• Real Time Implementation Of Face Recognition System
  Megha Manchanda
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper proposes face recognition method using PCA for real time implementation. Nowadays security is gaining importance as it is becoming necessary for people to keep passwords in their mind and carry cards. Such implementations however, are becoming less secure and practical, also is becoming more problematic thus leading to an increasing interest in techniques related to biometrics systems. Face recognition system is amongst important subjects in biometrics systems. This system is very useful for security in particular and has been widely used and developed in many countries. This study aims to achieve face recognition successfully by detecting human face in real time, based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm.
Index Terms: PCA, eigenvector, eigenfaces , covariance matrix, MATLAB

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Megha Manchanda , "Real Time Implementation Of Face Recognition System" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Security Attacks and its Countermeasures in Wireless Sensor Networks
  Rajkumar, Vani B. A, G. Rajaraman, Dr. H G Chandrakanth
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks have come to the forefront of the scientific community recently. Present WSNs typically communicate directly with a centralized controller or satellite. Going on the other hand, a smart WSN consists of a number of sensors spread across a geographical area; each sensor has wireless communication ability and sufficient intelligence for signal processing and networking of the data. This paper surveyed the different types of attacks, security related issues, and it's Countermeasures with the complete comparison between Layer based Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Layer based Attacks, Security and Countermeasures.

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Rajkumar, Vani B. A, G. Rajaraman, Dr. H G Chandrakanth , "Security Attacks and its Countermeasures in Wireless Sensor Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Approaches for Keyword Query Routing
  Mrs. Suwarna Gothane, Srujana.P
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The growing number of datasets published on the Web as linked data brings both opportunities for high data availability of data. As the data increases challenges for querying also increases. It is very difficult to search linked data using structured languages. Hence, we use Keyword Query searching for linked data. In this paper, we propose different approaches for keyword query routing through which the efficiency of keyword search can be improved greatly. By routing the keywords to the relevant data sources the processing cost of keyword search queries can be greatly reduced. In this paper, we contrast and compare four models – Keyword level, Element level, Set level and query expansion using semantic and linguistic analysis. These models are used for keyword query routing in keyword search.
Index Terms: Keyword search, Keyword query routing, Graph-structured data, linguistic and semantic analysis

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Mrs. Suwarna Gothane, Srujana.P, "Approaches for Keyword Query Routing" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes Using Vapour Adsorption Technique
  Dim Dim Kumar, S A Mohan Krishna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
Key words: Vapour Adsorption Refrigeration, Evaporation, Condensation, Cooling System, Refrigerant and cryogenic.

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Dim Dim Kumar, S A Mohan Krishna, "An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes Using Vapour Adsorption Technique" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Adaptive overcurrent relay for the rural Agricultural feeder Based on Niranthara Jyothi Yojana
  Harish.K, Navneeth C V, Sunil Fernandes, Dr. Srivani S.G
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In certain states like Karnataka and Gujarat of India, farmers are provided with free 3-phase power supply to run their irrigation pump-sets under schemes like Niranthara Jyothi Yojana (NJY). Under this scheme, the rural feeders were bifurcated into agricultural feeders and non-agricultural feeders in order to facilitate 24 hours Supply for Non-agricultural Consumers and 8-10Hrs Supply for Agricultural Consumers. Due to power shortage, the 3-phase supply at the agricultural feeder is given only during the off-peak hours. Rest of the time, the supply is either 2-phase or the feeder is under Load Shedding. 2-phase supply at the station is given exclusively for lighting purpose at Farm houses. But, this 2-phase supply is being illegally tapped and converted to 3-phase by using condensers. Although, this is reflected in the sub-station load curve, it often takes time to detect such misuses. The conventional Overcurrent relay fails to respond to this misuse, unless the set points or pick up values are changed appropriately by human intervention, often the locals influence the substation personnel to keep the set points in such a way that the misuse is not reported. This, at times, may cause cascading disasters in the power system. The proposed relay would not only act as a protective element at the feeder, but also detect the misuse and trip the respective feeder by changing the set points appropriately without involving any human activity, eventually increasing the security of the system. Proposed relay has two working states namely active state and the event log state. The Event log keeps record of the events with real time and date by making use of Real time clock (RTC). This relay also consists of a GSM module which sends SMS to farmers and utility heads regarding the supply status.
Keywords: PCA, Adaptive protection, Open delta Operation, Group operated switch (GOS), Irrigation pump sets (IP sets), Numerical Overcurrent relay, Special Design Transformers(SDT)

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Harish.K, Navneeth C V, Sunil Fernandes, Dr. Srivani S.G, "Adaptive overcurrent relay for the rural Agricultural feeder Based on Niranthara Jyothi Yojana" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) Simulation
  T Jagan Mohan Rao, B.Ravi kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the steady-state response and control of power in transmission line equipped with FACTS devices. Detailed simulations are carried out on two-machine systems to illustrate the control features of these devices and their influence to increase power transfer capability and improve system reliability. The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC) and DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC. The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. The interaction between the DPFC, the network and the machines are analyzed.
Keywords: FACTS, DPFC, modelling, power transmission, AC-DC power conversion, semiconductor devices, power system control.

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T Jagan Mohan Rao, B.Ravi kumar, "Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) Simulation" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Examination passive defense role in spatial distribution of urban region
  Salman Hasanvand, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari, Shabnam shakouri partovi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cities due to the compact and densely populated urban context and diverse urban networks usually are considered in the wars against ground and air attacks as a barrier. And on the other hand, struggles wanted or unwanted wars have led to the cities and sometimes causing high civilian casualties and damage to the city. Expert and track record militaries believe that urban warfare is one of the hardest battles of the model because of the possibility of resistance in the cities due to high intensive residential context and use different weapons to militants in their application package is limited. However, the military forces moved in is very difficult and may well lead them to the attacker's losses also increase under these conditions. Research methodology in this study was a descriptive - analytical. In this paper, after introducing key items affecting the spatial distribution and role of each one in the establishment and development of urban areas first, it will pay the expression of passive defense and civil defense in Tehran metropolitan area and second, to analyze the role of passive defense and settlement of the spatial distribution of urban infrastructure deals and the strengths and weaknesses of the studies discussed and finally, after a review and analysis of all factors will pay conclusions and provide effective strategies taking into account the spatial distribution and effective passive defense will be the key factor.
Keywords: passive defense, civil defense, territory, spatial distribution, spatial structure, land use.

