Peer Reviewed Journal

Abstract:

The gear box represents an important mechanical sub system. In machine tools, the propose of a gear box is to provide a series of useful output speeds so that the machining operation can be carried out at its most optimum operating conditions high spindle speeds with low feed rate for roughing operations. An important aspect in the design of machine tool transmission is to keep the cost and volume of the gear box to a minimum. The probabilistic approach to design has been considered to be more rational compared to the conventional design approach based on the factor of safety. The existence of uncertainties in either engineering simulations or manufacturing processes calls for a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) model for robust and cost-effective designs. In the present work a three shaft four speed gear box is designed using reliability principles. For the specified reliability of the system (Gear box), component reliability (Gear pair) is calculated by considering the system as a series system. Design is considered to be safe and adequate if the probability of failure of gear box is less than or equal to a specified quantity in each of the two failure modes. A FORTRAN program has been developed to calculate the mean values of face widths of gears for the minimum mass of gear box. By changing the probability of failure of system variations in the face widths are studied. The reliability based optimum design results are compared with those obtained by deterministic optimum design. The minimum mass of the gear box is increase as the specified values of the reliability is increased.
Keywords: Reliability based optimum Design, four speed gear box.

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D.Madhusekhar, Dr. K. Madhava reddy, "Reliability Based Optimum Design of a Gear Box" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

With a growing pressure in identifying the skilled resources in Clinical Data Management (CDM) world of clinical research organizations, to provide the quality deliverables most of the CDM organizations are planning to improve the skills within the organization. In changing CDM landscape the ability to build, manage and leverage the skills of clinical data managers is very critical and important. Within CDM to proactively identify, analyze and address skill gaps for all the roles involved. In addition to domain skills, the evolving role of a clinical data manager demands diverse skill sets such as project management, six sigma, analytical, decision making, communication etc. This article proposes a methodology of skill gap analysis (SGA) management as one of the potential solutions to the big skill challenge that CDM is gearing up for bridging the gap of skills. This would in turn strength the CDM capability, scalability, consistency across geographies along with improved productivity and quality of deliverables
Keywords: Skill gap analysis, CDM, Lean

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Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah, "Skill Gap Analysis for Improved Skills and Quality Deliverables" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
Keywords: Lean, Process Analysis, DILO, Time and Motion, NVA, WIP

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Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah, "Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean Principles" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Since the invention of the wheel, Man has sought to reduce effort to get things done easily. Ultimately, it has resulted in the invention of the Robot, an Engineering Marvel. Up until now, the biggest factor that hampers wide proliferation of robots is locomotion and maneuverability. They are not dynamic enough to conform even to the most commonplace terrain such as stairs. To overcome this, we are proposing a stair climbing robot that looks a lot like the human leg and can adjust itself according to the height of the step. But, we are currently developing a unit to carry payload of about 4 Kg. The automatic adjustment in the robot according to the height of the stair is done by connecting an Android device that has an application programmed in OpenCV with an Arduino in Host mode. The Android Device uses it camera to calculate the height of the stair and sends it to the Arduino for further calculation. This design employs an Arduino Mega ADK 2560 board to control the robot and other home fabricated custom PCB to interface it with the Arduino Board. The bot is powered by Li-Ion batteries and Servo motors.
Key words: Robot, Arduino, Climbing Robot, OpenCV.

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Jeyabalaji Chandrasekaran, Vimalkhanna Vadivelu, Avinashilingam Nanjappan, Mohamed Zeeshan. M. A. and Harish Kumar Nagarajan, "Design of Low Cost Stair Climbing Robot Using Arduino" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 30C45.
Keywords: irrigation, impacts, salinity, ground water, chemical properties

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Gurmeet Singh, "Hankel Determinent for Certain Classes of Analytic Functions" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In this paper we have analyzed the Mathematical modeling of Syphilis disease, Syphilis is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex. Occasionally, the disease can be passed to another person through prolonged kissing or close bodily contact. Although this disease is spread from sores, the vast majority of those sores go unrecognized. The infected person is often unaware of the disease and unknowingly passes it on to his or her sexual partner. Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child. Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
Keywords: modeling, contagious diseases, epidemics, stratified populations, susceptible, chain-branched reactions

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G.Prabhakararao, "Mathematical Modeling Of Syphilis Disease A Case Study With Reference To Anantapur District- Andhrapradesh- India" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Occlusions around facial parts complicate the task of recognizing facial expressions from their facial images. We propose facial expressions recognition method based on local facial regions, which provides better recognition rate in the presence of facial occlusions. Proposed method uses Uniform Local Binary pattern as a feature extractor, which extract discriminative features from some important parts of facial image. Feature vectors are classified using simplest classifier that is template matching with chi square distance measure. Extensive experiments are performed on JAFFE database.
Keywords: Chi Square Distance Measure, Facial Expressions, Feature Vectors, Template Matching, Uniform Local Binary Pattern.

