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Volume 4 - Issue 10 (Part - II) October 2014

Resource Dependent Radio Allocation For Battlefield Communications - A Data Model Approach
Gregor Thomeczek, Ian Colwill, Elias Stipidis
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Abstract:

Network Enabled Capability (NEC) and the Land Open Systems Architecture (LOSA) are novel approaches to enable interoperability between a heterogeneous collection of assets in the battlefield. These paradigms utilise an underlying network for cooperation between deployed battlefield equipment. NEC and LOSA have great potential to transform military communications and enhance integrated survivability as well as situational awareness, but the Achilles' heel of NEC and LOSA is the wireless spectrum over which they must communicate. A noisy and dynamic battlefield wireless spectrum as well as an array of heterogeneous wireless communications equipment handling multiple types of data with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements requires a system which manages and allocates these communication resources effectively. This paper presents the High Availability Wireless Communications (HAWC) system, a hardware agnostic communications controller middleware to manage any combination of existing and future multiband wireless resources. The system utilises a vehicle's data model to gather information about available radio resources and enable LOSA by meeting communications data requirements and delivering appropriate QoS to the appropriate traffic in a fleet of vehicles. The functionality of the system is verified by using behavioural simulation on a virtual battlefield.
Keywords: Data Model, Application Aware, Multiband, Vertical Handoff

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Gregor Thomeczek, Ian Colwill, Elias Stipidis , "Resource Dependent Radio Allocation For Battlefield Communications - A Data Model Approach" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Investigating the Benefits of Using Information Systems in Saudi Arabia Construction Projects
Saleh Alatawi
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Abstract:

Constructions is the second growing industry in KSA. The lion share of the national budget is directed to construction projects and this will be continue for at least 10 years or more.Ensuring the success of any construction project, many depend of success of its management. Therefore, recently, research on management of construction projects in KSA has grabbed the highest attention in both academic and industry domains. The main contribution of this paper is proposing of an Information System (IS) to handle the complication of managing construction projects in KSA. The paper starting by defining what is an IS to solve the conflict and misunderstanding between definitions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and IS. Paper is proceed with exploring the reasons behind the complications of construction projects in KSA. These reasons will answer the question of why ICT is not enough to manage construction projects in KSA. Benefits and structure of using the proposed IS in managing construction projects in KSA have been defined.

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Saleh Alatawi, "Investigating the Benefits of Using Information Systems in Saudi Arabia Construction Projects" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Water Of River Mandakini In Chitrakoot Region
I.P.Tripathi, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Arvind dwivedi and Manuja Tripathi
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Abstract:

The river flows in Madhya Pradesh for about 25km, then makes a border of district Satna (Madhya Pradesh) and district Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh) for the next 25km and again enters in Madhya Pradesh just downstream of Sati Anusuiya. After flowing through about 15km more in M.P., it crosses into Uttar Pradesh near Ramghat in Chitrakoot area and later flows only in Uttar Pradesh finally it joins river Yamuna near Rajapur. The present research works identify Physico - Chemical Characteristics of water quality of River Mandakini in Chitrakoot Region. The water samples were analysed some parameter like pH, TDS, TSS, TH, Alkalinity, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, and Sulphate. The pH value was found between 7.49 to 8.5, TDS 290 to 470mg/l, TSS 140 to 192mg/l, TH 250 to 288mg/l, Alkalinity 175 to 198mg/l, DO 3.19 to 6.5mg/l, BOD 2.5 to 12 mg/l, COD 10 to 38mg/l, Nitrate 3 to 9mg/l, Sulphate 3 to 8mg/. Most of the sample BOD and COD are higher than the permissible limit prescribed by WHO (1994) as 6mg/l and 10mg/l respectively.TDS, TSS, TH, Alkalinity, Nitrate and Sulphate of all the results below the WHO recommended values as 500mg/l, 200mg/l, 300mg/l, 200mg/l, 45mg/l, 250mg/l.
Keywords: Drinking water, Physico-chemical, Surface water, Water quality, Water pollution

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I.P.Tripathi, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Arvind dwivedi and Manuja Tripathi, "Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Water Of River Mandakini In Chitrakoot Region" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat Lab
Shaheen.M.Sain, Nene Anita A
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Abstract:

