Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

In India, as the fuel cost continues to rise, railway transport plays an important role. Although there are, so many options of transportation are available like flights, trains, buses etc but most of the people prefer trains only as it is cost effective and comfortable way of travelling and hence in today's world railway becomes the lifeline of India. When anybody goes through the daily news, they come across many accidents which are related to railroad. So there must be good railway safety for the people as the rail accidents are often dangerous in terms of the severity and death etc, when compared with the other transportation. There are several reasons present for railroad related accidents but the major reason is cracks in rails. It is the main cause of railway derailments and has the capacity to induce major damage to economy of the world. Therefore more efforts are necessary for achieving the good rail safety. This system introduced a method for rail crack detection. The proposed system is LED-LDR and Arduino based rail track detection scheme. It is cost effective and simple way of monitoring the condition of the rails on a continual basis for the improving the railway safety which consists of GSM module and Encoder.
Keywords: Arduino Uno, Railway Cracks, LED-LDR assembly, GSM, Encoder, Robot.

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Komal B. Dandge, Prof. G.R.Gidveer, "Automatic Broken Rail Crack Detection Scheme"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In recent years, the design for low power has become one of the greatest challenges in high-performance very large scale integration (VLSI) design. Most of the methods focus on the power consumption during normal mode operation, while test mode operation has not normally been a predominant concern. However, it has been found that the power consumed during test mode operation is often much higher than during normal mode operation [1]. This is because most of the consumed power results from the switching activity in the nodes of the circuit under test (CUT), which is much higher during test mode than during normal mode operation [1]–[3]. In the proposed pattern, each generated vector applied to each scan chain is an SIC vector, which can minimize the input transition and reduce test power. In VLSI testing, power reduction is achieved by increasing the correlation between consecutive test patterns.
Keywords: Built in Self Test (BIST) , Johnson ring counter, MSIC patterns, Test Pattern Generator (TPG), Circuit Under Test (CUT).

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P.T.Sairam, B.Ratnaraju, "Reduced Test Pattern Generation of Multiple SIC Vectors with Input and Output Delay Faults"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In the present scenario the use of transformer for high voltages in converter circuit reduces the overall operating efficiency due to leakage inductance and use of transformer also increases the operational cost. . Therefore the proposed system is implemented with transformer less DC-DC converter so as to obtain high DC voltage with the use of nine stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier. The proposed converter operates in CCM (continuous conduction mode), so that the converter switch stress, the switching losses are reduced. The DC voltage at the input of the proposed model is low and is boosted up by boost inductor (Ls) in DC-DC converter stage and performs inverter operation. The number of stages in CW-voltage multiplier circuit is applied with low input pulsating DC (AC Voltage) voltage where it is getting converted to high DC output voltage. The proposed converter switches operates at two independent frequencies, modulating (fsm) andalternating (fsc) frequency. The fsm operates at higher frequency of the output while the fsc operates at lower frequency of the desired output voltage ripple and the output ripples can be adjusted by the switch Sc1 and Sc2. The regulation of the output voltage is achieved by controlling the Duty ratio.The simulation is carried over by the MATLAB-SIMULINK.
Index terms: Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier, Low duty cycle, High DC voltage, Tranformerless DC-DC converter.

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Meghana G Naik, CH. Jayavardhana Rao, Dr. Venugopal.N, Y. Damodharam, "Transformerless DC-DC Converter Using Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier to Obtain High DC Voltage"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The portable devices development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, conversion efficiency, power consumption, and the size of devices have become the most important design criteria of switching power converters. For portable applications better conveniences extension of battery life and improves the conversion efficiency of power converters .It is essential to develop accurate switching power converters, which can reduce more wasted power energy. The proposed topology can achieve faster transient responses when the supply voltages are changed for the converter by making use of the feed forward network .With mode select circuit the conduction & switching losses are reduced the positive buck–boost converter operate in buck, buck–boost, or boost converter. By adding feed-forward techniques, the proposed converter can improve transient response when the supply voltages are changed. The designing, modeling & experimental results were verified in MATLAB/ Simulink. The fuzzy logic controller is used as controller.
Key words: Feed-forward techniques, mode select, positive buck–boost converter, Fuzzy logic control.

