Peer Reviewed Journal

Seasonal Variations Of Heavy Metals In Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) Collected From Sikkak Dam Of Tlemcen (Algeria)

Abstract: Seasonal variations in the concentrations of six heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) were determined from December 2010 to November 2011 in four different tissues (muscles, gills, gonads, and livers) of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L., 1758) from Sikkak dam at Ainyoucef (Wilaya of Tlemcen) which is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in northwest part of Algeria. Heavy metals in fish samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after dry digestion. One-way ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the data among seasons (level of 0,05). Mean concentrations were found to decrease in sequence of Cyprinuscarpio samples, in muscle and liver as Fe > Zn >Pb> Ni > Cu > Cd, in gills as Zn > Fe >Pb> Ni > Cu > Cd, and in gonads Fe > Zn > Ni >Pb> Cu > Cd. In samples Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded the tolerable values provided by FAO/WHO. The highest metals concentrations were found in liver followed by gills, by gonads, and by muscle. Heavy metal levels in tissues of carp were decreased in winter. The obtained results showed that the average values of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni were at the highest levels in summer. The highest Pb levels were measured in the spring and Fe in autumn. It found that all tested metals in organs did not reveal any significant difference between different seasons (P > 0,05), (inter-season comparison).

Key words: Heavy metal, pollution, Cyprinuscarpio, Sikkak dam, Tlemcen.

Reference
[1] S. Tekin-Özan, and I. Kir, Seasonal variations of heavy metals in some organs of carp (Cyprinuscarpio L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 138 (1-3), 2008, 201-206.
[2] M. Bahnasawy, A. Khidr, and N. Dheina, Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations in Mullet, Mugilcephalus and liza Ramada (Mugilidae) from lake Manzala, Egypt, Journal of Applied Sciences Research,5(7), 2009,845-852.
[3] L. Kalyoncu, H. Kalyoncu, and G.Arslan, Determination of heavy metals levels in fish species from Isikh dam Lake and Karacaoren Dam (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184(4), 2012, 2231-2235.
[4] M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. A. Olgunoğlu, Seasonal variation of trace elements in muscle tissues of two commercially valuable freshwater fish species (Silurustriostegus and BarbusgrypusHeckel, 1843) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey), African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(34), 2011, 628-6632.
[5] D.J.H. Phillips, Quantitative aquatic biological indicators. Applied Science Publishers, London, 1980.

Spatial and Temporal Determination of the Air Quality at Major Transportation Regions of the Hyderabad Metropolitan City: India.

Abstract: At present much attention is given to find the evidence linking urban air pollution to acute and chronic illnesses amongst all groups' people. Therefore, monitoring of ambient concentrations of various air pollutants as well as quantification of the pollutant inhaled becomes quite important, specially in view of the fact that in many countries, policy decisions for reducing pollutant concentrations are mainly taken on the basis of their health impacts. Amounts of SO₂, PM and NO_x originating from the city-traffic are not less important than the emissions from other sources such as residential heating systems and industrial activities. This paper reveals that concentration for four pollutants namely sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Total suspended particulate matter and respirable suspended particular matter from January 2010 to April 2013. The three year average maximum concentration of SO₂, NO_X, RSPM and TSPM are reported to be 5.4 μg/m³, 32.0 μg/m³, 127.4 μg/m³ and 318.6 μg/m3 at Panjagutta, Paradise, Balanagar and Panjagutta respectively.

Key words: Transportation, Air Quality, Particulate Matter, Wind Rose, Distribution.

Reference
[1] A.D. Bhanarkar, S.K. Goyal, R. Sivacoumar, C.V. Chalapati Rao, Assessment of contribution of SO2 and NO2 from different sources in Jamshedpur region, India, Atmospheric Environment 39, (2005).
[2] Central pollution control board National Ambient Air Quality Standards, March 31, (1995).
[3] Indrani Gupta., Rakesh Kumar., Trends of particulate matter in four cities in India, Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006).
[4] Jai Shanker Pandey., Rakesh Kumar., Sukumar Devotta., Health risks of NO2, SPM and SO2 in Delhi (India), Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005).
[5] Jean-Paul Rodrigue., Pollutants Emitted by Transport Systems (Air, Water and Noise)the geoghraphy of transportation system.

Evaluation Of Flexure Strength Behavior Of Over Burnt Brick Ballast Aggregate Concrete

Abstract: Regional conditions enforced engineers to generate a study on concrete which incorporate Over Burnt Brick Ballast Aggregate partially due to their abundance. 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (M0₅, M₁₀, M₁₅, M₂₀) incorporation was used as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate in concrete. Analysis of incorporated concrete was done in fresh state as well in hardened state to evaluate different properties of concrete i.e. slump value, compaction factor value, unit weight, flexural strength and Los Angeles abrasion value. From experimental approach it is concluded that Concrete formed with over burnt brick ballast aggregate showed beneficial performance as compared with the concrete made up of natural aggregate obtained from Sargodha. It reduces the cost of concrete by reducing the aggregate cost and produces economical infrastructure system. The waste generated from the brick kiln is utilized efficiently, making environment friendly encouraging green construction.

Key words: Over Burnt brick Ballast Aggregate, Kiln, Green construction

Reference
[1] The Dallas Sierra Club Take Action: Recycling Dallas, TX updated: 5/20/2008 http://texas.sierraclub.org/dallas/conservation/take-action/recycling.pdf
[2] Ashfaq Hasan, The Art and Science of Brick Making, 1987: p. 107.
[3] William P. Spence and Eva Kultermann, Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques. 3rd Ed. p. 113.
[4] Mechanical Behavior of Concrete as a Composite Material by C.V.S. Kameshwara Rao, R.N. Swamy, P.S. Mangat, P. No 266.
[5] Marek, C. R. Gallaway, B. M. and Long, R. E., "Look at Processed Rubble – It is a Valuable Source for Aggregates", Roads and Streets,Vol. 114, No. 9, Sept. 1971, p 82-85.

Baseline Air Quality Monitoring For Palvoncha Thermal Power Plant

Abstract: The paper describes the experience and results from three months of baseline air quality monitoring campaigns in the Palvoncha city, Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. Air quality measuring is still less experienced in South India. In this study the air pollutants majorly concentrated. Air quality measurement of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NOx and SO₂ concentrations has been done in several locations in Palvoncha.

Key words: Air pollution, Air quality monitoring.

Reference
[1] F. Popescu, I. Ionel, C. Ungureanu, Ambient air quality monitoring in Timisoara. Current situation and perspectives, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol 10 (1), 1–13, 2009.
[2] M. Apascaritei, F. Popescu, I. Ionel, Air pollution level in urban region of Bucharest and in rural region, SSE'09 Proceedings 11th WSEAS International Conference on Sustainability in Science Engineering, 2009, p. 330.
[3] D. Patronas, A. Karida, A. Papadopoulou, A Pisiha, K. Xipolitos, G. Kokkinis, K. Vosnaikos, B. Grammatikis, F. Vosniakos, K. Vasdekis, Air pollution and noise pollution due to traffic in three Greek cities, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Year 2009, Book 2, p. 332.
[4] I. HAIDUC, C. ROBA, L. BOBOS, L. FECHETE-RADU. Urban aerosols pollution. Case study – Cluj-Napoca city, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Year 2009, Book 3, p. 611.
[5] M. Pavelescu, A. Pavelescu, A. Sandulescu, Nuclear power and the environment, Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 50, Nos. 5–6, P.473–491, 2005.

The Impact of Market Orientation on the Performance of Islamic Banks (Case Study: Jordanian Islamic Banks)

Abstract: The aims of study to know the "impact of market orientation on Islamic banks" according to the perspective of the market" for customers, competitors, and jobs, and due to its importance, it focuses on addressing the problems faced by the performance of Islamic banks operating in Jordan. The study showed public and private obstacles facing the Jordanian banking performance according to the perspective of a change in the needs and desires of customers, competition situation, and coordination between the various banking functions. The study population included the employees in the Islamic banks in Jordan amounting to 710 employee, including (3) Islamic banks; the study sample consisted of 71 employees who were randomly selected. In collecting data, the researcher depended on elementary and secondary resources and supported them with related studies. The study concluded that the banking performance faces a gap or lack of the management understanding of the rapid and changing requirements of customers (the gap of banking management) with employees and customers in addition to the fact that competitors in the banking sector have highly competitive and distinctive abilities according to their banking resources and the customers' requirements. The study recommended that the Jordanian Islamic banks must be combining to meet the competitive situation in the banking sector, develop the methods of providing banking services and rehabilitate and prepare the employees in a way that suits the evolution of the needs, desires and preferences of customers.

Key words: Market orientation, (customers, competitors, integration), customer satisfaction, employees satisfaction

Reference
[1] Imam, Wi-Fi Al Said (2007) " the effective market: your way to invade and control markets," Hearty Press , Ministry of Higher Education and Information Technology, Mansur , Egypt , first edition.
[2] Malaya, Nagy al (2004) "the scientific assets of banking market ", Amman, Jordan, Dar Weal House for publication, first edition.
[3] United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2011, "the tourism development strategy in Jordan", Amman, Jordan.
[4] Al-Qary outi, Mohammad Qasim (2008) the principles of modern market , Amman, Jordan , Dar Weal for publication
[5] Al-Ta'e, Al-Ala q, Hammed, Basher (2008), products development and pricing, Amman, Jordan, Al-Yazourihouse for publication.

Optimization of Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Surveillance RADAR

Abstract: Digital Signal Processing techniques for ground surveillance RADAR has been thoroughly investigated and optimized for an improved detection of target. Using the established techniques like Pulse compression, Fast Fourier Transform and Windowing, the present work optimizes the selection of pulse coding techniques, window type and different filters.The work proposes techniques to mitigate inherent problems in RADAR Signal Processing like Range Side Lobe and Clutter. This paper covers the complete design of digital signal processing building blocks of Pulse Doppler RADAR namely, Modulation, Demodulation, Match Filtering, Range Side Lobe suppression, Doppler Processing and Clutter Reduction.Rejection of land and volume clutter(rain clutter) has been optimized. Related simulation results have been presented.

Key words: Surveillance RADAR, Pulse compression, Range resolution, Peak side lobe level (PSL), Barker Code, FFT, Matched Filter, Clutter, Rain Clutter

Reference
[1] M.I. Skolnik, "Introduction to RADAR systems," McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1981.
[2] Carpentier, H. Michel, "Evolution of Pulse Compression in the RADAR Field," Microwave Conference, vol., no., pp.45-53, 17-20 Sept 1979.
[3] N.N.S.S.R.K. Prasad, V. Shameem, U.B. Desai, S.N. Merchant, "Improvement in target detection performance of pulse coded Doppler RADAR based on multicarrier modulation with fast Fourier transform (FFT), " RADAR, Sonar and Navigation, IEE Proceedings - vol.151, no.1, pp.11-17, Feb 2004.
[4] Bassem R. Mahafza, "RADAR Signal Analysis and Processing using MATLAB", CRC Press 2009.
[5] M. Sanal, R. Kuloor, M.J. Sagayaraj, "Optimized FIR filters for digital pulse compression of biphase codes with low side-lobes, "Aerospace Conference, 2013 IEEE , vol.1, no.9, pp. 2-9 March 2013.

Securing The Channels Between Core Nodes In Y-Comm Framework

Abstract: Future Generation Networks are the Networks that had the ability to work with all the available Wireless Technologies and in the same time support the best Qos and experience for the end user. The openness of the future Networks Architecture (Heterogeneous Networks) will have new security threats that need to be addressed due to the network architecture change. In this paper, these security threats in the AKA protocol will be addressed for the Y-comm framework. Moreover, the problem of having insecure channels between Core Nodes that leads to a lot of security threats will be investigated. Finally, a new proposal by including Authentication and Encryption module in the main protocol will be presented. This module was simulated using CASPER and successfully Verified using formal methods of FDR

Key words: heterogeneous networks; Y-Comm framework; security; Future Networks;

Reference
[1] The Evolved Packet Core http://www.3gpp.org/The-Evolved-Packet-Core Accessed (04-11-2013)
[2] LTE http://www.3gpp.org/LTE Accessed (04-11-2013)
[3] Aiash, Mahdi,. "An integrated approach to QoS and security in future mobile networks using the Y-Comm framework". PHD Thesis Middlesex University's.( March 2012)
[4] M. Aiash, G. Mapp, A. Lasebae, J. Loo, R. Phan , "A Survey of Potential Architectures for Communication in Heterogeneous Networks". The IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2012), April 2012. London, UK.
[5] ] K Masahiro, Y Mariko, O Ryoji, K Shinsaku, T Tanaka, Secure service and network framework for mobile ethernet. Wirel Personal Commun 29, 161–190 (2004)

Modelling Of Converter Characteristics of Wind Energy Conversion System during Voltage Sags

Abstract: The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm along with standard perturbs and observe method will be used for the system. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from wind energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is coupled with wind turbine for attaining wind energy conversion system. This paper addresses dynamic modeling and control of a grid-connected wind–PV–battery hybrid system with versatile power transfer. The hybrid system, unlike conventional systems, considers the stability and dispatch-ability of its power injection into the grid. The hybrid system can operate in three different modes, which include normal operation without use of battery, dispatch operation, and averaging operation. This paper also indicates the merits of the proposed system.

Key words: wind energy conversion system, permanent magnet synchronous generator, voltage sags, maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

Reference
[1] Joanne Hui*, Alireza Bakhshai, and Praveen K. Jain, "A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System: A New Rectifier Stage Topology ", in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE, pp 156-161, 21-25 Feb. 2010
[2] S.K. Kim, J.H Jeon, C.H. Cho, J.B. Ahn, and S.H. Kwon, "Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation System with Versatile Power Transfer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, pp. 1677-1688, April 2008.
[3] N. A. Ahmed, M. Miyatake, and A. K. Al-Othman, "Power fluctuations suppression of stand-alone hybrid generation combining solar photovoltaic/wind turbine and fuel cell systems," in Proc. Of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 49, pp. 2711-2719, October 2008.
[4] Y.M. Chen, Y.C. Liu, S.C. Hung, and C.S. Cheng, "Multi-Input Inverter for Grid-Connected Hybrid PV/Wind Power System," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, May 2007.
[5] S. Jain, and V. Agarwal, "An Integrated Hybrid Power Supply for Distributed Generation Applications Fed by Nonconventional Energy Sources," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, June 2008.

Microwave-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ficus Elastica Leaf Extract and Application in Air Pollution Controlling Studies

Abstract: Silver Nanoparticles are applied in various fields due to its anti bacterial properties. A conventional method for synthesis of AgNP requires dangerous chemical and large amount of energy is released in the process. Environmental friendly techniques are adopted for the synthesis of nanoparticles of silver. The present research work summarizes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using leaf extract of Ficus Elastica and alternative energy sources micro wave irradiation. The synthesized Nanoparticles are characterized by uv- visible spectroscopy and by SEM. The synthesized nanoparticles are applied for controlling SO₂ and NO₂ from aqueous solution of SO₂ and NO₂. Batch adsorption studies are carried out. The effect of the temperature on adsorption of aqueous solution is studied at different temperature. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of on silver Nanoparticles was evaluated for the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models respectively. Results show that pseudo second order model was found to correlate the experimental data. Data fitted perfectly into and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

Key words: Batch adsorption, green synthesis, silver Nanoparticles, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms.

Reference
[1] C. Krishnaraj, E. G. Jagan, S. Rajasekar, P. Selvakumar P. T. Kalaichelvan, and N. Mohan, "Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens". ELSEVIER International journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Vol.76, pp. 50–56, 2010.
[2] A. Leela, and V. Munusamy, "Tapping the unexploited plant resources for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles". African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7, no. 17, pp.3162-3165, 2008.
[3] J. Y. Song, and S. K. Beom, "Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts". Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol.32, no.1, pp.79-84, 2009.
[4] M. Shivashankar, and G. Sisodia, "Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts of Moringa oleifera". International journal of Life sciences Biotechnology and Pharma research Vol. 1, no. 3, pp.65-70, 2012.
[5] Y. Y. Loo, B. W. Chieng, M. Nishibuchi, and S. Radu, "Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from Camellia sinensis". Dovepress International Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2-17, 2012.

An Empirical Study on Modified ML Estimator and ML Estimator of Weibull Distribution by Using Type II Censored Sample

Abstract: In this paper MML estimator and ML estimator of Weibull distribution by using doubly type II censored sample have been derived and compared in term of asymptotic variances and mean square error. The purpose of conducting the empirical study is to see the closeness of MML estimators to ML estimator, and relative efficiency of censored sample to complete sample.

Key words: Type II censored sample, Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MMLE), Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) , Asymptotic Variances, Bias, Mean Square Error, Weibull distribution, Order Statistics.

Reference
[1] Aleem M. and Jamal F. (2009),"Modified Inference about the scale parameter of the Inverse Weibull Distribution by using type ll censored sample Sindh. Univ.Res. Jour . (Sci.Ser) Vol.41(1) 87-94.
[2] Aleem M.et al (2009) Modified Inference about the scale parameter of the Weibull Distribution by using type ll censored sample.Proc.5th International Statistical Conference January 23-25. 2009, Vol 17, 203-210.
[3] Akhter . S (2006) a study on parameter estimation of exponential distribution for type-ll censored sample M.Phil thesis department of statistics G.C.U Lahore Pakistan
[4] John , T.T and Chen, P (2003). Selection of the Best using Censored Data from (log-) location - Scale Populations. Preprint submitted to journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 24 October 2003.
[5] Walid Abu-Dayyeh and Esam Al Sawi (1996) modified inference about the location parameter of the logistic distribution using type II censored samples pak. J. Statist. 2006 vol. 22 (2) pp 157-169

Fault Detection and Isolation (Fdi) Via Neural Networks

Abstract: Recent approaches to fault detection and isolation for dynamic systems using methods of integrating quantitative and qualitative model information, based upon soft computing (SC) methods are used. In this study, the use of SC methods is considered an important extension to the quantitative model-based approach for residual generation in FDI. When quantitative models are not readily available, a correctly trained neural network (NN) can be used as a non-linear dynamic model of the system. However, the neural network does not easily provide insight into model. This main difficulty can be overcome using qualitative modeling or rule-based inference methods. The paper presents the properties of several methods of combining quantitative and qualitative system information and their practical value for fault diagnosis of Neural network. Keywords: Soft computing methods, fault-diagnosis, FDI

Reference
[1] Aggarwal R K, Xuan Q Y, Johns A T, Li F R, Bennett A, (1999), A novel approach to fault diagnosis in multi-circuit transmission lines using fuzzy ARTmap neural networks, IEEE transactions on neural networks, Vol.10, No.5,pp.1214-1221.
[2] Altug S, Chow MY, Trussell HJ, (1999), Fuzzy inference systems implemented on neural architectures for motor fault detection and diagnosis, IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 1999, Vol.46, No.6, pp.1069-1079.
[3] Aminian M, Aminian F, (2000), Neural-network based analog-circuit fault diagnosis using the wavelet transform as pre-processor, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems ii-analog and digital signal processing Vol.47, No.2, pp.151-156.
[4] Brown M & Harris C J, (1994a), Neuro-fuzzy adaptive modelling and control, Prentice Hall. Brown M & Harris C J, (1994b), The Modelling Abilities of the Binary CMAC, IEEE Int.Conf. Neural Networks,pp 1335-133
[5] Chen J, Patton R J (1999), Robust Model Based Fault Diagnosis For Dynamic Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN 0-7923-8411-3.

Economic Stability to Papua New Guinea by Contribution in Reducing Carbon Emissions through Support of DC

Abstract: Papua New Guinea is said to be PNG which is one of the most adversely affected small country by the impacts of climate change. Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges facing by them today, its devastation is widespread and intense. This issue has been discussed to evolve a method to support the nation in achieving the goal of emission reduction. The affects include those on Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Tourism which have major contribution towards GDP of the PNG. PNG has a very low economic growth rate according to several economic and social indicators, the performance of the PNG economy since independence has been disappointing. Thus, there is need of taking special attention & responsibilities by giving cooperation by the nations. This is to be done by especially developed ones so as to support the small island nations in adaptation to the impacts of climate change through financial support. Through this act, the Least Developed Countries will achieve economic stability as well as imparting in reduction of carbon emissions. This paper discusses to find a path and sort out the issue. The paper also discusses various negotiating points so as to achieve the said goal mutually and amicably.

Key words: PNG, Climate Change, Least Developed Countries and negotiating points

Reference
[1] Bell, J. D. Vulnerability of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia. 2011.
[2] Asik, R. Conference of Parties (COP17). (P. Press, Interviewer) Australian Government Department of Foreign Trade and Affairs. 2013. Papua New Guinea country brief. http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/.
[3] Worldwide Fund for Nature. WWF in Papua New Guinea. 2013. Available from http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/papua_new_guinea/?referer=wwforg.
[4] The World Bank Group in Papua New Guinea. (WBG). Papua New Guinea Economic Briefing, 2013.availablefromhttp ://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/EAP/Papua%20New%20Guinea/PNG-Economic-Brief-2013-1.pdf
[5] Pokana, J. An overview of Papua New Guinea's readiness efforts towards the mitigating of its greenhouse gases. 2013. Available from http://www.env.go.jp/en/ earth/apnet/documents/seminar/22nd/07_PNG_Pokana.pdf.

Filter Feeding Mechanism Simulated Machine Paradigms – A Theoretical Approach

Abstract: Bionics is the emerging branch of bio engineering where in the structures and functions of organism are utilized to construct a gadget that resembles the structure and performs similar function. The functional principles are also used to construct special gadgets to perform functions in the form of simulated robots. Animal models have also been used in creation of many structures/machines, for example the organization and flight mechanism of birds, echolocation in bats, and internal ear of mammals have been taken as blue prints to design aero planes, radars and telegraphic systems respectively. Here we are using ciliary feeding mechanisms in animals to create a machine that can be used for a particular purpose. Cilia are minute finger like protoplasmic extensions serve different functions like movement, creation of water current propelling and filter feeding in animals. In many invertebrates and lower chordates rotor movements of cilia create whirl pool of water current to obtain food material. Animals those use cilia for feeding are referred to ciliary feeders or filter feeders. The filter feeders are highly diverse in their habit but share common requirements. The filter feeders may be sessile or free swimming forms but the principles of feeding remains the same. In lower chordates the pharngometry of pharynx plays a decisive role in filter feeding. The filter feeding mechanism is highly evolved in animals through well designed evolutionary paradigms.

Key words: Bionics, Rotary motion, Turbines, whirl pool force

Reference
[1] Barrington E.J.W, Invertebrate structure and function, Nelson ELBS, London.
[2] Ekambaranatha Ayyar.M, A manual of Invertebrate Zoology vol.1 publisher S. Vishwanathan, Madras.1967
[3] Mc Graw Hill, Encyclopedia of science and technology, vol.6 pp-81-90, Mc Graw Hill.Co.London.
[4] Veena M.S. Protochordates filters feeding mechanism simulated machine paradigms. A project work dissertation submitted to science forum, Maharani's science college for women, Mysore.2005
[5] Shelley L Armsworthy, Bruce A Mac Donald and J Evan Ward, Feeding activity, absorption efficiency and suspension feeding processes in the ascidian, haocynthyia pyriformics (stolidobranchia ascidiacea) responses to variations in diet quantity and quality, Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, Volume 260, Issue 1, 31 May 2001, Pages 41 – 69.

Survey of Bounding Theory in Arabic Language

Abstract: Government and Binding Theory or Principles and Parameters Theory is a universal theory of Chomsky. Linguists of world believe that Chomsky made a revolution in linguistics by this theory. One of the sub-theories of Government and Binding Theory is Bounding Theory which explains the restrictions of grammatical movements. Chomsky claims that his theory is universal and you can perform it in all languages. This essay considers this sub-theory (Bounding Theory) in Arabic language whether is performable in this language. If the answer is positive which grounds movement include off? Some of the movement restrictions of Arabic language are like the other languages, but some of the restrictions and movements are more than what is said in this sub-theory by Chomsky.

Key words: bounding theory,  criterion, argument movement, argument movement.

Reference
[1] Azbadfatri, Behrooz. about Noam Chamsky. Tehran. Farhang Moaaser Press. 1993.
[2] Chomsky, Noam. Knowledge of Language. 1986. New York: Praeger.
[3] Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use. Darzi, Ali. Tehran. Nei Press. P1. 2001.
[4] Language and Thought. Darzi, Ali. Tehran. Agah Press. 1997.
[5] Lectures on Government & Binding. 1981. Dordrecht: Foris.

Wireless Sensor Networks: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract: The popularity of cell phones, laptops, PDAs and intelligent electronics has made computing devices to become cheaper and more pervasive in daily life. The desire for connectivity among these devices has caused an exponential growth in wireless communication. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide an example of this phenomenon. WSNs belong to the general family of sensor networks that employ distributed sensors to collect information on entities of interest. This paper provides a brief introduction to wireless sensor networks. It addresses the opportunities and challenges of WSNs

Key words: Wireless networks, sensors, computing

Reference
[1] I. F. Akylidiz et al., "A survey on sensor networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Aug. 2002, pp. 102-114.
[2] l. Mokdad et al., "Performance evaluation tools for QoS MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 12, 2014, pp. 86-99.
[3] R. I. de Silva et al., "Spatial query processing in wireless sensor networks—A survey," Information Fusion, vol. 15, 2014, pp. 32-34.
[4] H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, pp. 3-7.
[5] H. K. Patil and T. M. Chen, "Wireless Sensor Network Security,' in J. Vacca (ed.), Computer and Information Security Handbook. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2013, 2nd ed.,chapter 15, pp. 349-397.

Experimental Study of Castor Oil Based Lubricant for Automotive Applications

Abstract: Vegetable oils due to their better natural propertiescan be used as an alternative to reduce the dependency on the conventional lubricants. With the depletion of conventional resources at faster pace, need of hour is to approach the safer alternatives for ensuring the availability of such resources for longer periods with lesser harm to the mankind and sorroundings.This workevaluates the prospects of Castor oil based lubricant for automotive applications in contrast to the available commercial servo gear oil. Experimentation has been performed on four ball tester set up.Material used is carbon steel balls. Refined castor and mahua oils are blended in fixed ratios and subjected to friction and wear tests. Experimentation reveals that castor mahua oil blend possess immense potential in contrast to servo gear oil due to good wear reducing traits apart from environmental benefits.