The major prerequisite for the optimum production of methane from a biogas plant is the sustenance of digester temperature within the narrow limits (300C-350C). It is experimentally investigated that, the MIT biogas plant is not maintaining optimum temperature, this decreases the efficiency and increases the detention time for charge. To maintain the plant in optimum temperature, it is necessary to find out the heat losses from the biogas plant and the external energy inputs need to operate the plant. Rate of gas yield, and the detention time (time necessary to anaerobically digest organic wastes) in a biogas reactor, are favorable functions of the temperature in the digester. A thermal simulation for MIT biogas plant has developed using matlab in order to understand the heat transfer from the slurry and the gas holder to the surrounding earth and air respectively. The computation has been performed when the slurry is maintained at 200C and 300C, optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation. If the slurry is considered to be at 350C, the optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation, the total heat loss from the plant is higher than the heat loss when the slurry is maintained at 200C. The heat calculations provide an appraisal for the heat which has to be supplied by external means to compensate for the net heat losses which occur if the slurry is to be maintained at 350C. A solar system with auxiliary electric heater is designed for maintaining the slurry at 350C.In conclusion; the results of thermal analysis are used to define a strategy for operating biogas plant at optimum temperatures.
Key words: Anaerobic fermentation, Biogas plant, Digester, Detention time, Heat loss, Slurry, Solar system, Thermal simulation, MIT, Matlab

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Shaheen.M.Sain, Nene Anita A, "Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat Lab" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrigation Scheme
M.A. Adejumobi, J.O. Ojediran and O.O. Olabiyi
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Abstract:

Irrigation practices have been observed to impact scheme soil properties and other parameters negatively. These could be as a result of irrigation water quality, method of application and nature of scheme soil. This study was therefore conducted to study the effects of irrigation practices on the soils of Omi irrigation scheme Kogi state, Nigeria after 13years of operation. Soil samples were taken at depths 0 – 20 cm (A1), 20 – 80 cm (A2) and 80 – 120 cm (A3) from two operating lands (OL); OL 5 and OL 18 of the study area. The samples were analysed for chemical parameters (pH, CEC, ESP, Mg2+, Ca2+, OM, and OC). The soil pH which was in the neutral range (pH=6.65 to 7.00) at inception of scheme, has become slightly acidic (pH=6.53 to 6.60). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels have also increased from 10cmol+kg-1 to 35cmol+kg-1. While Organic matter (OM) and Organic carbon (OC) also have marked increase in their levels (baseline as 0.93 to 1.08; for year 2013 as 9.52 to 9.79). Generally, the analysis indicated a need for proper monitoring of the scheme soil to prevent further deterioration.
Keywords: irrigation, impacts, salinity, ground water, chemical properties

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M.A. Adejumobi, J.O. Ojediran and O.O. Olabiyi, "Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrigation Scheme" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Improved LSB Steganograhy Technique for grayscale and RGB images
Raju, Mohit Dhanda
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Abstract:

A number of techniques are there to converse securely. Encryption and cryptography are enabling us to have a secure conversation. To protect privacy and communicate in an undetectable way it is required to use some steganography technique. This is to hide messages in some other media generally called cover object. In todays digital world where images are a common means of information sharing, most of the steganography techniques use digital images as a carrier for hiding message. In this paper a LSB based technique is proposed for steganograpgy. This technique is different from standard LSB technique that along with message hidden in LSB bits a part of message also resides at other selective bits using a key. The method is developed to increase the payload capacity and make detection impossible.
Keywords: LSB, peak signal-to-noise ratio, (PSNR), Steganography, Steganalysis, stegokey.

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Raju, Mohit Dhanda, "Improved LSB Steganograhy Technique for grayscale and RGB images" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Content Sharing over Smartphone-Based Delay-Tolerant Networks
L. Ramya Rekha, G. Surekha, Ravi Mathey
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Abstract:

With the growing number of smartphone end users, peer-to-peer ad hoc content giving is likely to occur often. Thus, new articles sharing mechanisms must be developed since traditional information delivery schemes will not be efficient with regard to content sharing due to the sporadic connectivity between smartphones on the market. To obtain data delivery such challenging environments, researchers include proposed the employment of store-carry-forward methodologies, in which a node stores a communication and holds it until a forwarding prospect arises through an encounter together with other nodes. Most past works in this field have dedicated to the conjecture of whether two nodes could encounter the other, without thinking about the place and also time from the encounter. In this particular paper, we propose to her discover-predict-deliver as a possible efficient articles sharing scheme for delay-tolerant touch screen phone networks. In this proposed scheme, contents are usually shared while using the mobility information of people. Specifically, our strategy employs the mobility understanding algorithm to spot places inside your own home and outdoor.
Keywords: Wireless Networks, Location Dependency, DTN

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L. Ramya Rekha, G. Surekha, Ravi Mathey, "Content Sharing over Smartphone-Based Delay-Tolerant Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Quality of service improvement, Handoff Prioritization and Channel utilization for Cellular Network
Anoop Kumar Gangwar, Prof. Virendra Singh
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Abstract:

