Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

VANET provide facility for the vehicles on roads to communicate for driving safety. The basic idea is to allow arbitrary vehicles to broadcast ad hoc messages to other vehicles. However, this raises the issue of security and privacy. Here, we have described various existing solutions/protocols that are used in order to satisfy the security and privacy requirement of the vehicular ad hoc network. We have also described security issues and challenges in VANET. We have presented various security attributes that may be considered as criteria to measure security such as availability, confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation. This paper also give the detail information of some of the schemes such as RAISE ,IBV with their pros and cons.
Keywords: Navigation, On board Unit(OBU), Road Side Unit(RSU), Signature Verification, Tamper Proof Device, Vehicular ad hoc network.

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Rukaiya Y. Shaikh, Gulab R.Shaikh, "Survey on VSPN: VANET-Based Secure and Privacy-Preserving Navigation" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The focus of this paper is on I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol interface between Master Bus protocol and slave. Here we are interfacing between micro-controller and DS1307. I²C bus protocol sends 8 bit data from micro-controller to DS1307. This module was designed in VHDL and simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.2. I²C and optimized for area and power. This concept is widely applicable from any high speed device or low speed device to any low speed device or high speed device. This module acts as a slave for the DS1307 at the same time acts like a master for the micro-controller device which can be considered as a slave. . It can be used to interface low speed peripherals like motherboard, embedded system, mobile phones, set top boxes, DVD, PDA's or other electronic devices.

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Regu Archana, Mr. J.V.Rao, "Implementation of I2C Master Bus Protocol on FPGA" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Rizgar Amin Agha and Samal Muhammad Rashid, "A Proposed Equation for Elastic Modulus of High-Strength Concrete Using Local Aggregates in Iraq" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This Paper Proposes the T-algorithm technique to optimize the testing Skewed Load and Broadside architecture. And the architecture used to the compare the test pattern results. In this architecture, T-algorithm used to optimize the testing architecture. This architecture compare the test pattern output for the required any type of combinational architecture. The optimization process mainly focused by gate optimization for secure architecture. The proposed system to use the T-algorithm, to optimize the testing clocking level for the required test patterns. This technique to replace the flip flop and the mux arrangement. To reduce the flip flops in Skewed Load architecture. And to develop the accuracy for testing architecture. The proposed system consists of the secure testing architecture and includes the XOR-gate architecture. So the modification process applied by the Broadside and over all Skewed Load architecture. The proposed technique to check the scanning results for the testing process. The testing architecture mainly used to the error attack for the scanning process and the scanning process work with any type of testing architecture. The scanning process to be secure using the T-algorithm for the Skewed Load architecture. And to develop the testing process for the fault identification process. The diagnosis technique to detect error for the scanning process in any type combinational architecture. The T-algorithm used to reduce the circuit complexity for the testing architecture and the testing architecture used to reduce the delay level. And the future process, this technique used to reduce the gate level for the sticky comparator architecture and to modify the clocking function for the testing process. This technique to develop the accuracy level for the testing process compare to the present methodology.
Keywords: Broadside Transition, Reduction of Flip-flops, Reduction of circuit complexity, Skewed Load, XOR gate Architecture

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Mrs. A.Jyothi, Ms. P.Priyadharshika, "Enhanced Skewed Load and Broadside Power Reduction in Transition Fault Testing" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Forging companies, especially in the business of manufacture of heavy forged parts are embedded in the supply chain of critical components of capital goods across various industries. These forged parts form a significant portion of the total raw material requirement of the capital goods equipment and is generally on the critical path of project schedule.Failure to meet delivery schedule poses huge threat to the success of the customer's project. Delivery of these forged items is delayed in an event of failure to meet customer's quality requirements.Various other uncertainties during the project lifecyclecan also cause delayed delivery. Accordingly, risk management methodologies when employed by the forging supplier to the manufacturing project can result in successful achievement of delivery timelines. The present study is intended to identify the risks (threats) to quality and delivery in manufacture of heavy forged components and create a Risk breakdown structure (RBS) as a reference for further risk planning by the forging supplier.