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Latha. S. C, Dr. Venugopal .N, Ch. Jayavardhana Rao, "A Positive Buck Boost Converter with Mode Select Circuit and Feed Forward Techniques Using Fuzzy Logic Controller"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Although publicly accessible databases containing speech documents. It requires a great deal of time and effort required to keep them up to date is often burdensome. In an effort to help identify speaker of speech if text is available, text-mining tools, from the machine learning discipline, it can be applied to help in this process also. Here, we describe and evaluate document classification algorithms i.e. a combo pack of text mining and classification. This task asked participants to design classifiers for identifying documents containing speech related information in the main literature, and evaluated them against one another. Expected systems utilizes a novel approach of k -nearest neighbour classification and compare its performance by taking different values of k.
Keywords: Data Mining, Text Mining, Classification, K-nearest neighbour, KNN

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Dharmendra S Panwar, Kshitij Pathak, "Dynamic & Attribute Weighted KNN for Document Classification Using Bootstrap Sampling"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Conventional distributed arithmetic (DA) is popular in field programmable gate array (FPGA) design, and it features on-chip ROM to achieve high speed and regularity. In this paper, we describe high speed area efficient 1-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using 9/7 filter based new efficient distributed arithmetic (NEDA) Technique. Being area efficient architecture free of ROM, multiplication, and subtraction, NEDA can also expose the redundancy existing in the adder array consisting of entries of 0 and 1. This architecture supports any size of image pixel value and any level of decomposition. The parallel structure has 100% hardware utilization efficiency.
Keywords: 1-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), NEDA, Low Pass Filter, High Pass Filter, Xilinx Simulation.

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Akanksha Yadav, Anushree, "High Speed Memory Efficient Multiplier-less 1-D 9/7 Wavelet Filters Based NEDA Technique"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The purpose of this research work is to determine the optimized settings of key machining factors like pulse on time, discharge current and duty cycle for AISI 4140 alloy steel using various tool electrodes. The output responses will be measured are material removal rate (MRR),surface roughness(SR) and tool wear rate(TWR). Mathematical models are proposed for the above are L27 orthogonal array. The micro structural changes in the work piece after machining process will also be examined by the use of SEM.
Keywords: Electrical Discharge Machine, Material Removal Rate, Scanning Electrode Microscope, Surface Roughness, Tool Wear Rate.

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Kishor Lal , Himanshu Gupta, "Investigation And Optimization Of EDM Process Of AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Using Various Tool Electrodes: A Review Paper"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Wind energy has become one of the significant alternative renewable energy resources because of its abundance and the strong drive for its commercialization. Dynamic electric load variations and wind velocity excursions cause excessive changes in the prime mover kinetic energy and the corresponding electrical power injected into the AC grid utility system. In this paper, a scheme based on the low cost static switched filter compensator (SSFC) is presented for voltage sag/swell compensation, power factor improvement in distribution grid networks with the dispersed wind energy interface. The SSFC scheme is based on an intermittent switching process between two shunt capacitor banks to be one of them in parallel with the capacitor of a tuned arm filter. Two regulators based on a tri- loop dynamic error driven inter-coupled weighted modified proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller which is used to modulate the PWM. The Static Switched Filter Compensation (SSFC) compensation scheme which enhances the system power quality has been fully validated using MATLAB–Simulink. The effectiveness of this compensation scheme approach is demonstrated using a study case of 3 bus system. Simulation results show that there is improvement in harmonics reduction, voltage sag/swell compensation, power factor improvement at generator bus, load bus, and infinite bus respectively
Keywords: FACTS, Static Switched Filter Compensator, Dynamic Controllers, Wind Energy, Power Quality