In this paper Call admission control (CAC) is a significant component in wireless networks to promise quality of service requirements and also to improve the network flexibility. The reliability is measured in terms of quality of service (QoS) and grade of service (GoS). GoS is a call‐level factor, which comprises of a new call blocking probability and handoff call blocking probability. So a robust Call Admission and Power Control Mechanism are desired. An admission control method considering the quality of service (QoS) requirements is accountable for deciding whether an incoming call/connection can be accepted or not. One major challenge in designing a CAC creates due to the fact that the cellular network has to service two major types of calls: new calls and handoff calls. The QoS performances related to these two types of calls are generally measured by new call blocking probability and handoff call dropping probability. Our work advance the dropping and handoff loss probabilities and present a coherent framework for comparative studies of presented approaches, but also helps future researches and developments of new call admission policies.
Keywords: 3G, CAC, GoS, Quality of service.

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Anoop Kumar Gangwar, Prof. Virendra Singh, "Quality of service improvement, Handoff Prioritization and Channel utilization for Cellular Network" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Skin Detection Based on Color Model and Low Level Features Combined with Explicit Region and Parametric Approaches
HARPREET KAUR SAINI, DANVIR MANDAL
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Abstract:

Skin detection is active research area in the field of computer vision which can be applied in the application of face detection, eye detection, etc. These detection helps in various applications such as driver fatigue monitoring system, surveillance system etc. In Computer vision applications, the color model and representations of the human image in color model is one of major module to detect the skin pixels. The mainstream technology is based on the individual pixels and selection of the pixels to detect the skin part in the whole image. In this thesis implementation, we presents a novel technique for skin color detection incorporating with explicit region based and parametric based approach which gives the better efficiency and performances in terms of skin detection in human images. Color models and image quantization technique is used to extract the regions of the images and to represent the image in a particular color model such as RGB and HSV, and then the parametric based approach is applied by selecting the low level skin features are applied to extract the skin and non-skin pixels of the images. In the first step, our technique uses the state-of-the-art non-parametric approach which we call the template based technique or explicitly defined skin regions technique. Then the low level features of the human skin are being extracted such as edge, corner detection which is also known as parametric method. The experimental results depict the improvement in detection rate of the skin pixels by this novel approach. And in the end we discuss the experimental results to prove the algorithmic improvements.
Key words: Skin detection, Color Models, Machine Learning, Image Processing, Computer Vision.

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HARPREET KAUR SAINI, DANVIR MANDAL, "Skin Detection Based on Color Model and Low Level Features Combined with Explicit Region and Parametric Approaches" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In Milling Process
Abdelilah El Mesbahi, Oussama Jaider, Ahmed Rechia
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Abstract:

Manufacturing features play an important role between design information and manufacturing activities. Recently, various efforts have been concentrated in development of automatic feature recognition systems. However, only limited number of features could be recognized, intersecting features were generally not involved. This paper presents a simple system, in which manufacturing features are easily detected using a Chain of Faces and Base of Faces (CF-BF) graph. A feature is modeled by a series/parallel association of opened Chain of Faces (OCF) or Closed chain of Faces (CCF) that rest on a Base Face (BF). The feature is considered Perfect Manufacturing Feature (PMF) if all Faces that participate in constitution of OCF/CCF are blank faces, else it is an Imperfect Manufacturing Feature (IMF). In order to establish news Virtual Faces to satisfy this necessaries condition, a judicious analysis of orientation of frontier faces that rest on BF is performed. The technique was tested on several parts taken from literature and the results were satisfying.
Keywords: CAD/CAPP/CAM, Automatic Feature Recognition, STEP, Milling Process

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Abdelilah El Mesbahi, Oussama Jaider, Ahmed Rechia, "Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In Milling Process" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Advance Digital Video Watermarking based on DWT-PCA for Copyright protection
Sk.Habiba, D.Niranjanbabu
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Abstract:

Now a days there is use of digital multimedia applications are increased. Digital image watermarking techniques can be classified into spatial or transform domains. The spatial domain methods are the simplest watermarking techniques but have low robustness against different attacks, unlike the transform domains watermarking methods are more complex and have high robustness against various attacks. Most commonly used methods of watermarking are discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT).A hybrid digital video watermarking scheme based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These transform domain technique always give more robust output than DCT and DWT The video frames are first decomposed using DWT and the binary watermark is embedded in the principal components of the low frequency wavelet coefficients Here in order to improve the robustness of water mark Haar filtering must be used in order to get PSNR as much as possible Experimental result shows no visible difference between the watermarked frames and original frame. It shows robustness on the watermarked video against various attacks. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is calculated to measure efficiency of this all methods. And this value must be increased up to the level.
Keywords: DWT, DCT, PCA, binary watermark.

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Sk.Habiba, D.Niranjanbabu, "Advance Digital Video Watermarking based on DWT-PCA for Copyright protection" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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