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Salman Hasanvand, Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari, Shabnam shakouri partovi, "Examination passive defense role in spatial distribution of urban region" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Growth and Characterizations of Pure and Calcium Doped Cadmium Tartrate Crystals by Silica Gel Method
  N. S. Patil, S. K. Bachhav, M. S. Kale, D.S. Bhavsar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present course of investigation, pure and calcium doped cadmium tartrate crystals were grown in silica gel at room temperature. The optimum conditions were obtained by varying various parameters such as pH of gel, concentration of gel, gel setting time, concentration of reactants etc. Crystals having different morphologies were obtained such as whitish semitransparent, star shaped, needle shaped. Especially, effect of doping of calcium into cadmium tartrate has been studied with respect of size and transparency. It is found that doping enhances the size and transparency of the crystals. As-grown crystals were characterized using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), UV, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).
Keywords: Crystal Growth, XRD, SEM, UV, EDAX

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N. S. Patil, S. K. Bachhav, M. S. Kale, D.S. Bhavsar, "Growth and Characterizations of Pure and Calcium Doped Cadmium Tartrate Crystals by Silica Gel Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Use of iron oxide magnetic nanosorbents for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions: A review
  Nirmala Ilankoon
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This review paper focuses on the use of iron oxide nanosorbents for the removal of hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)], from aqueous media. Cr(VI) is a well-known toxic heavy metal, which can cause severe damages to the human health even with the presence of trace levels. Chromium continuously enters into water streams from different sources. Several methods are available for Cr(VI) removal and some of them are well established in industrial scale whilst some are still in laboratory scale. Reduction followed by chemical precipitation, adsorption, electro-kinetic remediation, membrane separation processes and bioremediation are some of the removal techniques. Each method is associated with both advantages and disadvantages. Currently, the use of nanosorbents for the aqueous chromium removal is popular among researchers and iron oxide nanoparticles are the most frequently used nanosorbents. This review paper summarizes the performance of different iron oxide nanosorbents studied on the last decade. The direct comparison of these results is difficult due to different experimental conditions used in each study. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics models are also discussed in this review paper. The effect of solution pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dosage and other coexisting ions are also briefly discussed. From the results it is evident that, more attention needs to be paid on the industrial application of the technologies which were successful in the laboratory scale.
Key words: Adsorption, Adsorption capacity, Chromium, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Nanosorbents

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Nirmala Ilankoon, "Use of iron oxide magnetic nanosorbents for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions: A review" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• The application of queue theory in cloud computing to reduce the waiting time
  N.N. Bharkad, Dr. M.H. Durge
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cloud computing is a new technology in computer field to provide on line service to the customers. -Cloud computing has got enormous popularity as it offers dynamic, low-cost computing solutions. To get the service of cloud the user has to be in queue until he is served. Each arriving Cloud computing User (CCU) requests Cloud computing Service Provider (CCSP) to use the resources, if server is available, the arriving user will seize and hold it for a length of time, which leads to queue length and more waiting time. A new arrival leaves the queue with no service. After service completion the server is made immediately available to others. From the user's point of view he needs to be served immediately and to prevent waiting the CCSP's can use infinite servers to reduce waiting time & queue length. The arrival pattern is often Poisson in queuing theory. In this article we analyzed the dynamic behavior of the system with infinite servers by finding various effective measures like response time, average time spend in the system, utilization and throughput.
Keywords: Cloud computing, Poisson process, Queueing theory, Waiting time.

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N.N. Bharkad, Dr. M.H. Durge, "The application of queue theory in cloud computing to reduce the waiting time" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Image Interpolation Techniques in Digital Image Processing: An Overview
  Shreyas Fadnavis
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In current digital era the image interpolation techniques based on multi-resolution technique are being discovered and developed. These techniques are gaining importance due to their application in variety if field (medical, geographical, space information) where fine and minor details are important. This paper presents an overview of different interpolation techniques, (nearest neighbor, Bilinear, Bicubic, B-spline, Lanczos, Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Kriging). Our results show bicubic interpolations gives better results than nearest neighbor and bilinear, whereas DWT and Kriging give finer details.
Keywords: Bicubic, Bilinear, DWT, Image Interpolation, Kriging

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Shreyas Fadnavis, "Image Interpolation Techniques in Digital Image Processing: An Overview" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Catalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol Using Gamma Irradiated PVA/Ag Nanocomposites.
  Wael H. Eisa, Farag A. Ali, Mohamed S. Sadek
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this work, PVA/Ag nanocomposites were prepared by adding different volumes of AgNO₃ to PVA solution. PVA/Ag nanocomposites used as a catalyst for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The responsive catalyst is easily synthesized, environmentally compatible, cost-effective and can be easily recovered by handling from the aqueous solution. The shape and particle size distribution were studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible Absorption Spectra of Gamma-irradiated PVA/AgNO₃ Films were studied.
Keywords: PVA/Ag nanocomposites; 4-nitrophenol; TEM; XRD; UV-Visible.

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Wael H. Eisa, Farag A. Ali, Mohamed S. Sadek, "Catalytic Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol Using Gamma Irradiated PVA/Ag Nanocomposites. " Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Enhanced trusted Image Storing and Retrieval Framework in Cloud Data Storage Service Environment
  Darapaneni Chandra Sekhar, M.Chandra Naik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today's image capturing technologies are producing High Definitional-scale images which are also heavier on memory, which has prompted many users into cloud storage, cloud computing is an service based technology and one of the cloud service is Data Storage as a Service (DSaaS), two parties are involved in this service the Cloud Service Provider and The User, user stores his vital data onto the cloud via internet example: Dropbox. but a bigger question is on trustiness over the CSP by user as user data is stored remote devices which user has no clue about, in such situation CSP has to create a trust worthiness to the costumer or user, in these paper we addressed the mention insecurity issue with a well defined trusted image Storing and retrieval framework (TISR) using compress sensing methodology.
Keywords: Compressed sensing, security and privacy, cloud computing, image reconstruction.

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Darapaneni Chandra Sekhar, M.Chandra Naik, "An Enhanced trusted Image Storing and Retrieval Framework in Cloud Data Storage Service Environment" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 2

• Resource Dependent Radio Allocation For Battlefield Communications - A Data Model Approach
  Gregor Thomeczek, Ian Colwill, Elias Stipidis
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Network Enabled Capability (NEC) and the Land Open Systems Architecture (LOSA) are novel approaches to enable interoperability between a heterogeneous collection of assets in the battlefield. These paradigms utilise an underlying network for cooperation between deployed battlefield equipment. NEC and LOSA have great potential to transform military communications and enhance integrated survivability as well as situational awareness, but the Achilles' heel of NEC and LOSA is the wireless spectrum over which they must communicate. A noisy and dynamic battlefield wireless spectrum as well as an array of heterogeneous wireless communications equipment handling multiple types of data with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements requires a system which manages and allocates these communication resources effectively. This paper presents the High Availability Wireless Communications (HAWC) system, a hardware agnostic communications controller middleware to manage any combination of existing and future multiband wireless resources. The system utilises a vehicle's data model to gather information about available radio resources and enable LOSA by meeting communications data requirements and delivering appropriate QoS to the appropriate traffic in a fleet of vehicles. The functionality of the system is verified by using behavioural simulation on a virtual battlefield.
Keywords: Data Model, Application Aware, Multiband, Vertical Handoff