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Ankita Vyas, Ramchand Hablani, "Effect of Different Occlusion on Facial Expressions Recognition" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) design and analysis procedures defines the exact traffic loading by defining the specific number of each vehicle class and the use of axle load distribution factors instead of the equivalent single axle load (ESAL). The number of traffic inputs (parameters) in MEPDG was found to be 17024. This research aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted flexible pavement distress to vehicle class and tire pressure in MEPDG. To evaluate the impact of vehicle (truck) class on pavement sections, different cases of loading were analyzed. For each case, the MEPDG Ver. 1.1 was used to evaluate the effect of tire pressure by solving each case for a tire pressure of 120 and 140 psi. The effect of the traffic parameters on asphalt pavement (AC) rutting, base rutting, subgrade rutting, international roughness index (IRI), longitudinal cracking and fatigue (alligator) cracking were investigated. It was found that vehicle class distribution (VCD) would cause clear impact (comparable to the effect of AADTT level) only if the major traffic is of specific class (very light or very heavy). If this is not the case, the vehicle class distribution will not be a significant factor that affects the final design because most of the trucks had similar impact on flexible pavement distresses. The impact of tire pressure is clear on longitudinal cracking, fatigue cracking and AC rutting, and have no significant impact on both base and subgrade rutting.
Keywords: MEPDG, Traffic Analysis, Flexible Pavement, Tire Pressure, Vehicle Class Distribution

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Mohamed I. E. Attia, and Manal A. Ahmed, "Impact of Vehicle Class and Tire Pressure on Pavement Performance in MEPDG" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not consider that the relationships of prerequisites between the skills are fuzzy relationships. In this article, we describe a new approach of a practical application of fuzzy logic techniques to the construction of learning hierarchies. For this, we use a learning hierarchy predefined by one or more experts of a specific field. However, the relationships of prerequisites between the skills in the learning hierarchy are not definitive and they are fuzzy relationships. Indeed, we measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this learning hierarchy and we try to answer to the following question: Is the relationships of prerequisites predefined in initial learning hierarchy are correctly established or not?
Key words: Learning hierarchy, Fuzzy Sets Theory, Fuzzy relationships, Data mining

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Ali AAJLI, Karim AFDEL, "A New Approach of Learning Hierarchy Construction Based on Fuzzy Logic" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The study assessed the suitability of low-cost natural adsorbent to effectively remediate fluoride contaminated water. The removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using Strychnos Potatorum was studied in batch technique. Influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, co ions, speed and initial concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The maximum removal of fluoride ion was obtained at pH 7. The removal of fluoride was expressed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It was found that the sufficient time for adsorption equilibrium of fluoride ion was 1 hour. The removal of fluoride ions was maximum for the adsorbent dosage of SP is 50mg/50ml. The fluoride adsorption was maximum at 60minutes. The adsorption of F- ion was maximum in the shaking speed of 120 rpm. The presence of interfering ions such as nitrate and carbonate showed positive effect while sulphate and chloride showed little negative effect and phosphate showed high negative effect for the adsorbent. The optimum initial fluoride concentration for SP adsorbent was 1mg/50ml.
Keywords: Fluoride, SP- Strychnos Potatorum , fluoride, low-cost natural adsorbent

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S.Rayappan, B.Jeyaprabha, P.Prakash, "Defluoridization Using a Natural Adsorbent, Strychnos Potatorum" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
Index Terms: Brushless DC (BLDC) machine, c-dump converter, flywheel energy storage system.

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Bandaru Ramakrishna, Guguloth Baloji, "A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storage System" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

WEDM is a widely recognized unconventional material cutting process used to manufacture components with complex shapes and profiles of hard materials. In this thermal erosion process, there is no physical contact between the wire tool and work materials. AISI M2 and AISI H13 materials are taken for studyand molybdenum wire electrode diameter (0.18mm); experiment is conducted according to Taguchi‟s L₁₆ OA, with input parameters as Peak current, Pulse on, Pulse off their response on MRR, Surface Roughness, Kerf width & Spark Gap is analysed to check the significance of each using ANOVA. Process parameter optimization is done by Analytic Hierarchy Process with the criteria Maximum MRR, minimum kerf and surface roughness. It is observed that for material AISI M2 at low value of peak current (1 A), pulse off (20μs) and pulse on (30μs) we can minimize surface roughness (3.30μm), kerf width (0.195 mm) and maximize MRR (0.022 g/min),from the selected levels whereas for material AISI H13 Peak current (1A), Pulse On (40μs) and high Pulse Off (30μs) we get better Surface roughness (3.71 μm), kerf width (0.196mm) and maximum MRR (0.020g/min), from the selected levels.
Index Terms: WEDM, DOE, Orthogonal array, MRR, Ra, Kw, AHP, Molybdenum wire.

