Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

There are many methods for determining the Classification Accuracy. In this paper significance of Entropy of training signatures in Classification has been shown. Entropy of training signatures of the raw digital image represents the heterogeneity of the brightness values of the pixels in different bands. This implies that an image comprising a homogeneous lu/lc category will be associated with nearly the same reflectance values that would result in the occurrence of a very low entropy value. On the other hand an image characterized by the occurrence of diverse lu/lc categories will consist of largely differing reflectance values due to which the entropy of such image would be relatively high. This concept leads to analyses of classification accuracy. Although Entropy has been used many times in RS and GIS but its use in determination of classification accuracy is new approach.
Keywords: Classification, Entropy, Training signatures, Homogeneous, Heterogeneity

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Shashi Poonam Indwar, Dr.Nilanchal Patel, "Classification accuracy analyses using Shannon's Entropy"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The probiotic bacteria possessing ability to suppress growth of Mycobacterium B5 are revealed. Antagonistic activity in selected strains studied during the growth on various nutrient media. Strains adapted to the low pH exposure. They are steady against a number of the antibiotics, used at tuberculosis treatment. This testifies to the prospects of further studies on the use of probiotics in the complex therapy of tuberculosis.
Keywords: probiotic bacteria, antagonistic activity, antibiotics, steady, tuberculosis.

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Gavrilova N.N., Ratnikova I.A., Sadanov A.K., Bayakisheva.K, Tourlibaeva Z.J, Belikova O.A, "Application of probiotics in complex treatment of tuberculosis"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Now a days, more and more attention is paid to reversible data hiding (RDH) in encrypted images, since it maintains the excellent property that the original cover can be losslessly recovered after embedded data is extracted while protecting the image content's confidentiality. Previously proposed methods embed data by reversibly vacating room from the encrypted images, which may cause some errors in data during data extraction and/or image restoration. In this paper, a novel method of reserving room before encryption with a traditional RDH algorithm, and thus it is easy for the data hider to reversibly embed data in the encrypted image is proposed. The proposed method can achieve real reversibility, that is, data extraction and image recovery are free of any error.
Keywords: RDH, Prediction Error Expansion, Lossless Recovery

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Harshali Sanglikar, Pawamkumar Thorat, Neha Jadhav, R.AKhan, "Data encryption using LSB matching algorithm and Reserving Room before Encryption"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The load-deformation response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation. The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall will be analysis.
Key words: Wind load,Structural walls ,Shear walls ,frame structure, Seismic Load,frame system

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Mahdi Hosseini, Dr.HadiHosseini, Ahmad Hosseini, "Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame Structure"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Land use and land cover is dominant role in the part of urbanization. As the rapid urbanization led various activities in a region and these changes generally takes place in the agricultural land and caused decrease of arable land .The satellite imageries LANDSAT 5TM (1990), LANDSAT 7ETM (2000) AND LISS 111 (2010) data's are used. The scales are 1:50,000. 1990, 2000 and 2010 covering a period of 19 years the aerial distribution of the land use and land cover changes has been observed. The changes were identified ,in which the decrease of Agricultural land, Natural vegetation , Scrub land and Water body and increase of Built up land, Fallow land, River sand and Without scrub land. The land use and land cover maps are prepared by using GIS software to evaluate the changes and it is showed strong variation.
Keywords: Land use and land cover changes in Tiruchirappalli district and GIS.

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P. sujatha and Dr.R.Baskaran, N.Hajeeranbeevi, "Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection in Tiruchirappalli District Using Remote Sensing and GIS"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The development of any country directly relates on capital energy consumption. The demand for power generation on the large scale is increasing day by day. Owing to their major contribution towards power production, thermal power plants have a vital role to play in the development of nation. Due to the scarcity of power every power plant needs to be operated at maximum level of efficiency. In case of thermal power plants this applies equally to all its auxiliaries.