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Lakshmi Prasanna Vatti, G.Venkataramana, "Power Quality Enhancement in Wind Connected Grid System Interface Based On Static Switched Filter Compensator (SSFC)"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Today India is a fast developing economy; its GDP is increasing so the per capita income is also increasing. To meet the comfort requirements, especially in scorching summer and chilling winter in one form or other, we need modern amenities like air-conditioners and room heaters. Both need energy (electricity) as a fuel to perform their function, so at individual level or at national view point, energy saving has to be done. The phrase will not be wrong: "Let the energy be saved, though the heaven falls". In this paper, a review of insulation materials along with their properties has been presented. The information given is relevant and useful for architects and engineers. This paper also has glimpses of past and future of insulating materials.
Key words: Thermal insulation, Vacuum Insulation, Heat losses, Cooling in buildings, Insulation practice

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Tazyeen Ahmad, Sabahat A. Khan, "A Review of Performance of Insulating Material in Buildings"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The cloud computing is still in it infancy.this is an emerging technology which will bring about innovations in terms of businessmodels and applications.the widespread penetration of smartphones will be a major factor in driving the adoption of cloude computing.however, cloud computing faces challenges related to privacy and security. Due to varied degree of security features and management schemes within the cloud entities security in the cloud is challenging. Security issues ranging from system misconfiguration, lack of proper updates, or unwise user behaviour from remote data storage that can expose user ̳s private data and information to unwanted access can plague a Cloud Computing. The intent of this paper is to investigate the security related issues and challenges in Cloud computing environment . We also proposed a security scheme for protecting services keeping in view the issues and challenges faced by cloud computing.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Data Protection,Security, Application Program Interface, Average Revenue

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Raziqa Masood, Dr. Nitin Pandey, "Information Leakage Prevention In Cloud Computing" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The recent development in methods to analyze the RC frame structure brings us to this study. This paper is approach to introduce the comparison between structural analysis of Residential building (Flat Scheme) subjected to gravity with respect to seismic forces ( in zone II and zone III) for different storey heights. For structural engineers, seismic load should be considered as important aspect that needs to be included in the building design. However majority of buildings constructed in India are designed for gravity loading only and poorly detailed to accommodate lateral loads. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the comparison between structural analysis of residential building subjected to gravity with respect to seismic forces in zone II and zone III for different storey heights. The analysis for residential building (G+3) is carried out by using software SAP by seismic coefficient method. Columns, beams and footing has been drawn. Microsoft office Excel 2007 programs were used for drafting , and analysis of columns, beams and footing. This analysis gives better understanding the seismic performance of buildings. The results show that the building which is designed only for gravity load is found inadequate to resist seismic load in zone II and zone III.
Keywords: Linear static analysis, earthquake, displacement.

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Pranita R. Kayarkar, Prof. R. G. Bais, Prof. P. L. Naktode, "Comparison Between Structural Analysis of Residential Building (Flat Scheme) Subjected to Gravity With Respect to Seismic Forces (In zone II and zone III) For Different Storey Heights"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Due to the large requirement for memory and the high complexity of computation, JPEG2000 cannot be used in many conditions especially in the memory constraint equipment. The line-based W avelet transform was proposed and accepted because lower memory is required without affecting the result of W avelet transform, In this paper, the improved lifting schem e is introduced to perform W avelet transform to replace Mallat method that is used in the original line-based wavelet transform. In this a three-adder unit is adopted to realize lifting scheme. It can perform wavelet transform with less computation and reduce memory than Mallat algorithm. The corresponding HS_SPIHT coding is designed here so that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for equipment. W e proposed a highly scale image compression scheme based on the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm. Our algorithm, called Highly Scalable SPIHT (HS_SPIHT), supports High Compression efficiency, spatial and SNR scalability and provides l bit stream that can be easily adapted to give bandwidth and resolution requirements by a simple transcoder (parse). The HS_SPIHT algorithm adds the spatial scalability feature without sacrificing the S NR embeddedness property as found in the original SPIHT bit stream. Highly scalable image compression scheme based on the SPIHT algorithm the proposed algorithm used, highly scalable SPIHT (HS_SPIHT) Algorithm, adds the spatial scalability feature to the SPIHT algorithm through the introduction of multiple resolution dependent lists and a resolution-dependent sorting pass. SPIHT keeps the import features of the original SPIHT algorithm such as compression efficiency, full SNR Scalability and low complexity.
Keywords: wavelet transforms; lifting schemes; Scalable SPHIT; Compression; low complexity.