Key words: Castor Oil, Mahua Oil, Servo Gear Oil, Blending, Viscosity, Four Ball Tester

Reference
[1] Julian, H., "The Nation, the State, and theFirst Industrial Revolution", Journal of BritishStudies, Vol.50 (20), April 2011, pp 307-331.
[2] Theo, Mang ,W. Dresel, " Lubricants andLubrication" 2nd Ed. 4,2007 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimISBN: 978-3-527-31497-3.
[3] http://www.palco.co.in/historyof_lubricants.html.
[4] IoanS.,"On the Future of BiodegradableVegetable Lubricants Used for Industrial TriboSystems",Gal I Fascicie2002;VIII:pp 1221-4590.
[5] WilfriedJ.Bartz, "Ecotribology: EnvironmentallyAcceptable Tribological Practices", TribologyInternational, Vol. 39, 2006, pp728–733.

GPS Based Autonomous Flight Control System for an Unmanned Airship

Abstract: An unmanned airship, also known as a Unmanned aircraft System (UAS) or a remotely piloted aircraft is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot. The unmanned airship uses the autonomous flight, navigation and guidance based on the telemetry command of ground station. The Autonomous Flight Control System (AFCS) [1] plays a key role in achieving the given requirements and missions. This paper introduces the overall design architecture of the hardware and software of the flight control systems in a 50m long unmanned airship

Key words: AFCS, COS,DLG, HILS,PMC

Reference
[1] E.H.J. Pallett, T. Eng.(CEI), A.M.R. Ae. S., F.S.L.A.E.T," Automatic Flight Control ", Granada, London Toronto, Sydney, NewYork.
[2] Kim, D.M.et., "Development of an Unmanned Airship System", Proceeding of 4th International Airship Convention And Exibition, July 2002.
[3] Yeom, C.H. et al., "System Integration Standard for KARI 50m Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002.
[4] Ahn, I.G. et al., "Development Standard of Flight Control System for KARI 50m Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002.
[5] Ryu, H. et al., "Design of FCC Software for KARI Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002.

An Investigation For Control Aspect Towards Modeled Dexterous Hand System

Abstract: The research domain of prosthetic technology has always remained a dialectic zone of creativity, yoking together technology and biomedical necessity. Any part of the human body replication procedure commences the prosthetic control science. Dexterity, adroitness in using the hands or body, is the prime or essential aspect in modeling dexterous hand. Simulation procedure implies to build up stability of the reference transfer function of Dexterous Hand. The present work deals with the discussion of stability criteria and simulation in discrete domain of Dexterous Hand.

Key words: Dexterous Hand, Control Strategy, Stability Analysis, Simulation and Numerical Approach.

Reference
[1] J. Tsinias," Sufficient Lyapunov-like conditions for stabilization", Math. Contr. Signals Syst., Volume 2, Number 4, 343-357,1989.
[2] B. Neogi, A.Roy, S. Mukherjee, S. Ghosal, S. Ghosh, A. Chatterjee, S.Dutta, A. Das & D. N. Tibarewala, "Simulator Generation of Jury's Stability Test In z Domain", International Journal of Engineering Research and Industrial Application. [ISSN:0974-1518] Vol. 3, No. IV, pp. 411-421, 2010.
[3] The Times of India, Kolkata (pp.13) Wednesday, September 20, 2006.
[4] Dudley S. Childress Historical Aspects of Powered Limb Prostheses by Dudley S. Childress, Ph.D. Clinical Prosthetics & Orthotics No.1, pp. 2 – 13.
[5] Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, "Modern Control Systems" (8th Edition), Addison Wesley Longman 1998, pp 753-759

Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Steepest Descent Method – A Novel Approach

Abstract: Trajectory optimization of a generic launch vehicle is considered in this paper. The direct application of a nonlinear programming method is used in recent literature, which transforms the original problem into a nonlinear optimization problem.To study the rocket motion under the influence of gravitational field, 2-D simulator is developed. The rocket motion is analyzed for a gravity turn trajectory. The objective is to ensure desired terminal conditions as well as minimum control effort in the low dynamic pressure region. Design of optimal trajectory for a single stage rocket is a two point boundary problem. Trajectory is designed for a single stage liquid rocket.Trajectory is computed for a given initial and final condition using equations of motion of rocket in 2-D plane. Hamiltonian is formulated for the given constraints. The non-linear equations are solved using steepest descent method.It is assumed that the launch vehicle is not experiencing any perturbations. Results are compared for Runge-kutta and Euler‟s integration methods,which clearly brings out the potential advantages of the proposed approach

Key words: Trajectory optimization, Steepest descent method, Euler‟s method, Runge-Kutta method

Reference
[1] Bruce A. Conway"A Survey of Methods Available for the Numerical Optimization of Continuous Dynamic Systems" J Optim Theory Appl (2012) 152:271–306 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
[2] Schwartz, A. L., "Theory and Implementation of Numerical MethodsBased on Runge–Kutta Integration for Solving Optimal ControlProblems," Ph.D. Thesis, Electrical Engineering and ComputerScience, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1996.
[3] C. V. Sirisha and M. Manickavasagam, "A Specific Energy Based Guidance Algorithm for the Hypersonic Launch Vehicle", International Conference on Avionics Systems–2008Conference, RCI, Hyderabad.
[4] Lukkana Varaprasad and Radhakant Padhi "Ascent Phase Trajectory Optimization Of A Generic Launch Vehicle" XXXII NATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, IIT-Roorkee. NSC 2008
[5] Nobuhiro YOKOYAMA, Shinji SUZUKI "Flight Trajectory Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm Combined with Gradient Method" e-journal: Information Technology for Economics &Management (ITEM) Volume 1, No 1, 2001 Paper 10

A Study On Recent Trends In High Subsonic Flow Over Delta Wings

Abstract: An understanding of the vortical structures and vortex breakdown is essential for the development of highly maneuverable and high angle of attack flight. This is primarily due to the physical limits these phenomena impose on aircraft and missiles at extreme flight conditions. In today's competitive world, demands for more maneuverable and stealthy air vehicles have encouraged the development of new control concepts for separated flows and vortex flow.An overview is given about investigations on a 65◦ delta wing using the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques, carried out in the framework of Vortex flow experiment. For the delta wing with rounded leading edges and subsonic flow, the occurrence of a flat vortical structure as well as the onset of the primary vortex and the development of a vortex system consisting of an inner and outer vortex is described in dependency of the angle of attack and the Reynolds number. The Q -criterion is applied to the measured velocity data to estimate the circulation strength of individual vortices allowing for a quantitative description of the vortex developments and interactions. Furthermore, a case at transonic flow speeds (M = 0.8) is described, showing a sudden occurrence of vortex breakdown above the delta wing, most probably induced by a shock wave.Vortex Flow Experiment provided a variety of experimental data for a 65◦ swept delta wing sharp and blunt leading edges. Flow details including forces and moments, surface pressures,Pressure Sensitive Paint measurements, and off-surface flow variables from Particle Image Velocimetry were made available for comparisons with computational simulations. This paper concentrates on some typical problems of delta wings with rounded leading edges at subsonic speed: the prediction of the main leading edge separation, the generation of the second inner vortex, the effect of transition, and Reynolds number effects.

Key words: Subsonic flow ,delta wing, Vortex flow

Reference
[1] Robert Konrath, Christian Klein, Andreas Schroder, "PSP and PIV investigations on the VFE-2 configuration in sub- and transonic flow". 2012.
[2] Willy Fritz. "Numerical simulation of the peculiar subsonic flow-field about the VFE-2 delta wing with rounded leading edge". 2012.
Hand books
[1] John D Anderson Jr., "Fundamentals of Aerodynamics", TMH.
Web
[1] http://prezi.com/j_39bpgrlfmp/subsonic-flow-over-a-delta-wing/

Supply Chain Management of Satellite Mechanisms- Product Development and Monitoring

Abstract: The project report primary deals with the Testing, Analysis, Modeling of the components of the Solar Array deployment Mechanism and a preliminary design. It also discusses the Monitoring of the supply chain management system for the procurement of the components from vendors. The deployment of solar array or any other appendage is a mission critical activity of any satellite. It is necessary to study about the deployment mechanism because once the array latches up, the satellite can have disturbance resulting in attitude change. To begin, a detail study of the drawings of all the components, assemblies and sub-assemblies incorporated in the deployment mechanism was done. A literary review was carried out to investigate the research done previously and the research currently being done in the field of deployment mechanisms. This was followed by the designing of the components of SADM in Unigraphics. The components were assembled with their respective sub-assemblies. The next step was to perform the testing of components on various testing machines & thereafter analyzing the results. A conceptual design was prepared for the Solar Array Deployment Mechanism. A proper approach was used for the supply chain management of the procurement of raw materials.The torsion spring parameters were calculated, which importantly included the pre rotation angle, spring angular and the time required by the wings to deploy. The hinges were tested on the auto hinge characterization setup and the torque value required to deploy the wings was compared with the required value. The testing of micro switches was performed and the values of loads at actuation point, deactuation point, over travel and the gap between actuation and deactuation was compared with the actual values required. Torsion springs were tested and it was seen whether the stiffness values of the torsion springs are in limit to the defined value or not.Several components of Solar Array Deployment Mechanism were modeled in 3D. A simulating model of the preliminary design was made using Solid Works in which the deployment of the wings was shown by making use of the servo motor. The values of the torque required for hinges, loads at actuation point, deactuation point, over travel and the gap between actuation and deactuation and stiffness values of the springs were approximately accurate. Some errors had occurred due to the improper setup of the components on the fixtures.Unigraphics was used for the modeling of the components of Solar array Deployment Mechanism. The preliminary design was modeled and simulated in Solid Works.

Key words: Satrellite, supply chain, unigraphics

Reference
[1] B. Lakshmi Narayana, B.P. Nagaraj and B.S Nataraju, "Deployment Dynamics of Solar Array with Body Rates", International ADAMS User Conference, 2000, page numbers
[2] Marino Fragnito and Sergio Vetrella, "A Space Release/Deployment System Actuated By Shape Memory Wires", Acta Astronautica, Vol 51, 2002, page numbers
[3] Hamza Baig, "Integrated Design of Solar Panels Deployment Mechanisms For a Three Unit Cubesat", Arab Satellite Communication Organization, 2012, page numbers
[4] Ju Won Jeong et al, "Development of a Tape Spring Hinge with a SMA Latch for a Satellite Solar Array Deployment Using the Independence Axiom", 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, 2012
[5] M. Mirshams et al, "Design of Deployment Mechanism of Solar Array of a Sample Sateliite and investigation of Deployment on control Attitude of Satellite", Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univerity, Iran

Robust Feature Based Automatic Text-Independent Gender Identification System Using Gmm

Abstract: In this paper, robust feature for Automatic text-independent Gender Identification System has been explored. Through different experimental studies, it is demonstrated that the timing varying speech related information can be effectively captured using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). The study on the effect of feature vector size for good Gender Identification demonstrates that, feature vector size in the range of 18-22 can capture Gender related information effectively for a speech signal sampled at 16 kHz, it is established that the proposed Gender Identification system requires significantly less amount of data during both during training as well as in testing. The Gender Identification study using robust features for different mixtures components, training and test duration has been exploited. I demonstrate the Gender Identification studies on TIMIT database.

Key words: Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Gender, LPC, MFCC.

Reference
[1] Alex Acero and Xuedong Huang, "Speaker and Gender Normalization for Continuous-Density Hidden Markov Models", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal , IEEE, May 1996.
[2] C. Neti and Salim Roukos., "Phone-specific gender-dependent models for continuous speech recognition", Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU97), Santa Barbara, CA, 1997.
[3] R. Vergin, A. Farhat and D.O‟Shaughnessy, "Robust gender-dependent acoustic-phonetic modeling in continuous speech recognition based on a new automatic male/female classification", Proc. Of IEEE Int. Conf. on Spoken Language (ICSLP), pp. 1081, Oct. 1996.
[4] A. Nagesh, V. Kamakshi Prasad, " New Feature Vectors for Automatic Text-Independet Language Identification" IJCSC, Vol. 2, Issue 2 pp553-558, 2011.
[5] S. Slomka and S. Sridharan, "Automatic gender identification optimized for language independence", Proc. Of IEEE TENCON‟97, pp. 145-148,Dec. 1997.

Reduction of Image Blurring With Digital Filters

Abstract: In digital photography image blurring is one of the general artifacts. Digital filters and algorithm is well-known for deblurring the image. This paper proposed different filters and algorithm like inverse filter, wiener filter and an improved Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm. Before deconvolution step, we separate the blurred image into smooth part. By introducing different noises and image corrupting parameters scale and length the blurred image are then used for image deblurring. The filter comparison provides the different parameter which decided the image quality and best result.

Key words: Inverse Filter, Wiener Filter, Lucy-Richardson Algorithm

Reference
[1] S. Morigi, L. Reichel, F. Sgallari, and F. Zama, An iterative method for linear discrete ill-posed problems with box constraints, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 198 (2007), pp. 505–520.
[2] "Adaptive filter design for image deblurring by using multi-criteria blurred image information" Ziya Telatar ,Journal Digital Signal Processing Volume 15 Issue 1, January, 2005 Pages 4- 18 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=17014 32
Books:
[3] Gonzalez, Rafeal C. and Woods, Richard E. Digital image processing, 2nd edition Prentice Hall, Beijing China 2002
Theses:
[4] M. Biswas,"Content adaptive video processing algorithms for digital TV," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. California, San Diego, 2005.
Proceedings Papers:
[5] Shay Har-Noy, Truong Q. Nguyen LCD Motion Blur Reduction: A Signal Processing Approach, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 17, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2008

Preparation and Characterization of (PEO+NaClO3) Based Polymer Electrolyte System and Its Application as an Electrochemical Cell

Abstract: Ion conducting polymer electrolyte films of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with NaClO3 salt have been prepared in the weight ratios (90:10), (80:20) and (70:30) by solution-casting technique using methanol and water as solvents. The complexation of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and NaClO3 have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using these polymer electrolyte films, solid-state electrochemical cells are fabricated and their discharge characteristics are examined for a constant load of 100 k. Several cell parameters associated with the cells evaluated and reported.

Key words: Polymer, poly (ethylene oxide), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemical cells.

Reference
[1] J.R. Mac Callum, C.A. Vincent (Eds.), In: Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987.
[2] M.B. Armand, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 16(1986) 245.
[3] M.A. Ratner, D.F. Shriver, Chem. Rev. 88 (1988) 109.
[4] J.R. Owen, in: A.L. Lasker, S. Chandra (Eds.), Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes Ð Recent Trends, Academic Press, New York, 1989, p. 111.
[5] D.F. Shriver, B.L. Papke, M.A. Ratner, R. Doppon, T. Wong, M. Brodwin, Solid State Ionics 5 (1981) 83.

Pid Plus Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Electronic Load Controller For Self Exited Induction Generator

Abstract: This paper deals with the electronic load controller for self exited induction generator using PID plus fuzzy logic controller. The self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are considered to be well suited for generating electricity by means of conventional energy sources and for supplying electrical energy in remote and rural areas. Induction generators have many advantages such as cost, reduced maintenance, rugged, and simple construction, brushless rotor (squirrel cage). A three phase induction generator can be operated on a delta connection for supplying single phase loads. The main disadvantage of SEIG has is that it poor voltage regulation, and its value depends on the prime mover speed, capacitance, load current and power factor of the load. The electronic load controller (ELC) can be used for maintaining constant voltage and frequency of SEIG with variable consumer load driven by constant prime mover. This paper presents the simulation design and implementation of ELC using fuzzy logic method for an SEIG feeding single-phase load. The ELC consist of a rectifier, IGBT as a chopper switch, PI controller, voltage sensor, and resistive dump load in which power consumption was varied through the duty cycle of the chopper. However an ELC consist of electronics system, in general, has complex nonlinear model with parameter variation problem, and the control need to be very fast. The fuzzy logic based controller gives nonlinear control with fast response and virtually no overshoot. The simulation of ELC for self exited induction generator is carried out on MATLAB/SIMULINK. By this proposed ELC using FLC for SEIG we can maintain the constant voltage and frequency of SEIG with variable consumer load.

Key words: Electronic load controller (ELC), Self excited induction generator (SEIG), Fuzzy logic controller and PID.

Reference
[1] R. C. Bansal, "Three-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators: An Overview," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 292-299 June 2005.
[2] Chandra, T.S., Bishnu, P.M., Voltage Regulators for Self Excited Induction Generator, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp 460÷463,April 2004.
[3] Juan M. Ramirez and Emmanuel Torres M., "An electronic load controller for self excited induction generators" in IEEE PES General Meeting, June 24-28, 2007.
[4] Sarsing Gao, S. S. Murthy, G. Bhubaneswar, and M. Sree Lalitha Gayathri, "Design of a Microcontroller Based Electronic Load Controller for a Self Excited Induction Generator Supplying Single - Phase Loads," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 10, No.4, pp.444- 449, 2010.
[5] Bhim Singh, S.S. Murthy & Sushma Gupta ,"An Electronic Voltage and Frequency Controller for Single-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators for Pico Hydro Applications", IEEE PEDS, pp 240-245,2005.

Detection of an Alpha Rhythm of EEG Signal Based On EEGLAB

Abstract: The EEG (Electroencephalogram) is the electrical activity of brain that can be detected and measured by putting electrodes according to international 10-20 system on the scalp. There are four major frequency rhythms in EEG. Alpha is one of the frequency bands. This rhythm is very important because of its application in seizure suppression and for treatment of depression in biofeedback method. Hence detection of alpha band's place and patient state has importance. However EEG waves contain useful information of brain, but we cannot see these information by observing in time domain directly. Hence we have to analyze these waveforms by signal processing techniques. In this paper, EEGLAB is used for processing and taking power spectrum density (PSD), which explains how the power of a signal is distributed with frequency. PSD of different subjects with open and closed eyes is shown in this paper. EEG data are downloaded from free database physionet in MIT/BIH database. It is observed that alpha rhythm in back of head and with closed eyes has dominant power in periodgram.

Key words: Alpha rhythm, Artifact, dominant power, EEG,EEGLAB, PSD

Reference
[1] Steven Dowshen, MD. September (2010) http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/sick/eeg.html.
[2] D Puthankattil Subha, Paul K Joseph, Rajendra Acharya U, Choo Min Lim, EEG signal analysis: a survey. Journal of Medical Systems, 34:195–212 (2010).
[3] Palva, S. and Palva, J.M., New vistas for a-frequency band oscillations, Trends Neurosci. (2007), doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.02.001.
[4] Ulrich Kraft. Train Your Brain-Mental exercises with neurofeedback may ease symptoms of attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy and depression--and even boost cognition in healthy brains. Scientific American. (2006).
[5] Arnaud Delorme, Hilit Serby, and Scott Makeig, The EEGLAB Tutorial, http://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/eeglabtut.html

A Brief Survey on the Advancement of Smart Grid

Abstract: The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way communication of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, a review work on different aspects on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid is being presented. Infrastructure of Smart Grid can be broadly classified into three terms namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also presented a review work in which implementation strategy of Smart Grid in different countries was briefly highlighted. In this paper then some advantages and hindrance of Smart Grid was also explained. Specifically, we focused for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem. For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

Key words: Smart Grid, bidirectional energy flow, Peak curtailment, demand side management, Sustainability

Reference
[1] AF- Mercados EMI & Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation: Integrating Variable Renewal Energy with the Grid : Lessons From the southern Region ,Nov 2012.
[2] Kelvin Tan, Valerie Choy, Zhang Ming Hui: Key Technical issues for Renewable Energy Grid Integration and Development in Asia ,2012.
[3] M. C. Kintner-Meyer, D. P. Chassin, R. G. Pratt, J. G. DeSteese, L. A. Schienbein, S. G. Hauser, W. M. Warwick (2003-11). GridWise: The Benefits of a Transformed Energy System (PDF). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
[4] Michael T. Burr, "Reliability demands drive automation investments," Public Utilities Fortnightly, Technology Corridor department, Nov. 1, 2003.

Connectedness in Ideal Bitopological Topological Spaces

Abstract: In this paper we study the notion of connectedness in ideal bitopological spaces. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 54A10, 54A05, 54A20

Key words: ideal bitopological spaces, pairwise *-connected sets, pairwise *-separated sets, pairwise *s-connected sets, pairwise *-connected ideal bitopological spaces

Reference
[1] Arenas, F. G., Dontchev, J, Puertas, M. L., Idealization of some weak separation axioms. Acta Math. Hungar. 89 (1-2) (2000), 47-53.
[2] Dontchev, J., Ganster, M., Rose, D., Ideal resolvability. Topology and its Appl. 93 (1999), 1-16.
[3] Ekici, E., Noiri, T., Connectedness in ideal topological spaces. Novi Sad J. Math.Vol. 38, No. 2, 2008, 65-70
[4] Hatir, E., Keskin, A., Noiri, T., A note on strong β-I-sets and strongly β-I- continuous functions. Acta Math. Hungar. 108 (1-2) (2005), 87-94.
[5] Jafari, S., and Rajesh, N., On qI open sets in ideal bitopological spaces, University of Bacau, Faculty of Sciences, Scientific Studies and Research, Series Mathematics and Informatics., Vol. 20, No.2 (2010), 29-38

Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Application

Abstract: In this rapid changing world in wireless communication, dual or multiband antenna has been playing a key role for wireless service requirements. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) have been widely applied in mobile devices such as handheld computers and smart phones. These two techniques have been widely considered as a cost-effective, flexible, reliable and highspeed data connectivity solution, enabling user mobility. This paper presents a literature survey of dual band rectangular patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX application with variety of substrate, feed techniques and slots. In this paper we also discuss the basics of microstrip antenna, various feeding techniques, design model and antenna parameters with their advantage and disadvantages.

Key words: Microstrip antenna, feed techniques, Dielectric, Patch width, Patch Length.

Reference
[1] R. Jothi Chitra,V. Nagarajan ,2013. "Double L-slot microstrip patch antenna array for WiMAX and WLAN applications", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 39, pp 1026-1041
[2] Bharath Kelothu, K.R. Subhashini, IEEE Transactions 2012."A compact high-gain microstrip patch antenna for dual band WLAN application".
[3] Xu-bao Sun ,Mao-Young Cao, 2012. "A rectangular slot with Transactions improved bandwidth", Elsevier Science Direct, Vol. 66, pp 465-466.
[4] M A Matin, M.P Saha, H. M. Hasan, 2010 " Design of broadband patch antenna for WiMAX and WLAN", IEEE.
[5] Chien- Yuan Pan, Tzyy-sheng horng, 2007. "Dual wideband printed monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX application", IEEE.

Half Swing Clocking Scheme at 45nm

Abstract: Achievement of high processor speed with low power consumption is an elemental factor in processor technology, especially for hand-held devices. The need for low power has caused a major paradigm shift where power dissipation has become a important consideration as performance and area. In CMOS circuits, dynamic power consumption is proportional to the transition frequency, capacitance, and square of supply voltage. Consequentially, lowering supply voltage delivers significant power savings compromising the speed of processor. Large portion of the total power is consumed in the clocking circuitry in embedded processor technology. So clock power can be reduced using half swing of clock scheme which will cut down the power dissipation and minimum speed degradation. In Digital circuits by using double-edge triggered flip flops (DETFFs), the clock frequency can be significantly reduced ideally, in half while preserving the rate of data processing. Using lower clock frequency may translate into considerable power savings for the clocked portions of a circuit, including the clock distribution network and flip-flops. The designing is based on 45nm process technology.

Key words: Clock power, CMOS, DETFF

Reference
[1] David Levacq, M.Yazid, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, M. takamaya" Half VDD clock swing flip flop with reduced contention for upto 60% power saving in clock distribution"IEEE Trans.,2007.
[2] Farhad HajAli Asgari and Manoj Sachdev" A Low-Power Reduced Swing Global Clocking Methodology" IEEE TRANS. Vol. 12, no. 5, May 2004.
[3] Jae-Il Kim and Bai-Sun Kong "Dual Edge-Triggered NAND-Keeper Flip-Flop for High-Performance VLSI" Hankuk Aviation University, 200-1 Hwajun-dong Deokyang-gu, Goyang, Kyunggi-do, 412-791, Korea,May 2003.
[4] Jatuchai Pangjun and Sachin S. Sapatnekar," low power clock distribution using multiple voltages and reduced swings" in University of Minnesota ,June2002.
[5] Loew, M.; Pfleiderer, H.-J.; Bruels, N. "Power Saving in CMOS using Half swing clocking scheme", Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2001.ESSCIRC 2001.

Implementation of High Performance Fir Filter Using Low Power Multiplier and Adder

Abstract: The ever increasing growth in laptop and portable systems in cellular networks has intensified the research efforts in low power microelectronics. Now a day, there are many portable applications requiring low power and high throughput than ever before. Thus, low power system design has become a significant performance goal. So this paper is face with more constraints: high speed, high throughput, and at the same time, consumes as minimal power as possible. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter is the important component for designing an efficient digital signal processing system. So, in this paper author trying, a FIR filter is constructing, which is efficient not only in terms of power and speed but also in terms of delay. When consider the elementary structure of an FIR filter, it is found that it is a combination of multipliers and delays, which in turn are the combination of adders. . This paper presents an efficient implementation and analysis for performance evaluation of multiplier and adder to minimize the consumption of energy during multiplication and addition methodology to improve the performance by compares different type of Multipliers and adder, respectively. By using, power comparison result of adders and multiplier, choice low power adder and multiplier to implementation of high performance FIR filter.

Key words: DSP, FPGA, Multiplier, VHDL

Reference
[1] Ankit Jairath, Sunil Kumar Shah, Amit Jain – "Design & implementation of FPGA based digital filters", Journal of IJARCET, ISSN: 2278-1323, Vol. 1, Issue 7, Sept. 2012.
[2] T Ramesh Reddy, Dr. K. Soundara Rajan – "Low Power and Low Area Digital FIR filter using Different Multipliers and Adders", International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol.1, Issue 3, May-2012.
[3] Shraddha S. Borkar and Awani S. Khobragade – "Optimization of FIR Digital Filter using Low Power MAC", IJCSET, ISSN: 2231-0711, Vol.2, Issue 4, 1150-1154, April-2012.
[4] Prof. Gopal S. Gawande, Dr. K. B. Khanchandani, T.P. Marode – "Approaches to Design and Implement High Speed Low Power Digital Filter: Review", International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research (IJCCR), ISSN: 2249-054X, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 1 January 2012.
[5] G.J.V.S.N. Lakshmi Devi and M. Ramesh Kumar – "Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient, Reconfigurable Fir filter using Modified Booth and C.S.A.", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JEEE), ISSN: 2250-2424, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Sept 2012 11-18.