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V.B. Buch*PMP, D.K.Singh, A.K. Sharma, "Identification of Project Risks & Risk Breakdown Structure In Manufacture of Heavy Forgings" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Neural networks have attractiveness to several researchers due to their great closeness to the structure of the brain, their characteristics not shared by many traditional systems. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a network of interconnected artificial processing elements (called neurons) that co-operate with one another in order to solve specific issues. ANNs are inspired by the structure and functional aspects of biological nervous systems. Neural networks, which recognize patterns and adopt themselves to cope with changing environments. Fuzzy inference system incorporates human knowledge and performs inferencing and decision making. The integration of these two complementary approaches together with certain derivative free optimization techniques, results in a novel discipline called Neuro Fuzzy. In Neuro fuzzy development a specific approach is called Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), which has shown significant results in modeling nonlinear functions. The basic idea behind the paper is to design a system that uses a fuzzy system to represent knowledge in an interpretable manner and have the learning ability derived from a Runge-Kutta learning method (RKLM) to adjust its membership functions and parameters in order to enhance the system performance. The problem of finding appropriate membership functions and fuzzy rules is often a tiring process of trial and error. It requires users to understand the data before training, which is usually difficult to achieve when the database is relatively large. To overcome these problems, a hybrid of Back Propagation Neural network (BPN) and RKLM can combine the advantages of two systems and avoid their disadvantages.
Keywords: ANFIS, Back propagation learning ,Gradient Descent method, membership function, Runge-Kutta Algorithm,

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C.Loganathan & K.V.Girija, "Investigations on Hybrid Learning in ANFIS" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

DC conductivity of PVA-CuO nano-composite films have been studied in the present work. The composites were prepared by solution-casting technique. The prepared PVA-CuO composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS); which confirmed the presence of CuO in polyvinyl alcohol and the formation of the composite. DC conductivity studies show thermally activated behavior of all the composites. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behavior of all the compositions. The activation energy increases as the content of CuO nanoparticles increases from 1 to 4 in wt% in the PVA- CuO nano-composites. Maximum conductivity was observed in 4 wt% of CuO in polyvinyl alcohol.
Keywords: DC conductivity, FTIR, Nano copper oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, X-ray diffraction.

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Chivukula Srikanth, Chakradhar Sridhar B, B.M.Nagabhushana and R.D.Mathad, "Characterization and DC Conductivity of Novel CuO doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nano-composite Films"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study represents simulation of Airfoil composite beam by using Monte Carlomethod. A three dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of NACA0012 airfoil composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress was objective function. Chord length , beam length ,elastic modulus in XY,YZ,XZ,shear modulus of epoxy graphite in in XY,YZ,XZ, ply angle and ply thickness of airfoil section, force are varied within effective range and their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce bending stress under static loading condition.
Keywords: Airfoil wing, Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Mr.Sachin M. Shinde, Prof.Dr.B.P. Ronge, Prof.Dr.P.M.Pawar, "Probabilistic Design Hollow of Airfoil Wing by Using Finite Element Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Chimneys are a part of industrial growth in any country. Most current chimney design standards require analysis of dynamic analysis of chimney for earthquake and wind induced loads. Because of variation in dimensions of chimney along its height structural analysis such as wind oscillations have become more critical. If ductility is an important consideration in earthquake resistant design, control of deflection become critical in wind induced vibrations. Pendulum dampers are of the devices to control the deflection. In the present work pendulum dampers of different natural frequencies have been tried. The one which has the largest equivalent logarithmic decrement is found to reduce the response significantly. The response is compared with that of chimney with a tip mass. The paper discusses the dynamic analysis of 150m high RCC chimney subjected to wind. Analysis has been carried out for fixed base case.
Key words: Pendulum, Logarithmic decrement, Wind Analysis, Time-History analysis, Sinusoidal Force

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Dr. B K Raghu Prasad, Nitin Shepur, Dr. Amarnath K, "Pendulum Dampers for Tall RC Chimney Subjected To Wind" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Future wireless communication systems can utilize the spatial properties of the wireless channel to enhance the spectral efficiency and therefore increases its channel capacity. This can be designed by deploying multiple antennas at both the transmitter side and receiver side. The basic measure of performance is the capacity of a channel; the maximum rate of communication for which arbitrarily small error probability can be achieved. The AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel introduces the notion of capacity through a heuristic argument. The AWGN channel is then used as a basic building block to check the capacity of wireless fading channels in contrast to the AWGN channel. There is no single definition of capacity for fading channels that is applicable in all situations. Several notions of capacity are developed, and together they form a systematic study of performance limits of fading channels. The various capacity measures allow us to observe clearly the various types of resources available in fading channels: degrees of freedom, power and diversity. The MIMO systems capacity can be enhanced linearly with large the number of antennas. This paper elaborates the study of MIMO system capacity using the AWGN Channel Model, Channel Capacity, Channel Fast Fading, Spatial Autocorrelation and Power delay profile for various channel environments.
Keywords: MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO, AWGN, System Capacity and Waterfilling.