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Gregor Thomeczek, Ian Colwill, Elias Stipidis , "Resource Dependent Radio Allocation For Battlefield Communications - A Data Model Approach" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigating the Benefits of Using Information Systems in Saudi Arabia Construction Projects
  Saleh Alatawi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Constructions is the second growing industry in KSA. The lion share of the national budget is directed to construction projects and this will be continue for at least 10 years or more.Ensuring the success of any construction project, many depend of success of its management. Therefore, recently, research on management of construction projects in KSA has grabbed the highest attention in both academic and industry domains. The main contribution of this paper is proposing of an Information System (IS) to handle the complication of managing construction projects in KSA. The paper starting by defining what is an IS to solve the conflict and misunderstanding between definitions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and IS. Paper is proceed with exploring the reasons behind the complications of construction projects in KSA. These reasons will answer the question of why ICT is not enough to manage construction projects in KSA. Benefits and structure of using the proposed IS in managing construction projects in KSA have been defined.

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Saleh Alatawi, "Investigating the Benefits of Using Information Systems in Saudi Arabia Construction Projects" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Water Of River Mandakini In Chitrakoot Region
  I.P.Tripathi, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Arvind dwivedi and Manuja Tripathi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The river flows in Madhya Pradesh for about 25km, then makes a border of district Satna (Madhya Pradesh) and district Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh) for the next 25km and again enters in Madhya Pradesh just downstream of Sati Anusuiya. After flowing through about 15km more in M.P., it crosses into Uttar Pradesh near Ramghat in Chitrakoot area and later flows only in Uttar Pradesh finally it joins river Yamuna near Rajapur. The present research works identify Physico - Chemical Characteristics of water quality of River Mandakini in Chitrakoot Region. The water samples were analysed some parameter like pH, TDS, TSS, TH, Alkalinity, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate, and Sulphate. The pH value was found between 7.49 to 8.5, TDS 290 to 470mg/l, TSS 140 to 192mg/l, TH 250 to 288mg/l, Alkalinity 175 to 198mg/l, DO 3.19 to 6.5mg/l, BOD 2.5 to 12 mg/l, COD 10 to 38mg/l, Nitrate 3 to 9mg/l, Sulphate 3 to 8mg/. Most of the sample BOD and COD are higher than the permissible limit prescribed by WHO (1994) as 6mg/l and 10mg/l respectively.TDS, TSS, TH, Alkalinity, Nitrate and Sulphate of all the results below the WHO recommended values as 500mg/l, 200mg/l, 300mg/l, 200mg/l, 45mg/l, 250mg/l.
Keywords: Drinking water, Physico-chemical, Surface water, Water quality, Water pollution

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I.P.Tripathi, Sangam Lal Dwivedi, Arvind dwivedi and Manuja Tripathi, "Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Water Of River Mandakini In Chitrakoot Region" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat Lab
  Shaheen.M.Sain, Nene Anita A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The major prerequisite for the optimum production of methane from a biogas plant is the sustenance of digester temperature within the narrow limits (300C-350C). It is experimentally investigated that, the MIT biogas plant is not maintaining optimum temperature, this decreases the efficiency and increases the detention time for charge. To maintain the plant in optimum temperature, it is necessary to find out the heat losses from the biogas plant and the external energy inputs need to operate the plant. Rate of gas yield, and the detention time (time necessary to anaerobically digest organic wastes) in a biogas reactor, are favorable functions of the temperature in the digester. A thermal simulation for MIT biogas plant has developed using matlab in order to understand the heat transfer from the slurry and the gas holder to the surrounding earth and air respectively. The computation has been performed when the slurry is maintained at 200C and 300C, optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation. If the slurry is considered to be at 350C, the optimum temperature of anaerobic fermentation, the total heat loss from the plant is higher than the heat loss when the slurry is maintained at 200C. The heat calculations provide an appraisal for the heat which has to be supplied by external means to compensate for the net heat losses which occur if the slurry is to be maintained at 350C. A solar system with auxiliary electric heater is designed for maintaining the slurry at 350C.In conclusion; the results of thermal analysis are used to define a strategy for operating biogas plant at optimum temperatures.
Key words: Anaerobic fermentation, Biogas plant, Digester, Detention time, Heat loss, Slurry, Solar system, Thermal simulation, MIT, Matlab

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Shaheen.M.Sain, Nene Anita A, "Thermal Simulation of Biogas Plants Using Mat Lab" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrigation Scheme
  M.A. Adejumobi, J.O. Ojediran and O.O. Olabiyi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Irrigation practices have been observed to impact scheme soil properties and other parameters negatively. These could be as a result of irrigation water quality, method of application and nature of scheme soil. This study was therefore conducted to study the effects of irrigation practices on the soils of Omi irrigation scheme Kogi state, Nigeria after 13years of operation. Soil samples were taken at depths 0 – 20 cm (A1), 20 – 80 cm (A2) and 80 – 120 cm (A3) from two operating lands (OL); OL 5 and OL 18 of the study area. The samples were analysed for chemical parameters (pH, CEC, ESP, Mg2+, Ca2+, OM, and OC). The soil pH which was in the neutral range (pH=6.65 to 7.00) at inception of scheme, has become slightly acidic (pH=6.53 to 6.60). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels have also increased from 10cmol+kg-1 to 35cmol+kg-1. While Organic matter (OM) and Organic carbon (OC) also have marked increase in their levels (baseline as 0.93 to 1.08; for year 2013 as 9.52 to 9.79). Generally, the analysis indicated a need for proper monitoring of the scheme soil to prevent further deterioration.
Keywords: irrigation, impacts, salinity, ground water, chemical properties

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M.A. Adejumobi, J.O. Ojediran and O.O. Olabiyi, "Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrigation Scheme" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved LSB Steganograhy Technique for grayscale and RGB images
  Raju, Mohit Dhanda
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A number of techniques are there to converse securely. Encryption and cryptography are enabling us to have a secure conversation. To protect privacy and communicate in an undetectable way it is required to use some steganography technique. This is to hide messages in some other media generally called cover object. In todays digital world where images are a common means of information sharing, most of the steganography techniques use digital images as a carrier for hiding message. In this paper a LSB based technique is proposed for steganograpgy. This technique is different from standard LSB technique that along with message hidden in LSB bits a part of message also resides at other selective bits using a key. The method is developed to increase the payload capacity and make detection impossible.
Keywords: LSB, peak signal-to-noise ratio, (PSNR), Steganography, Steganalysis, stegokey.