A Mathematical Model Using Gamma Process to Find Pulsatile LH Secretion in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome

Abstract: The uncertain arrival of shocks can be modeled as a Poisson process. When degradation takes place in very small increments almost continuously over time, a simpler and effective stochastic model of degradation can be derived as a limiting form of the compound poison process. The limiting form is obtained when the rate of damage occurrence approaches infinity in any finite time interval as the size of the increment tends to zero. Such a stochastic process is referred to as a gamma process because the cumulative damage up to time t follows the gamma distribution. The gamma process is suitable to model gradual damage monotonically accumulating over time in a sequence of tiny increments, such as wear, fatigue, degrading health index etc., In the application part the premenstrual syndrome has been proposed to result from excessive exposure to and or withdrawal of brain opioid activity during the luteal phase. The changes in the luteal LH pulse frequency failed to provide evidence that GnRH secretion is impaired, thus challenging the view that the neuroregulation of the menstrual cycle in women with PMS is markedly altered. The mathematical model has been proposed that for women suffering from severe, long term premenstrual symptoms, the symptom free interval associated with the follicular phase is compromised by the feelings of guilt and depression for neglect of families and professional responsibilities.

Key words: Compound Poisson Process, EF, FSH, GnRH, ML, LH, LL. 2010 AMS Classification: 62H_XX, 60 E_XX

Reference
[1] Abdel – Hameed M.A gamma wear process. IEEE Trans Reliab 1975; 24(2): 152 – 3.
[2] Backstorm CT, McNeilly AS, Leask RM, Baird DT (1982) Pulsatile secretion of LH FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone during the human menstrual cycle. Clin Endocrinol 17: 29 – 42
[3] Choung CJ, Coulam CB, Bergstrahl EJ, O'Fallon WM, Steinmetz GI (1988) Clinical trial of naltrexone inpremenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 72: 332 – 336.
[4] De Kloet, E.R., Hormones and the stressed brain. Ann.N.Y Acad. Sci. 2004; 1018: 1-15.
[5] Endicot, J., Andreasen, N., Spitzer, R.L., Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Biometric Research New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 1975.

Design and Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade by Potential Flow Approach

Abstract: The design features of the turbine segment of the gas turbine have been taken from the "preliminary design of a power turbine for maximization of an existing turbojet engine". It was observed that in the above design, after the rotor blades being designed they were analyzed only for the mechanical stresses. As the temperature has a significant effect on the overall stress in the rotor blades, a detailed study is carried out on the temperature effects to have a clear understanding of the combined mechanical and the thermal stresses. The first stage rotor blade of the gas turbine is analyzed for the mechanical axial and centrifugal forces. Knowing the fluid conditions at exit of the gas turbines, a value of static pressure was assumed at the turbine outlet. From this the corresponding enthalpy drop required in the power turbine is calculated. The peripheral speed of rotor and flows velocities is kept in the reasonable range so to minimize losses. In which the base profiles available and is analyzed later for flow conditions through any of the theoretical flow analysis methods such as "Potential flow Approach".

Key words: Gas turbine blade, Mechanical and the thermal stresses, mechanical axial and centrifugal forces, Potential flow Approach, Static pressure, enthalpy drop

Reference
[1]. Steam & Gas turbines and Power Plant Engineering, VII ed., 2004, Central Publishing House Allahabad.
[2]. Fundamental of Internal combustion Engine by Gill, Smith, Ziurys
[3]. I.C. Engine by Rogowsky
[4]. I.C. Engine Analysis and Practice by E.F. Obert
[5]. Gas Turbine Theory by Cohen and Rogers

Experimental Investigation of Bio-Diesel Obtained From Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends with Diesel on Single Cylinder Engine

Abstract: In this experiment a comprehensive experimental investigation of bio-diesel oil on single cylinder engine running with biodiesel obtained from Waste cooking oil and its blends with diesel was carried out for its performance and emission analysis. The results which obtained are significantly comparable to pure diesel. It shows that biodiesel obtained from cooking oil can be used as alternative fuel with better performance and lower emissions compared with diesel and play a very vital role for the overall economic development of the country.

Key words: Waste Cooking oil, Transesterification, Engine performance, Exhaust emission

Reference
[1] Meher LC., Naik SN., and Das LM., "Methanolysis of pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil for production of biodiesel." Journal of Scientific and Industrial research Volume 63, November 2004 pp 913-918.
[2] Meher LC., Naik SN., "Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongami pinnata oil for production of biodiesel." Bioresource Technology 97 (2006) pp. 1392-1397.
[3] Tomasevic AV., Siler-Marinkovic SS." Methanolysis of used frying oil." Fuel processing Technology 81 (2003) pp. 1-6.
[4] Math MC. and Irfan G. "Optimization of restaurant waste oil methyl ester yield." Journal of Scientific and Industrial research Volume 66, November 2007 pp. 772-776.
[5] Stavarache C, Vinatoru M, Maeda Y. "Aspects of ultrasonically assisted transesterification of various vegetable oils with methanol.", Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14(3) March(2007) pp.380-386.

The Dynamic Response Analysis of Auto Body Sheets to Node Loads

Abstract: The 3D vehicle body model was built using UG NX6.0, then it was imported into the Workbench of Finite Elment Analyis Software ANSYS V12.1. In the Workbench, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of auto body sheets with 4 kinds of node load environment are implemented. Meanwhile the harmonic response analysis of engine's single sine vibration is obtained in stimulation processing based on the modal calculation. Then the rule of influence on the auto body sheets to node load environment was explored further. Node load environment increased the resonance amplitude of harmonic response analysis. What's more, the resonance amplitude increased as the increasing of node loads, which would increase the probability of vehicle structure failure.

Key words: ANSYS-Workbench,vibration modal,dynamic response,harmonic response analysis,node load

Reference
[1] Lin, N. I., Z. H. O. N. G. Hui, and D. U. A. N. Chao. "Research on RFID Application Mode in Automotive Manufacturing Production Line." Computer Engineering 4 (2012): 074.
[2] Wang, Gang, and Feng Sun. "FEA and optimize design of a new type structure of FOG." Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE), 2010 2nd International Conference on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2010.
[3] Kong, Xiang Wei, et al. "Finite Element Analysis of Sieve Box Structure in Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 118 (2010): 497-501.
[4] Gao, Dong Qiang, et al. "Research on the Application of Periodic Truss-Core Structures to Structural Design of Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 194 (2011): 1977-1981.
[5] Wanqiong, Guan Fei Wang Lie Li, and Feng Benyi Li Baocheng. "A SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF A WHOLE VEHICLE AND DYNAMIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF A VEHICLE FRAME." Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics 2 (1985): 006.(in Chinese)

Effect of Chemical Additives on the Shelf Life of Cucumber Juice

Abstract: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a commercially cultivated worldwide as a seasonal vegetable crop. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effect of different chemical additives namely Sodium benzoate, Potassium metabisulfite( KMS) and their combination, on the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of cucumber juice. The storage was done for 6 months at room temperature and the analysis was conducted at the interval of one month. For the physicochemical parameters like TS, TSS, acidity, color values (Lab), a very slight but non-significant change was observed. Vitamin C, total phenols and antioxidant activity changed significantly (p≤0.05). The variation was found in the color of different samples. Considering all the parameters, samples treated with potassium metabisulfite maintained the maximum nutrient stability.

Key words: Antioxidant activity, Chemical additives, Cucumber, Phytochemicals

Reference
[1] P K Mukherjee, N. K. Nema, N. Maity and B. K. Sarkar, Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber, Fitoterapia 84 (2013) 227–236.
[2] G Sotiroudis, E. Melliou Sotiroudis and I. Chinou, Chemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of three Greek cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivars, Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34, 2010,61-78.
[3] P K Warrier, Indian medicinal plants: a compendium of 500 species (Chennai: Press Orientlongman, 1994).
[4] E D A Melo, V.L.A.G. Lima, M.I.S Maciel, A.C.S. Caetano and F.L.L Leal, Polyphenol, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid contents in common fruits and vegetables, Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 9, 2006,89-94.
[5] N S Gill, M. Garg, R. Bansal, S. Sood, A. Muthuraman and M. Bali, Evaluation of antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Cucumis sativus L. seed extract in rats, Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1, 2009, 131-138.

Shunt Connected STATCOM Control Grid of Wind Turbine System for Balanced and Unbalanced Non Linear Loads

Abstract: Injection of wind power into the grid affects the power quality resulting in poor performance of the system. The power arising out of the wind turbine when connected to a grid system concerning the power quality measurements are active power, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage sell, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. This paper proposes a control scheme based on instantaneous reactive power theory for compensating reactive power requirements of wind turbine generator as well as the harmonics produced by balanced and unbalanced.non linear loads. The proposed control scheme is simulated l using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set

Key words: STATCOM, Wind Turbine Generator, Instantaneous Reactive power (IRP), Hysteresis Control

Reference
[1] J. O. Q. Tande 'Applying Power Quality Characteristics of wind turbine for Assessing impact on Voltage Quality', wind Energy,pp52 2002 [2] Z. Chen, E. Spooner, 'Grid Power Quality with Variable Speed Wind Turbines', IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, Vol. 16, No .2, pp 148-154, June 2001. [3] L. H. Hansen, L. Helle, F. Blaabjerg, E. Ritchie, S. Munk-Nielsen, H. Binder, P. Sørensen and B. Bak - Jensen "Conceptual Survey of Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines ", Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, December 2001. [4] A.Arulampalam, M.Barnes & N.Jenkins, Power quality and stability improvement of a wind farm using STATCOM, Proc. IEE Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 153, No.6, 2006, 701-710. [5] Z.Saad-Saoud, M.L.Lisboa, J.B.Ekanayake, N. Jenkins & G.Strbac, Application of STATCOMs to wind farms, Proc. IEE Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol.145, No. 5, 1998, 511-516.

Parametric Study and Design Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Impeller-A Review

Abstract: Centrifugal pumps are widely used for irrigation, water supply plants, steam power plants, sewage, oil refineries, chemical plants, hydraulic power service, food processing factories and mines, because of their suitability in practically any service. Therefore it is necessary to find out the design parameters and working conditions that yield optimal output and maximum efficiency with lowest power consumption. Study indicates that Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is being increasingly applied in the design of centrifugal pumps. With the aid of the CFD approach, the complex internal flows in water pump impellers, can be well predicted, to speed up the pump design procedure. This paper exposes the various research work carried out in this direction especially in the content of parametric study and optimization of centrifugal pump impeller using CFD tool and DoE technique. Literature surveys indicate that very restricted work has been done in this area.

Key words: Centrifugal pump, CFD, DOE.

Reference
[1] E. Dick, J. Vierendeels, S. Serbruyns and J. Vande Voorde "Performance Prediction Of Centrifugal Pumps With Cfd-Tools" tq0405e7/579 26 I 2002 BOP s.c.,
[2] K.W. Cheah, T. S. Lee, S. H.Winoto, and Z.M. Zhao "Numerical Flow Simulation in a Centrifugal Pump atDesign and Off-Design Conditions" Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Rotating MachineryVolume 2007, Article ID 83641
[3] E.C. Bacharoudis, A.E. Filios, M.D. Mentzos and D.P. Margaris, "Parametric Study of a Centrifugal Pump Impeller by Varying the Outlet Blade Angle" The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 75-83
[4] Andrzej Wilk "The Analysis Of A Hydraulic Efficiency Of An Open Impeller with Radial Blades Obtained In Laboratory Tests Of High Speed Impeller Pump" New Aspects Of Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer And Environment Isbn: 978-960-474-215-8
[5] LIU Houlin, WANG Yong, YUAN Shouqi, TAN Minggao, and WANG Kai "Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps" chinese journal of mechanical engineering vol. 23,ano. *,a2010

Robust Palm Vein Recognition Using LMKNCN Classification

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to improve the recognition percentage of palm-vascular-based authentication systems presented in the literature. The proposed method efficiently accommodates the rotational, translational changes and potential deformations by encoding the orientation preserving features. The proposed palm-vein approach is compared with other existing methods and obtained an improved performance in both verification and recognition scenarios. The experimental results obtained in this work based on PolyU and CASIA Vein databases conforms the superiority of the proposed method in both the recognition and verification.

Index Terms: Biometrics, multispectral palm- print, palm-vein recognition, personal authentication, vascular biometrics.

Reference
[1] Chen H, Lu G. and Wang R. (2009) "A new palm vein matching method based on ICP algorithm‟ in Proc. Int. Conf. Interaction Sciences, Seoul, pp. 1207–1211.
[2] Feng M.L. and Tan Y.P. (2004) "Contrast adaptive binarization of low quality document images‟ IEICE Electron. Express, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 501–506.
[3] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Automatic personal identification using feature similarity index matching", Am. J. Applied Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 678-685, 2012.
[4] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Automatic palmprint identification based on high order zernike moment", Am. J. Applied Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 759-765, 2012.
[5] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Palmprint recognition using feature level fusion", J. of Comput. Sci.,. Vol.8, No.7, pp.1049-1061, 2012.

Active Watermarking Approach in Detecting Encrypted Traffic Attack by Making Correlation Scheme Robust

Abstract: Network security is complex and challenging problem in today's world.Despite of many Sophisticated techniques,attack on the network continues to increase.At present,in order to hide the identity of the attacker,attackers send their attack through a chain of compromised hosts that are used as "stepping stones".In this paper we present an approach to find the connection chain of an intruder for tracing back to the origin especially if the attack through the traffic is encrypted one.Our approach will based on analysing correlations of encrypted connection between number of packets sent in outgoing connections and that of the incoming packets in the connection.We proposed a correlation scheme based on watermarking which will be robust against timing perturbation.This approach yields effective better results in terms of number of packets than in existing passive timing based coreelation.This paper presents a new method of embedding a watermark in traffic flow.Here for the purpose of embedding the watermark,the packet timing is adjusted for specific intervals.By slightly changing the packet timing,we achieve robust correlation of encrypted network against random timing perturbation.

Key words: Correlation, IPD, Robustness, Stepping stones, Watermark

Reference
[1] X.Wang, D. Reeves, S. F. Wu and J. Yuill .Sleepy Watermark Tracing: An Active Network -Based Intrusion response framework. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on information Security (IFIP/Sec 2001),pages 369 -384. Kluwer Academic Publishers, June 2001
[2] K.Yoda and H. Etoh. Finding a Connection Chain for Tracing Intruders. In Proceeding of the 6th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2000),LNCS-1895,pages 191-205. Springer-Verlag,October 2002
[3] Y.Zhang and V. Paxson. Detecting Stepping Stones.In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium,pages 171 - 184.USENIX ,2000.
[4] L. Zhang ,A. G. Persaud ,A. Johnson, and Y. Guan. Detection of Stepping Stone Attack under Delay and Chaff Perturbations. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC 2006), April 2006
[5] I. Cox, M. Miller, and J. Bloom. Digital Watermarking. Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.

Development of Genetic Algorithm Based Macro Mechanical Model for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Abstract: This paper presents the applicability of hybrid networks that combine Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for predicting the strength properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced concrete (SFRC) with different water-cement ratio (0.4,0.45,0.5,0.55), aggregate-cement ratio (3,4,5), % of fibres (0.75,1.0,1.5) and aspect ratio of fibres (40,50,60) as input vectors. Strength properties of SFRC such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and compaction factor are considered as output vector. The network has been trained with data obtained from experimental work. The hybrid neural network model learned the relation between input and output vectors in 1900 iterations. After successful learning GA based BPN model predicted the strength characteristics satisfying all the constrains with an accuracy of about 95%.The various stages involved in the development of genetic algorithm based neural network model are addressed at length in this paper.

Key words: Aggregate-Cement ratio(A/C), Aspect ratio(AR), Back propagation network(BPN),Genetic Algorithm(GA),Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete(SFRC),

Reference
[1] Battacharya,A.K,Devadas Menon,Rajeevan,K. (2008), Optimal Design of precast pipe racks, Indian Concrete journal March-2008 pp-21-28
[2] Cengiz Toklu, Y., (2005). Aggregate blending Algorithm, computer Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol.20, NoK.6,pp 450-460.
[3] Dragon A. Savic, Ken E.Evans and Thorstan Silberhorn, (1999), A Genetic Algorithm based system for the Optimal Design of Laminates, Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.187-197.
[4] Govindaraj, V., Ramasamy, J.V.,(2006) Optimum Design Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Genetic Algorithm, Journal of structural engineering Vol.33, No.2, June-July 2006 pp. 139-147.
[5] Kong, J., Kwok, T.C.,(2006) Preliminary designing of concrete structures using Genetic Algorithm and spread sheets, 31st conference on OUR world in concrete and structures,16-17th Aug-2006

Energy Auditing Of Induction Motor

Abstract: Energy crisis is one of the crucial problems faced by all the countries in the world due to depletion in natural resources used for energy generation and the huge investment for generating energy from alternate resources. This article suggested some of the major areas of energy conservation practices so that there may be a chance to see the state of Andhra Pradesh as "NO POWERCUT" state in India. A viable and immediate solution in this juncture is the energy conservation as cited by the slogan "Energy conserved is Energy Generated". Optimum use of electrical energy, not only results in cash savings, but also improves the economy of the country substantially. Hence there is an urgent need for energy management and control, which ultimately concludes with the practice of energy conservation. Energy as we all know is a crucial input in the process of economic, social and industrial development. Energy consumption is increasing at a very fast rate. With growing demand for energy ithas become essential to minimize energy leakages. This article suggest some of the methods to make the gap between power generation and demand is equal to Zero.

Key words: Energy audit, induction motor, Neural network, Payback period calculations, Rewound motors

Reference
[1] O.C. Agustin ,"Automatic milled rice quality analysis" Future Generation Communication and Networking, vol.2., pp.112-115, Issue13-15, 2008.
[2] M. D. Ahiduzzaman, A.K.M. Sadrul Islam , "Assessment of rice husk energy use for green electricity generation in Bangladesh", Developments in Renewable Energy Technology, pp.1, 2012.
[3] J. Armstrong, "Quality system implementation in a pulp and paper mills", E&I maintenance group, pp. 194-202, 1994.
[4] Ashrae , "Driftmier energy audit report", University of Georgia Athens, Georgea, 2006.
[5] A. Boysen, H.B. Hidemark Danielson, Sweden, "Energy conservation in building and community system", 1987.

Integrated Circuit Interconnect Lines on Lossy Silicon Substrate with Finite Element Method

Abstract: The silicon substrate has a significant effect on the inductance parameter of a lossy interconnect line on integrated circuit. It is essential to take this into account in determining the transmission line electrical parameters. In this paper, a new quasi-TEM capacitance and inductance analysis of multiconductor multilayer interconnects is successfully demonstrated using finite element method (FEM). We specifically illustrate the electrostatic modeling of single and coupled interconnected lines on a silicon-silicon oxide substrate. Also, we determine the quasi-static spectral for the potential distribution of the silicon-integrated circuit.

Key words: Finite element method, capacitance, inductance, interconnect, silicon substrate.

Reference
[1] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the modeling of multiconductor multilayer systems for interconnect applications,"Microelectronics Journal, vol. 32, pp. 351-355, 2001.
[2] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the frequency-dependent line admittance of VLSI interconnect lines on silicon-based semiconductor substrate," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 33, pp. 449-458, 2002.
[3] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the capacitance and conductance calculations of integrated-circuit interconnects with thick conductors," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 335-339, 2001.
[4] W. Delbare and D. De Zutter, "Accurate calculations of the capacitance matrix of a multiconductor transmission line in a multilayered dielectric medium," IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest, Long Beach, CA, pp. 1013-1016, 1989.
[5] J. Zhang, Y-C. Hahm, V. K. Tripathi, and A. Weisshaar, "CAD-oriented equipment-circuit modeling of on-chip interconnects on lossy silicon substrate," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1443-1451, 2000.

Experimental Investigation of Jet Impingement Cooling On a Ribbed Surface with Holes

Abstract: Jet impingement has found applications in many processes where there is a need for higher heat transfer The paper reports the results of experimental investigations of the flow and heat transfer from a triangular ribbed heated plate with holes, impinged by a round jet in a confined case built around the plate. The parameters varied are heat flux, ratio of the distance of the nozzle from the plate to the diameter of the nozzle and flow rate of air. These values are further processed to calculate the Reynolds number, heat transfer coefficients and consequently the Nusselt numbers for each combination.

Key words: Jet impingement, Reynolds number, Triangular Ribbed surface.

Reference
[1] V. Narayanan, J. Seyed-Yagoobi, R.H. Page, An experimental study of fluid mechanics and heat transfer in an impinging slot jet flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 1827–1845.
[2] Shyy Woei Changa, Hsin-Feng Liou ,Heat transfer of impinging jet-array onto concave- and convex-dimpled surfaces with effusion, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 4484–4499.
[3] W.M. Yan, S.C. Mei, Measurement of detailed heat transfer along rib-roughened surface under arrays of impinging elliptic jets, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 5235–5245.
[4] Vadiraj Katti, S.V. Prabhu, Heat transfer enhancement on a flat surface with axisymmetric detached ribs by normal impingement of circular air jet, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 29 (2008) 1279–1294
[5] Akhilesh P. Rallabandi, Dong-Ho Rhee, Zhihong Gao, Je-Chin Han, Heat transfer enhancement in rectangular channels with axial ribs or porous foam under through flow and impinging jet conditions, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4663–4671

An Adaptive Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

Abstract: In this research we are investigate the controlling and enhancing or modulation power flow in a transmission line using a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). At present studies it include detailed PWM techniques controlled for SSSC, are conducted in control circuits. In this proposed technique we are study a static synchronous series compensator is used to investigate the device in controlling active and reactive power as well as damping power system oscillations in th transient mode. This SSSC DEVICE IS EQUIPPED WITH A SOURCE ENERGY IN TH dc LINK can observe or supply the active and reactive power to or supply the active and reactive power to or from the line. This application has been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results are obtained from a selected bus-2 in two machine power system shows and efficiency of this compensator is one of the facts device as a member in power flow controller to achieve desired value for active, reactive powers and damping oscillations appropriately,

Key words: STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), FACTS

Reference
[1] M. Faridi , H.Maeiiat, M. Karimi, P. Farhadi and H. Mosleh (2011) "power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)" IEEE Transactions on power system
[2] Sandeep Gupta, R. K. Tripathi (2010) "Voltage Stability Improvement in Power Systems using Facts Controllers: State-of-the- Art Review". IEEE Transactions on Power System, pp.I-8.
[3] H. Taheri, S. Shahabi, Sh. Taheri and A. Gholami (2009) "Application of Synchronous Static Series Compensator (SSSC) on Enhancement of Voltage Stability and Power Oscillation Damping", IEEE Transactions on Power System, pp. 533-539
[4] Abido M. A. (2009), "Power System Stability Enhancement Using Facts Controllers: A Review", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 34, pp. 153-172.
[5] B.N. Singh, A. Chandra, K.AI-Haddad and B. Singh (1999) "Performance of sliding- mode and fuzzy controllers for a static synchronous series compensator", IEEE proceedings, Volume 146, No.2, pp. 200-206.

Hybrid Series Capacitive Compensation Scheme In Damping Power System Oscillations Using Tcsc

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the phase imbalanced series capacitive compensation concept to enhance power system dynamics as it has the potential of damping power swing as well as sub synchronous resonance oscillations. A scheme for a phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is shown. It is a "hybrid" series compensation scheme, where the series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor (Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C).

Key words: FACTS controllers, phase imbalance, series compensation, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC).

Reference
[1] Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi, "Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems," IEEE Press, 2000
[2] M. Klein, G.J. Rogers and P. Kundur, "A Fundamental Study of Inter-Area Oscillations in Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1991, pp. 914-921.
[3] E.V. Larsen, J.J. Sanchez-Gasca and J.H. Chow, "Concepts for Designof FACTS Controllers to Damp Power Swings," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 948-956.
[4] B. Chaudhuri, B. Pal, A. C. Zolotas, I. M. Jaimoukha, and T. C. Green,"Mixed-sensitivity Approach to H Control of Power System Oscillations Employing Multiple FACTS Devices," IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 18, No. 3, August 2003, pp. 1149–1156.
[5] B. Chaudhuri and B. Pal, "Robust Damping of Multiple Swing Modes Employing Global Stabilizing Signals with a TCSC," IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 19, No. 1, February 2004, pp. 499–506.

Control Scheme of Z-Source Inverter Based BLDC Motor Drive System Using Modified Pulse Width Modulation Technique

Abstract: A modified pulse width modulation technique for Z-source inverter based BLDC motor is proposed and analyzed in this project.The Z-source inverter can be used as Buck/Boost converter with lower cost and high efficiency. BLDC motors are used in electric vehicles where portability and efficiency are required. This drive system provides advantages of both BLDC motors and Z-source inverter, and can be used in fuel cell system and other adjustable speed drive application. In this project principle of modified pulse width modulation technique is implemented and simulated. The model of a three phase Z-source inverter has been discussed based on modified pulse with modulation technique. The simulation of Z-source inverter based BLDC motor is done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Key words: Brushless dc motor(BLDC), z-source inverter, VSI, CSI, electric drive system.

Reference
[1]. F. Z. Peng, "Z-Source Inverter," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 39(2), pp.504–510, March/April 2003.
[2]. F. Z. Peng, Li Hui, Su Gui-Jia, J. S. Lawler, "A new ZVS bidirectional dc-dc converter for fuel cell and battery application," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19(1), Jan. 2004.
[3]. M. Shen, A. Joseph, J. Wang, F. Z. Peng, and D. J. Adams, "Comparison of traditional inverter and Z-Source inverter for fuel cell vehicles," IEEE WP 2004, pp.125–132.
[4]. "Advanced PM brushless DC motor control and system for electric vehicles" Fang Lin Luo; Hock Guan Yeo; Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE , vol.2, pp 1336 -1343, 2000
[5]. G. L. Tao, Z. Y. Ma, L. B. Zhou, and S. Hu, "Modeling and simulation of permanent magnet brushless DC motor allowing for damping windings," in Proc. IPEMC'2004, vol. 1, pp. 271-274, 2004.

Image Enhancement Using Linear Programming Method for High Dynamic Range Image

Abstract: Now a days in Telecommunication areas the contrast gain is considered as a major constraints. For the enhancement purpose, the technique called Histogram Equalization is involved, but due to over enhancement and not such gain is been obtained. So that for the OCTM is been proposed, where the constraints of HE is been rectified. OCTM gives better efficiency and it is been solved by Linear programming. In this paper the enhancement of HDR Image using linear Programming is done. According to it HDR Image is constructed using the multiple exposures and its contrast is enhanced using the OCTM method using Linear Programming.