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Hussain Bohra, Mahesh Kumar Porwal, "Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Most of the PV systems are designed with transformer for safety purpose with galvanic isolation. However, the transformer is big, heavy and expensive. Also, it reduces the overall frequency of the conversion stage. Generally PV inverter with transformer is having good efficiency. To overcome these problems, transformer less PV system is introduced. It is smaller, lighter, cheaper and higher in efficiency. However, dangerous leakage current will flow between PV array and the grid due to the stray capacitance. There are different types of configurations available for transformer less inverters like H5, H6, HERIC, and Dual paralleled buck inverter. But each configuration is suffering from its own disadvantages like high conduction losses, shoot-through issues of switches, dead-time requirements at zero crossing instants of grid voltage to avoid grid shoot-through faults and MOSFET reverse recovery issues. The main objective of the proposed transformer less inverter is to address two key issues: One key issue for a transformer less inverter is that it is necessary to achieve high efficiency compared to other existing inverter topologies. Another key issue is that the inverter configuration should not have any shoot-through issues for higher reliability.
Key words: MOSFET, High Efficiency, inverter topologies, transformer less PV system

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N.SivaPrasad, SK.Sajith, "Transformerless Topology for Grid-Conected Inverters With Unipolar PWM Control" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper describes the Smart Vehicle Screening System, which can be installed into a tollbooth for automated recognition of vehicle license plate information using a photograph of a vehicle. An automated system could then be implemented to control the payment of fees, parking areas, highways, bridges or tunnels, etc. There are considered an approach to identify vehicle through recognizing of it license plate using image fusion, neural networks and threshold techniques as well as some experimental results to recognize the license plate successfully.
Keywords: License plate recognition, real world application, pattern recognition, segmentation

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Ketan S. Shevale, "Automated License Plate Recognition for Toll Booth Application" 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Production of biofuel such as ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a beneficial way to meet sustainability and energy security in the future. The main challenge in bioethanol conversion is the high cost of processing, in which enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are the major steps. Among the strategies to lower processing costs are utilizing both glucose and xylose sugars present in biomass for conversion. An approach featuring enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps, identified as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was used in this work. Proposed solution is to use "pre-processing" technologies, including the thermal screw press (TSP) and cellulose-organic-solvent based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) pretreatments. Such treatments were conducted on a widely available feedstock such as source separated organic waste (SSO) to liberate all sugars to be used in the fermentation process. Enzymatic hydrolysis was featured with addition of commercial available enzyme, Accellerase 1500, to mediate enzymatic hydrolysis process. On average, the sugar yield from the TSP and COSLIF pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was remarkable at 90%. In this work, evaluation of the SSO hydrolysate obtained from COSLIF and enzymatic hydrolysis pretreaments on ethanol yields was compared by fermentation results with two different recombinant strains: Zymomonas mobilis 8b and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DA2416. At 48 hours of fermentation, ethanol yield was equivalent to 0.48g of ethanol produced per gram of SSO biomass by Z.mobilis 8b and 0.50g of ethanol produced per gram of SSO biomass by S. cerevisiae DA2416. This study provides important insights for investigation of the source-separated organic (SSO) waste on ethanol production by different strains and becomes a useful tool to facilitate future process optimization for pilot scale facilities.
Key Words: enzyme, ethanol, lignocellulose, organic waste

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Valeriy Bekmuradov, Grace Luk and Robin Luong, "Comparative Ethanol Productivities of Two Different Recombinant Fermenting Strains on Source-Separated Organic Waste" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Keywords: RF currents: Radio Frequency currents EMI/EMC: Electromagnetic interference/ Electromagnetic compatibility