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D.L.Vasundhara, P. A. Nageswara Rao, A.Vamsidhar, "Low Memory Low Complexity Image Compression Using HS-SPIHT Encoder"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Electric power supply in many cities in developing countries is erratic and can only be described as non-existent in the rural areas. Kerosene lantern, the main source of illuminating the night is associated with obnoxious fumes production and more especially the kerosene fuel is scarce to find. Rural dwellers who cannot afford the globed kerosene lanterns either use the locally fabricated globeless kerosene lanterns, ―atunja‖ or log fire. Log fire is associated with deforestation and desert encroachment. A solar lantern has been designed and built for illuminating the nights in rural communities. Battery and LED are part of the components used and it is recommended that appropriate safety measures are put in place not only in use but also in their disposal.
Keywords: Diode, LED, deforestation, lumen, ultraviolent, photochemical

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Dr. Achara N, Dr. Nyitamen D S, "Illuminating the Nights in Rural Communities"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The present research aims to investigate the effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) on the mechanical properties of different grades of aluminum alloys. GMAW is the most common method of joining aluminum alloys used in various industrial processes. It replaces the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) method of providing equally high quality of joints with a much higher performance. Aluminum alloys under consideration for this experiment will be from 6XXX series, consisting of Silicon and Magnesium as main alloying elements. Weld joints Will be produced with the help of a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The Hardness, Tensile strength, yield stresses and elongation will be the mechanical properties to be obtained. As aluminum alloys show large micro structural changes after welding it is necessary to know about the effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of weldements as too high welding current and too high welding speed will result in high heat input and weakening of weld profile so a balance is need to be struck between welding parameters and mechanical properties. Scattering Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique will be used to analyze micro structural changes.
Keywords: GMA welding, Aluminum alloys, Mechanical properties

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Chandan Kaushal, Lochan Sharma, "To find effects of GMAW parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e. speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the developed model.
Keywords: BLDC motor, Motor drive, Conventional P, PI, PID Controllers, Different PID Tuning methods, Adaptive fuzzy PI Controller

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Sri Latha Eti, Dr. N. Prema Kumar, "Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI Controller"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Water samples were collected from different sources of Silchar Municipal area of Cachar district, Assam, India. Physicochemical parameter such as PH, EC, Hardness, Chloride, Fluorides, Iron, TDS of sixteen water samples from different sampling sites of Silchar were determined. The experimental results were compared with drinking water quality standards laid down by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO) and it was found that only a few water samples are not suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes due to high concentration of iron. Overall all the ground water is clear, odourless and soft. Even few samples contain fluoride ion but the values are much below the permissible limits. Key Words: Drinking water, ICMR, Physicochemical parameters, Water quality, WHO.

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K. C. Das, Arup Roy, Rajdeep Roy, "Physico-Chemical Analysis of Underground Water from Silchar Municipal Area of Cachar district, Assam, India"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Congestion is a major problem in almost all kinds of wireless networks such as mobile ad-hoc networks; wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are variety of applications of WSN such as defense, temperature monitoring, health monitoring. Congestion occurs in the sensor network because of limited resources such as low processing power of the sensor node. As all the sensor nodes are battery powered. Hence, congestion in the sensor network results in waste of energy of sensor nodes. All the layers of protocol suite of the network can be involved in the congestion control process. This paper gives a brief idea about various congestion control methods. In some of the schemes, cross-layer design is applied for better results.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Congestion Control, Congestion Detection, Cross-layer Design, QoS.