Key words: HE, Dynamic Range, OCTM, Contrast Enhancement, Linear programming

Reference
[1] A. Majuinder and S. Irani, "Contrast enhancement of images using human contrast sensitivity," in APGV '06: Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2006, pp. 69-76.
[2] H. Seetzen, W. Heidrich, W. Stuerzlinger, G.Ward, L. Whitehead, M. Trentacoste, A. Ghosh, and A. Vorozcovs, "High dynamic range display systems," ACMTrans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH), vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 757–765, 2004.
[3] J R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital image processing, 2nd ed. NJ: Prentice- Hall, 2002.
[4] J K. H. Goh, Y. Huang, and L. Hui, "Automatic video contrast enhancement," in Proc. IEEE Int Consumer Electronics Symp, 2004, pp. 359-364.
[5] P. Ledda, A. Chalmers, T. Troscianko, and H. Seetzen, "Evaluation of tone mapping operators using a high dynamic range display," ACM Trans. Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH), vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 640–648, 2005.

Modeling and Optimization of Reductive Leaching Of Manganese from Low-Grade Manganese Ore in H₂SO₄ Using Glucose as Reductant

Abstract: Leaching studies of low-grade Egyptian manganese ore containing 25.3% MnO2, and 52.06 % Fe2O3 using glucose as reductant in sulfuric acid medium. The experiments were designed according to 2⁵ full factorial design, and regression equation for the extraction of Mn was determined as a function of H₂SO₄ concentration (C), H₂SO₄/Mn stoichiometric (S), glucose/Mn mole ratio (G), leaching temperature (T), and leaching time (M). The main factors affecting Mn dissolution are X₁ (C), and X₄ (T) that are the most positive significant. While the interaction of X₁X₄ (C : T), X₁X₅ (C : M), X₂X₃ (S : G), X₁X₂X₃ (C : S : G) X₁X₃X₅ (C : G : M) are positive significant which mean that the increase in these variables increasing the Mn recovery. On the other hand, the interaction between X₂X₃X₄ (S : G : T), and X₂X₄X₅ (S : T : M) are negatively significant, which means that increasing these effects decreasing the Mn recovery.

Key words: Mn ore, leaching, glucose, reductant, Mn recovery, factorial design.

Reference
[1] D. Azizi, S. Z. Shafaei, M. Noaparast, H. Abdollahi "Modeling and optimization of low-grade Mn bearing ore leaching using response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design", Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, V. 22, Issue 9, 2012
[2] X. Tian, X. Wen, C. Yang, Y. Liang, Z. Pi, Y. Wang "Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using corncob as reductant in sulfuric acid solution" Hydrometallurgy V. 100, Issues 3– 4, 2010.
[3] Z. Cheng, G. Zhu, Y. Zhao "Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant" Hydrometallurgy V. 96, Issues 1–2, 2009.
[4] H. Su, Y. Wen, F. Wang, Y. Sun, Z. Tong "Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore in H2SO4 using cane molasses as reductant" Hydrometallurgy V. 93, Issues 3–4, 2008.
[5] F.W.Y. Momade, Zs. G. Momade "Reductive leaching of manganese oxide ore in aqueous methanol-sulfuric acid medium", Hydrometallurgy 51, 1999.

A Newsubblock Partition Technique for PTS in OFDM Systems

Abstract: In recent years, OFDM has gained a lot of interest in diverse-digital communication applications. This has been due to its favorable properties like high spectral efficiency and robustness to channel fading. Some of the major drawbacks in OFDM are its high peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signals and the synchronization of signals. In this paper, a new subblock partition technique has been proposed in which signal subbands are partitioned in no. of subblocks using pseudo-random partitioned technique and then interleaved partition technique is applied. It is observed that PAPR is reduced as compared to conventional PTS.

Key words: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), partial transmit sequence (PTS), complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), inter-carrier-interference (ICI),Power amplifier (PA)

Reference
[1] X. Li and L. J. Cimini Jr., "Effects of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM," IEEE Comm. Letts., vol. 2, pp. 131-133,May 1998.
[2] A. E. Jones, T. A. Wilkinson, and S. K. Barton, "Block coding scheme for reduction of peak to mean envelope power ratio of multicarrier transmission scheme," Elec. Letts., vol. 30, pp. 2098-2099, 1994.
[3] H. W. Kang, Y. S. Cho, and D. H. Youn, "On compensating nonlineardistortions of an OFDM system using an efficient adaptive predistorter,"IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 47, Apr. 1999.
[4] R. W. Bauml, R. F H. Fischer, and J. B. Hiuber, "Reducing the peak-toaverage power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selective mapping,"Elec. Letts., vol. 32, pp. 2056-2057, 1996.
[5] S. H. Muller, R. W. Bauml, R. F H. Fischer, and J. B. Huber,"OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by multiple signal representation," in Annals of Telecommunications, vol. 52, pp. 58-67,Feb. 1997.

Effect of FACTS Type to Optimization Performance and Voltage Stability for Electrical Network

Abstract: In this paper, a multi objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to solve optimal reactive power (VAR) dispatch problem with flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is presented. This nonlinear multi objective problem (MOP) consists to minimize simultaneously real power loss in transmission lines and voltage deviation at load buses, by tuning parameters and location of FACTS. The constraints of this MOP are divided to equality constraints represented by load flow equations and inequality constraints such as, generation VAR sources and security limits at load buses. Two types of FACTS devices, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are considered. The design problem is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system.

Key words: Multi objective optimization; Voltage deviation; power losses; voltage stability; NSGAII; TCSC and UPFC.

Reference
[1] M. A. Abido, J. M. Bakhashwain, 'Optimal VAR dispatching using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm', Electrical Power and Energy System, 27 (2005) pp. 13-20.J.
[2] Mansour MO, Abdel-Rahman TM, Nonlinear VAR optimization using decomposition and coordination. IEEE Trans Power Apparat Syst 1984; PAS-103(2):246-55.
[3] Mamandur KRC, Chnoweth RD. Optimal control of reactive power flow for improvement in voltage profiles and for real power loss minimization. IEEE Trans Power Apparat Syst. 1981;PAS-100(7):3185-93.
[4] Iba K. Reactive power optimization by genetic algorithm. IEEE Trans Power Syst. 1994;9(2):685-92.
[5] Abido MA. A novel multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch. Electr Power Syst Res 2003;65(1):71-81..

Controlling Of Grid Interfacing Inverter Using ZVS Topology

Abstract: In a high-power grid-connected inverter application, the six-switch three-phase inverter is a preferred topology with several advantages such as lower current stress and higher efficiency. To improve the line current quality, the switching frequency of the grid-connected inverter is expected to increase. Higher switching frequency is also helpful for decreasing the size and the cost of the filter. However, higher switching frequency leads to higher switching loss. The soft-switching technique is a choice for a high-power converter to work under higher switching frequency with lower switching loss and lower EMI noise. The inverter can realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation in all switching devices and suppress the reverse recovery current in all anti parallel diodes very well. And all the switches can operate at a fixed frequency with the new SVM scheme and have the same voltage stress as the dc-link voltage. In grid-connected application, the inverter can achieve ZVS in all the switches under the load with unity power factor or less. The aforementioned theory is verified in a 30-kW inverter. The reduced switching loss increases its efficiency and makes it suitable for practical applications.

Index Terms— Grid connected soft switching, space vector modulation (SVM), three-phase inverter, zero-voltage switching (ZVS).

Reference
[1] N. Mohan, T. Undeland, andW. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design. New York: Wiley, 2003, pp. 524–545.
[2] M. D. Bellar, T. S. Wu, A. Tchamdjou, J. Mahdavi, and M. Ehsani, ―A review of soft-switched DC–AC converters,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 847–860, Jul./Aug. 1998.
[3] D. M. Divan, ―Static power conversion method and apparatus having essentially zero switching losses and clamped voltage levels,‖ U.S. Patent 48 64 483, Sep. 5, 1989.
[4] M. Nakaok, H. Yonemori, and K. Yurugi, ―Zero-voltage soft-switched PDM three phase AC–DC active power converter operating at unity power factor and sinewave line current,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Electronics Spec. Conf., 1993, pp. 787–794.
[5] H. Yonemori, H. Fukuda, and M. Nakaoka, ―Advanced three-phase ZVSPWM active power rectifier with new resonant DC link and its digital control scheme,‖ in Proc. IEE Power Electron. Variable Speed Drives, 1994, pp. 608–613.

Design and Implementation of a Teacher-Student Interaction System Based On ZIGBEE and RFID

Abstract: Based on analysis of features of ZIGBEE Wireless sensor networks and RFID technology, From the perspective of improving teaching methods, combining instruction practices, a teacher-student interaction system based on ZIGBEE and RFID technology was designed and implemented for the application of actual teaching. Results show that the system achieved the basic functions of a teacher-student interaction system. ZIGBEE wireless sensor network is based on the ZIGBEE technology. It has great application potential. Radio Frequency Identification, RFID is the use of radio frequency signals through space coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) to achieve non contact transmission of information through the message to the purpose of automatic identification technology. The teacher-student interaction system consists of RFID systems with ZIGBEE subsystems, can enhance the learning interaction between students and teachers. Students may also rely on this system to effectively communicate and interact with teachers, to unfamiliar places for learning and ask questions at any time, to avoid face to face embarrassing questions or omission may be a key.

Key words: ARM Processor, AT89S52 Micro-controller, RFID, ZIGBEE

Reference
[1] The Design and Implementation of a teacher-student Interaction Between Zigbee And Rfid , 978-1-4244-8039-5/11/ ©2011 IEEE
[2] Jiang Ting, Zhao Chenglin. Wireless sensor network technology and its application. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
[3] SUN Limin, Li Jianzhong. Wireless sensor networks. Beijing T singhua University Press, 2005.
[4] Dong Haitao, Qu Yugui Et al. ZigBee wireless sensor network platform for the design and implementation [J]. Electronic technology. 2007.
[5] IEEE 802 Std 802.15.4.Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY). Specifications for Low rate Wireless Personal Area Network. http://standards.ieee.org,2003.

Emergency Control Using Multifunctional DVR for Distribution Systems

Abstract: This paper discusses a new multifunctional dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and closed loop controller using the Posicast and P+Resonant controllers. The closed loop controller using the Posicast and P+Resonant controllers is proposed in order to improve the transient response and eliminate the steady-state error in DVR response, respectively. The proposed algorithm is applied to some disturbances in load voltage caused by induction motors starting, and a three-phase short circuit fault. Also, the capability of the proposed DVR has been tested to limit the downstream fault current. The current limitation will restore the point of common coupling (PCC) (the bus to which all feeders under study are connected) voltage and protect the DVR itself. The innovation here is that the DVR acts as virtual impedance with the main aim of protecting the PCC voltage during downstream fault without any problem in real power injection into the DVR. Results of the simulation studies in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment indicate that the proposed control scheme with faults and induction motor under multifunctional DVR.

Reference
[1] A. K. Jindal, A. Ghosh, and A. Joshi, ―Critical load bus voltage control using DVR under system frequency variation,‖ Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 255–263, Feb. 2008.
[2] J. A. Martinez and J. Martin-Arnedo, ―Voltage sag studies in distribution networks- part II: Voltage sag assessment,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1679–1688, Jul. 2006.
[3] S. S. Choi, B. H. Li, and D. M. Vilathgamuwa, ―Dynamic voltage restoration with minimum energy injection,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51–57, Feb. 2000.
[4] C. Fitzer, M. Barnes, and P. Green, ―Voltage sag detection technique for a dynamic voltage restore,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 203–212, Jan./Feb. 2004.
[5] Y. W. Li, D. M. Vilathgamuwa, F. Blaabjerg, and P. C. Loh, ―A robust control scheme for medium-voltage-levelDVR implementation,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 2249–2261, Aug. 2007.

Effect of Jet Shape on Flow and Torque Characteristics of Pelton Turbine Runner

Abstract: In Pelton turbine, the energy carried by water is converted into kinetic energy by providing nozzle at the end of penstock. The shape of jet affects the force and torque on the bucket and runner of turbine. The nozzle of circular cross section is commonly used. In this paper attempt has been made to study the effect of four different jet shapes on the flow and torque characteristics of Pelton turbine runner through numerical simulation.

Key words: Multiphase flow, jet shape, Pelton turbine, free surface flow, nozzle

Reference
[1] L.S. Kotousov, Measurement of the Water Jet Velocity at the Outlet of Nozzles with Different Profiles, Transaction of Technical Physics, Gases and Liquids, Vol. 50, No. 9, 2005, pp 1112-1118.
[2] Perrig, F. Avellan, J.L. Kueny and M. Farhat, Flow in a Pelton Turbine Bucket: Numerical and Experimental Investigations, Transaction of ASME, Vol.128, 2006,pp.350- 358.
[3] Zoppe, C. Pellone, T. Maitre and P. Leroy, Flow Analysis Inside a Pelton Turbine Bucket, Transaction of ASME, Vol. 128, 2006, pp.500-511.
[4] Zh. Zhang and M. Casey, Experimental Studies of the Jet of a Pelton Turbine, Proceeding of Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 221, 2007, pp.1181-1192. [5] M. Peron, E. Parkinson, Importance of Jet Quality on Pelton Efficiency and Cavitation, Proceeding of International Conference onHydraulic Efficiency Measurements (IGHEM-2008), 3-6 September, 2008, Milano.

Thin-Layer Chromatography of 2-Imino-3-(Substituted Aryl)-1-Thiazolidin-4-Ones and Their Intermediates, Chloroacetanilides

Abstract: Chloroacetinilides, prepared by the reaction of primary amines with chloroacetylchloride in benzene, were cyclocondensed with potassium thiocyanate in acetone to obtain 2-imino-3-(substituted aryl)-1-thiazolidin-4-ones. Intermediates and final products have been chromatographed on silica gel G. thin-layers using one- and two-component solvent systems and effects of various properties of developing solvents and migrating species on R_f values have been investigated beside the separation and identification.

Reference
[1] R.K.Upadhyay, V.P Singh and U. Bajpai. J. Chromatography, 93(1974) 494.
[2] R.K.Upadhyay, R.R. Bansal and U. Bajpai. Monatshefte Fur Chemie, 107(1976) 1221.
[3] R.K.Upadhyay and R.R. Bansal. J. Chromatography, 9(1976) 582.
[4] R.K.Upadhyay.J.Chromatography, 11(1978) 197.
[5] R.K.Upadhyay, N.Agarwal and N.Gupta. J. Chromatography, 542(1991) 531.

Nutrition Modelling Through Nano Topology

Abstract: Nutrition is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary in the form of food to support life. Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy, balanced diet. The purpose of this paper is to apply topological reduction of attributes in set-valued ordered information systems in finding the key foods suitable for two age groups in order to be healthy. We have already introduced a new topology called nano topology. The tactic applied here is in terms of basis of nano topology.

Key words: Core, Dominance relation, Lower approximation, Nano-open sets , Nano topology, Set valued information system, Upper approximation

Reference
[1] Changzhong Wanga, Congxin Wua, Degang Chenb, Qinghua Huc, Cong Wud, Communicating between information systems, Information Sciences 178 (2008) 3228-3239
[2] I. Düntsch, G. Gediga, Uncertainty measures of rough set prediction, Artificial Intelligence 106 (1998) 109-137.
[3] R. Jensen, Q. Shen, Fuzzy-rough sets assisted attribute selection, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 15 (2007) 73-89.
[4] E.F. Lashin , T. Medhat, Topological reduction of information systems, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 25 (2005) 277-286
[5] M.Lellis Thivagar, Carmel Richard, Note on nano topological spaces (communicated)

Rate Control Protocol for Fast Flows: A Survey

Abstract: In today's world, congestion control is a main objective to maximize fairness, utilization and throughput of the Internet. Every protocol has its own features to handle the congestion. The most widely used protocol over the Internet is Transfer Control Protocol. It aims at reliable and in order delivery of bytes to the higher layer and it also protect the network from congestive control. Other congestion control protocols are XCP and RCP. These new protocols are advancement over TCP. We study new congestion control protocol like Rate Control Protocol that make flows complete frequently as compared to TCP and other version of TCP and XCP. In this paper we have presented a comparison between TCP, XCP and RCP, which shows that RCP is a superior choice to use over the Internet to make flows complete quickly.

Key words: Transmission control protocol, Explicit control protocol, Rate control protocol

Reference
[1] S.Floyd, M.Allman, A.Jain, P.Sarolahti, "Quick-Start for TCP and IP," RFC4782, January 2007.
[2] M. Allman, S. Floyd, C. Partridge, "Increasing TCP's Initial Window," RFC 3390, October 2002.
[3] D. Katabi, M. Handley, C. Rohrs, "Internet Congestion Control for High Bandwidth-Delay Product Networks," Proceedings of ACM Sigcomm 2002 , Pittsburgh, August,2002.
[4] S. Floyd, "HighSpeed TCP for Large Congestion Windows," RFC 3649, December 2003.
[5] Y. Tian, K. Xu, N. Ansari, "TCP in Wireless Environments: Problems and Solutions,"IEEE(Radio)Communications Magazine, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. S27 - S32 , March 2005.

URL Obfuscation Phishing and Anti-Phishing: A Review

Abstract: Phishing is an internet fraud that acquires a user's credentials by deceptions. It includes theft of password, credit card number, bank account details, and other confidential information. It is the criminal scheme to steal the user's confidential data. There are many anti-phishing techniques used to protect users against phishing attacks. The statistical of APWG trends report for 1^st quarter 2013 says that now a day the maximum phishing attacks are done using URL Obfuscation phishing technique. Due to the different characteristics and methods used in URL Obfuscation, the detection of Obfuscated URL is complex. The current URL Obfuscation anti-phishing technique cannot detect all the counterfeit URLs. In this paper we have reviewed URL Obfuscation phishing technique and the detection of that Obfuscated URLs.

Key words: Anti-phishing, Hyperlink, Internet Security, Phishing, URL Obfuscation

Reference
[1] Anti-phishing Working Group (APWG) Official site, http://www.apwg.org
[2] Gaurav, Madhuresh Mishra, Anurag Jain, (March-April 2012) ―Anti-phishing techniques: A Review‖ International Journal of Engineering Research and Application (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622, Volume.2 Issue.2, Pages: 350-355.
[3] Madhuri S. Arade, P.C.Bhaskar (June 2011) ―Anti-phishing Model with URL & image based webpage Matching‖ International Journal of Computer Science and Technology (IJCST) ISSN: 2229-4333 (Print), 0976-8491 (Online), Volume 2, Issue.2, Pages: 282-286.
[4] Gunter Ollmann, Director of Security Strategy, IBM Internet Security System. ―The Phishing Guide: Understanding & Preventing Phishing Attacks‖.
[5] Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) – Phishing Activity Trends Reports 2013. (July 2013). http://docs.apwg.org/reports/apwg_trends_report_q1_2013.pdf.

A Survey Paper on Deduplication by Using Genetic Algorithm Alongwith Hash-Based Algorithm

Abstract: In today‟s world, by increasing the volume of information available in digital libraries, most of the system may be affected by the existence of replicas in their warehouses. This is due to the fact that, clean and replica-free warehouse not only allow the retrieval of information which is of higher quality but also lead to more concise data and reduces computational time and resources to process this data. Here, we propose a genetic programming approach along with hash-based similarity i.e, with MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm. This approach removes the replicas data and finds the optimization solution to deduplication of records.

Key words: Database administration, evolutionary computing algorithm i.e, genetic algorithm and MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm.

Reference
[1] N. Koudas, S. Sarawagi, and D. Srivastava, "Record Linkage: Similarity Measures and Algorithms," Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int‟l Conf. Management of Data, pp. 802-803, 2006.
[2] S. Chaudhuri, K. Ganjam, V. Ganti, and R. Motwani, "Robust and Efficient Fuzzy Match for Online Data Cleaning," Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int‟l Conf. Management of Data, pp. 313-324, 2003.
[3] V.S. Verykios, G.V. Moustakides, and M.G. Elfeky, "A Bayesian Decision Model for Cost Optimal Record Matching," The Very Large Databases J., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2003.
[4] I.P. Fellegi and A.B. Sunter, "A Theory for Record Linkage," J. Am. Statistical Assoc., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1183-1210, 1969.
[5] I. Bhattacharya and L. Getoor, "Iterative Record Linkage for Cleaning and Integration," Proc. Ninth ACM SIGMOD Workshop Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 11-18, 2004.

Client Server Model Based DAQ System for Real-Time Air Pollution Monitoring

Abstract: The proposed system consists of client server model based Data-Acquisition Unit. The Embedded Web Server integrates Pollution Server and DAQ that collects air Pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2). The Pollution Server is designed by considering modern resource constrained embedded systems. In contrast, an application server is designed to the efficient execution of programs and scripts for supporting the construction of various applications. While a pollution server mainly deals with sending HTML for display in a web browser on the client terminal, an application server provides access to server side logic for pollutants levels to be use by client application programs. The Embedded Web Server is an arm mcb2300 board with internet connectivity and acts as air pollution server as this standalone device gathers air pollutants levels and as a Server. Embedded Web server is accessed by various clients.

Key words: Air Pollution, Embedded System, GPS, GPRS, Web Server

Reference
[1] M. Gao, F. Zhang, and J. Tian, "Environmental monitoring system with wireless mesh network based on embeddedsystem," in Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Symp. Embedded Computing, 2008, pp. 174–179.
[2] W. Chung and C. H. Yang, "Remote monitoring system with wireless sensors module for room environment," Sens. Actuators B, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 35–42, 2009.
[3] J. W. Kwon, Y. M. Park, S. J. Koo, and H. Kim, "Design of air pollution monitoring system using ZigBee networks for ubiquitous-city," in Proc. Int. Conf. Convergence Information Technology, 2007, pp. 1024–1031.
[4] M. AbuJayyab, S. Al Ahdab, M. Taji, Z. Al Hamdani, and F. Aloul, ―Pollumap: A pollution mapper for cities,‖ in Proc. IEEE Innovations in Information Technology Conf., Dubai, UAE, Nov. 2006, pp. 1–5.
[5] A. R. Al-Ali, Imran Zualkernan, and Fadi Aloul, "A Mobile GPRS-Sensors Array for Air Pollution Monitoring", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 10, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2010.