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Raju, Mohit Dhanda, "Improved LSB Steganograhy Technique for grayscale and RGB images" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Content Sharing over Smartphone-Based Delay-Tolerant Networks
  L. Ramya Rekha, G. Surekha, Ravi Mathey
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With the growing number of smartphone end users, peer-to-peer ad hoc content giving is likely to occur often. Thus, new articles sharing mechanisms must be developed since traditional information delivery schemes will not be efficient with regard to content sharing due to the sporadic connectivity between smartphones on the market. To obtain data delivery such challenging environments, researchers include proposed the employment of store-carry-forward methodologies, in which a node stores a communication and holds it until a forwarding prospect arises through an encounter together with other nodes. Most past works in this field have dedicated to the conjecture of whether two nodes could encounter the other, without thinking about the place and also time from the encounter. In this particular paper, we propose to her discover-predict-deliver as a possible efficient articles sharing scheme for delay-tolerant touch screen phone networks. In this proposed scheme, contents are usually shared while using the mobility information of people. Specifically, our strategy employs the mobility understanding algorithm to spot places inside your own home and outdoor.
Keywords: Wireless Networks, Location Dependency, DTN

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L. Ramya Rekha, G. Surekha, Ravi Mathey, "Content Sharing over Smartphone-Based Delay-Tolerant Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Quality of service improvement, Handoff Prioritization and Channel utilization for Cellular Network
  Anoop Kumar Gangwar, Prof. Virendra Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper Call admission control (CAC) is a significant component in wireless networks to promise quality of service requirements and also to improve the network flexibility. The reliability is measured in terms of quality of service (QoS) and grade of service (GoS). GoS is a call‐level factor, which comprises of a new call blocking probability and handoff call blocking probability. So a robust Call Admission and Power Control Mechanism are desired. An admission control method considering the quality of service (QoS) requirements is accountable for deciding whether an incoming call/connection can be accepted or not. One major challenge in designing a CAC creates due to the fact that the cellular network has to service two major types of calls: new calls and handoff calls. The QoS performances related to these two types of calls are generally measured by new call blocking probability and handoff call dropping probability. Our work advance the dropping and handoff loss probabilities and present a coherent framework for comparative studies of presented approaches, but also helps future researches and developments of new call admission policies.
Keywords: 3G, CAC, GoS, Quality of service.

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Anoop Kumar Gangwar, Prof. Virendra Singh, "Quality of service improvement, Handoff Prioritization and Channel utilization for Cellular Network" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Skin Detection Based on Color Model and Low Level Features Combined with Explicit Region and Parametric Approaches
  HARPREET KAUR SAINI, DANVIR MANDAL
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Skin detection is active research area in the field of computer vision which can be applied in the application of face detection, eye detection, etc. These detection helps in various applications such as driver fatigue monitoring system, surveillance system etc. In Computer vision applications, the color model and representations of the human image in color model is one of major module to detect the skin pixels. The mainstream technology is based on the individual pixels and selection of the pixels to detect the skin part in the whole image. In this thesis implementation, we presents a novel technique for skin color detection incorporating with explicit region based and parametric based approach which gives the better efficiency and performances in terms of skin detection in human images. Color models and image quantization technique is used to extract the regions of the images and to represent the image in a particular color model such as RGB and HSV, and then the parametric based approach is applied by selecting the low level skin features are applied to extract the skin and non-skin pixels of the images. In the first step, our technique uses the state-of-the-art non-parametric approach which we call the template based technique or explicitly defined skin regions technique. Then the low level features of the human skin are being extracted such as edge, corner detection which is also known as parametric method. The experimental results depict the improvement in detection rate of the skin pixels by this novel approach. And in the end we discuss the experimental results to prove the algorithmic improvements.
Key words: Skin detection, Color Models, Machine Learning, Image Processing, Computer Vision.

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HARPREET KAUR SAINI, DANVIR MANDAL, "Skin Detection Based on Color Model and Low Level Features Combined with Explicit Region and Parametric Approaches" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In Milling Process
  Abdelilah El Mesbahi, Oussama Jaider, Ahmed Rechia
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Manufacturing features play an important role between design information and manufacturing activities. Recently, various efforts have been concentrated in development of automatic feature recognition systems. However, only limited number of features could be recognized, intersecting features were generally not involved. This paper presents a simple system, in which manufacturing features are easily detected using a Chain of Faces and Base of Faces (CF-BF) graph. A feature is modeled by a series/parallel association of opened Chain of Faces (OCF) or Closed chain of Faces (CCF) that rest on a Base Face (BF). The feature is considered Perfect Manufacturing Feature (PMF) if all Faces that participate in constitution of OCF/CCF are blank faces, else it is an Imperfect Manufacturing Feature (IMF). In order to establish news Virtual Faces to satisfy this necessaries condition, a judicious analysis of orientation of frontier faces that rest on BF is performed. The technique was tested on several parts taken from literature and the results were satisfying.
Keywords: CAD/CAPP/CAM, Automatic Feature Recognition, STEP, Milling Process

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Abdelilah El Mesbahi, Oussama Jaider, Ahmed Rechia, "Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In Milling Process" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Advance Digital Video Watermarking based on DWT-PCA for Copyright protection
  Sk.Habiba, D.Niranjanbabu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Now a days there is use of digital multimedia applications are increased. Digital image watermarking techniques can be classified into spatial or transform domains. The spatial domain methods are the simplest watermarking techniques but have low robustness against different attacks, unlike the transform domains watermarking methods are more complex and have high robustness against various attacks. Most commonly used methods of watermarking are discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT).A hybrid digital video watermarking scheme based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These transform domain technique always give more robust output than DCT and DWT The video frames are first decomposed using DWT and the binary watermark is embedded in the principal components of the low frequency wavelet coefficients Here in order to improve the robustness of water mark Haar filtering must be used in order to get PSNR as much as possible Experimental result shows no visible difference between the watermarked frames and original frame. It shows robustness on the watermarked video against various attacks. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is calculated to measure efficiency of this all methods. And this value must be increased up to the level.
Keywords: DWT, DCT, PCA, binary watermark.