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Samita Indurkar, N. P. Kulkarni, "Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Small turbojet engines represent a special class of turbine driven engines. They are suitable for scientific purposes and research of certain thermodynamic processes ongoing in turbojet engines. Moreover such engines can be used for research in the area of alternative fuels and new methods of digital control and measurement. Our research, which is also presented in this article, is headed toward these aims. We evaluate and propose a system of digital measurement of a particular small turbojet engine – MPM 20. Such engine can be considered as highly non-linear large scale system. According to obtained data and experiments we propose different model models of the engine and design of situational control algorithms for the engine with use of certain methods of artificial intelligence as new methods of control and modeling of large scale systems.
Keywords: Thrust estimator , Propulsion engine , Propulsion system.

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M. Sai Dheeraj, Yasarapudi Sharon Ruth, A. Kavitha Sree, A. Hemant Kumar Yadav, V. Sai Kishore, M. Monica, Bheemarasetty. Prudhvi, S. Ravikanth, T. Harshitha, V. N. Sai Kiran Aka, "A Brief Research on Turbojet Engine By Using MPM 20"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Motion Estimation is one of the most critical modules in a typical digital video encoder. many implementation tradeoffs should be considered while designing such a module. It candefine ME as a part of inter coding technique.Inter coding refers to a mechanism of finding co-relation between two frames (stillimages), which are not far away from each other as far as the order of occurrence is concerned, one frame is called the reference frameand the other frame called the current frame, and then encoding the information which is a function of this co-relation‟ instead of the frame itself. This paper focuses more on block matching algorithms which comes under feature/region matching. Block motion estimation algorithms are widely adopted by video coding standards, mainly due to their simplicity and good distortion performance In FS every candidate points will be evaluated and more time will be taken for predicting the suitable motion vectors. based on the above noted drawback, the above said adaptive pattern is proposed Optimization is proposed at algorithm/code-level for both encoder and decoder to make it feasible to perform real-time H.264/AVC video encoding/decoding on mobile device for mobile multimedia applications. For encoder an improved motion estimation algorithm based on hexagonal pattern search is proposed exploiting the temporal redundancy of a video sequence. For decoder, at code level memory access minimization scheme is proposed and at algorithm level a fast interpolation scheme is proposed.
Keywords: Motion Estimation, Hexagonal Pattern Search, Diamond Pattern Search, Adaptive Pattern

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Prof. D. S. Maind, Prof.BS.Khade, Prof.P. P.Wagaj, "MotionEstimation Technique forReal Time Compressed Video Transmission"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The users which are using social networking sites nowadays by various strata of society such as students, teachers, engineers, housewives and elderly people are increasing. So the goal of this paper is to invest social networking in education especially at the universities. Student spending more time on the social networking sites than on the e-learning programs, so social networking can be used in a useful way to support e-learning. 54% of people who were surveyed about the usage of social Networks said they used Facebook daily while 9% used MOODLE. So this paper uses the social networks for e-learning as a case study on the university of Palestine.
Keywords: Sochical Network, e-learning, education, Facebook, Twitter

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Professor Samy S. Abu Naser, Mahmoud Abu Ghosh, Rasha R. Atallah, "Using Social network in Higher Education A case Study on the University of Palestine"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Time and frequency offset has a important aspect in OFDM based communication to maintain the orthogonality of the and control errors and interferences. In this paper we have investigated the time and frequency offset in MIMO-OFDM system and performance calculated as mean square error (MSE) for given values of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Time and frequency synchronization is achieved by using median filtering with the different values of FFT points in OFDM. During simulation it has been seen that the higher values of FFT gives better performance than lower values, but higher values added complexity in the system as well, so for optimum performance mid range of FFT is sufficient enough.
Keywords: Time/Frequency Synchronization, MIMO-OFDM, Median Filtering, FFT.