S.No.	Title	Page	Downloads
1.	Seasonal Variations Of Heavy Metals In Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) Collected From Sikkak Dam Of Tlemcen (Algeria) Seasonal Variations Of Heavy Metals In Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) Collected From Sikkak Dam Of Tlemcen (Algeria) Abstract: Seasonal variations in the concentrations of six heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) were determined from December 2010 to November 2011 in four different tissues (muscles, gills, gonads, and livers) of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L., 1758) from Sikkak dam at Ainyoucef (Wilaya of Tlemcen) which is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in northwest part of Algeria. Heavy metals in fish samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) after dry digestion. One-way ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the data among seasons (level of 0,05). Mean concentrations were found to decrease in sequence of Cyprinuscarpio samples, in muscle and liver as Fe > Zn >Pb> Ni > Cu > Cd, in gills as Zn > Fe >Pb> Ni > Cu > Cd, and in gonads Fe > Zn > Ni >Pb> Cu > Cd. In samples Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded the tolerable values provided by FAO/WHO. The highest metals concentrations were found in liver followed by gills, by gonads, and by muscle. Heavy metal levels in tissues of carp were decreased in winter. The obtained results showed that the average values of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni were at the highest levels in summer. The highest Pb levels were measured in the spring and Fe in autumn. It found that all tested metals in organs did not reveal any significant difference between different seasons (P > 0,05), (inter-season comparison). Key words: Heavy metal, pollution, Cyprinuscarpio, Sikkak dam, Tlemcen. Reference [1] S. Tekin-Özan, and I. Kir, Seasonal variations of heavy metals in some organs of carp (Cyprinuscarpio L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 138 (1-3), 2008, 201-206. [2] M. Bahnasawy, A. Khidr, and N. Dheina, Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations in Mullet, Mugilcephalus and liza Ramada (Mugilidae) from lake Manzala, Egypt, Journal of Applied Sciences Research,5(7), 2009,845-852. [3] L. Kalyoncu, H. Kalyoncu, and G.Arslan, Determination of heavy metals levels in fish species from Isikh dam Lake and Karacaoren Dam (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,184(4), 2012, 2231-2235. [4] M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. A. Olgunoğlu, Seasonal variation of trace elements in muscle tissues of two commercially valuable freshwater fish species (Silurustriostegus and BarbusgrypusHeckel, 1843) from Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey), African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(34), 2011, 628-6632. [5] D.J.H. Phillips, Quantitative aquatic biological indicators. Applied Science Publishers, London, 1980. DerragZineb, Dali Youcef* Nacéra and MesliLotfi	01-08
2.	Spatial and Temporal Determination of the Air Quality at Major Transportation Regions of the Hyderabad Metropolitan City: India. Spatial and Temporal Determination of the Air Quality at Major Transportation Regions of the Hyderabad Metropolitan City: India. Abstract: At present much attention is given to find the evidence linking urban air pollution to acute and chronic illnesses amongst all groups' people. Therefore, monitoring of ambient concentrations of various air pollutants as well as quantification of the pollutant inhaled becomes quite important, specially in view of the fact that in many countries, policy decisions for reducing pollutant concentrations are mainly taken on the basis of their health impacts. Amounts of SO₂, PM and NO_x originating from the city-traffic are not less important than the emissions from other sources such as residential heating systems and industrial activities. This paper reveals that concentration for four pollutants namely sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Total suspended particulate matter and respirable suspended particular matter from January 2010 to April 2013. The three year average maximum concentration of SO₂, NO_X, RSPM and TSPM are reported to be 5.4 μg/m³, 32.0 μg/m³, 127.4 μg/m³ and 318.6 μg/m3 at Panjagutta, Paradise, Balanagar and Panjagutta respectively. Key words: Transportation, Air Quality, Particulate Matter, Wind Rose, Distribution. Reference [1] A.D. Bhanarkar, S.K. Goyal, R. Sivacoumar, C.V. Chalapati Rao, Assessment of contribution of SO2 and NO2 from different sources in Jamshedpur region, India, Atmospheric Environment 39, (2005). [2] Central pollution control board National Ambient Air Quality Standards, March 31, (1995). [3] Indrani Gupta., Rakesh Kumar., Trends of particulate matter in four cities in India, Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006). [4] Jai Shanker Pandey., Rakesh Kumar., Sukumar Devotta., Health risks of NO2, SPM and SO2 in Delhi (India), Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005). [5] Jean-Paul Rodrigue., Pollutants Emitted by Transport Systems (Air, Water and Noise)the geoghraphy of transportation system. B. Venkateswar Rao, E. Ramjee, V. Venkateswara Reddy	09-14
3.	Evaluation Of Flexure Strength Behavior Of Over Burnt Brick Ballast Aggregate Concrete Evaluation Of Flexure Strength Behavior Of Over Burnt Brick Ballast Aggregate Concrete Abstract: Regional conditions enforced engineers to generate a study on concrete which incorporate Over Burnt Brick Ballast Aggregate partially due to their abundance. 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (M0₅, M₁₀, M₁₅, M₂₀) incorporation was used as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate in concrete. Analysis of incorporated concrete was done in fresh state as well in hardened state to evaluate different properties of concrete i.e. slump value, compaction factor value, unit weight, flexural strength and Los Angeles abrasion value. From experimental approach it is concluded that Concrete formed with over burnt brick ballast aggregate showed beneficial performance as compared with the concrete made up of natural aggregate obtained from Sargodha. It reduces the cost of concrete by reducing the aggregate cost and produces economical infrastructure system. The waste generated from the brick kiln is utilized efficiently, making environment friendly encouraging green construction. Key words: Over Burnt brick Ballast Aggregate, Kiln, Green construction Reference [1] The Dallas Sierra Club Take Action: Recycling Dallas, TX updated: 5/20/2008 http://texas.sierraclub.org/dallas/conservation/take-action/recycling.pdf [2] Ashfaq Hasan, The Art and Science of Brick Making, 1987: p. 107. [3] William P. Spence and Eva Kultermann, Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques. 3rd Ed. p. 113. [4] Mechanical Behavior of Concrete as a Composite Material by C.V.S. Kameshwara Rao, R.N. Swamy, P.S. Mangat, P. No 266. [5] Marek, C. R. Gallaway, B. M. and Long, R. E., "Look at Processed Rubble – It is a Valuable Source for Aggregates", Roads and Streets,Vol. 114, No. 9, Sept. 1971, p 82-85. Tariq Ali, Nouman Iqbal, Muhammad Ali Khan, Dr Mehboob Ali, Dr Khan Shahzada	15-21
4.	Baseline Air Quality Monitoring For Palvoncha Thermal Power Plant Baseline Air Quality Monitoring For Palvoncha Thermal Power Plant Abstract: The paper describes the experience and results from three months of baseline air quality monitoring campaigns in the Palvoncha city, Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. Air quality measuring is still less experienced in South India. In this study the air pollutants majorly concentrated. Air quality measurement of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NOx and SO₂ concentrations has been done in several locations in Palvoncha. Key words: Air pollution, Air quality monitoring. Reference [1] F. Popescu, I. Ionel, C. Ungureanu, Ambient air quality monitoring in Timisoara. Current situation and perspectives, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol 10 (1), 1–13, 2009. [2] M. Apascaritei, F. Popescu, I. Ionel, Air pollution level in urban region of Bucharest and in rural region, SSE'09 Proceedings 11th WSEAS International Conference on Sustainability in Science Engineering, 2009, p. 330. [3] D. Patronas, A. Karida, A. Papadopoulou, A Pisiha, K. Xipolitos, G. Kokkinis, K. Vosnaikos, B. Grammatikis, F. Vosniakos, K. Vasdekis, Air pollution and noise pollution due to traffic in three Greek cities, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Year 2009, Book 2, p. 332. [4] I. HAIDUC, C. ROBA, L. BOBOS, L. FECHETE-RADU. Urban aerosols pollution. Case study – Cluj-Napoca city, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Year 2009, Book 3, p. 611. [5] M. Pavelescu, A. Pavelescu, A. Sandulescu, Nuclear power and the environment, Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 50, Nos. 5–6, P.473–491, 2005. P. Prasad Rao, M. Anji Reddy	22-30
5.	The Impact of Market Orientation on the Performance of Islamic Banks (Case Study: Jordanian Islamic Banks) The Impact of Market Orientation on the Performance of Islamic Banks (Case Study: Jordanian Islamic Banks) Abstract: The aims of study to know the "impact of market orientation on Islamic banks" according to the perspective of the market" for customers, competitors, and jobs, and due to its importance, it focuses on addressing the problems faced by the performance of Islamic banks operating in Jordan. The study showed public and private obstacles facing the Jordanian banking performance according to the perspective of a change in the needs and desires of customers, competition situation, and coordination between the various banking functions. The study population included the employees in the Islamic banks in Jordan amounting to 710 employee, including (3) Islamic banks; the study sample consisted of 71 employees who were randomly selected. In collecting data, the researcher depended on elementary and secondary resources and supported them with related studies. The study concluded that the banking performance faces a gap or lack of the management understanding of the rapid and changing requirements of customers (the gap of banking management) with employees and customers in addition to the fact that competitors in the banking sector have highly competitive and distinctive abilities according to their banking resources and the customers' requirements. The study recommended that the Jordanian Islamic banks must be combining to meet the competitive situation in the banking sector, develop the methods of providing banking services and rehabilitate and prepare the employees in a way that suits the evolution of the needs, desires and preferences of customers. Key words: Market orientation, (customers, competitors, integration), customer satisfaction, employees satisfaction Reference [1] Imam, Wi-Fi Al Said (2007) " the effective market: your way to invade and control markets," Hearty Press , Ministry of Higher Education and Information Technology, Mansur , Egypt , first edition. [2] Malaya, Nagy al (2004) "the scientific assets of banking market ", Amman, Jordan, Dar Weal House for publication, first edition. [3] United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 2011, "the tourism development strategy in Jordan", Amman, Jordan. [4] Al-Qary outi, Mohammad Qasim (2008) the principles of modern market , Amman, Jordan , Dar Weal for publication [5] Al-Ta'e, Al-Ala q, Hammed, Basher (2008), products development and pricing, Amman, Jordan, Al-Yazourihouse for publication. Dr. Mahmud Aqel Abu Dalbooh	31-42
6.	Optimization of Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Surveillance RADAR Optimization of Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Surveillance RADAR Abstract: Digital Signal Processing techniques for ground surveillance RADAR has been thoroughly investigated and optimized for an improved detection of target. Using the established techniques like Pulse compression, Fast Fourier Transform and Windowing, the present work optimizes the selection of pulse coding techniques, window type and different filters.The work proposes techniques to mitigate inherent problems in RADAR Signal Processing like Range Side Lobe and Clutter. This paper covers the complete design of digital signal processing building blocks of Pulse Doppler RADAR namely, Modulation, Demodulation, Match Filtering, Range Side Lobe suppression, Doppler Processing and Clutter Reduction.Rejection of land and volume clutter(rain clutter) has been optimized. Related simulation results have been presented. Key words: Surveillance RADAR, Pulse compression, Range resolution, Peak side lobe level (PSL), Barker Code, FFT, Matched Filter, Clutter, Rain Clutter Reference [1] M.I. Skolnik, "Introduction to RADAR systems," McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1981. [2] Carpentier, H. Michel, "Evolution of Pulse Compression in the RADAR Field," Microwave Conference, vol., no., pp.45-53, 17-20 Sept 1979. [3] N.N.S.S.R.K. Prasad, V. Shameem, U.B. Desai, S.N. Merchant, "Improvement in target detection performance of pulse coded Doppler RADAR based on multicarrier modulation with fast Fourier transform (FFT), " RADAR, Sonar and Navigation, IEE Proceedings - vol.151, no.1, pp.11-17, Feb 2004. [4] Bassem R. Mahafza, "RADAR Signal Analysis and Processing using MATLAB", CRC Press 2009. [5] M. Sanal, R. Kuloor, M.J. Sagayaraj, "Optimized FIR filters for digital pulse compression of biphase codes with low side-lobes, "Aerospace Conference, 2013 IEEE , vol.1, no.9, pp. 2-9 March 2013. Sonia Sethi, RanadeepSaha, JyotiSawant	43-49
7.	Securing The Channels Between Core Nodes In Y-Comm Framework Securing The Channels Between Core Nodes In Y-Comm Framework Abstract: Future Generation Networks are the Networks that had the ability to work with all the available Wireless Technologies and in the same time support the best Qos and experience for the end user. The openness of the future Networks Architecture (Heterogeneous Networks) will have new security threats that need to be addressed due to the network architecture change. In this paper, these security threats in the AKA protocol will be addressed for the Y-comm framework. Moreover, the problem of having insecure channels between Core Nodes that leads to a lot of security threats will be investigated. Finally, a new proposal by including Authentication and Encryption module in the main protocol will be presented. This module was simulated using CASPER and successfully Verified using formal methods of FDR Key words: heterogeneous networks; Y-Comm framework; security; Future Networks; Reference [1] The Evolved Packet Core http://www.3gpp.org/The-Evolved-Packet-Core Accessed (04-11-2013) [2] LTE http://www.3gpp.org/LTE Accessed (04-11-2013) [3] Aiash, Mahdi,. "An integrated approach to QoS and security in future mobile networks using the Y-Comm framework". PHD Thesis Middlesex University's.( March 2012) [4] M. Aiash, G. Mapp, A. Lasebae, J. Loo, R. Phan , "A Survey of Potential Architectures for Communication in Heterogeneous Networks". The IEEE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2012), April 2012. London, UK. [5] ] K Masahiro, Y Mariko, O Ryoji, K Shinsaku, T Tanaka, Secure service and network framework for mobile ethernet. Wirel Personal Commun 29, 161–190 (2004) Hossam Adel Abdel Fattah, Dr. Ahmed Abdel Hafez, Prof. Abdel Hamid A. Gaffar	50-55
8.	Modelling Of Converter Characteristics of Wind Energy Conversion System during Voltage Sags Modelling Of Converter Characteristics of Wind Energy Conversion System during Voltage Sags Abstract: The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm along with standard perturbs and observe method will be used for the system. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from wind energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is coupled with wind turbine for attaining wind energy conversion system. This paper addresses dynamic modeling and control of a grid-connected wind–PV–battery hybrid system with versatile power transfer. The hybrid system, unlike conventional systems, considers the stability and dispatch-ability of its power injection into the grid. The hybrid system can operate in three different modes, which include normal operation without use of battery, dispatch operation, and averaging operation. This paper also indicates the merits of the proposed system. Key words: wind energy conversion system, permanent magnet synchronous generator, voltage sags, maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Reference [1] Joanne Hui*, Alireza Bakhshai, and Praveen K. Jain, "A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System: A New Rectifier Stage Topology ", in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE, pp 156-161, 21-25 Feb. 2010 [2] S.K. Kim, J.H Jeon, C.H. Cho, J.B. Ahn, and S.H. Kwon, "Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation System with Versatile Power Transfer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, pp. 1677-1688, April 2008. [3] N. A. Ahmed, M. Miyatake, and A. K. Al-Othman, "Power fluctuations suppression of stand-alone hybrid generation combining solar photovoltaic/wind turbine and fuel cell systems," in Proc. Of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 49, pp. 2711-2719, October 2008. [4] Y.M. Chen, Y.C. Liu, S.C. Hung, and C.S. Cheng, "Multi-Input Inverter for Grid-Connected Hybrid PV/Wind Power System," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, May 2007. [5] S. Jain, and V. Agarwal, "An Integrated Hybrid Power Supply for Distributed Generation Applications Fed by Nonconventional Energy Sources," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, June 2008. Pratyusha Dikkala, B. Srinivasa Rao	56-60
9.	Microwave-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ficus Elastica Leaf Extract and Application in Air Pollution Controlling Studies Microwave-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ficus Elastica Leaf Extract and Application in Air Pollution Controlling Studies Abstract: Silver Nanoparticles are applied in various fields due to its anti bacterial properties. A conventional method for synthesis of AgNP requires dangerous chemical and large amount of energy is released in the process. Environmental friendly techniques are adopted for the synthesis of nanoparticles of silver. The present research work summarizes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using leaf extract of Ficus Elastica and alternative energy sources micro wave irradiation. The synthesized Nanoparticles are characterized by uv- visible spectroscopy and by SEM. The synthesized nanoparticles are applied for controlling SO₂ and NO₂ from aqueous solution of SO₂ and NO₂. Batch adsorption studies are carried out. The effect of the temperature on adsorption of aqueous solution is studied at different temperature. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of on silver Nanoparticles was evaluated for the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models respectively. Results show that pseudo second order model was found to correlate the experimental data. Data fitted perfectly into and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Key words: Batch adsorption, green synthesis, silver Nanoparticles, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms. Reference [1] C. Krishnaraj, E. G. Jagan, S. Rajasekar, P. Selvakumar P. T. Kalaichelvan, and N. Mohan, "Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens". ELSEVIER International journal Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Vol.76, pp. 50–56, 2010. [2] A. Leela, and V. Munusamy, "Tapping the unexploited plant resources for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles". African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7, no. 17, pp.3162-3165, 2008. [3] J. Y. Song, and S. K. Beom, "Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts". Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol.32, no.1, pp.79-84, 2009. [4] M. Shivashankar, and G. Sisodia, "Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles obtained from plant extracts of Moringa oleifera". International journal of Life sciences Biotechnology and Pharma research Vol. 1, no. 3, pp.65-70, 2012. [5] Y. Y. Loo, B. W. Chieng, M. Nishibuchi, and S. Radu, "Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from Camellia sinensis". Dovepress International Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2-17, 2012. N. Gandhi, D. Sirisha and Vikas Chandra Sharma	61-72
10.	An Empirical Study on Modified ML Estimator and ML Estimator of Weibull Distribution by Using Type II Censored Sample An Empirical Study on Modified ML Estimator and ML Estimator of Weibull Distribution by Using Type II Censored Sample Abstract: In this paper MML estimator and ML estimator of Weibull distribution by using doubly type II censored sample have been derived and compared in term of asymptotic variances and mean square error. The purpose of conducting the empirical study is to see the closeness of MML estimators to ML estimator, and relative efficiency of censored sample to complete sample. Key words: Type II censored sample, Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MMLE), Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) , Asymptotic Variances, Bias, Mean Square Error, Weibull distribution, Order Statistics. Reference [1] Aleem M. and Jamal F. (2009),"Modified Inference about the scale parameter of the Inverse Weibull Distribution by using type ll censored sample Sindh. Univ.Res. Jour . (Sci.Ser) Vol.41(1) 87-94. [2] Aleem M.et al (2009) Modified Inference about the scale parameter of the Weibull Distribution by using type ll censored sample.Proc.5th International Statistical Conference January 23-25. 2009, Vol 17, 203-210. [3] Akhter . S (2006) a study on parameter estimation of exponential distribution for type-ll censored sample M.Phil thesis department of statistics G.C.U Lahore Pakistan [4] John , T.T and Chen, P (2003). Selection of the Best using Censored Data from (log-) location - Scale Populations. Preprint submitted to journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 24 October 2003. [5] Walid Abu-Dayyeh and Esam Al Sawi (1996) modified inference about the location parameter of the logistic distribution using type II censored samples pak. J. Statist. 2006 vol. 22 (2) pp 157-169 Farrukh Jamal, Muhammad Arsalan Nasir	73-80
11.	Fault Detection and Isolation (Fdi) Via Neural Networks Fault Detection and Isolation (Fdi) Via Neural Networks Abstract: Recent approaches to fault detection and isolation for dynamic systems using methods of integrating quantitative and qualitative model information, based upon soft computing (SC) methods are used. In this study, the use of SC methods is considered an important extension to the quantitative model-based approach for residual generation in FDI. When quantitative models are not readily available, a correctly trained neural network (NN) can be used as a non-linear dynamic model of the system. However, the neural network does not easily provide insight into model. This main difficulty can be overcome using qualitative modeling or rule-based inference methods. The paper presents the properties of several methods of combining quantitative and qualitative system information and their practical value for fault diagnosis of Neural network. Keywords: Soft computing methods, fault-diagnosis, FDI Reference [1] Aggarwal R K, Xuan Q Y, Johns A T, Li F R, Bennett A, (1999), A novel approach to fault diagnosis in multi-circuit transmission lines using fuzzy ARTmap neural networks, IEEE transactions on neural networks, Vol.10, No.5,pp.1214-1221. [2] Altug S, Chow MY, Trussell HJ, (1999), Fuzzy inference systems implemented on neural architectures for motor fault detection and diagnosis, IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 1999, Vol.46, No.6, pp.1069-1079. [3] Aminian M, Aminian F, (2000), Neural-network based analog-circuit fault diagnosis using the wavelet transform as pre-processor, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems ii-analog and digital signal processing Vol.47, No.2, pp.151-156. [4] Brown M & Harris C J, (1994a), Neuro-fuzzy adaptive modelling and control, Prentice Hall. Brown M & Harris C J, (1994b), The Modelling Abilities of the Binary CMAC, IEEE Int.Conf. Neural Networks,pp 1335-133 [5] Chen J, Patton R J (1999), Robust Model Based Fault Diagnosis For Dynamic Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers ISBN 0-7923-8411-3. Neeraj Prakash Srivastava, R. K. Srivastava, P. K. Vashishtha	81-86
12.	Economic Stability to Papua New Guinea by Contribution in Reducing Carbon Emissions through Support of DC Economic Stability to Papua New Guinea by Contribution in Reducing Carbon Emissions through Support of DC Abstract: Papua New Guinea is said to be PNG which is one of the most adversely affected small country by the impacts of climate change. Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges facing by them today, its devastation is widespread and intense. This issue has been discussed to evolve a method to support the nation in achieving the goal of emission reduction. The affects include those on Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Tourism which have major contribution towards GDP of the PNG. PNG has a very low economic growth rate according to several economic and social indicators, the performance of the PNG economy since independence has been disappointing. Thus, there is need of taking special attention & responsibilities by giving cooperation by the nations. This is to be done by especially developed ones so as to support the small island nations in adaptation to the impacts of climate change through financial support. Through this act, the Least Developed Countries will achieve economic stability as well as imparting in reduction of carbon emissions. This paper discusses to find a path and sort out the issue. The paper also discusses various negotiating points so as to achieve the said goal mutually and amicably. Key words: PNG, Climate Change, Least Developed Countries and negotiating points Reference [1] Bell, J. D. Vulnerability of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia. 2011. [2] Asik, R. Conference of Parties (COP17). (P. Press, Interviewer) Australian Government Department of Foreign Trade and Affairs. 2013. Papua New Guinea country brief. http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/png/. [3] Worldwide Fund for Nature. WWF in Papua New Guinea. 2013. Available from http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/papua_new_guinea/?referer=wwforg. [4] The World Bank Group in Papua New Guinea. (WBG). Papua New Guinea Economic Briefing, 2013.availablefromhttp ://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/EAP/Papua%20New%20Guinea/PNG-Economic-Brief-2013-1.pdf [5] Pokana, J. An overview of Papua New Guinea's readiness efforts towards the mitigating of its greenhouse gases. 2013. Available from http://www.env.go.jp/en/ earth/apnet/documents/seminar/22nd/07_PNG_Pokana.pdf. Eshan Ahuja, Sidharth Ahuja, Dr. Navin Kumar Kohli	87-92
13.	Filter Feeding Mechanism Simulated Machine Paradigms – A Theoretical Approach Filter Feeding Mechanism Simulated Machine Paradigms – A Theoretical Approach Abstract: Bionics is the emerging branch of bio engineering where in the structures and functions of organism are utilized to construct a gadget that resembles the structure and performs similar function. The functional principles are also used to construct special gadgets to perform functions in the form of simulated robots. Animal models have also been used in creation of many structures/machines, for example the organization and flight mechanism of birds, echolocation in bats, and internal ear of mammals have been taken as blue prints to design aero planes, radars and telegraphic systems respectively. Here we are using ciliary feeding mechanisms in animals to create a machine that can be used for a particular purpose. Cilia are minute finger like protoplasmic extensions serve different functions like movement, creation of water current propelling and filter feeding in animals. In many invertebrates and lower chordates rotor movements of cilia create whirl pool of water current to obtain food material. Animals those use cilia for feeding are referred to ciliary feeders or filter feeders. The filter feeders are highly diverse in their habit but share common requirements. The filter feeders may be sessile or free swimming forms but the principles of feeding remains the same. In lower chordates the pharngometry of pharynx plays a decisive role in filter feeding. The filter feeding mechanism is highly evolved in animals through well designed evolutionary paradigms. Key words: Bionics, Rotary motion, Turbines, whirl pool force Reference [1] Barrington E.J.W, Invertebrate structure and function, Nelson ELBS, London. [2] Ekambaranatha Ayyar.M, A manual of Invertebrate Zoology vol.1 publisher S. Vishwanathan, Madras.1967 [3] Mc Graw Hill, Encyclopedia of science and technology, vol.6 pp-81-90, Mc Graw Hill.Co.London. [4] Veena M.S. Protochordates filters feeding mechanism simulated machine paradigms. A project work dissertation submitted to science forum, Maharani's science college for women, Mysore.2005 [5] Shelley L Armsworthy, Bruce A Mac Donald and J Evan Ward, Feeding activity, absorption efficiency and suspension feeding processes in the ascidian, haocynthyia pyriformics (stolidobranchia ascidiacea) responses to variations in diet quantity and quality, Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, Volume 260, Issue 1, 31 May 2001, Pages 41 – 69. Channaveerappa. H, Ramesh Babu.K, Geethanjali K K	93-96
14.	Survey of Bounding Theory in Arabic Language Survey of Bounding Theory in Arabic Language Abstract: Government and Binding Theory or Principles and Parameters Theory is a universal theory of Chomsky. Linguists of world believe that Chomsky made a revolution in linguistics by this theory. One of the sub-theories of Government and Binding Theory is Bounding Theory which explains the restrictions of grammatical movements. Chomsky claims that his theory is universal and you can perform it in all languages. This essay considers this sub-theory (Bounding Theory) in Arabic language whether is performable in this language. If the answer is positive which grounds movement include off? Some of the movement restrictions of Arabic language are like the other languages, but some of the restrictions and movements are more than what is said in this sub-theory by Chomsky. Key words: bounding theory,  criterion, argument movement, argument movement. Reference [1] Azbadfatri, Behrooz. about Noam Chamsky. Tehran. Farhang Moaaser Press. 1993. [2] Chomsky, Noam. Knowledge of Language. 1986. New York: Praeger. [3] Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin, and Use. Darzi, Ali. Tehran. Nei Press. P1. 2001. [4] Language and Thought. Darzi, Ali. Tehran. Agah Press. 1997. [5] Lectures on Government & Binding. 1981. Dordrecht: Foris. Ensieh Talebi and Hossein Seyyedi	97-100
15.	Wireless Sensor Networks: Opportunities and Challenges Wireless Sensor Networks: Opportunities and Challenges Abstract: The popularity of cell phones, laptops, PDAs and intelligent electronics has made computing devices to become cheaper and more pervasive in daily life. The desire for connectivity among these devices has caused an exponential growth in wireless communication. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide an example of this phenomenon. WSNs belong to the general family of sensor networks that employ distributed sensors to collect information on entities of interest. This paper provides a brief introduction to wireless sensor networks. It addresses the opportunities and challenges of WSNs Key words: Wireless networks, sensors, computing Reference [1] I. F. Akylidiz et al., "A survey on sensor networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Aug. 2002, pp. 102-114. [2] l. Mokdad et al., "Performance evaluation tools for QoS MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 12, 2014, pp. 86-99. [3] R. I. de Silva et al., "Spatial query processing in wireless sensor networks—A survey," Information Fusion, vol. 15, 2014, pp. 32-34. [4] H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, pp. 3-7. [5] H. K. Patil and T. M. Chen, "Wireless Sensor Network Security,' in J. Vacca (ed.), Computer and Information Security Handbook. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2013, 2nd ed.,chapter 15, pp. 349-397. Matthew N. O. Sadiku and Sarhan M. Musa, Omonowo D. Momoh	101-103