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Sk.Habiba, D.Niranjanbabu, "Advance Digital Video Watermarking based on DWT-PCA for Copyright protection" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 3

• Reliability Based Optimum Design of a Gear Box
  D.Madhusekhar, Dr. K. Madhava reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The gear box represents an important mechanical sub system. In machine tools, the propose of a gear box is to provide a series of useful output speeds so that the machining operation can be carried out at its most optimum operating conditions high spindle speeds with low feed rate for roughing operations. An important aspect in the design of machine tool transmission is to keep the cost and volume of the gear box to a minimum. The probabilistic approach to design has been considered to be more rational compared to the conventional design approach based on the factor of safety. The existence of uncertainties in either engineering simulations or manufacturing processes calls for a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) model for robust and cost-effective designs. In the present work a three shaft four speed gear box is designed using reliability principles. For the specified reliability of the system (Gear box), component reliability (Gear pair) is calculated by considering the system as a series system. Design is considered to be safe and adequate if the probability of failure of gear box is less than or equal to a specified quantity in each of the two failure modes. A FORTRAN program has been developed to calculate the mean values of face widths of gears for the minimum mass of gear box. By changing the probability of failure of system variations in the face widths are studied. The reliability based optimum design results are compared with those obtained by deterministic optimum design. The minimum mass of the gear box is increase as the specified values of the reliability is increased.
Keywords: Reliability based optimum Design, four speed gear box.

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D.Madhusekhar, Dr. K. Madhava reddy, "Reliability Based Optimum Design of a Gear Box" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Skill Gap Analysis for Improved Skills and Quality Deliverables
  Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

With a growing pressure in identifying the skilled resources in Clinical Data Management (CDM) world of clinical research organizations, to provide the quality deliverables most of the CDM organizations are planning to improve the skills within the organization. In changing CDM landscape the ability to build, manage and leverage the skills of clinical data managers is very critical and important. Within CDM to proactively identify, analyze and address skill gaps for all the roles involved. In addition to domain skills, the evolving role of a clinical data manager demands diverse skill sets such as project management, six sigma, analytical, decision making, communication etc. This article proposes a methodology of skill gap analysis (SGA) management as one of the potential solutions to the big skill challenge that CDM is gearing up for bridging the gap of skills. This would in turn strength the CDM capability, scalability, consistency across geographies along with improved productivity and quality of deliverables
Keywords: Skill gap analysis, CDM, Lean

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Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah, "Skill Gap Analysis for Improved Skills and Quality Deliverables" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean Principles
  Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
Keywords: Lean, Process Analysis, DILO, Time and Motion, NVA, WIP

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Mallikarjun Koripadu, K. Venkata Subbiah, "Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean Principles" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Low Cost Stair Climbing Robot Using Arduino
  Jeyabalaji C, Vimalkhanna V, Avinashilingam N, Mohamed Zeeshan M A and Harish Kumar N
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Since the invention of the wheel, Man has sought to reduce effort to get things done easily. Ultimately, it has resulted in the invention of the Robot, an Engineering Marvel. Up until now, the biggest factor that hampers wide proliferation of robots is locomotion and maneuverability. They are not dynamic enough to conform even to the most commonplace terrain such as stairs. To overcome this, we are proposing a stair climbing robot that looks a lot like the human leg and can adjust itself according to the height of the step. But, we are currently developing a unit to carry payload of about 4 Kg. The automatic adjustment in the robot according to the height of the stair is done by connecting an Android device that has an application programmed in OpenCV with an Arduino in Host mode. The Android Device uses it camera to calculate the height of the stair and sends it to the Arduino for further calculation. This design employs an Arduino Mega ADK 2560 board to control the robot and other home fabricated custom PCB to interface it with the Arduino Board. The bot is powered by Li-Ion batteries and Servo motors.
Key words: Robot, Arduino, Climbing Robot, OpenCV.

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Jeyabalaji Chandrasekaran, Vimalkhanna Vadivelu, Avinashilingam Nanjappan, Mohamed Zeeshan. M. A. and Harish Kumar Nagarajan, "Design of Low Cost Stair Climbing Robot Using Arduino" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Hankel Determinent for Certain Classes of Analytic Functions
  Gurmeet Singh
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 30C45.
Keywords: irrigation, impacts, salinity, ground water, chemical properties
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Gurmeet Singh, "Hankel Determinent for Certain Classes of Analytic Functions" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mathematical Modeling Of Syphilis Disease A Case Study With Reference To Anantapur District- Andhrapradesh- India
  G.Prabhakararao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper we have analyzed the Mathematical modeling of Syphilis disease, Syphilis is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex. Occasionally, the disease can be passed to another person through prolonged kissing or close bodily contact. Although this disease is spread from sores, the vast majority of those sores go unrecognized. The infected person is often unaware of the disease and unknowingly passes it on to his or her sexual partner. Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child. Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
Keywords: modeling, contagious diseases, epidemics, stratified populations, susceptible, chain-branched reactions

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G.Prabhakararao, "Mathematical Modeling Of Syphilis Disease A Case Study With Reference To Anantapur District- Andhrapradesh- India" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of Different Occlusion on Facial Expressions Recognition
  Ankita Vyas, Ramchand Hablani
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Occlusions around facial parts complicate the task of recognizing facial expressions from their facial images. We propose facial expressions recognition method based on local facial regions, which provides better recognition rate in the presence of facial occlusions. Proposed method uses Uniform Local Binary pattern as a feature extractor, which extract discriminative features from some important parts of facial image. Feature vectors are classified using simplest classifier that is template matching with chi square distance measure. Extensive experiments are performed on JAFFE database.
Keywords: Chi Square Distance Measure, Facial Expressions, Feature Vectors, Template Matching, Uniform Local Binary Pattern.

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Ankita Vyas, Ramchand Hablani, "Effect of Different Occlusion on Facial Expressions Recognition" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Impact of Vehicle Class and Tire Pressure on Pavement Performance in MEPDG
  Mohamed I. E. Attia, and Manal A. Ahmed
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) design and analysis procedures defines the exact traffic loading by defining the specific number of each vehicle class and the use of axle load distribution factors instead of the equivalent single axle load (ESAL). The number of traffic inputs (parameters) in MEPDG was found to be 17024. This research aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted flexible pavement distress to vehicle class and tire pressure in MEPDG. To evaluate the impact of vehicle (truck) class on pavement sections, different cases of loading were analyzed. For each case, the MEPDG Ver. 1.1 was used to evaluate the effect of tire pressure by solving each case for a tire pressure of 120 and 140 psi. The effect of the traffic parameters on asphalt pavement (AC) rutting, base rutting, subgrade rutting, international roughness index (IRI), longitudinal cracking and fatigue (alligator) cracking were investigated. It was found that vehicle class distribution (VCD) would cause clear impact (comparable to the effect of AADTT level) only if the major traffic is of specific class (very light or very heavy). If this is not the case, the vehicle class distribution will not be a significant factor that affects the final design because most of the trucks had similar impact on flexible pavement distresses. The impact of tire pressure is clear on longitudinal cracking, fatigue cracking and AC rutting, and have no significant impact on both base and subgrade rutting.
Keywords: MEPDG, Traffic Analysis, Flexible Pavement, Tire Pressure, Vehicle Class Distribution