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P.Chennakesavarao, P.Srihari, "A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power Electronics" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Cellular communications has experienced explosive growth in the past two decades. Today millions of people around the world use cellular phones. Cellular phones allow a person to make or receive a call from almost anywhere. Likewise, a person is allowed to continue the phone conversation while on the move. Cellular communications is supported by an infrastructure called a cellular network, which integrates cellular phones into the public switched telephone network. The cellular network has gone through three generations.The first generation of cellular networks is analog in nature. To accommodate more cellular phone subscribers, digital TDMA (time division multiple access) and CDMA (code division multiple access) technologies are used in the second generation (2G) to increase the network capacity. With digital technologies, digitized voice can be coded and encrypted. Therefore, the 2G cellular network is also more secure. The third generation (3G) integrates cellular phones into the Internet world by providing highspeed packet-switching data transmission in addition to circuit-switching voice transmission. The 3G cellular networks have been deployed in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States since 2002 and will be widely deployed in the coming years. The high increase in traffic and data rate for future generations of mobile communication systems, with simultaneous requirement for reduced power consumption, makes Multihop Cellular Networks (MCNs) an attractive technology. To exploit the potentials of MCNs a new network paradigm is proposed in this paper. In addition, a novel sequential genetic algorithm (SGA) is proposed as a heuristic approximation to reconfigure the optimum relaying topology as the network traffic changes. Network coding is used to combine the uplink and downlink transmissions, and incorporate it into the optimum bidirectional relaying with ICI awareness. Numerical results have shown that the algorithms suggested in this thesis provide significant improvement with respect to the existing results, and are expected to have significant impact in the analysis and design of future cellular networks.
Keywords: cooperative diversity, dynamic traffic distribution, intercell interference, multicast, multihop cellular network, network optimization, reuse factor, routing, scheduling, topology control.

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B.Shantha Kumari, Mr. Mohammed Ali Shaik Asst. Prof, "Dynamic Topology Re-Configuration in Multihop Cellular Networks Using Sequential Genetic Algorithm" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. But the future of automobile based on internal combustion engines has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10% 20% and 30% of ethanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with ethanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption showed comparable performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.

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Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava, "Experimental investigation of ethanol blends with gasoline on SI engine" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This study represents simulation of hollow circular composite beam by using Monte Carlo method .A three dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of hollow circular composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress was objective function. Beam length, beam radius, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio of epoxy graphite, ply angles of hollow circular section, radius and force are randomly varied within effective range and their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce bending stress under static loading condition.
Keywords: Hollow circular beam, Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Mr. Shinde Sachin M, "Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite Element Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Today's Indian scenario is facing an unprecedented energy crisis as the conventional energy resources of India are consistently deteriorating with the limited stock of these natural minerals posing a staggering threat to the Indian economy. Among all the available resources biomass proves to be a satisfactory substitute for compensating the energy void due to these natural resources. Biomass is a renewable resource with almost zero net CO2 emission which is processed with the help of biomass gasifier which is concurrently used with a chir pine needle. The performance of the biomass gasifier system is evaluated in terms of equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency. The experimental results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Keywords: Biomass, gasification, chir pine needle, downdraft gasifier, equivalence ratio

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Mr. Akhilesh Kumar, Mr. Ravindra Randa, "Experimental Analysis of a Producer Gas Generated by a Chir Pine Needle (Leaf) in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In a Quasi stationary sources time utilization takes a major role. To implement the delay limited transmission of Quasi stationary sources over block fading channels is considered. Here to reduce the delay we propose the power adaption schemes here we can implement the analytical distortion outage probability as performance measure and also derive the power of each transmission scheme.transmission are presented. The first one is optimizedfor fixed rate transmission, and hence enjoys simplicity of implementation. The second one is a high performance scheme, which also benefits from optimized rate adaptation with respect to source and channel states.for High SNR regime ,the asymptotic outage distortion gain are derived.here another two schemes with fixed transmission powers and adaptive rates are consider for comparisions here source and channel coded optimized power adaption scheme outperforms compare to other schemes,by adding the low density parity check method the delay can be reduced rapidly by using the proposed method.
Keywords: Quasi stationary sources, Channel coding ,Block fading channels

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, J. Anusha, "Delay Limited Transmission Techniques with Low Density Parity Check Method of Quasi Stationary Sources Over Block Fading Channels" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a new simple relayingstrategy based on bit-interleaved convolutionally coded starquadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) along with coherent/ noncoherent detection. Exploiting this property, a hard limiter is used to enhance power amplifier (PA) efficiency at the relay.here we are using the higher order modulation for improving relay communication and also employ the accurate relay technique.Moreover, we show that the proposedapproach retains differential detectability, which results in a significant reduction of receiver complexity with robustness against phase ambiguityBy analyzing our proposed method in terms of asymptotic pairwise error probability(PEP),Furthermore, theeffectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of PA efficiency is confirmed by comparing the statistical distributions of the corresponding instantaneous signal power.and also implement the PEP in MIMO systems for improving the power efficiency.All the theoretical results agree with those obtained by computer simulations.
Keywords: Cooperative diversity, power amplifier (PA)efficiency, star-quadrature amplitude modulation (star-QAM), differential amplitude-and-phase shift keying (DAPSK), amplify and- forward (AF),MIMO systems.