16.	Experimental Study of Castor Oil Based Lubricant for Automotive Applications Experimental Study of Castor Oil Based Lubricant for Automotive Applications Abstract: Vegetable oils due to their better natural propertiescan be used as an alternative to reduce the dependency on the conventional lubricants. With the depletion of conventional resources at faster pace, need of hour is to approach the safer alternatives for ensuring the availability of such resources for longer periods with lesser harm to the mankind and sorroundings.This workevaluates the prospects of Castor oil based lubricant for automotive applications in contrast to the available commercial servo gear oil. Experimentation has been performed on four ball tester set up.Material used is carbon steel balls. Refined castor and mahua oils are blended in fixed ratios and subjected to friction and wear tests. Experimentation reveals that castor mahua oil blend possess immense potential in contrast to servo gear oil due to good wear reducing traits apart from environmental benefits. Key words: Castor Oil, Mahua Oil, Servo Gear Oil, Blending, Viscosity, Four Ball Tester Reference [1] Julian, H., "The Nation, the State, and theFirst Industrial Revolution", Journal of BritishStudies, Vol.50 (20), April 2011, pp 307-331. [2] Theo, Mang ,W. Dresel, " Lubricants andLubrication" 2nd Ed. 4,2007 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimISBN: 978-3-527-31497-3. [3] http://www.palco.co.in/historyof_lubricants.html. [4] IoanS.,"On the Future of BiodegradableVegetable Lubricants Used for Industrial TriboSystems",Gal I Fascicie2002;VIII:pp 1221-4590. [5] WilfriedJ.Bartz, "Ecotribology: EnvironmentallyAcceptable Tribological Practices", TribologyInternational, Vol. 39, 2006, pp728–733. Amit Suhane, R.M.Sarviya, A.Rehman, H.K.Khaira	104-107
17.	GPS Based Autonomous Flight Control System for an Unmanned Airship GPS Based Autonomous Flight Control System for an Unmanned Airship Abstract: An unmanned airship, also known as a Unmanned aircraft System (UAS) or a remotely piloted aircraft is a machine which functions either by the remote control of a navigator or pilot. The unmanned airship uses the autonomous flight, navigation and guidance based on the telemetry command of ground station. The Autonomous Flight Control System (AFCS) [1] plays a key role in achieving the given requirements and missions. This paper introduces the overall design architecture of the hardware and software of the flight control systems in a 50m long unmanned airship Key words: AFCS, COS,DLG, HILS,PMC Reference [1] E.H.J. Pallett, T. Eng.(CEI), A.M.R. Ae. S., F.S.L.A.E.T," Automatic Flight Control ", Granada, London Toronto, Sydney, NewYork. [2] Kim, D.M.et., "Development of an Unmanned Airship System", Proceeding of 4th International Airship Convention And Exibition, July 2002. [3] Yeom, C.H. et al., "System Integration Standard for KARI 50m Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002. [4] Ahn, I.G. et al., "Development Standard of Flight Control System for KARI 50m Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002. [5] Ryu, H. et al., "Design of FCC Software for KARI Unmanned Airship", KARI Technical Report, May 2002. Vishnu G Nair, Dileep M V, Prahalad K R	108-111
18	An Investigation For Control Aspect Towards Modeled Dexterous Hand System An Investigation For Control Aspect Towards Modeled Dexterous Hand System Abstract: The research domain of prosthetic technology has always remained a dialectic zone of creativity, yoking together technology and biomedical necessity. Any part of the human body replication procedure commences the prosthetic control science. Dexterity, adroitness in using the hands or body, is the prime or essential aspect in modeling dexterous hand. Simulation procedure implies to build up stability of the reference transfer function of Dexterous Hand. The present work deals with the discussion of stability criteria and simulation in discrete domain of Dexterous Hand. Key words: Dexterous Hand, Control Strategy, Stability Analysis, Simulation and Numerical Approach. Reference [1] J. Tsinias," Sufficient Lyapunov-like conditions for stabilization", Math. Contr. Signals Syst., Volume 2, Number 4, 343-357,1989. [2] B. Neogi, A.Roy, S. Mukherjee, S. Ghosal, S. Ghosh, A. Chatterjee, S.Dutta, A. Das & D. N. Tibarewala, "Simulator Generation of Jury's Stability Test In z Domain", International Journal of Engineering Research and Industrial Application. [ISSN:0974-1518] Vol. 3, No. IV, pp. 411-421, 2010. [3] The Times of India, Kolkata (pp.13) Wednesday, September 20, 2006. [4] Dudley S. Childress Historical Aspects of Powered Limb Prostheses by Dudley S. Childress, Ph.D. Clinical Prosthetics & Orthotics No.1, pp. 2 – 13. [5] Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, "Modern Control Systems" (8th Edition), Addison Wesley Longman 1998, pp 753-759 Rahul Roy, Anuradha Verma, Asutosh Kumar, Rajdeep Chatterjee	112-115
19.	Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Steepest Descent Method – A Novel Approach Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Steepest Descent Method – A Novel Approach Abstract: Trajectory optimization of a generic launch vehicle is considered in this paper. The direct application of a nonlinear programming method is used in recent literature, which transforms the original problem into a nonlinear optimization problem.To study the rocket motion under the influence of gravitational field, 2-D simulator is developed. The rocket motion is analyzed for a gravity turn trajectory. The objective is to ensure desired terminal conditions as well as minimum control effort in the low dynamic pressure region. Design of optimal trajectory for a single stage rocket is a two point boundary problem. Trajectory is designed for a single stage liquid rocket.Trajectory is computed for a given initial and final condition using equations of motion of rocket in 2-D plane. Hamiltonian is formulated for the given constraints. The non-linear equations are solved using steepest descent method.It is assumed that the launch vehicle is not experiencing any perturbations. Results are compared for Runge-kutta and Euler‟s integration methods,which clearly brings out the potential advantages of the proposed approach Key words: Trajectory optimization, Steepest descent method, Euler‟s method, Runge-Kutta method Reference [1] Bruce A. Conway"A Survey of Methods Available for the Numerical Optimization of Continuous Dynamic Systems" J Optim Theory Appl (2012) 152:271–306 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 [2] Schwartz, A. L., "Theory and Implementation of Numerical MethodsBased on Runge–Kutta Integration for Solving Optimal ControlProblems," Ph.D. Thesis, Electrical Engineering and ComputerScience, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1996. [3] C. V. Sirisha and M. Manickavasagam, "A Specific Energy Based Guidance Algorithm for the Hypersonic Launch Vehicle", International Conference on Avionics Systems–2008Conference, RCI, Hyderabad. [4] Lukkana Varaprasad and Radhakant Padhi "Ascent Phase Trajectory Optimization Of A Generic Launch Vehicle" XXXII NATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, IIT-Roorkee. NSC 2008 [5] Nobuhiro YOKOYAMA, Shinji SUZUKI "Flight Trajectory Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm Combined with Gradient Method" e-journal: Information Technology for Economics &Management (ITEM) Volume 1, No 1, 2001 Paper 10 Dileep M V, Vishnu G Nair, Prahalad K R,Surekha Kamath	116-121
20.	A Study On Recent Trends In High Subsonic Flow Over Delta Wings A Study On Recent Trends In High Subsonic Flow Over Delta Wings Abstract: An understanding of the vortical structures and vortex breakdown is essential for the development of highly maneuverable and high angle of attack flight. This is primarily due to the physical limits these phenomena impose on aircraft and missiles at extreme flight conditions. In today's competitive world, demands for more maneuverable and stealthy air vehicles have encouraged the development of new control concepts for separated flows and vortex flow.An overview is given about investigations on a 65◦ delta wing using the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques, carried out in the framework of Vortex flow experiment. For the delta wing with rounded leading edges and subsonic flow, the occurrence of a flat vortical structure as well as the onset of the primary vortex and the development of a vortex system consisting of an inner and outer vortex is described in dependency of the angle of attack and the Reynolds number. The Q -criterion is applied to the measured velocity data to estimate the circulation strength of individual vortices allowing for a quantitative description of the vortex developments and interactions. Furthermore, a case at transonic flow speeds (M = 0.8) is described, showing a sudden occurrence of vortex breakdown above the delta wing, most probably induced by a shock wave.Vortex Flow Experiment provided a variety of experimental data for a 65◦ swept delta wing sharp and blunt leading edges. Flow details including forces and moments, surface pressures,Pressure Sensitive Paint measurements, and off-surface flow variables from Particle Image Velocimetry were made available for comparisons with computational simulations. This paper concentrates on some typical problems of delta wings with rounded leading edges at subsonic speed: the prediction of the main leading edge separation, the generation of the second inner vortex, the effect of transition, and Reynolds number effects. Key words: Subsonic flow ,delta wing, Vortex flow Reference [1] Robert Konrath, Christian Klein, Andreas Schroder, "PSP and PIV investigations on the VFE-2 configuration in sub- and transonic flow". 2012. [2] Willy Fritz. "Numerical simulation of the peculiar subsonic flow-field about the VFE-2 delta wing with rounded leading edge". 2012. Hand books [1] John D Anderson Jr., "Fundamentals of Aerodynamics", TMH. Web [1] http://prezi.com/j_39bpgrlfmp/subsonic-flow-over-a-delta-wing/ Vishnu G Nair, Dileep M V, Prahlad K R	122-127
21.	Supply Chain Management of Satellite Mechanisms- Product Development and Monitoring Supply Chain Management of Satellite Mechanisms- Product Development and Monitoring Abstract: The project report primary deals with the Testing, Analysis, Modeling of the components of the Solar Array deployment Mechanism and a preliminary design. It also discusses the Monitoring of the supply chain management system for the procurement of the components from vendors. The deployment of solar array or any other appendage is a mission critical activity of any satellite. It is necessary to study about the deployment mechanism because once the array latches up, the satellite can have disturbance resulting in attitude change. To begin, a detail study of the drawings of all the components, assemblies and sub-assemblies incorporated in the deployment mechanism was done. A literary review was carried out to investigate the research done previously and the research currently being done in the field of deployment mechanisms. This was followed by the designing of the components of SADM in Unigraphics. The components were assembled with their respective sub-assemblies. The next step was to perform the testing of components on various testing machines & thereafter analyzing the results. A conceptual design was prepared for the Solar Array Deployment Mechanism. A proper approach was used for the supply chain management of the procurement of raw materials.The torsion spring parameters were calculated, which importantly included the pre rotation angle, spring angular and the time required by the wings to deploy. The hinges were tested on the auto hinge characterization setup and the torque value required to deploy the wings was compared with the required value. The testing of micro switches was performed and the values of loads at actuation point, deactuation point, over travel and the gap between actuation and deactuation was compared with the actual values required. Torsion springs were tested and it was seen whether the stiffness values of the torsion springs are in limit to the defined value or not.Several components of Solar Array Deployment Mechanism were modeled in 3D. A simulating model of the preliminary design was made using Solid Works in which the deployment of the wings was shown by making use of the servo motor. The values of the torque required for hinges, loads at actuation point, deactuation point, over travel and the gap between actuation and deactuation and stiffness values of the springs were approximately accurate. Some errors had occurred due to the improper setup of the components on the fixtures.Unigraphics was used for the modeling of the components of Solar array Deployment Mechanism. The preliminary design was modeled and simulated in Solid Works. Key words: Satrellite, supply chain, unigraphics Reference [1] B. Lakshmi Narayana, B.P. Nagaraj and B.S Nataraju, "Deployment Dynamics of Solar Array with Body Rates", International ADAMS User Conference, 2000, page numbers [2] Marino Fragnito and Sergio Vetrella, "A Space Release/Deployment System Actuated By Shape Memory Wires", Acta Astronautica, Vol 51, 2002, page numbers [3] Hamza Baig, "Integrated Design of Solar Panels Deployment Mechanisms For a Three Unit Cubesat", Arab Satellite Communication Organization, 2012, page numbers [4] Ju Won Jeong et al, "Development of a Tape Spring Hinge with a SMA Latch for a Satellite Solar Array Deployment Using the Independence Axiom", 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, 2012 [5] M. Mirshams et al, "Design of Deployment Mechanism of Solar Array of a Sample Sateliite and investigation of Deployment on control Attitude of Satellite", Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi Univerity, Iran Sreejith, Vishnu G Nair, Akhil Vishnu	128-133
22.	Robust Feature Based Automatic Text-Independent Gender Identification System Using Gmm Robust Feature Based Automatic Text-Independent Gender Identification System Using Gmm Abstract: In this paper, robust feature for Automatic text-independent Gender Identification System has been explored. Through different experimental studies, it is demonstrated that the timing varying speech related information can be effectively captured using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). The study on the effect of feature vector size for good Gender Identification demonstrates that, feature vector size in the range of 18-22 can capture Gender related information effectively for a speech signal sampled at 16 kHz, it is established that the proposed Gender Identification system requires significantly less amount of data during both during training as well as in testing. The Gender Identification study using robust features for different mixtures components, training and test duration has been exploited. I demonstrate the Gender Identification studies on TIMIT database. Key words: Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Gender, LPC, MFCC. Reference [1] Alex Acero and Xuedong Huang, "Speaker and Gender Normalization for Continuous-Density Hidden Markov Models", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal , IEEE, May 1996. [2] C. Neti and Salim Roukos., "Phone-specific gender-dependent models for continuous speech recognition", Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU97), Santa Barbara, CA, 1997. [3] R. Vergin, A. Farhat and D.O‟Shaughnessy, "Robust gender-dependent acoustic-phonetic modeling in continuous speech recognition based on a new automatic male/female classification", Proc. Of IEEE Int. Conf. on Spoken Language (ICSLP), pp. 1081, Oct. 1996. [4] A. Nagesh, V. Kamakshi Prasad, " New Feature Vectors for Automatic Text-Independet Language Identification" IJCSC, Vol. 2, Issue 2 pp553-558, 2011. [5] S. Slomka and S. Sridharan, "Automatic gender identification optimized for language independence", Proc. Of IEEE TENCON‟97, pp. 145-148,Dec. 1997. R Rajeswara Rao	134-138
23.	Reduction of Image Blurring With Digital Filters Reduction of Image Blurring With Digital Filters Abstract: In digital photography image blurring is one of the general artifacts. Digital filters and algorithm is well-known for deblurring the image. This paper proposed different filters and algorithm like inverse filter, wiener filter and an improved Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm. Before deconvolution step, we separate the blurred image into smooth part. By introducing different noises and image corrupting parameters scale and length the blurred image are then used for image deblurring. The filter comparison provides the different parameter which decided the image quality and best result. Key words: Inverse Filter, Wiener Filter, Lucy-Richardson Algorithm Reference [1] S. Morigi, L. Reichel, F. Sgallari, and F. Zama, An iterative method for linear discrete ill-posed problems with box constraints, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 198 (2007), pp. 505–520. [2] "Adaptive filter design for image deblurring by using multi-criteria blurred image information" Ziya Telatar ,Journal Digital Signal Processing Volume 15 Issue 1, January, 2005 Pages 4- 18 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=17014 32 Books: [3] Gonzalez, Rafeal C. and Woods, Richard E. Digital image processing, 2nd edition Prentice Hall, Beijing China 2002 Theses: [4] M. Biswas,"Content adaptive video processing algorithms for digital TV," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. California, San Diego, 2005. Proceedings Papers: [5] Shay Har-Noy, Truong Q. Nguyen LCD Motion Blur Reduction: A Signal Processing Approach, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 17, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2008 Annu Gupta, Sanjivani Shantaiya	139-143
24.	Preparation and Characterization of (PEO+NaClO3) Based Polymer Electrolyte System and Its Application as an Electrochemical Cell Preparation and Characterization of (PEO+NaClO3) Based Polymer Electrolyte System and Its Application as an Electrochemical Cell Abstract: Ion conducting polymer electrolyte films of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with NaClO3 salt have been prepared in the weight ratios (90:10), (80:20) and (70:30) by solution-casting technique using methanol and water as solvents. The complexation of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and NaClO3 have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using these polymer electrolyte films, solid-state electrochemical cells are fabricated and their discharge characteristics are examined for a constant load of 100 k. Several cell parameters associated with the cells evaluated and reported. Key words: Polymer, poly (ethylene oxide), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemical cells. Reference [1] J.R. Mac Callum, C.A. Vincent (Eds.), In: Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987. [2] M.B. Armand, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 16(1986) 245. [3] M.A. Ratner, D.F. Shriver, Chem. Rev. 88 (1988) 109. [4] J.R. Owen, in: A.L. Lasker, S. Chandra (Eds.), Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes Ð Recent Trends, Academic Press, New York, 1989, p. 111. [5] D.F. Shriver, B.L. Papke, M.A. Ratner, R. Doppon, T. Wong, M. Brodwin, Solid State Ionics 5 (1981) 83. T. Sreekanth	144-147
25.	Pid Plus Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Electronic Load Controller For Self Exited Induction Generator Pid Plus Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Electronic Load Controller For Self Exited Induction Generator Abstract: This paper deals with the electronic load controller for self exited induction generator using PID plus fuzzy logic controller. The self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are considered to be well suited for generating electricity by means of conventional energy sources and for supplying electrical energy in remote and rural areas. Induction generators have many advantages such as cost, reduced maintenance, rugged, and simple construction, brushless rotor (squirrel cage). A three phase induction generator can be operated on a delta connection for supplying single phase loads. The main disadvantage of SEIG has is that it poor voltage regulation, and its value depends on the prime mover speed, capacitance, load current and power factor of the load. The electronic load controller (ELC) can be used for maintaining constant voltage and frequency of SEIG with variable consumer load driven by constant prime mover. This paper presents the simulation design and implementation of ELC using fuzzy logic method for an SEIG feeding single-phase load. The ELC consist of a rectifier, IGBT as a chopper switch, PI controller, voltage sensor, and resistive dump load in which power consumption was varied through the duty cycle of the chopper. However an ELC consist of electronics system, in general, has complex nonlinear model with parameter variation problem, and the control need to be very fast. The fuzzy logic based controller gives nonlinear control with fast response and virtually no overshoot. The simulation of ELC for self exited induction generator is carried out on MATLAB/SIMULINK. By this proposed ELC using FLC for SEIG we can maintain the constant voltage and frequency of SEIG with variable consumer load. Key words: Electronic load controller (ELC), Self excited induction generator (SEIG), Fuzzy logic controller and PID. Reference [1] R. C. Bansal, "Three-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators: An Overview," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 292-299 June 2005. [2] Chandra, T.S., Bishnu, P.M., Voltage Regulators for Self Excited Induction Generator, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp 460÷463,April 2004. [3] Juan M. Ramirez and Emmanuel Torres M., "An electronic load controller for self excited induction generators" in IEEE PES General Meeting, June 24-28, 2007. [4] Sarsing Gao, S. S. Murthy, G. Bhubaneswar, and M. Sree Lalitha Gayathri, "Design of a Microcontroller Based Electronic Load Controller for a Self Excited Induction Generator Supplying Single - Phase Loads," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 10, No.4, pp.444- 449, 2010. [5] Bhim Singh, S.S. Murthy & Sushma Gupta ,"An Electronic Voltage and Frequency Controller for Single-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generators for Pico Hydro Applications", IEEE PEDS, pp 240-245,2005. S.Swathi, V. Vijaya Kumar Nayak, Sowjanya Rani ,Yellaiah.Ponnam	148-153
26.	Detection of an Alpha Rhythm of EEG Signal Based On EEGLAB Detection of an Alpha Rhythm of EEG Signal Based On EEGLAB Abstract: The EEG (Electroencephalogram) is the electrical activity of brain that can be detected and measured by putting electrodes according to international 10-20 system on the scalp. There are four major frequency rhythms in EEG. Alpha is one of the frequency bands. This rhythm is very important because of its application in seizure suppression and for treatment of depression in biofeedback method. Hence detection of alpha band's place and patient state has importance. However EEG waves contain useful information of brain, but we cannot see these information by observing in time domain directly. Hence we have to analyze these waveforms by signal processing techniques. In this paper, EEGLAB is used for processing and taking power spectrum density (PSD), which explains how the power of a signal is distributed with frequency. PSD of different subjects with open and closed eyes is shown in this paper. EEG data are downloaded from free database physionet in MIT/BIH database. It is observed that alpha rhythm in back of head and with closed eyes has dominant power in periodgram. Key words: Alpha rhythm, Artifact, dominant power, EEG,EEGLAB, PSD Reference [1] Steven Dowshen, MD. September (2010) http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/sick/eeg.html. [2] D Puthankattil Subha, Paul K Joseph, Rajendra Acharya U, Choo Min Lim, EEG signal analysis: a survey. Journal of Medical Systems, 34:195–212 (2010). [3] Palva, S. and Palva, J.M., New vistas for a-frequency band oscillations, Trends Neurosci. (2007), doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.02.001. [4] Ulrich Kraft. Train Your Brain-Mental exercises with neurofeedback may ease symptoms of attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy and depression--and even boost cognition in healthy brains. Scientific American. (2006). [5] Arnaud Delorme, Hilit Serby, and Scott Makeig, The EEGLAB Tutorial, http://sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/eeglabtut.html Samaneh Valipour, A.D. Shaligram, G.R.Kulkarni	154-159
27.	A Brief Survey on the Advancement of Smart Grid A Brief Survey on the Advancement of Smart Grid Abstract: The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way communication of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, a review work on different aspects on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid is being presented. Infrastructure of Smart Grid can be broadly classified into three terms namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also presented a review work in which implementation strategy of Smart Grid in different countries was briefly highlighted. In this paper then some advantages and hindrance of Smart Grid was also explained. Specifically, we focused for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem. For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid. Key words: Smart Grid, bidirectional energy flow, Peak curtailment, demand side management, Sustainability Reference [1] AF- Mercados EMI & Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation: Integrating Variable Renewal Energy with the Grid : Lessons From the southern Region ,Nov 2012. [2] Kelvin Tan, Valerie Choy, Zhang Ming Hui: Key Technical issues for Renewable Energy Grid Integration and Development in Asia ,2012. [3] M. C. Kintner-Meyer, D. P. Chassin, R. G. Pratt, J. G. DeSteese, L. A. Schienbein, S. G. Hauser, W. M. Warwick (2003-11). GridWise: The Benefits of a Transformed Energy System (PDF). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [4] Michael T. Burr, "Reliability demands drive automation investments," Public Utilities Fortnightly, Technology Corridor department, Nov. 1, 2003. Chandra Mukherjee, Pratibha Bharti, Mrs A.N.Mahajan	160-164
28.	Connectedness in Ideal Bitopological Topological Spaces Connectedness in Ideal Bitopological Topological Spaces Abstract: In this paper we study the notion of connectedness in ideal bitopological spaces. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 54A10, 54A05, 54A20 Key words: ideal bitopological spaces, pairwise -connected sets, pairwise -separated sets, pairwise s-connected sets, pairwise -connected ideal bitopological spaces Reference [1] Arenas, F. G., Dontchev, J, Puertas, M. L., Idealization of some weak separation axioms. Acta Math. Hungar. 89 (1-2) (2000), 47-53. [2] Dontchev, J., Ganster, M., Rose, D., Ideal resolvability. Topology and its Appl. 93 (1999), 1-16. [3] Ekici, E., Noiri, T., Connectedness in ideal topological spaces. Novi Sad J. Math.Vol. 38, No. 2, 2008, 65-70 [4] Hatir, E., Keskin, A., Noiri, T., A note on strong β-I-sets and strongly β-I- continuous functions. Acta Math. Hungar. 108 (1-2) (2005), 87-94. [5] Jafari, S., and Rajesh, N., On qI open sets in ideal bitopological spaces, University of Bacau, Faculty of Sciences, Scientific Studies and Research, Series Mathematics and Informatics., Vol. 20, No.2 (2010), 29-38 Mandira Kar, S. S. Thakur	165-167
29.	Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Application Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Application Abstract: In this rapid changing world in wireless communication, dual or multiband antenna has been playing a key role for wireless service requirements. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) have been widely applied in mobile devices such as handheld computers and smart phones. These two techniques have been widely considered as a cost-effective, flexible, reliable and highspeed data connectivity solution, enabling user mobility. This paper presents a literature survey of dual band rectangular patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX application with variety of substrate, feed techniques and slots. In this paper we also discuss the basics of microstrip antenna, various feeding techniques, design model and antenna parameters with their advantage and disadvantages. Key words: Microstrip antenna, feed techniques, Dielectric, Patch width, Patch Length. Reference [1] R. Jothi Chitra,V. Nagarajan ,2013. "Double L-slot microstrip patch antenna array for WiMAX and WLAN applications", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 39, pp 1026-1041 [2] Bharath Kelothu, K.R. Subhashini, IEEE Transactions 2012."A compact high-gain microstrip patch antenna for dual band WLAN application". [3] Xu-bao Sun ,Mao-Young Cao, 2012. "A rectangular slot with Transactions improved bandwidth", Elsevier Science Direct, Vol. 66, pp 465-466. [4] M A Matin, M.P Saha, H. M. Hasan, 2010 " Design of broadband patch antenna for WiMAX and WLAN", IEEE. [5] Chien- Yuan Pan, Tzyy-sheng horng, 2007. "Dual wideband printed monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX application", IEEE. Neha Parmar, Manish Saxena, Krishnkant Nayak	168-171
30.	Half Swing Clocking Scheme at 45nm Half Swing Clocking Scheme at 45nm Abstract: Achievement of high processor speed with low power consumption is an elemental factor in processor technology, especially for hand-held devices. The need for low power has caused a major paradigm shift where power dissipation has become a important consideration as performance and area. In CMOS circuits, dynamic power consumption is proportional to the transition frequency, capacitance, and square of supply voltage. Consequentially, lowering supply voltage delivers significant power savings compromising the speed of processor. Large portion of the total power is consumed in the clocking circuitry in embedded processor technology. So clock power can be reduced using half swing of clock scheme which will cut down the power dissipation and minimum speed degradation. In Digital circuits by using double-edge triggered flip flops (DETFFs), the clock frequency can be significantly reduced ideally, in half while preserving the rate of data processing. Using lower clock frequency may translate into considerable power savings for the clocked portions of a circuit, including the clock distribution network and flip-flops. The designing is based on 45nm process technology. Key words: Clock power, CMOS, DETFF Reference [1] David Levacq, M.Yazid, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, M. takamaya" Half VDD clock swing flip flop with reduced contention for upto 60% power saving in clock distribution"IEEE Trans.,2007. [2] Farhad HajAli Asgari and Manoj Sachdev" A Low-Power Reduced Swing Global Clocking Methodology" IEEE TRANS. Vol. 12, no. 5, May 2004. [3] Jae-Il Kim and Bai-Sun Kong "Dual Edge-Triggered NAND-Keeper Flip-Flop for High-Performance VLSI" Hankuk Aviation University, 200-1 Hwajun-dong Deokyang-gu, Goyang, Kyunggi-do, 412-791, Korea,May 2003. [4] Jatuchai Pangjun and Sachin S. Sapatnekar," low power clock distribution using multiple voltages and reduced swings" in University of Minnesota ,June2002. [5] Loew, M.; Pfleiderer, H.-J.; Bruels, N. "Power Saving in CMOS using Half swing clocking scheme", Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2001.ESSCIRC 2001. Sakshi Verma, Mukesh Maheshwari	172-176