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Mohamed I. E. Attia, and Manal A. Ahmed, "Impact of Vehicle Class and Tire Pressure on Pavement Performance in MEPDG" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A New Approach of Learning Hierarchy Construction Based on Fuzzy Logic
  Ali AAJLI, Karim AFDEL
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent years, adaptive learning systems rely increasingly on learning hierarchy to customize the educational logic developed in their courses. Most approaches do not consider that the relationships of prerequisites between the skills are fuzzy relationships. In this article, we describe a new approach of a practical application of fuzzy logic techniques to the construction of learning hierarchies. For this, we use a learning hierarchy predefined by one or more experts of a specific field. However, the relationships of prerequisites between the skills in the learning hierarchy are not definitive and they are fuzzy relationships. Indeed, we measure relevance degree of all relationships existing in this learning hierarchy and we try to answer to the following question: Is the relationships of prerequisites predefined in initial learning hierarchy are correctly established or not?
Key words: Learning hierarchy, Fuzzy Sets Theory, Fuzzy relationships, Data mining

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Ali AAJLI, Karim AFDEL, "A New Approach of Learning Hierarchy Construction Based on Fuzzy Logic" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Defluoridization Using a Natural Adsorbent, Strychnos Potatorum
  S.Rayappan, B.Jeyaprabha, P.Prakash
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The study assessed the suitability of low-cost natural adsorbent to effectively remediate fluoride contaminated water. The removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using Strychnos Potatorum was studied in batch technique. Influence of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, co ions, speed and initial concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The maximum removal of fluoride ion was obtained at pH 7. The removal of fluoride was expressed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. It was found that the sufficient time for adsorption equilibrium of fluoride ion was 1 hour. The removal of fluoride ions was maximum for the adsorbent dosage of SP is 50mg/50ml. The fluoride adsorption was maximum at 60minutes. The adsorption of F- ion was maximum in the shaking speed of 120 rpm. The presence of interfering ions such as nitrate and carbonate showed positive effect while sulphate and chloride showed little negative effect and phosphate showed high negative effect for the adsorbent. The optimum initial fluoride concentration for SP adsorbent was 1mg/50ml.
Keywords: Fluoride, SP- Strychnos Potatorum , fluoride, low-cost natural adsorbent

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S.Rayappan, B.Jeyaprabha, P.Prakash, "Defluoridization Using a Natural Adsorbent, Strychnos Potatorum" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storage System
  Bandaru Ramakrishna, Guguloth Baloji
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
Index Terms: Brushless DC (BLDC) machine, c-dump converter, flywheel energy storage system.

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Bandaru Ramakrishna, Guguloth Baloji, "A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storage System" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Process Parameter Optimization of WEDM for AISI M2 & AISI H13 by Anova & Analytic Hierarchy Process
  Rajkamal Singh Banga, Mukesh Verma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

WEDM is a widely recognized unconventional material cutting process used to manufacture components with complex shapes and profiles of hard materials. In this thermal erosion process, there is no physical contact between the wire tool and work materials. AISI M2 and AISI H13 materials are taken for studyand molybdenum wire electrode diameter (0.18mm); experiment is conducted according to Taguchi‟s L₁₆ OA, with input parameters as Peak current, Pulse on, Pulse off their response on MRR, Surface Roughness, Kerf width & Spark Gap is analysed to check the significance of each using ANOVA. Process parameter optimization is done by Analytic Hierarchy Process with the criteria Maximum MRR, minimum kerf and surface roughness. It is observed that for material AISI M2 at low value of peak current (1 A), pulse off (20μs) and pulse on (30μs) we can minimize surface roughness (3.30μm), kerf width (0.195 mm) and maximize MRR (0.022 g/min),from the selected levels whereas for material AISI H13 Peak current (1A), Pulse On (40μs) and high Pulse Off (30μs) we get better Surface roughness (3.71 μm), kerf width (0.196mm) and maximum MRR (0.020g/min), from the selected levels.
Index Terms: WEDM, DOE, Orthogonal array, MRR, Ra, Kw, AHP, Molybdenum wire.

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Rajkamal Singh Banga, Mukesh Verma, "Process Parameter Optimization of WEDM for AISI M2 & AISI H13 by Anova & Analytic Hierarchy Process" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Speed Control Of Separately Excited Dc Motor Using A High Efficiency Flyback Converter With New Active Clamp Technique
  M.Subramanyam, K.Eswaramma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper deals with Speed control of separately excited DC motor using flyback converter with a new non complementary active clamp control method to achieve soft switching and high efficiency for heavy motor load and light load conditions. This is quite attractive for low power application with universal ac inputs, such as external adaptors. With the proposed control technique, the energy in the leakage inductance can be fully recycled. The soft switching can be achieved for the main switch and the absorbed leakage energy is transferred to the output and input side. In the Proposed model the resistive and DC motor is connected to flyback converter and it is simulated with different nominal voltages and rated speed is controlled at different levels for the N-type active clamp flyback converter and P-type active clamp flyback converter respectively. N-type active clamp flyback converter is suitable for high speed variation applications and P-type active clamp flyback converter is suitable for low speed variation applications.
Key Words: Active clamp, flyback, high efficiency, noncomplementary control, Speed control, separately excited D.C Motor.

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M.Subramanyam, K.Eswaramma, "Speed Control Of Separately Excited Dc Motor Using A High Efficiency Flyback Converter With New Active Clamp Technique" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Effect of simultaneous movement of multiple particles under electric field in a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct
  Ranuva Nageswara Rao, Dr. S.S Tulasiram
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

20% of failures in Gas Insulated Substations are due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. These particles may be free to move in the electric field or may be fixed on the conductors, thus enhancing local surface fields. In this paper a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct with inner and outer diameter to 55mm and 152 mm is considered. In this paper multiple particles i.e three particle of different sizes are considered. These three particles are assumed to be rest at a position. Basic equations for the movement of three metallic particles are formulated. The motion of the three particles are simulated for different voltages using MATLAB. Effect of multiple particles for various electric fields on particle movement are analyzed and time of collisions of the particle at first time is determined for various voltages. Particles of copper of 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm radius, 10 mm length and 0.15 mm radius and 7 mm and 0.25 radius are considered. The results show that the three particle collide at different points depending on the particles positions. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed.
Keywords: multiple particles , Gas Insulated Substations, Particle Contamination, MATLAB.