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Rajkamal Singh Banga, Mukesh Verma, "Process Parameter Optimization of WEDM for AISI M2 & AISI H13 by Anova & Analytic Hierarchy Process" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This paper deals with Speed control of separately excited DC motor using flyback converter with a new non complementary active clamp control method to achieve soft switching and high efficiency for heavy motor load and light load conditions. This is quite attractive for low power application with universal ac inputs, such as external adaptors. With the proposed control technique, the energy in the leakage inductance can be fully recycled. The soft switching can be achieved for the main switch and the absorbed leakage energy is transferred to the output and input side. In the Proposed model the resistive and DC motor is connected to flyback converter and it is simulated with different nominal voltages and rated speed is controlled at different levels for the N-type active clamp flyback converter and P-type active clamp flyback converter respectively. N-type active clamp flyback converter is suitable for high speed variation applications and P-type active clamp flyback converter is suitable for low speed variation applications.
Key Words: Active clamp, flyback, high efficiency, noncomplementary control, Speed control, separately excited D.C Motor.

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M.Subramanyam, K.Eswaramma, "Speed Control Of Separately Excited Dc Motor Using A High Efficiency Flyback Converter With New Active Clamp Technique" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

20% of failures in Gas Insulated Substations are due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. These particles may be free to move in the electric field or may be fixed on the conductors, thus enhancing local surface fields. In this paper a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct with inner and outer diameter to 55mm and 152 mm is considered. In this paper multiple particles i.e three particle of different sizes are considered. These three particles are assumed to be rest at a position. Basic equations for the movement of three metallic particles are formulated. The motion of the three particles are simulated for different voltages using MATLAB. Effect of multiple particles for various electric fields on particle movement are analyzed and time of collisions of the particle at first time is determined for various voltages. Particles of copper of 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm radius, 10 mm length and 0.15 mm radius and 7 mm and 0.25 radius are considered. The results show that the three particle collide at different points depending on the particles positions. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed.
Keywords: multiple particles , Gas Insulated Substations, Particle Contamination, MATLAB.

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Ranuva Nageswara Rao, Dr. S.S Tulasiram, "Effect of simultaneous movement of multiple particles under electric field in a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

The disc brake is a device used for slowing or stopping the rotation of the vehicle. Number of times using the brake for vehicle leads to heat generation during braking event, such that disc brake undergoes breakage due to high Temperature. Disc brake model is done by CATIA and analysis is done by using ANSYS workbench. The main purpose of this project is to study the Thermal analysis of the Materials for the Aluminum, Grey Cast Iron, HSS M42, and HSS M2. A comparison between the four materials for the Thermal values and material properties obtained from the Thermal analysis low thermal gradient material is preferred. Hence best suitable design, low thermal gradient material Grey cast iron is preferred for the Disc Brakes for better performance.
Keywords: ANSYS, CATIA, Disc Brake, Thermal Analysis

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Praveena S, Lava Kumar M, Kesavulu A, "Modeling and Thermal Analysis of Disc Brake" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

This report has been compiled on the completion of 3 week summer training at ICAT. It discusses about a very necessary and least popular part of the Automotive Industry i.e. Testing and Certification. It discusses about one of the government notified Testing body ICAT which is one of just 6 such organisations in India.This report deals with the odour quality testing of non-metallic materials that are used for automobile compartment and parts associated with the compartment.
Keywords: Odour Quality, Testing.

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AVIJIT SINGH GANGWAR, "Testing theOdour Quality of Non-Metallic Materials" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

Iris recognition is a biometric technique that offers premium performance. Iris localization is critical to the success of an iris recognition system, since data that is falsely represented as iris pattern data will corrupt the biometric templates generated, resulting in poor recognition rates. So far different algorithms for iris localization having been proposed. This paper explored four efficient methods for iris localization, out of these three methods of iris localization in circular form and one methods of unwrapping the iris in to a flat bed. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate performance evaluation of every implemented algorithms. Conclusion based on comparisons can provide most significant information for further research. A CASIA and UPOL iris databases of iris images has been used for implementation of iris localization General Term Biometrics,Iris Recognition,Iris Localization
Keywords: Circular Iris Localization, Flat bed Iris Localization, Timing Analysis, Accuracy Analysis

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Pravin S.Patil, "Research on Iris Region Localization Algorithms" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Abstract:

A current mode sample and hold circuit is presented in this paper at 180nm technology. The major concerns of VLSI are area, power, delay and speed. Hence, we have used a MOSFET in triode region in the proposed architecture for voltage to current conversion instead of a resistor being used in previously proposed circuit. The proposed circuit achieves high sampling frequency and with more accuracy than the previous one. The performance of the proposed circuit is depicted in the form of simulation results.
Keywords: Sample and Hold, Current Mode Circuits, CMOS

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Prity Yadav, Anu Saini, Mr Sampath kumar v, "Design of a current Mode Sample and Hold Circuit at sampling rate of 150 MS/s" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com