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, G. Sirisha, "Improving Power Efficiency in Cooperative Diversity and Mimo Systems by Using Star Qam" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Due to the degradation of observed image the noisy, blurred, Distorted image can be occurred .for restoring image information we propose the sparse representations by conventional modelsmay not be accurate enough for a faithful reconstruction of the original image. To improve the performance of sparse representation-based image restoration,In this method the sparse coding noise is added for image restoration, due to this image restoration the sparse coefficients of original image can be detected. The so-called nonlocally centralized sparse representation (NCSR) model is as simple as the standard sparse representation model,for denoising the image here we use the Histogram clipping method by using histogram based sparse representation effectively reduce the noise.and also implement the TMR filter for Quality image.various types of image restoration problems, including denoising, deblurring and super-resolution, validate the generality and state-of-the-art performance of the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Image restoration, nonlocal similarity, sparserepresentation, histogram clipping.

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, K. Ravibabu, K. Sateesh Kumar, "Image Restoration and Denoising By Using Nonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation and Histogram Clipping" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. And it runs on fossil fuel. But the excessive use of fossil fuels will very soon leads to the energy crises so the future of automobile based on fossil fuels has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% of methanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with methanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption showed improved performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Keywords: Brake thermal efficiency, Blends, ethanol, gasoline, methanol,

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Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava, "Experimental investigation of Methanol blends with gasoline on SI engine" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Analysis of heat distribution, thermal stresses and strain for engine cylinder and fins are discussed in this paper. The cylinder and fins being analysed using finite (FE) software ANSYS AND by FE (simple model). When a cylinder is subjected to certain pressure and temperature thermal distribution and thermal stresses analysis of cylinder is necessary to avoid the failure during working condition. In this work the temperature distribution and thermal stresses are evaluated by considering only temperature effect, temperature and gas pressure effect and also evaluate the same by considering the effect of cylinder head.

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Mr. H.N. Gandate, Dr. D.V. Bhope, "Investigation of Heat Transfer Through Fins Using Fem" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

We consider the large scale MIMO systems in which the number of users are gradually increased at that time the receiving antennas performance also decreased gradually. In contrast, almost no analytical results are available for macro diversity systems where both the sources and receive antennas are widely separated. Here, receive antennas experience unequal average SNRs from a source and receiver antenna receives a different average SNR from each source. Although this is an extremely difficult problem,In this paper, we provide approximate distributions for the output SNR of a ZF receiver and the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of an MMSE receiver. In addition, simple high SNR approximations are provided for the symbol error rate (SER) of both receivers assuming M-PSK or M-QAM modulations .For better performance of receivers we can also implement the MMSE and ZF analysis in Wimax networks.
Keywords: Macrodiversity, MMSE, ZF, outage probability, optimum combining, zero-forcing, Network MIMO, CoMP

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Dr.T.V.S.Prasad Gupta, K.Ravibabu, T.ManasaVeena, "MMSE and ZF Analysis of Macrodiversity MIMO Systems and Wimax Networks over Flat Rayleigh Fading Paths" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Transmission video over ad hoc networks has become one of the most important and interesting subjects of study for researchers and programmers because of the strong relationship between video applications and frequent users of various mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones in all aspects of life. However, many challenges, such as packet loss, congestion (i.e., impairments at the network layer), multipath fading (i.e., impairments at the physical layer) [1], and link failure, exist in transferring video over ad hoc networks; these challenges negatively affect the quality of the perceived video [2].This study has investigated video transfer over ad hoc networks. The main challenges of transferring video over ad hoc networks as well as types of errors that may occur during video transmission, various types of video mechanisms, error correction methods, and different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that affect the quality of the received video are also investigated.
Keywords: ad hoc, automatic repeat request, congestion, forward error correction, link failure.

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Osamah Ibrahem Khalaf, Norrozila Sulaiman, Ghaidaa Muttasher Abdulsahib, "Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods on Mobile Ad hoc Networks in NS2" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com