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Ranuva Nageswara Rao, Dr. S.S Tulasiram, "Effect of simultaneous movement of multiple particles under electric field in a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modeling and Thermal Analysis of Disc Brake
  Praveena S, Lava Kumar M, Kesavulu A
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The disc brake is a device used for slowing or stopping the rotation of the vehicle. Number of times using the brake for vehicle leads to heat generation during braking event, such that disc brake undergoes breakage due to high Temperature. Disc brake model is done by CATIA and analysis is done by using ANSYS workbench. The main purpose of this project is to study the Thermal analysis of the Materials for the Aluminum, Grey Cast Iron, HSS M42, and HSS M2. A comparison between the four materials for the Thermal values and material properties obtained from the Thermal analysis low thermal gradient material is preferred. Hence best suitable design, low thermal gradient material Grey cast iron is preferred for the Disc Brakes for better performance.
Keywords: ANSYS, CATIA, Disc Brake, Thermal Analysis

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Praveena S, Lava Kumar M, Kesavulu A, "Modeling and Thermal Analysis of Disc Brake" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Testing theOdour Quality of Non-Metallic Materials
  AVIJIT SINGH GANGWAR
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This report has been compiled on the completion of 3 week summer training at ICAT. It discusses about a very necessary and least popular part of the Automotive Industry i.e. Testing and Certification. It discusses about one of the government notified Testing body ICAT which is one of just 6 such organisations in India.This report deals with the odour quality testing of non-metallic materials that are used for automobile compartment and parts associated with the compartment.
Keywords: Odour Quality, Testing.

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AVIJIT SINGH GANGWAR, "Testing theOdour Quality of Non-Metallic Materials" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Research on Iris Region Localization Algorithms
  Pravin S.Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Iris recognition is a biometric technique that offers premium performance. Iris localization is critical to the success of an iris recognition system, since data that is falsely represented as iris pattern data will corrupt the biometric templates generated, resulting in poor recognition rates. So far different algorithms for iris localization having been proposed. This paper explored four efficient methods for iris localization, out of these three methods of iris localization in circular form and one methods of unwrapping the iris in to a flat bed. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate performance evaluation of every implemented algorithms. Conclusion based on comparisons can provide most significant information for further research. A CASIA and UPOL iris databases of iris images has been used for implementation of iris localization General Term Biometrics,Iris Recognition,Iris Localization
Keywords: Circular Iris Localization, Flat bed Iris Localization, Timing Analysis, Accuracy Analysis

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Pravin S.Patil, "Research on Iris Region Localization Algorithms" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of a current Mode Sample and Hold Circuit at sampling
  rate of 150 MS/s
  Prity Yadav, Anu Saini, Mr Sampath kumar v
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A current mode sample and hold circuit is presented in this paper at 180nm technology. The major concerns of VLSI are area, power, delay and speed. Hence, we have used a MOSFET in triode region in the proposed architecture for voltage to current conversion instead of a resistor being used in previously proposed circuit. The proposed circuit achieves high sampling frequency and with more accuracy than the previous one. The performance of the proposed circuit is depicted in the form of simulation results.
Keywords: Sample and Hold, Current Mode Circuits, CMOS

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Prity Yadav, Anu Saini, Mr Sampath kumar v, "Design of a current Mode Sample and Hold Circuit at sampling rate of 150 MS/s" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

Version 4

• Production of microbial enzymes by new method of cultivation of microorganisms
  Blieva Raushan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We have developed efficient methods for long-term culturing and selection of highly active versions of the original cultures of micromycetes – producers of enzymes. We theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed an advantage of growing micromycetes in a new filament-spongy immobilized growth structure on the substrate relative to the traditional method of deep cultivation of free cells in the form of pellets. When comparing a traditional with our innovative method of cultivation, many advantages of the latter are revealed, above all being the possibility of the formation of new highly selective cultures in the long process of their growth with modified culturally - morphological properties.
Keywords: Immobilization, enzymes, cultivation, productivity, selection, pectinas, amylase

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Blieva Raushan, "Production of microbial enzymes by new method of cultivation of microorganisms" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Finite Element Simulation of Plasma Transferred ARC Welding [PTAW] of Structural Steel
  PV Senthiil, Aakash Shirrushti
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Plasma transferred Arc welding is one of the most widely used welding process, in which the metals are fused just above the melting point, and makes the metal to fuse. It is employed in many applications like tool die and metal casting, strip metal welding etc. This investigation is to analyze temperature distribution residual stress and distortion by varying the heat source parameter in SYSWELD, and compared the results with ANSYS. The simulation of Plasma Transferred Arc welding was of structural steel plate performed using a non-linear transient heat transfer analysis. Heat losses due to convection and variation of material properties with temperature were considered in this analysis. To incorporate the heat developed the Gaussian distribution was considered. Finite element simulations were performed using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) code and using SYSWELD. The temperatures obtained were compared with experimental results for validation. It was found that the predicted values of temperature agree very well with the experimental values. Residual Stress and Distortion were also predicted for various heat Input. The effect of heat input on residual stress and distortion was investigated.
Keywords: Residual stress, heat transfer, plasma weld, distortion,PTAW

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PV Senthiil, Aakash Shirrushti, "Finite Element Simulation of Plasma Transferred ARC Welding [PTAW] of Structural Steel" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Optimization of Fuzzy Matrix Games of Order 4 X 3
  R. Senthil Kumar, S. Kumaraghuru
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
Keywords: Lean, Process Analysis, DILO, Time and Motion, NVA, WIP

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R. Senthil Kumar, S. Kumaraghuru, "Optimization of Fuzzy Matrix Games of Order 4 X 3" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Fabrication of Eu-Cycle
  A.Venkat Sai
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

EU-Cycle is a self balancing electric unicycle. A regular unicycle is powered by pedal and is balanced by a rider, whilst the EU-Cycle runs by an electric motor and balance by control system in the roll direction. The simple thing to do by rider is to lean forward for acceleration, to lean backward for braking. EU-Cycle is designed as to be a fast and portable means of transport among crowded area, home and office. Therefore, The EU-Cycle gives tough challenge to the unicycle. EU-Cycle has attracted print media including future stories in radio, television. Thus in addition to successful development of EU-Cycle in urban use, the project has to implement the EU-cycle as an educative device.

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A.Venkat Sai, "Design and Fabrication of Eu-Cycle" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Enhancement in Power Quality With Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at Distribution Level
  B.Yella Reddy, M.Pratap Naik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

At present the Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid and shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and validated through digital signal processor-based laboratory experimental results.
Keywords: Active power filters (APF), distributed generation (DG), distribution system, grid interconnection, power quality (PQ), and renewable energy.