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SYED ATAUL REHAMAN BASHA, "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TURBINE BLADES IN STEAM POWER PLANT"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Distributed Generation (DG) System is a small scale electric power generation at or near the user's facility as opposed to the normal mode of centralized power generation. In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of power system based on DS, grid synchronization algorithm plays a very important role. This paper presents a Double Synchronous Reference Frame (DSRF) phase locked loop (PLL) based on synthesis circuit for grid synchronization of distributed generation (DG) system under grid disturbances aimed to provide an estimation of the angular frequency and both the positive and negative sequences of the fundamental component of an unbalanced three-phase signal. The design of this PLL is based on a complete description of the source voltage involving both positive and negative sequences in stationary coordinates and considering the angular frequency as an uncertain parameter.
Keywords: Grid synchronization, phase locked loop, power quality, grid disturbances, positive and negative sequence detection, synthesis circuit, adaptive control, frequency estimation.

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R.Godha Ch.V.S.S.Sailaja K.V.Ramana Murthy, "Improved Grid Synchronization Algorithm for DG System using DSRF PLL under Grid disturbances" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The parameters of the immobilized process of Corynebacterium glutamicum on kappa carrageenan were identified by Plackett-Burman matrix, and the experiments were designed by response surface methodology having the central composite designs (RSM-CCD). The maximum yield of cell immobilization on kappa carrageenan carrier reached at 78% ± 2%. Optimal parameters were 3 grams kappa carrageenan per 100 militters sterile water and 58.58 million cfu/mL, forming gels at 10⁰C for 25 minutes and the speed when soaking particles of 150 rpm for 120 minutes in 0.58 M potassium chlorua solvent. The immobile finished products are applied in L-lysine production, their reusing ability is 3 times and the total yield of L-lysine was accumulated 93 g/L in medium during 96 fermented hours. The L-lysine productivity of the batch fermentation was 0.969 g.L^-1.h^-1. And the set-up storage conditions are the mixed solvent of CaCl₂ 0.5% (w/v) and KCl 0.5% (w/v); pH is 7.0 in 40C. After 60 storage days, the survival cell rate was remained 51%.
Keywords: Corynebacterium glutamicum, kappa carrageenan, entrapment, micro-entrapment, Plackett-Burman, Response Surface Methods, Central Composite Designs, L-lysine production, batch fermentation

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Tam Thi Minh Tran, Suong Thi Hong Nguyen, Huong Thuy Nguyen, "Determination of Immobilization Process Parameters of Corynebacterium glutamicum on Kappa carrageenan, Its Application in L-lysine Fermentation and The Investigation Into Its Storage Conditions"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Higher Productivity achievement is very crucial factor for the field of production. With the High productivity various other factors must be taken in to consideration in manufacturing industries such as global competitors, diversity in product range, lead time and customer demand in terms of quality and quantity. A new benchmark called Six Sigma has been invented for dealing with all these needs. Six sigma is a quality initiative which reduces variations in a process and helps to lower the cost of product as well as process. The objective of this paper is to review and examine the advancement and encounters of six sigma practices in Global manufacturing Industries and identify the key tools for each step in successful Six Sigma project execution. The paper also integrates the lessons learned from successful six sigma projects and their prospective applications in various manufacturing Industries. In today scenario, many global manufacturing industries operate their processes at the two to four sigma quality levels.
Key words: Six Sigma, DMAIC, review, Tools and Techniques.

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Riddhish Thakore, Rajat Dave, Tejas Parsana, Amit Solanki, "A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing Industries" Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to define and study the intuitionistic semi open sets in intuitionistic topological space. Also some properties of this set are discussed.
Keywords: Intuitionistic semi open set, Intuitionistic limit point, Intuitionistic interior, Intuitionistic closure, Intuitionistic topological space.

