friction stir welding. Laser beam welding, a high power density and low energy-input process, employs a laser beam to produce welds of dissimilar materials. Friction stir welding, a solid-state joining process, is also successfully used in dissimilar welding applications like aerospace and ship building industries. This paper summarizes the trends and advances of these two welding processes in the field of dissimilar welding. Future aspects of the study are also discussed.
Keywords: dissimilar, friction stir welding, laser welding, microstructure, tensile test

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Ms. Deepika Harwani, Mr. Kapil Banker, "A Review: Welding Of Dissimilar Metal Alloys by Laser Beam Welding & Friction Stir Welding Techniques"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The exponential growth of manufacturing industries and production and the increased need of accuracy and precision throws the spotlight on the nontraditional machining processes. The machining of metals and non-metals having special properties like high strength, high hardness and toughness is done by non- conventional machining methods. Wire electrical discharge machining is one of the earliest non-traditional machining processes. This machining process competes with conventional machining such as milling, broaching, grinding etc. However, its ability to cut extremely intricate and delicate shapes with utmost accuracy makes this process most suitable among all other processes. The otherwise hard to be machined materials like carbides, tungsten, zirconium etc. can be easily machined using this process. This paper reviews notable work done in the field of WEDM by various researchers.
Keywords: cutting speed, kerf width, material removal rate (MRR), parametric optimization, surface roughness (Ra), and wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM)

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Ms. Sharanya S. Nair, Ms. Nehal Joshi, "Trends in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM): A Review"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The development of a country is nearly proportional to the average per person energy consumption rate, which is very low in our country. However, the rate of average energy consumption is increasing day by day throughout the world. With increasing the production of energy, the problem of environment pollution from the power generation sources and energy efficiency becomes more imperative. Coal is the major source of primary energy of the world, however, the energy efficiency of coal based power plant is low, and also it significantly polluted the environment. Therefore, to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the pollution from coal based power plant is an important issue to discuss. In this paper, the primary reserves of energy throughout the world are discussed. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a latest technology used to improve the performance of coal based power plant. The process of IGCC and the present condition of IGCC throughout the world is discussed. Finally the advantages of IGCC and necessity of moving towards IGCC from convention coal based power plant is discussed in terms of cost, efficiency and environmental issues.
Keywords: Energy, Coal Gasification, IGCC, Clean Coal Technology, CCS

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Md. Kamruzzaman, Md. Raju Ahmed, Asiful Habib, Subir Ranjan Hazra, "Prospect of Coal Based IGCC to Meet the Clean Energy Challenge"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A novel low power and Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) combinational low power circuit is presented in this paper. The power consumption and general characteristics of the PFAL combinationallow power circuit arethen compared against two combinational low power circuit Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Conventional CMOS. The proposed PFAL combinational low power circuit design was proven to be superior to the other two designs in power dissipation and area. The combination of low power and low transistor count makes the new PFAL cell a viable option for low power design
Keywords: Adiabatic Logic, Power Dissipation, power clock.

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B.Jeevan Rao, P.Satyanarayana, "Design of a Low Power Combinational Circuit by using Adiabatic Logic"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Power quality is most important concern in the current age. It's now a day's necessary with the refined devices, where performance is very perceptive to the quality of power supply. Power quality crisis is an incidence manifest as a typical voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipments. One of the major crises dealt here is the power sag. Perceptive industrial loads and distribution networks suffer from different types of service interruptions and outages which results in a major financial loss. To improve the power quality, custom power-devices are used. The device considered in this work is Dynamic Voltage Restorer. This paper shows modelling, analysis and simulation of a DVR test systems using MATLAB. I have considered single line to ground fault for linear load. The role of DVR is to "compensate load voltage" is examined during the different fault conditions like voltage sag, single phase to ground faults.

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Neelam Rani, Dr. A.K. Ghai, Prof. Devesh Bindal, "Sag mitigation in distribution system by using Dynamic voltage Restorer (DVR)"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A study of the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis including BOD and COD was carried out for sources of water in Oshogbo the Capital of the State of Osun. Seven water sampling areas were selected to cover the low, medium and high population density areas of the State Capital. Water samples were collected from five sources of water, namely, shallow well, borehole, stream, rain and river. Water samples were collected from the well, borehole and stream water sources from Dada Estate and Isale Oshun for low density population, Ayetoro, Ogo-Oluwa and Oke-Ayepe for medium density, and Oke-Bale and Igbona for high density population areas. Three sampling points were undertaken for the rain water source while River Oshun source at Isale-Oshun was the 25th water sampling point. A total of 25 water quality parameters were analyzed for each of the 25 water sources sampled using the facility at the Rural Water And Environmental Sanitation Agency, RUWESA in Osun State Government Secretariat in Abere. Results indicated that 8 of the water quality parameters, pH, Turbidity; Magnesium hardness, Free Chlorine, Nitrite, Bacteriological, BOD and COD were not within Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) permitted water quality standards and are of concern to sanitation of potable water in the State Capital. The level of each parameter differs from source to source as well as from level of population densities. The sources that were adjudged polluted were Ogo-Oluwa and Oke-Ayepe well sources; Ogo-Oluwa, Oke-Bale and Igbona stream sources Oke-Bale Rain source.R and the River source at Isale-Oshun. The polluted sources are all within the medium and high population density areas of the State Capital.
Keyword: Population density; Water source; Sanitation level; Permissible level; Physicochemical; Bacteriological

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Felix A. Oginni and Samson O. Ojoawo, "Assessment of sanitation levels of sources of water in Osun State Capital, Nigeria"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper presents a two stage approach that determines the optimal location and size of capacitors on radial distribution systems to improve voltage profile and to reduce the active power loss. In first stage, the capacitor locations can be found by using loss sensitivity method. Bat algorithm is used for finding the optimal capacitor sizes in radial distribution systems. The sizes of the capacitors corresponding to maximum annual savings are determined by considering the cost of the capacitors. The proposed method is tested on 15-bus, 33 bus, 34-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems and the results are presented.
Keyword: capacitor placement, loss sensitivity method, Bat algorithm, radial distribution system

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Dinakara Prasad Reddy P, C. Hari Prasad, M C V Suresh, "Capacitor Placement Using Bat Algorithm for Maximum Annual Savings in Radial Distribution systems"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Plant location selection has a critical impact on the performance of manufacturing companies. The cost associated with acquiring the land and facility construction makes the location selection a long-term investment decision. The preeminent location is that which results in higher economic benefits through increased productivity and good distribution network. Both potential qualitative and quantitative criteria's are to be considered for selecting the proper plant location from a given set of alternatives. Consequently, from the literature survey, it is found that the Multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) is found to be an effective approach to solve the location selection problems. In the present research, an integrated decision-making methodology is designed which employs the two well-known decision making techniques, namely Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE-II) in order to make the best use of information available, either implicitly or explicitly. It is analyze the structure for the solution of plant location problems and to obtain weights of the selected criteria's. PROMETHEE-II is employed to solve decision-making problems with multiple conflicting criteria and alternatives.
Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Location Selection, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), PROMETHEE II, weighted average.

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D. Sriniketha, Dr. V. Diwakar Reddy, A. Naga Phaneendra, "Plant location selection by using MCDM methods"Vol. 4 - Issue 12 (December - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com