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Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande, "Time and Frequency Synchronization Performance of MIMO-OFDM System using Schmid Algorithm for different FFT"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper proposes a fast and dependable procedure for timing and frequency synchronization of multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) could be a outstanding technique for high info rate remote transmission. The execution of OFDM framework is exceptionally touchy to transporter repeat Offset (CFO) that presents between bearer electric resistances (ICI). Multi data multi yield frame work used for increasing various qualities increase and limit of the framework. During this space repeat synchronization in associate OFDM framework is contemplated and gave past work OFDM framework.
Keywords: MIMO-OFDM; Frequency Synchronization; ICI; CFO

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Kuldeep Pandey, Prof Suresh S. Gawande, "A Review: Significant Research on Time And Frequency Synchronization In MIMO OFDM System"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The work consists of the design of the chain drive system and the fabrication of the two axis parabolic solar dish. It is a model study of the two axis parabolic dish which worked by the automatic circuit that was developed. Ready made parabolic solar dish is taken and fabricated. The circular iron ring provides the two axis motion of the dish. A compound chain drive system was developed for the smooth movement of the dish. An electromechanical system which tracks the sun on both axes and which is controlled via a programmable logic control (PLC) was designed and implemented. In this a theoretical study was done. A C program was made which gave the required result for the graphical representation of the recorded radiation. Programmable Logic Controls (PLC) was used instead of photo sensors, which are widely used for tracking the sun. The azimuthal angle of the sun from sunrise to sunset times was calculated for each day of the year at 23.59 Lat & 72.38Longitude in the Northern hemisphere, the location of the city Mehsana. According to this azimuth angle, the required analog signal was taken from the PLC analog module and sent to the power window motor, which controlled the position of the panel to ensure that the rays fall vertically on the panel. After the mechanical control of the system was started, the performance measurements of the solar panel were carried out. The values obtained from the measurements were compared and the necessary evaluations were conducted.

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Prof. Sonal C Yogi, Mayank Madia, Rahul Kumar Sen, "Design and Fabrication of a Two Axis Parabolic Solar Dish Collector"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II (ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
Keywords: Cumulative hrf, NMWD , depression

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Geetha.T and Balamurugan.K, "Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with Depression"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

supply chain is overall system include of suppliers, productive sectors and stock storage, distributers and customers that covers multi-stage structure supplier confidence (delivery with delay) production process (unpredicted equipment damage) and customer demand (over – expectation orders of customer are three factors at supply chain uncertainly. To react properly, we can use safe storage. In this thesis fuzzy multi-purpose model is provided based on total cost and customer service to control safe storage in storage sectors of supply chain. In this model, fuzzy confidence level of suppliers and contractors have been defined based on experts a fuzzy system and there is no hypothesis about demand distribution. To control and modify estimation deviation we used rolling horizon method and various constrains have been determined (production capacity, size of units of production and transfer, financial limitation to sale primary materials , ) finally softy stock had been determined to decrease total cost as 20% and increase service level to above expectation. To determine approach efficiency, this is implements in Khorasan axial parts company.
Keywords: softy stack, customer service level, supply chain programming, fuzzy multi-purpose decision making, expertise fuzzy system.

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M. Golmakani, M. Malek and A. Afrooz, "Safety Stock Adjustment in Supply Chain Storage Units"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

By combining the wireless network and E-commerce, suppliers can provide a more convenient and quicker service on a human scale for their customers. The main advantages of such services are their high availability, independence of physical location and time. Mobile commerce raises a number of security and privacy challenges. However, security has always been the key issue for the development of mobile E-commerce, which is more vulnerable than the traditional E-commerce mode. . In order to solve the problem of security gap in the transmission of mobile E-commerce information, a framework based on J2ME/MIDP is proposed, which combines double layer encryption schemes, stego-image and secure XML messages which transferred between the mobile terminal and the server. Our method provide strong secure and invisible communication with high security and high operating efficiency that compatible with many types of mobile terminal.
Keywords: M-Commerce Security, ECC, J2ME/MIDP, J2EE, Random LSB Steganography, XML, Double Layer Encryption.

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Ali Mirarab and Abdol-Reza Rasouli Kenari, "A New Framework for Secure M-Commerce"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com