31.	Implementation of High Performance Fir Filter Using Low Power Multiplier and Adder Implementation of High Performance Fir Filter Using Low Power Multiplier and Adder Abstract: The ever increasing growth in laptop and portable systems in cellular networks has intensified the research efforts in low power microelectronics. Now a day, there are many portable applications requiring low power and high throughput than ever before. Thus, low power system design has become a significant performance goal. So this paper is face with more constraints: high speed, high throughput, and at the same time, consumes as minimal power as possible. The Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter is the important component for designing an efficient digital signal processing system. So, in this paper author trying, a FIR filter is constructing, which is efficient not only in terms of power and speed but also in terms of delay. When consider the elementary structure of an FIR filter, it is found that it is a combination of multipliers and delays, which in turn are the combination of adders. . This paper presents an efficient implementation and analysis for performance evaluation of multiplier and adder to minimize the consumption of energy during multiplication and addition methodology to improve the performance by compares different type of Multipliers and adder, respectively. By using, power comparison result of adders and multiplier, choice low power adder and multiplier to implementation of high performance FIR filter. Key words: DSP, FPGA, Multiplier, VHDL Reference [1] Ankit Jairath, Sunil Kumar Shah, Amit Jain – "Design & implementation of FPGA based digital filters", Journal of IJARCET, ISSN: 2278-1323, Vol. 1, Issue 7, Sept. 2012. [2] T Ramesh Reddy, Dr. K. Soundara Rajan – "Low Power and Low Area Digital FIR filter using Different Multipliers and Adders", International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, Vol.1, Issue 3, May-2012. [3] Shraddha S. Borkar and Awani S. Khobragade – "Optimization of FIR Digital Filter using Low Power MAC", IJCSET, ISSN: 2231-0711, Vol.2, Issue 4, 1150-1154, April-2012. [4] Prof. Gopal S. Gawande, Dr. K. B. Khanchandani, T.P. Marode – "Approaches to Design and Implement High Speed Low Power Digital Filter: Review", International Journal of Computing and Corporate Research (IJCCR), ISSN: 2249-054X, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 1 January 2012. [5] G.J.V.S.N. Lakshmi Devi and M. Ramesh Kumar – "Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient, Reconfigurable Fir filter using Modified Booth and C.S.A.", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JEEE), ISSN: 2250-2424, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Sept 2012 11-18. Sweety Kashyap, Mukesh Maheshwari	177-181
32.	A Mathematical Model Using Gamma Process to Find Pulsatile LH Secretion in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome A Mathematical Model Using Gamma Process to Find Pulsatile LH Secretion in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome Abstract: The uncertain arrival of shocks can be modeled as a Poisson process. When degradation takes place in very small increments almost continuously over time, a simpler and effective stochastic model of degradation can be derived as a limiting form of the compound poison process. The limiting form is obtained when the rate of damage occurrence approaches infinity in any finite time interval as the size of the increment tends to zero. Such a stochastic process is referred to as a gamma process because the cumulative damage up to time t follows the gamma distribution. The gamma process is suitable to model gradual damage monotonically accumulating over time in a sequence of tiny increments, such as wear, fatigue, degrading health index etc., In the application part the premenstrual syndrome has been proposed to result from excessive exposure to and or withdrawal of brain opioid activity during the luteal phase. The changes in the luteal LH pulse frequency failed to provide evidence that GnRH secretion is impaired, thus challenging the view that the neuroregulation of the menstrual cycle in women with PMS is markedly altered. The mathematical model has been proposed that for women suffering from severe, long term premenstrual symptoms, the symptom free interval associated with the follicular phase is compromised by the feelings of guilt and depression for neglect of families and professional responsibilities. Key words: Compound Poisson Process, EF, FSH, GnRH, ML, LH, LL. 2010 AMS Classification: 62H_XX, 60 E_XX Reference [1] Abdel – Hameed M.A gamma wear process. IEEE Trans Reliab 1975; 24(2): 152 – 3. [2] Backstorm CT, McNeilly AS, Leask RM, Baird DT (1982) Pulsatile secretion of LH FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone during the human menstrual cycle. Clin Endocrinol 17: 29 – 42 [3] Choung CJ, Coulam CB, Bergstrahl EJ, O'Fallon WM, Steinmetz GI (1988) Clinical trial of naltrexone inpremenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 72: 332 – 336. [4] De Kloet, E.R., Hormones and the stressed brain. Ann.N.Y Acad. Sci. 2004; 1018: 1-15. [5] Endicot, J., Andreasen, N., Spitzer, R.L., Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria. Biometric Research New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 1975. Dr. S. Lakshmi and G. Shankari	182-186
33.	Design and Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade by Potential Flow Approach Design and Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade by Potential Flow Approach Abstract: The design features of the turbine segment of the gas turbine have been taken from the "preliminary design of a power turbine for maximization of an existing turbojet engine". It was observed that in the above design, after the rotor blades being designed they were analyzed only for the mechanical stresses. As the temperature has a significant effect on the overall stress in the rotor blades, a detailed study is carried out on the temperature effects to have a clear understanding of the combined mechanical and the thermal stresses. The first stage rotor blade of the gas turbine is analyzed for the mechanical axial and centrifugal forces. Knowing the fluid conditions at exit of the gas turbines, a value of static pressure was assumed at the turbine outlet. From this the corresponding enthalpy drop required in the power turbine is calculated. The peripheral speed of rotor and flows velocities is kept in the reasonable range so to minimize losses. In which the base profiles available and is analyzed later for flow conditions through any of the theoretical flow analysis methods such as "Potential flow Approach". Key words: Gas turbine blade, Mechanical and the thermal stresses, mechanical axial and centrifugal forces, Potential flow Approach, Static pressure, enthalpy drop Reference [1]. Steam & Gas turbines and Power Plant Engineering, VII ed., 2004, Central Publishing House Allahabad. [2]. Fundamental of Internal combustion Engine by Gill, Smith, Ziurys [3]. I.C. Engine by Rogowsky [4]. I.C. Engine Analysis and Practice by E.F. Obert [5]. Gas Turbine Theory by Cohen and Rogers V. Vijaya Kumar, R. Lalitha Narayana, Ch. Srinivas	187-192
34.	Experimental Investigation of Bio-Diesel Obtained From Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends with Diesel on Single Cylinder Engine Experimental Investigation of Bio-Diesel Obtained From Waste Cooking Oil and Its Blends with Diesel on Single Cylinder Engine Abstract: In this experiment a comprehensive experimental investigation of bio-diesel oil on single cylinder engine running with biodiesel obtained from Waste cooking oil and its blends with diesel was carried out for its performance and emission analysis. The results which obtained are significantly comparable to pure diesel. It shows that biodiesel obtained from cooking oil can be used as alternative fuel with better performance and lower emissions compared with diesel and play a very vital role for the overall economic development of the country. Key words: Waste Cooking oil, Transesterification, Engine performance, Exhaust emission Reference [1] Meher LC., Naik SN., and Das LM., "Methanolysis of pongamia pinnata (Karanja) oil for production of biodiesel." Journal of Scientific and Industrial research Volume 63, November 2004 pp 913-918. [2] Meher LC., Naik SN., "Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongami pinnata oil for production of biodiesel." Bioresource Technology 97 (2006) pp. 1392-1397. [3] Tomasevic AV., Siler-Marinkovic SS." Methanolysis of used frying oil." Fuel processing Technology 81 (2003) pp. 1-6. [4] Math MC. and Irfan G. "Optimization of restaurant waste oil methyl ester yield." Journal of Scientific and Industrial research Volume 66, November 2007 pp. 772-776. [5] Stavarache C, Vinatoru M, Maeda Y. "Aspects of ultrasonically assisted transesterification of various vegetable oils with methanol.", Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14(3) March(2007) pp.380-386. R. B. Sharma, Dr. Amit Pal, Juhi Sharaf	193-200
35.	The Dynamic Response Analysis of Auto Body Sheets to Node Loads The Dynamic Response Analysis of Auto Body Sheets to Node Loads Abstract: The 3D vehicle body model was built using UG NX6.0, then it was imported into the Workbench of Finite Elment Analyis Software ANSYS V12.1. In the Workbench, the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of auto body sheets with 4 kinds of node load environment are implemented. Meanwhile the harmonic response analysis of engine's single sine vibration is obtained in stimulation processing based on the modal calculation. Then the rule of influence on the auto body sheets to node load environment was explored further. Node load environment increased the resonance amplitude of harmonic response analysis. What's more, the resonance amplitude increased as the increasing of node loads, which would increase the probability of vehicle structure failure. Key words: ANSYS-Workbench,vibration modal,dynamic response,harmonic response analysis,node load Reference [1] Lin, N. I., Z. H. O. N. G. Hui, and D. U. A. N. Chao. "Research on RFID Application Mode in Automotive Manufacturing Production Line." Computer Engineering 4 (2012): 074. [2] Wang, Gang, and Feng Sun. "FEA and optimize design of a new type structure of FOG." Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE), 2010 2nd International Conference on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2010. [3] Kong, Xiang Wei, et al. "Finite Element Analysis of Sieve Box Structure in Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 118 (2010): 497-501. [4] Gao, Dong Qiang, et al. "Research on the Application of Periodic Truss-Core Structures to Structural Design of Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 194 (2011): 1977-1981. [5] Wanqiong, Guan Fei Wang Lie Li, and Feng Benyi Li Baocheng. "A SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF A WHOLE VEHICLE AND DYNAMIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF A VEHICLE FRAME." Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics 2 (1985): 006.(in Chinese) Luo Yun, Feng Guoying, Du Yongzhao, Zhou Shouhuan	201-205
36.	Effect of Chemical Additives on the Shelf Life of Cucumber Juice Effect of Chemical Additives on the Shelf Life of Cucumber Juice Abstract: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a commercially cultivated worldwide as a seasonal vegetable crop. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effect of different chemical additives namely Sodium benzoate, Potassium metabisulfite( KMS) and their combination, on the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of cucumber juice. The storage was done for 6 months at room temperature and the analysis was conducted at the interval of one month. For the physicochemical parameters like TS, TSS, acidity, color values (Lab), a very slight but non-significant change was observed. Vitamin C, total phenols and antioxidant activity changed significantly (p≤0.05). The variation was found in the color of different samples. Considering all the parameters, samples treated with potassium metabisulfite maintained the maximum nutrient stability. Key words: Antioxidant activity, Chemical additives, Cucumber, Phytochemicals Reference [1] P K Mukherjee, N. K. Nema, N. Maity and B. K. Sarkar, Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber, Fitoterapia 84 (2013) 227–236. [2] G Sotiroudis, E. Melliou Sotiroudis and I. Chinou, Chemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of three Greek cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivars, Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34, 2010,61-78. [3] P K Warrier, Indian medicinal plants: a compendium of 500 species (Chennai: Press Orientlongman, 1994). [4] E D A Melo, V.L.A.G. Lima, M.I.S Maciel, A.C.S. Caetano and F.L.L Leal, Polyphenol, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid contents in common fruits and vegetables, Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 9, 2006,89-94. [5] N S Gill, M. Garg, R. Bansal, S. Sood, A. Muthuraman and M. Bali, Evaluation of antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Cucumis sativus L. seed extract in rats, Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1, 2009, 131-138. Gurpreet Kaur, Poonam Aggarwal and Mohammed Javed	206-209
37.	Shunt Connected STATCOM Control Grid of Wind Turbine System for Balanced and Unbalanced Non Linear Loads Shunt Connected STATCOM Control Grid of Wind Turbine System for Balanced and Unbalanced Non Linear Loads Abstract: Injection of wind power into the grid affects the power quality resulting in poor performance of the system. The power arising out of the wind turbine when connected to a grid system concerning the power quality measurements are active power, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage sell, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. This paper proposes a control scheme based on instantaneous reactive power theory for compensating reactive power requirements of wind turbine generator as well as the harmonics produced by balanced and unbalanced.non linear loads. The proposed control scheme is simulated l using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set Key words: STATCOM, Wind Turbine Generator, Instantaneous Reactive power (IRP), Hysteresis Control Reference [1] J. O. Q. Tande 'Applying Power Quality Characteristics of wind turbine for Assessing impact on Voltage Quality', wind Energy,pp52 2002 [2] Z. Chen, E. Spooner, 'Grid Power Quality with Variable Speed Wind Turbines', IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, Vol. 16, No .2, pp 148-154, June 2001. [3] L. H. Hansen, L. Helle, F. Blaabjerg, E. Ritchie, S. Munk-Nielsen, H. Binder, P. Sørensen and B. Bak - Jensen "Conceptual Survey of Generators and Power Electronics for Wind Turbines ", Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, December 2001. [4] A.Arulampalam, M.Barnes & N.Jenkins, Power quality and stability improvement of a wind farm using STATCOM, Proc. IEE Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 153, No.6, 2006, 701-710. [5] Z.Saad-Saoud, M.L.Lisboa, J.B.Ekanayake, N. Jenkins & G.Strbac, Application of STATCOMs to wind farms, Proc. IEE Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol.145, No. 5, 1998, 511-516. Vinay Kumar. Polishetty, Dr.S.Siva Prasad	210-215
38.	Parametric Study and Design Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Impeller-A Review Parametric Study and Design Optimization of Centrifugal Pump Impeller-A Review Abstract: Centrifugal pumps are widely used for irrigation, water supply plants, steam power plants, sewage, oil refineries, chemical plants, hydraulic power service, food processing factories and mines, because of their suitability in practically any service. Therefore it is necessary to find out the design parameters and working conditions that yield optimal output and maximum efficiency with lowest power consumption. Study indicates that Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is being increasingly applied in the design of centrifugal pumps. With the aid of the CFD approach, the complex internal flows in water pump impellers, can be well predicted, to speed up the pump design procedure. This paper exposes the various research work carried out in this direction especially in the content of parametric study and optimization of centrifugal pump impeller using CFD tool and DoE technique. Literature surveys indicate that very restricted work has been done in this area. Key words: Centrifugal pump, CFD, DOE. Reference [1] E. Dick, J. Vierendeels, S. Serbruyns and J. Vande Voorde "Performance Prediction Of Centrifugal Pumps With Cfd-Tools" tq0405e7/579 26 I 2002 BOP s.c., [2] K.W. Cheah, T. S. Lee, S. H.Winoto, and Z.M. Zhao "Numerical Flow Simulation in a Centrifugal Pump atDesign and Off-Design Conditions" Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Rotating MachineryVolume 2007, Article ID 83641 [3] E.C. Bacharoudis, A.E. Filios, M.D. Mentzos and D.P. Margaris, "Parametric Study of a Centrifugal Pump Impeller by Varying the Outlet Blade Angle" The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2008, 2, 75-83 [4] Andrzej Wilk "The Analysis Of A Hydraulic Efficiency Of An Open Impeller with Radial Blades Obtained In Laboratory Tests Of High Speed Impeller Pump" New Aspects Of Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer And Environment Isbn: 978-960-474-215-8 [5] LIU Houlin, WANG Yong, YUAN Shouqi, TAN Minggao, and WANG Kai "Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps" chinese journal of mechanical engineering vol. 23,ano. *,a2010 Vijaypratap R Singh, M J Zinzuvadia, Saurin M. Sheth	216-220
39.	Robust Palm Vein Recognition Using LMKNCN Classification Robust Palm Vein Recognition Using LMKNCN Classification Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to improve the recognition percentage of palm-vascular-based authentication systems presented in the literature. The proposed method efficiently accommodates the rotational, translational changes and potential deformations by encoding the orientation preserving features. The proposed palm-vein approach is compared with other existing methods and obtained an improved performance in both verification and recognition scenarios. The experimental results obtained in this work based on PolyU and CASIA Vein databases conforms the superiority of the proposed method in both the recognition and verification. Index Terms: Biometrics, multispectral palm- print, palm-vein recognition, personal authentication, vascular biometrics. Reference [1] Chen H, Lu G. and Wang R. (2009) "A new palm vein matching method based on ICP algorithm‟ in Proc. Int. Conf. Interaction Sciences, Seoul, pp. 1207–1211. [2] Feng M.L. and Tan Y.P. (2004) "Contrast adaptive binarization of low quality document images‟ IEICE Electron. Express, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 501–506. [3] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Automatic personal identification using feature similarity index matching", Am. J. Applied Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 678-685, 2012. [4] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Automatic palmprint identification based on high order zernike moment", Am. J. Applied Sci., Vol. 9, pp. 759-765, 2012. [5] Gayathri, R. and Ramamoorthy, P. "Palmprint recognition using feature level fusion", J. of Comput. Sci.,. Vol.8, No.7, pp.1049-1061, 2012. M. Senthil Kumar, R. Gayathri	221-226
40.	Active Watermarking Approach in Detecting Encrypted Traffic Attack by Making Correlation Scheme Robust Active Watermarking Approach in Detecting Encrypted Traffic Attack by Making Correlation Scheme Robust Abstract: Network security is complex and challenging problem in today's world.Despite of many Sophisticated techniques,attack on the network continues to increase.At present,in order to hide the identity of the attacker,attackers send their attack through a chain of compromised hosts that are used as "stepping stones".In this paper we present an approach to find the connection chain of an intruder for tracing back to the origin especially if the attack through the traffic is encrypted one.Our approach will based on analysing correlations of encrypted connection between number of packets sent in outgoing connections and that of the incoming packets in the connection.We proposed a correlation scheme based on watermarking which will be robust against timing perturbation.This approach yields effective better results in terms of number of packets than in existing passive timing based coreelation.This paper presents a new method of embedding a watermark in traffic flow.Here for the purpose of embedding the watermark,the packet timing is adjusted for specific intervals.By slightly changing the packet timing,we achieve robust correlation of encrypted network against random timing perturbation. Key words: Correlation, IPD, Robustness, Stepping stones, Watermark Reference [1] X.Wang, D. Reeves, S. F. Wu and J. Yuill .Sleepy Watermark Tracing: An Active Network -Based Intrusion response framework. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on information Security (IFIP/Sec 2001),pages 369 -384. Kluwer Academic Publishers, June 2001 [2] K.Yoda and H. Etoh. Finding a Connection Chain for Tracing Intruders. In Proceeding of the 6th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2000),LNCS-1895,pages 191-205. Springer-Verlag,October 2002 [3] Y.Zhang and V. Paxson. Detecting Stepping Stones.In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium,pages 171 - 184.USENIX ,2000. [4] L. Zhang ,A. G. Persaud ,A. Johnson, and Y. Guan. Detection of Stepping Stone Attack under Delay and Chaff Perturbations. In Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC 2006), April 2006 [5] I. Cox, M. Miller, and J. Bloom. Digital Watermarking. Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, 2002. Saptshree Dengle,Snehshree Dengle, Dr.Santosh Lomte	227-230
41.	Development of Genetic Algorithm Based Macro Mechanical Model for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Development of Genetic Algorithm Based Macro Mechanical Model for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Abstract: This paper presents the applicability of hybrid networks that combine Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for predicting the strength properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced concrete (SFRC) with different water-cement ratio (0.4,0.45,0.5,0.55), aggregate-cement ratio (3,4,5), % of fibres (0.75,1.0,1.5) and aspect ratio of fibres (40,50,60) as input vectors. Strength properties of SFRC such as compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and compaction factor are considered as output vector. The network has been trained with data obtained from experimental work. The hybrid neural network model learned the relation between input and output vectors in 1900 iterations. After successful learning GA based BPN model predicted the strength characteristics satisfying all the constrains with an accuracy of about 95%.The various stages involved in the development of genetic algorithm based neural network model are addressed at length in this paper. Key words: Aggregate-Cement ratio(A/C), Aspect ratio(AR), Back propagation network(BPN),Genetic Algorithm(GA),Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete(SFRC), Reference [1] Battacharya,A.K,Devadas Menon,Rajeevan,K. (2008), Optimal Design of precast pipe racks, Indian Concrete journal March-2008 pp-21-28 [2] Cengiz Toklu, Y., (2005). Aggregate blending Algorithm, computer Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol.20, NoK.6,pp 450-460. [3] Dragon A. Savic, Ken E.Evans and Thorstan Silberhorn, (1999), A Genetic Algorithm based system for the Optimal Design of Laminates, Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.187-197. [4] Govindaraj, V., Ramasamy, J.V.,(2006) Optimum Design Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Genetic Algorithm, Journal of structural engineering Vol.33, No.2, June-July 2006 pp. 139-147. [5] Kong, J., Kwok, T.C.,(2006) Preliminary designing of concrete structures using Genetic Algorithm and spread sheets, 31st conference on OUR world in concrete and structures,16-17th Aug-2006 Gopala Krishna Sastry, K, V.S, Dr. Sudarsana Rao, H, Dr. Ramana Reddy, I.V and Dr.Vaishali.G.Ghorpade	231-237
42.	Energy Auditing Of Induction Motor Energy Auditing Of Induction Motor Abstract: Energy crisis is one of the crucial problems faced by all the countries in the world due to depletion in natural resources used for energy generation and the huge investment for generating energy from alternate resources. This article suggested some of the major areas of energy conservation practices so that there may be a chance to see the state of Andhra Pradesh as "NO POWERCUT" state in India. A viable and immediate solution in this juncture is the energy conservation as cited by the slogan "Energy conserved is Energy Generated". Optimum use of electrical energy, not only results in cash savings, but also improves the economy of the country substantially. Hence there is an urgent need for energy management and control, which ultimately concludes with the practice of energy conservation. Energy as we all know is a crucial input in the process of economic, social and industrial development. Energy consumption is increasing at a very fast rate. With growing demand for energy ithas become essential to minimize energy leakages. This article suggest some of the methods to make the gap between power generation and demand is equal to Zero. Key words: Energy audit, induction motor, Neural network, Payback period calculations, Rewound motors Reference [1] O.C. Agustin ,"Automatic milled rice quality analysis" Future Generation Communication and Networking, vol.2., pp.112-115, Issue13-15, 2008. [2] M. D. Ahiduzzaman, A.K.M. Sadrul Islam , "Assessment of rice husk energy use for green electricity generation in Bangladesh", Developments in Renewable Energy Technology, pp.1, 2012. [3] J. Armstrong, "Quality system implementation in a pulp and paper mills", E&I maintenance group, pp. 194-202, 1994. [4] Ashrae , "Driftmier energy audit report", University of Georgia Athens, Georgea, 2006. [5] A. Boysen, H.B. Hidemark Danielson, Sweden, "Energy conservation in building and community system", 1987. Manoj Verma, Vijay Kr. Garg	238-242
43.	Integrated Circuit Interconnect Lines on Lossy Silicon Substrate with Finite Element Method Integrated Circuit Interconnect Lines on Lossy Silicon Substrate with Finite Element Method Abstract: The silicon substrate has a significant effect on the inductance parameter of a lossy interconnect line on integrated circuit. It is essential to take this into account in determining the transmission line electrical parameters. In this paper, a new quasi-TEM capacitance and inductance analysis of multiconductor multilayer interconnects is successfully demonstrated using finite element method (FEM). We specifically illustrate the electrostatic modeling of single and coupled interconnected lines on a silicon-silicon oxide substrate. Also, we determine the quasi-static spectral for the potential distribution of the silicon-integrated circuit. Key words: Finite element method, capacitance, inductance, interconnect, silicon substrate. Reference [1] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the modeling of multiconductor multilayer systems for interconnect applications,"Microelectronics Journal, vol. 32, pp. 351-355, 2001. [2] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the frequency-dependent line admittance of VLSI interconnect lines on silicon-based semiconductor substrate," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 33, pp. 449-458, 2002. [3] H. Ymeri, B. Nauwelaers, and K. Maex, "On the capacitance and conductance calculations of integrated-circuit interconnects with thick conductors," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 335-339, 2001. [4] W. Delbare and D. De Zutter, "Accurate calculations of the capacitance matrix of a multiconductor transmission line in a multilayered dielectric medium," IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest, Long Beach, CA, pp. 1013-1016, 1989. [5] J. Zhang, Y-C. Hahm, V. K. Tripathi, and A. Weisshaar, "CAD-oriented equipment-circuit modeling of on-chip interconnects on lossy silicon substrate," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 1443-1451, 2000. Sarhan M. Musa, Matthew N. O. Sadiku and Pamela H. Obiomon	243-247
45.	Experimental Investigation of Jet Impingement Cooling On a Ribbed Surface with Holes Experimental Investigation of Jet Impingement Cooling On a Ribbed Surface with Holes Abstract: Jet impingement has found applications in many processes where there is a need for higher heat transfer The paper reports the results of experimental investigations of the flow and heat transfer from a triangular ribbed heated plate with holes, impinged by a round jet in a confined case built around the plate. The parameters varied are heat flux, ratio of the distance of the nozzle from the plate to the diameter of the nozzle and flow rate of air. These values are further processed to calculate the Reynolds number, heat transfer coefficients and consequently the Nusselt numbers for each combination. Key words: Jet impingement, Reynolds number, Triangular Ribbed surface. Reference [1] V. Narayanan, J. Seyed-Yagoobi, R.H. Page, An experimental study of fluid mechanics and heat transfer in an impinging slot jet flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 1827–1845. [2] Shyy Woei Changa, Hsin-Feng Liou ,Heat transfer of impinging jet-array onto concave- and convex-dimpled surfaces with effusion, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 4484–4499. [3] W.M. Yan, S.C. Mei, Measurement of detailed heat transfer along rib-roughened surface under arrays of impinging elliptic jets, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 5235–5245. [4] Vadiraj Katti, S.V. Prabhu, Heat transfer enhancement on a flat surface with axisymmetric detached ribs by normal impingement of circular air jet, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 29 (2008) 1279–1294 [5] Akhilesh P. Rallabandi, Dong-Ho Rhee, Zhihong Gao, Je-Chin Han, Heat transfer enhancement in rectangular channels with axial ribs or porous foam under through flow and impinging jet conditions, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4663–4671 Kartik Jujare, Shashank Kumat, Akash Thawkar	256-260
46.	An Adaptive Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) An Adaptive Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) Abstract: In this research we are investigate the controlling and enhancing or modulation power flow in a transmission line using a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). At present studies it include detailed PWM techniques controlled for SSSC, are conducted in control circuits. In this proposed technique we are study a static synchronous series compensator is used to investigate the device in controlling active and reactive power as well as damping power system oscillations in th transient mode. This SSSC DEVICE IS EQUIPPED WITH A SOURCE ENERGY IN TH dc LINK can observe or supply the active and reactive power to or supply the active and reactive power to or from the line. This application has been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results are obtained from a selected bus-2 in two machine power system shows and efficiency of this compensator is one of the facts device as a member in power flow controller to achieve desired value for active, reactive powers and damping oscillations appropriately, Key words: STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), FACTS Reference [1] M. Faridi , H.Maeiiat, M. Karimi, P. Farhadi and H. Mosleh (2011) "power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)" IEEE Transactions on power system [2] Sandeep Gupta, R. K. Tripathi (2010) "Voltage Stability Improvement in Power Systems using Facts Controllers: State-of-the- Art Review". IEEE Transactions on Power System, pp.I-8. [3] H. Taheri, S. Shahabi, Sh. Taheri and A. Gholami (2009) "Application of Synchronous Static Series Compensator (SSSC) on Enhancement of Voltage Stability and Power Oscillation Damping", IEEE Transactions on Power System, pp. 533-539 [4] Abido M. A. (2009), "Power System Stability Enhancement Using Facts Controllers: A Review", The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 34, pp. 153-172. [5] B.N. Singh, A. Chandra, K.AI-Haddad and B. Singh (1999) "Performance of sliding- mode and fuzzy controllers for a static synchronous series compensator", IEEE proceedings, Volume 146, No.2, pp. 200-206. Nagarjun Donipala, R. Suresh Babu	261-265