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S.Girija and Gnanambal Ilango, "Some More Results on Intuitionistic Semi Open Sets"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

clutch plate is one of the important part in the power transmission systems. Good design of clutch provides better engine performance. Clutch is device which is used to engage or disengage of gears and it transfers the rotary motion of one shaft to the other shaft when desired. In automobiles friction clutches are widely used in power transmission applications. To transmit maximum torque in friction clutches selection of the friction material is one of the important tasks. In this thesis a model of Piaggio Ape clutch plate has been generated in Pro-E Cre0-5 and then imported in ANSYS for power transmission applications. We have conducted structural analysis by varying the friction surfaces material and keeping base material aluminium same. By seeing the results, Comparison is done for both materials to validate better lining material for Piaggio Ape clutch plate by doing analysis on clutch with help of ANSYS software for find out which material is best for the lining of friction surfaces.
Keywords: cork, cr2m, cre0-5 , Kevlar, Piaggio ape , sa80, sa92…..

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B.Sreedher, N.Amaranageswararao, "Stress Analysis and Optimization of a Piaggio Ape Clutch Plate with different Friction Materials"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Clutch is a mechanical device, which is used to engage or disengage the source of power from the rest of the power transmission system at the operator's will. The clutch can connect or disconnect the driving shaft from the driven shaft when necessary. Clutches are designed to transfer maximum torque with minimum heat generation. During engagement and disengagement the two clutch discs has the sliding motion between them. The project contains that designing and analysis of two positive multi friction plates. For the designing of the friction plates 3d modeling software used and for the analysis ansys package is used. In the analysis part the two models are analyzed with different materials by conducting two types of analysis which are structural and thermal. Structural analysis is done to find out the stress values and the thermal analysis done to find out the temperature distribution on the model. By these two analysis results we are suggesting the best material to the effective model of the multiple friction plate.
Keywords: friction plates , Kevlar 49, LO31, Positive clutch plate , RP01….

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Shaik Mohammad Ali, N.Amaranageswararao, "Static & Thermal Analysis of Positive Multiple Friction Plate using FEA Package"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The compressor compresses its working fluid by first accelerating the fluid and then diffusing it to obtain a pressure increase. In an axial flow compressor, air passes from one stage to the next, each stage raising the pressure slightly. The energy level of air or gas flowing through it is increased by the action of the rotor blades which exert a torque on the fluid which is supplied by an electric motor or a steam or a gas turbine. In this present work we are taken the existing model of transonic compressor test rotors which contains 18 blades. The model was modeled in Pro-E Creo 5.0 with existing dimensions and analyzed using Ansys14.5. For the analysis we are taken two different materials and compared the values. For the further extension we changed the existing mode by decreasing the number of blades and analyzed with different materials. The developed stress values of the existing model are compares with the modified models. Our objective is to increase the performance of the rotor blade by changing the materials and the model. From the observation we will suggest which model is suitable for the compressor rotor.
Keywords: Ansys14.5, compressor , chromium steel , Pro-E Creo 5.0, Rotor & Titanium (g-5)

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Munagunuri Suneel Babu, N.Amaranageswararao, "Analysis of a Compessor Rotor using Finite Element Analysis"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A spring is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to compress when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. A spring is a flexible element used to exert a force or a torque and, at the same time, to store energy. The force can be a linear push or pull, or it can be radial. In two wheelers we used to see helical suspension at the front and rear tyres on both sides. But the new model bikes are replacing the rear double suspension with the single heavy duty suspension. Our project deals with the design and modification of the suspension system and analyzing that can we replace one heavy duty spring in the place of double springs. For this we have conducted structural analysis by varying the spring material and keeping base material same. By seeing the results, Comparison is done for four materials to validate better material for suspension system by doing analysis on spring with help of ANSYS software for find out which material is best for the suspension system. And also we modified the actual model and also conducting the same analysis on it and validating that which model is better. The modeling done in Creo-5 and analysis is done Ansys package.
Keywords: ANSYS, Creo-5, high carbon spring wire, non ferrous alloy wire & high temp alloy wire.

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Koneti.Manikanta, N.Amaranageswararao, "Modification of a Two Wheeler Suspension System using Fea"Vol. 4 - Issue 11 (November - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com