47.	Hybrid Series Capacitive Compensation Scheme In Damping Power System Oscillations Using Tcsc Hybrid Series Capacitive Compensation Scheme In Damping Power System Oscillations Using Tcsc Abstract: This paper demonstrates the phase imbalanced series capacitive compensation concept to enhance power system dynamics as it has the potential of damping power swing as well as sub synchronous resonance oscillations. A scheme for a phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is shown. It is a "hybrid" series compensation scheme, where the series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor (Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C). Key words: FACTS controllers, phase imbalance, series compensation, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC). Reference [1] Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi, "Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems," IEEE Press, 2000 [2] M. Klein, G.J. Rogers and P. Kundur, "A Fundamental Study of Inter-Area Oscillations in Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1991, pp. 914-921. [3] E.V. Larsen, J.J. Sanchez-Gasca and J.H. Chow, "Concepts for Designof FACTS Controllers to Damp Power Swings," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995, pp. 948-956. [4] B. Chaudhuri, B. Pal, A. C. Zolotas, I. M. Jaimoukha, and T. C. Green,"Mixed-sensitivity Approach to H Control of Power System Oscillations Employing Multiple FACTS Devices," IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 18, No. 3, August 2003, pp. 1149–1156. [5] B. Chaudhuri and B. Pal, "Robust Damping of Multiple Swing Modes Employing Global Stabilizing Signals with a TCSC," IEEE Transactions on Power System, Vol. 19, No. 1, February 2004, pp. 499–506. M. Mallesham, Dr.S.Vathsal	266-270
48.	Control Scheme of Z-Source Inverter Based BLDC Motor Drive System Using Modified Pulse Width Modulation Technique Control Scheme of Z-Source Inverter Based BLDC Motor Drive System Using Modified Pulse Width Modulation Technique Abstract: A modified pulse width modulation technique for Z-source inverter based BLDC motor is proposed and analyzed in this project.The Z-source inverter can be used as Buck/Boost converter with lower cost and high efficiency. BLDC motors are used in electric vehicles where portability and efficiency are required. This drive system provides advantages of both BLDC motors and Z-source inverter, and can be used in fuel cell system and other adjustable speed drive application. In this project principle of modified pulse width modulation technique is implemented and simulated. The model of a three phase Z-source inverter has been discussed based on modified pulse with modulation technique. The simulation of Z-source inverter based BLDC motor is done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Key words: Brushless dc motor(BLDC), z-source inverter, VSI, CSI, electric drive system. Reference [1]. F. Z. Peng, "Z-Source Inverter," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 39(2), pp.504–510, March/April 2003. [2]. F. Z. Peng, Li Hui, Su Gui-Jia, J. S. Lawler, "A new ZVS bidirectional dc-dc converter for fuel cell and battery application," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 19(1), Jan. 2004. [3]. M. Shen, A. Joseph, J. Wang, F. Z. Peng, and D. J. Adams, "Comparison of traditional inverter and Z-Source inverter for fuel cell vehicles," IEEE WP 2004, pp.125–132. [4]. "Advanced PM brushless DC motor control and system for electric vehicles" Fang Lin Luo; Hock Guan Yeo; Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE , vol.2, pp 1336 -1343, 2000 [5]. G. L. Tao, Z. Y. Ma, L. B. Zhou, and S. Hu, "Modeling and simulation of permanent magnet brushless DC motor allowing for damping windings," in Proc. IPEMC'2004, vol. 1, pp. 271-274, 2004. S. Suresh Kumar, Dr. S. Shiv Prasad	271-276
49.	Image Enhancement Using Linear Programming Method for High Dynamic Range Image Image Enhancement Using Linear Programming Method for High Dynamic Range Image Abstract: Now a days in Telecommunication areas the contrast gain is considered as a major constraints. For the enhancement purpose, the technique called Histogram Equalization is involved, but due to over enhancement and not such gain is been obtained. So that for the OCTM is been proposed, where the constraints of HE is been rectified. OCTM gives better efficiency and it is been solved by Linear programming. In this paper the enhancement of HDR Image using linear Programming is done. According to it HDR Image is constructed using the multiple exposures and its contrast is enhanced using the OCTM method using Linear Programming. Key words: HE, Dynamic Range, OCTM, Contrast Enhancement, Linear programming Reference [1] A. Majuinder and S. Irani, "Contrast enhancement of images using human contrast sensitivity," in APGV '06: Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2006, pp. 69-76. [2] H. Seetzen, W. Heidrich, W. Stuerzlinger, G.Ward, L. Whitehead, M. Trentacoste, A. Ghosh, and A. Vorozcovs, "High dynamic range display systems," ACMTrans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH), vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 757–765, 2004. [3] J R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital image processing, 2nd ed. NJ: Prentice- Hall, 2002. [4] J K. H. Goh, Y. Huang, and L. Hui, "Automatic video contrast enhancement," in Proc. IEEE Int Consumer Electronics Symp, 2004, pp. 359-364. [5] P. Ledda, A. Chalmers, T. Troscianko, and H. Seetzen, "Evaluation of tone mapping operators using a high dynamic range display," ACM Trans. Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH), vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 640–648, 2005. S. Yamini	270-280
50.	Modeling and Optimization of Reductive Leaching Of Manganese from Low-Grade Manganese Ore in H₂SO₄ Using Glucose as Reductant Modeling and Optimization of Reductive Leaching Of Manganese from Low-Grade Manganese Ore in H₂SO₄ Using Glucose as Reductant Abstract: Leaching studies of low-grade Egyptian manganese ore containing 25.3% MnO2, and 52.06 % Fe2O3 using glucose as reductant in sulfuric acid medium. The experiments were designed according to 2⁵ full factorial design, and regression equation for the extraction of Mn was determined as a function of H₂SO₄ concentration (C), H₂SO₄/Mn stoichiometric (S), glucose/Mn mole ratio (G), leaching temperature (T), and leaching time (M). The main factors affecting Mn dissolution are X₁ (C), and X₄ (T) that are the most positive significant. While the interaction of X₁X₄ (C : T), X₁X₅ (C : M), X₂X₃ (S : G), X₁X₂X₃ (C : S : G) X₁X₃X₅ (C : G : M) are positive significant which mean that the increase in these variables increasing the Mn recovery. On the other hand, the interaction between X₂X₃X₄ (S : G : T), and X₂X₄X₅ (S : T : M) are negatively significant, which means that increasing these effects decreasing the Mn recovery. Key words: Mn ore, leaching, glucose, reductant, Mn recovery, factorial design. Reference [1] D. Azizi, S. Z. Shafaei, M. Noaparast, H. Abdollahi "Modeling and optimization of low-grade Mn bearing ore leaching using response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design", Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, V. 22, Issue 9, 2012 [2] X. Tian, X. Wen, C. Yang, Y. Liang, Z. Pi, Y. Wang "Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using corncob as reductant in sulfuric acid solution" Hydrometallurgy V. 100, Issues 3– 4, 2010. [3] Z. Cheng, G. Zhu, Y. Zhao "Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant" Hydrometallurgy V. 96, Issues 1–2, 2009. [4] H. Su, Y. Wen, F. Wang, Y. Sun, Z. Tong "Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore in H2SO4 using cane molasses as reductant" Hydrometallurgy V. 93, Issues 3–4, 2008. [5] F.W.Y. Momade, Zs. G. Momade "Reductive leaching of manganese oxide ore in aqueous methanol-sulfuric acid medium", Hydrometallurgy 51, 1999. Seham Nagib, R.S. Abdelhameed	281-286
51.	A Newsubblock Partition Technique for PTS in OFDM Systems A Newsubblock Partition Technique for PTS in OFDM Systems Abstract: In recent years, OFDM has gained a lot of interest in diverse-digital communication applications. This has been due to its favorable properties like high spectral efficiency and robustness to channel fading. Some of the major drawbacks in OFDM are its high peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signals and the synchronization of signals. In this paper, a new subblock partition technique has been proposed in which signal subbands are partitioned in no. of subblocks using pseudo-random partitioned technique and then interleaved partition technique is applied. It is observed that PAPR is reduced as compared to conventional PTS. Key words: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), partial transmit sequence (PTS), complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), inter-carrier-interference (ICI),Power amplifier (PA) Reference [1] X. Li and L. J. Cimini Jr., "Effects of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM," IEEE Comm. Letts., vol. 2, pp. 131-133,May 1998. [2] A. E. Jones, T. A. Wilkinson, and S. K. Barton, "Block coding scheme for reduction of peak to mean envelope power ratio of multicarrier transmission scheme," Elec. Letts., vol. 30, pp. 2098-2099, 1994. [3] H. W. Kang, Y. S. Cho, and D. H. Youn, "On compensating nonlineardistortions of an OFDM system using an efficient adaptive predistorter,"IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 47, Apr. 1999. [4] R. W. Bauml, R. F H. Fischer, and J. B. Hiuber, "Reducing the peak-toaverage power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selective mapping,"Elec. Letts., vol. 32, pp. 2056-2057, 1996. [5] S. H. Muller, R. W. Bauml, R. F H. Fischer, and J. B. Huber,"OFDM with reduced peak-to-average power ratio by multiple signal representation," in Annals of Telecommunications, vol. 52, pp. 58-67,Feb. 1997. Garima Singhal and Manoj Kumar	287-291
52.	Effect of FACTS Type to Optimization Performance and Voltage Stability for Electrical Network Effect of FACTS Type to Optimization Performance and Voltage Stability for Electrical Network Abstract: In this paper, a multi objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to solve optimal reactive power (VAR) dispatch problem with flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is presented. This nonlinear multi objective problem (MOP) consists to minimize simultaneously real power loss in transmission lines and voltage deviation at load buses, by tuning parameters and location of FACTS. The constraints of this MOP are divided to equality constraints represented by load flow equations and inequality constraints such as, generation VAR sources and security limits at load buses. Two types of FACTS devices, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are considered. The design problem is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system. Key words: Multi objective optimization; Voltage deviation; power losses; voltage stability; NSGAII; TCSC and UPFC. Reference [1] M. A. Abido, J. M. Bakhashwain, 'Optimal VAR dispatching using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm', Electrical Power and Energy System, 27 (2005) pp. 13-20.J. [2] Mansour MO, Abdel-Rahman TM, Nonlinear VAR optimization using decomposition and coordination. IEEE Trans Power Apparat Syst 1984; PAS-103(2):246-55. [3] Mamandur KRC, Chnoweth RD. Optimal control of reactive power flow for improvement in voltage profiles and for real power loss minimization. IEEE Trans Power Apparat Syst. 1981;PAS-100(7):3185-93. [4] Iba K. Reactive power optimization by genetic algorithm. IEEE Trans Power Syst. 1994;9(2):685-92. [5] Abido MA. A novel multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for environmental/economic power dispatch. Electr Power Syst Res 2003;65(1):71-81.. Marouani Ismail, Allagui Brahim, Hadj Abdallah Hsan	292-299
53.	Controlling Of Grid Interfacing Inverter Using ZVS Topology Controlling Of Grid Interfacing Inverter Using ZVS Topology Abstract: In a high-power grid-connected inverter application, the six-switch three-phase inverter is a preferred topology with several advantages such as lower current stress and higher efficiency. To improve the line current quality, the switching frequency of the grid-connected inverter is expected to increase. Higher switching frequency is also helpful for decreasing the size and the cost of the filter. However, higher switching frequency leads to higher switching loss. The soft-switching technique is a choice for a high-power converter to work under higher switching frequency with lower switching loss and lower EMI noise. The inverter can realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation in all switching devices and suppress the reverse recovery current in all anti parallel diodes very well. And all the switches can operate at a fixed frequency with the new SVM scheme and have the same voltage stress as the dc-link voltage. In grid-connected application, the inverter can achieve ZVS in all the switches under the load with unity power factor or less. The aforementioned theory is verified in a 30-kW inverter. The reduced switching loss increases its efficiency and makes it suitable for practical applications. Index Terms— Grid connected soft switching, space vector modulation (SVM), three-phase inverter, zero-voltage switching (ZVS). Reference [1] N. Mohan, T. Undeland, andW. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design. New York: Wiley, 2003, pp. 524–545. [2] M. D. Bellar, T. S. Wu, A. Tchamdjou, J. Mahdavi, and M. Ehsani, ―A review of soft-switched DC–AC converters,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 847–860, Jul./Aug. 1998. [3] D. M. Divan, ―Static power conversion method and apparatus having essentially zero switching losses and clamped voltage levels,‖ U.S. Patent 48 64 483, Sep. 5, 1989. [4] M. Nakaok, H. Yonemori, and K. Yurugi, ―Zero-voltage soft-switched PDM three phase AC–DC active power converter operating at unity power factor and sinewave line current,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Electronics Spec. Conf., 1993, pp. 787–794. [5] H. Yonemori, H. Fukuda, and M. Nakaoka, ―Advanced three-phase ZVSPWM active power rectifier with new resonant DC link and its digital control scheme,‖ in Proc. IEE Power Electron. Variable Speed Drives, 1994, pp. 608–613. Nelakurthi Sowjanya, A. Bhaskar	300-306
54.	Design and Implementation of a Teacher-Student Interaction System Based On ZIGBEE and RFID Design and Implementation of a Teacher-Student Interaction System Based On ZIGBEE and RFID Abstract: Based on analysis of features of ZIGBEE Wireless sensor networks and RFID technology, From the perspective of improving teaching methods, combining instruction practices, a teacher-student interaction system based on ZIGBEE and RFID technology was designed and implemented for the application of actual teaching. Results show that the system achieved the basic functions of a teacher-student interaction system. ZIGBEE wireless sensor network is based on the ZIGBEE technology. It has great application potential. Radio Frequency Identification, RFID is the use of radio frequency signals through space coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) to achieve non contact transmission of information through the message to the purpose of automatic identification technology. The teacher-student interaction system consists of RFID systems with ZIGBEE subsystems, can enhance the learning interaction between students and teachers. Students may also rely on this system to effectively communicate and interact with teachers, to unfamiliar places for learning and ask questions at any time, to avoid face to face embarrassing questions or omission may be a key. Key words: ARM Processor, AT89S52 Micro-controller, RFID, ZIGBEE Reference [1] The Design and Implementation of a teacher-student Interaction Between Zigbee And Rfid , 978-1-4244-8039-5/11/ ©2011 IEEE [2] Jiang Ting, Zhao Chenglin. Wireless sensor network technology and its application. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. [3] SUN Limin, Li Jianzhong. Wireless sensor networks. Beijing T singhua University Press, 2005. [4] Dong Haitao, Qu Yugui Et al. ZigBee wireless sensor network platform for the design and implementation [J]. Electronic technology. 2007. [5] IEEE 802 Std 802.15.4.Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY). Specifications for Low rate Wireless Personal Area Network. http://standards.ieee.org,2003. Ms. Reshma Sultana, Ms. Seema Sultana, Mr. Mohammad Osman	307-311
55.	Emergency Control Using Multifunctional DVR for Distribution Systems Emergency Control Using Multifunctional DVR for Distribution Systems Abstract: This paper discusses a new multifunctional dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and closed loop controller using the Posicast and P+Resonant controllers. The closed loop controller using the Posicast and P+Resonant controllers is proposed in order to improve the transient response and eliminate the steady-state error in DVR response, respectively. The proposed algorithm is applied to some disturbances in load voltage caused by induction motors starting, and a three-phase short circuit fault. Also, the capability of the proposed DVR has been tested to limit the downstream fault current. The current limitation will restore the point of common coupling (PCC) (the bus to which all feeders under study are connected) voltage and protect the DVR itself. The innovation here is that the DVR acts as virtual impedance with the main aim of protecting the PCC voltage during downstream fault without any problem in real power injection into the DVR. Results of the simulation studies in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment indicate that the proposed control scheme with faults and induction motor under multifunctional DVR. Reference [1] A. K. Jindal, A. Ghosh, and A. Joshi, ―Critical load bus voltage control using DVR under system frequency variation,‖ Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 255–263, Feb. 2008. [2] J. A. Martinez and J. Martin-Arnedo, ―Voltage sag studies in distribution networks- part II: Voltage sag assessment,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1679–1688, Jul. 2006. [3] S. S. Choi, B. H. Li, and D. M. Vilathgamuwa, ―Dynamic voltage restoration with minimum energy injection,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51–57, Feb. 2000. [4] C. Fitzer, M. Barnes, and P. Green, ―Voltage sag detection technique for a dynamic voltage restore,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 203–212, Jan./Feb. 2004. [5] Y. W. Li, D. M. Vilathgamuwa, F. Blaabjerg, and P. C. Loh, ―A robust control scheme for medium-voltage-levelDVR implementation,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 2249–2261, Aug. 2007. Salava V Satyanarayana, Tejasri	312-317
56.	Effect of Jet Shape on Flow and Torque Characteristics of Pelton Turbine Runner Effect of Jet Shape on Flow and Torque Characteristics of Pelton Turbine Runner Abstract: In Pelton turbine, the energy carried by water is converted into kinetic energy by providing nozzle at the end of penstock. The shape of jet affects the force and torque on the bucket and runner of turbine. The nozzle of circular cross section is commonly used. In this paper attempt has been made to study the effect of four different jet shapes on the flow and torque characteristics of Pelton turbine runner through numerical simulation. Key words: Multiphase flow, jet shape, Pelton turbine, free surface flow, nozzle Reference [1] L.S. Kotousov, Measurement of the Water Jet Velocity at the Outlet of Nozzles with Different Profiles, Transaction of Technical Physics, Gases and Liquids, Vol. 50, No. 9, 2005, pp 1112-1118. [2] Perrig, F. Avellan, J.L. Kueny and M. Farhat, Flow in a Pelton Turbine Bucket: Numerical and Experimental Investigations, Transaction of ASME, Vol.128, 2006,pp.350- 358. [3] Zoppe, C. Pellone, T. Maitre and P. Leroy, Flow Analysis Inside a Pelton Turbine Bucket, Transaction of ASME, Vol. 128, 2006, pp.500-511. [4] Zh. Zhang and M. Casey, Experimental Studies of the Jet of a Pelton Turbine, Proceeding of Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 221, 2007, pp.1181-1192. [5] M. Peron, E. Parkinson, Importance of Jet Quality on Pelton Efficiency and Cavitation, Proceeding of International Conference onHydraulic Efficiency Measurements (IGHEM-2008), 3-6 September, 2008, Milano. Vishal Gupta, Dr. Vishnu Prasad, Dr. Ruchi Khare	318-323
57.	Thin-Layer Chromatography of 2-Imino-3-(Substituted Aryl)-1-Thiazolidin-4-Ones and Their Intermediates, Chloroacetanilides Thin-Layer Chromatography of 2-Imino-3-(Substituted Aryl)-1-Thiazolidin-4-Ones and Their Intermediates, Chloroacetanilides Abstract: Chloroacetinilides, prepared by the reaction of primary amines with chloroacetylchloride in benzene, were cyclocondensed with potassium thiocyanate in acetone to obtain 2-imino-3-(substituted aryl)-1-thiazolidin-4-ones. Intermediates and final products have been chromatographed on silica gel G. thin-layers using one- and two-component solvent systems and effects of various properties of developing solvents and migrating species on R_f values have been investigated beside the separation and identification. Reference [1] R.K.Upadhyay, V.P Singh and U. Bajpai. J. Chromatography, 93(1974) 494. [2] R.K.Upadhyay, R.R. Bansal and U. Bajpai. Monatshefte Fur Chemie, 107(1976) 1221. [3] R.K.Upadhyay and R.R. Bansal. J. Chromatography, 9(1976) 582. [4] R.K.Upadhyay.J.Chromatography, 11(1978) 197. [5] R.K.Upadhyay, N.Agarwal and N.Gupta. J. Chromatography, 542(1991) 531. Minbale Aschale	324-326
58.	Nutrition Modelling Through Nano Topology Nutrition Modelling Through Nano Topology Abstract: Nutrition is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary in the form of food to support life. Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy, balanced diet. The purpose of this paper is to apply topological reduction of attributes in set-valued ordered information systems in finding the key foods suitable for two age groups in order to be healthy. We have already introduced a new topology called nano topology. The tactic applied here is in terms of basis of nano topology. Key words: Core, Dominance relation, Lower approximation, Nano-open sets , Nano topology, Set valued information system, Upper approximation Reference [1] Changzhong Wanga, Congxin Wua, Degang Chenb, Qinghua Huc, Cong Wud, Communicating between information systems, Information Sciences 178 (2008) 3228-3239 [2] I. Düntsch, G. Gediga, Uncertainty measures of rough set prediction, Artificial Intelligence 106 (1998) 109-137. [3] R. Jensen, Q. Shen, Fuzzy-rough sets assisted attribute selection, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 15 (2007) 73-89. [4] E.F. Lashin , T. Medhat, Topological reduction of information systems, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 25 (2005) 277-286 [5] M.Lellis Thivagar, Carmel Richard, Note on nano topological spaces (communicated) M. Lellis Thivagar, Carmel Richard	327-334
59.	Rate Control Protocol for Fast Flows: A Survey Rate Control Protocol for Fast Flows: A Survey Abstract: In today's world, congestion control is a main objective to maximize fairness, utilization and throughput of the Internet. Every protocol has its own features to handle the congestion. The most widely used protocol over the Internet is Transfer Control Protocol. It aims at reliable and in order delivery of bytes to the higher layer and it also protect the network from congestive control. Other congestion control protocols are XCP and RCP. These new protocols are advancement over TCP. We study new congestion control protocol like Rate Control Protocol that make flows complete frequently as compared to TCP and other version of TCP and XCP. In this paper we have presented a comparison between TCP, XCP and RCP, which shows that RCP is a superior choice to use over the Internet to make flows complete quickly. Key words: Transmission control protocol, Explicit control protocol, Rate control protocol Reference [1] S.Floyd, M.Allman, A.Jain, P.Sarolahti, "Quick-Start for TCP and IP," RFC4782, January 2007. [2] M. Allman, S. Floyd, C. Partridge, "Increasing TCP's Initial Window," RFC 3390, October 2002. [3] D. Katabi, M. Handley, C. Rohrs, "Internet Congestion Control for High Bandwidth-Delay Product Networks," Proceedings of ACM Sigcomm 2002 , Pittsburgh, August,2002. [4] S. Floyd, "HighSpeed TCP for Large Congestion Windows," RFC 3649, December 2003. [5] Y. Tian, K. Xu, N. Ansari, "TCP in Wireless Environments: Problems and Solutions,"IEEE(Radio)Communications Magazine, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. S27 - S32 , March 2005. Mr. Gaganpreet Singh, Mr. Sukhvir Singh	335-337
60.	URL Obfuscation Phishing and Anti-Phishing: A Review URL Obfuscation Phishing and Anti-Phishing: A Review Abstract: Phishing is an internet fraud that acquires a user's credentials by deceptions. It includes theft of password, credit card number, bank account details, and other confidential information. It is the criminal scheme to steal the user's confidential data. There are many anti-phishing techniques used to protect users against phishing attacks. The statistical of APWG trends report for 1^st quarter 2013 says that now a day the maximum phishing attacks are done using URL Obfuscation phishing technique. Due to the different characteristics and methods used in URL Obfuscation, the detection of Obfuscated URL is complex. The current URL Obfuscation anti-phishing technique cannot detect all the counterfeit URLs. In this paper we have reviewed URL Obfuscation phishing technique and the detection of that Obfuscated URLs. Key words: Anti-phishing, Hyperlink, Internet Security, Phishing, URL Obfuscation Reference [1] Anti-phishing Working Group (APWG) Official site, http://www.apwg.org [2] Gaurav, Madhuresh Mishra, Anurag Jain, (March-April 2012) ―Anti-phishing techniques: A Review‖ International Journal of Engineering Research and Application (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622, Volume.2 Issue.2, Pages: 350-355. [3] Madhuri S. Arade, P.C.Bhaskar (June 2011) ―Anti-phishing Model with URL & image based webpage Matching‖ International Journal of Computer Science and Technology (IJCST) ISSN: 2229-4333 (Print), 0976-8491 (Online), Volume 2, Issue.2, Pages: 282-286. [4] Gunter Ollmann, Director of Security Strategy, IBM Internet Security System. ―The Phishing Guide: Understanding & Preventing Phishing Attacks‖. [5] Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) – Phishing Activity Trends Reports 2013. (July 2013). http://docs.apwg.org/reports/apwg_trends_report_q1_2013.pdf. Jigar Rathod, Prof. Debalina Nandy	338-342
61.	A Survey Paper on Deduplication by Using Genetic Algorithm Alongwith Hash-Based Algorithm A Survey Paper on Deduplication by Using Genetic Algorithm Alongwith Hash-Based Algorithm Abstract: In today‟s world, by increasing the volume of information available in digital libraries, most of the system may be affected by the existence of replicas in their warehouses. This is due to the fact that, clean and replica-free warehouse not only allow the retrieval of information which is of higher quality but also lead to more concise data and reduces computational time and resources to process this data. Here, we propose a genetic programming approach along with hash-based similarity i.e, with MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm. This approach removes the replicas data and finds the optimization solution to deduplication of records. Key words: Database administration, evolutionary computing algorithm i.e, genetic algorithm and MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm. Reference [1] N. Koudas, S. Sarawagi, and D. Srivastava, "Record Linkage: Similarity Measures and Algorithms," Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int‟l Conf. Management of Data, pp. 802-803, 2006. [2] S. Chaudhuri, K. Ganjam, V. Ganti, and R. Motwani, "Robust and Efficient Fuzzy Match for Online Data Cleaning," Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int‟l Conf. Management of Data, pp. 313-324, 2003. [3] V.S. Verykios, G.V. Moustakides, and M.G. Elfeky, "A Bayesian Decision Model for Cost Optimal Record Matching," The Very Large Databases J., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2003. [4] I.P. Fellegi and A.B. Sunter, "A Theory for Record Linkage," J. Am. Statistical Assoc., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1183-1210, 1969. [5] I. Bhattacharya and L. Getoor, "Iterative Record Linkage for Cleaning and Integration," Proc. Ninth ACM SIGMOD Workshop Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp. 11-18, 2004. Miss. J. R. Waykole, Prof. S. M. Shinde	343-346
62.	Client Server Model Based DAQ System for Real-Time Air Pollution Monitoring Client Server Model Based DAQ System for Real-Time Air Pollution Monitoring Abstract: The proposed system consists of client server model based Data-Acquisition Unit. The Embedded Web Server integrates Pollution Server and DAQ that collects air Pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2). The Pollution Server is designed by considering modern resource constrained embedded systems. In contrast, an application server is designed to the efficient execution of programs and scripts for supporting the construction of various applications. While a pollution server mainly deals with sending HTML for display in a web browser on the client terminal, an application server provides access to server side logic for pollutants levels to be use by client application programs. The Embedded Web Server is an arm mcb2300 board with internet connectivity and acts as air pollution server as this standalone device gathers air pollutants levels and as a Server. Embedded Web server is accessed by various clients. Key words: Air Pollution, Embedded System, GPS, GPRS, Web Server Reference [1] M. Gao, F. Zhang, and J. Tian, "Environmental monitoring system with wireless mesh network based on embeddedsystem," in Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Symp. Embedded Computing, 2008, pp. 174–179. [2] W. Chung and C. H. Yang, "Remote monitoring system with wireless sensors module for room environment," Sens. Actuators B, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 35–42, 2009. [3] J. W. Kwon, Y. M. Park, S. J. Koo, and H. Kim, "Design of air pollution monitoring system using ZigBee networks for ubiquitous-city," in Proc. Int. Conf. Convergence Information Technology, 2007, pp. 1024–1031. [4] M. AbuJayyab, S. Al Ahdab, M. Taji, Z. Al Hamdani, and F. Aloul, ―Pollumap: A pollution mapper for cities,‖ in Proc. IEEE Innovations in Information Technology Conf., Dubai, UAE, Nov. 2006, pp. 1–5. [5] A. R. Al-Ali, Imran Zualkernan, and Fadi Aloul, "A Mobile GPRS-Sensors Array for Air Pollution Monitoring", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 10, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2010. Vetrivel. P	347-351