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B.Yella Reddy, M.Pratap Naik, "Enhancement in Power Quality With Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at Distribution Level" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improved Model of New Six-Phase High Voltage Power Supply for Industrial Microwave Generators with A Single Magnetron By Phase
  BOUBKAR BAHANI, N. El GHAZAL,M. CHRAYGANE, A.BELHAIBA, M.BOUSSETA
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This original work treats the feasibility study of new type of high voltage power supply with a character six-phase for a magnetron 800 Watts-2450 MHz per phase for industrial microwave generators. The design of this new power supply uses a new sex identical single-phase high voltage transformer with magnetic leakage flux, coupled in star. Each single phase supply a cells which multiples the voltage, stabilizes the current and supplies in its turn a single magnetron. The π equivalent model of the transformer is developed, taking into account the saturation phenomenon and the stabilization process of each magnetron current. This model is based on the determination of the analytical expressions of its non-linear inductances, that can be determined from the establishment of the B(H) magnetization curve of the used material (SF19). This new power supply presents a multiple benefits in terms of reducing of weight, volume, electrical wiring and cost during of the implementation and maintenance of such a new device. The simulation results, upbraided by Matlab-SIMULINK code, are in good agreement with those found by experimental measurement for one magnetron, while respecting the conditions recommended by the manufacturer of magnetron: Ipeak<1.2 A, Imean≈ 300 mA.
Keywords: Modelling; New power supply; regulation; magnetron; Microwave; Matlab-SIMULINK.

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BOUBKAR BAHANI, N. El GHAZAL,M. CHRAYGANE, A.BELHAIBA, M.BOUSSETA, "Improved Model of New Six-Phase High Voltage Power Supply for Industrial Microwave Generators with A Single Magnetron By Phase" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design of Fuzzy PID controller to control DC motor with zero overshoot
  Meenakshi Chourasiya, Prof. Shweta karnik
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Most of the real time operation based physical system, digital PID is used in field such as servo-motor/dc motor/temperature control system, robotics, power electronics etc. need to interface with high speed constraints, higher density PLD's such as FPGA used to integrate several logics on single IC. There are some limitations in it to overcome these limitations Fuzzy logic is introduced with PID and Fuzzy PID is formed. This paper explains experimental design of Fuzzy PID controller. We aimed to make controller power efficient, more compact, and zero overshoot. MATLAB is used to design PID controller to calculate and plot the time response of the control system and Simulink to generate a set of coefficients.
Keywords: Fuzzy PID controller, FPGA, MATLAB, Simulink, VHDL.

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Meenakshi Chourasiya, Prof. Shweta karnik, "Design of Fuzzy PID controller to control DC motor with zero overshoot"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Masdar City : A Model of Urban Environmental Sustainability
  Nikhil Manghnani & Kapil Bajaj
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Masdar City is an archeology project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its core is a planned city, which is being built by Masdar, a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed capital provided by the government of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners and engineering and environmental consultancy Mott MacDonald, the city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a zero waste ecology. It initially aimed to be a sustainable zero-carbon car-free city. . This article is a case study about "Masdar City," a planned carbon-neutral town in Abu Dhabi. The article describes the key characteristics of Masdar City.
Keywords: Masdar City; United Arab Emirates; Renewable energy

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Nikhil Manghnani & Kapil Bajaj, "Masdar City : A Model of Urban Environmental Sustainability" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Time-Frequency Representation For Estimating Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio Of Materials
  Abdelkader Elhanaoui, Elhoucein Aassif, Gérard Maze, Dominique Décultot
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The present paper examines a new procedure for estimating Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of homogeneous materials constituting the one-layer thin tubes. The work is done from the use of the time-frequency representation. Spectrogram and its reassigned version have been chosen to analyze experimentally acoustic signals backscattered by air-filled tubes immersed in water. For reduced frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 500, time-frequency images have shown the presence of the Symmetrical and the Antisymmetrical waves. Satisfactory resolution and good localization in the time-frequency plane have been observed in the case of concentrated spectrogram. Reduced cutoff frequencies of A1 and S1 waves have also been extracted from Spectrogram and concentrated Spectrogram time-frequency images. A good agreement has, therefore, been observed. Comparisons with results obtained by experiment indicate that mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of aluminum and copper are evaluated accurately.
Key words: Young's modulus; Isotropic elasticity; Acoustic scattering; one-layer cylindrical tube; Time-frequency representation; Proper modes theory.

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Abdelkader Elhanaoui, Elhoucein Aassif, Gérard Maze, Dominique Décultot, "Time-Frequency Representation For Estimating Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio Of Materials" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Guiding Principles in Selecting AC To DC Converters For Power Factor Corrections in AC Transmission System
  Ibekwe B.E., Eneh I. I., Ude I.J.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The ac to dc converters' power factors correction in ac transmission system were investigated. The studies include: phase-controlled converter; pulse width modulated (PWM) converter and ac input current shaped converter. Using Fourier series, power factors of these converters were calculated and simulated using MATLAB. The resulting curves are displayed in the hard copies for practical guides in the choice of converters; and comparatively, current shaped type is the best.
Keywords: ac to dc converters, ac transmission lines, current-shaping converters, PF corrections, PWM converters,

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Ibekwe B.E., Eneh I. I., Ude I.J., "Guiding Principles in Selecting AC To DC Converters For Power Factor Corrections in AC Transmission System" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Micro-Turbine Generation Control System Optimization Using Evolutionary algorithm
  Mohanraj B S, Arunnambi, Selvabharathi
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Distribution systems management is becoming an increasingly complicated issue due to the introduction of new technologies, new energy trading strategies, and new deregulated environment. In the new deregulated energy market and considering the incentives coming from the technical and economical fields, it is reasonable to consider Distributed Generation (DG) as a viable option to solve the lacking electric power supply problem. This paper presents a mathematical distribution system planning model considering three planning options to system expansion and to meet the load growth requirements with a reasonable price as well as the system power quality problems. DG is introduced as an attractive planning option in competition with voltage regulator devices and Interruptible load. This paper presents a dynamic modelling and simulation of a high speed single shaft micro-turbine generation (MTG) system for grid connected operation and shows genetic algorithm (GA) role in improvement of control system operation. The model is developed with the consideration of the main parts including: compressor-turbine, permanent magnet (PM) generator, three phase bridge rectifier and inverter. The simulation results show the capability of Genetic Algorithm for controlling MTG system. The model is developed in Mat lab / Simulink.
Index Terms: Distributed Generation, Genetic Algorithm, Inverter, Micro-Turbine.

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Mohanraj B S, Arunnambi, Selvabharathi, "Micro-Turbine Generation Control System Optimization Using Evolutionary algorithm" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fabrication of Mono Roue
  Maanyam.Sairam, Seetharam Sandeep.P, Sai prahallad.S, Sachin gogoi, Sukumar Reddy.M
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A mono wheel is a one-wheeled single track similar to uni cycle. However, instead of sitting above the outer cycle, the rider sits inside the wheel. The wheel is a ring, usually driven by uni-cycle which is pressed against to the outer wheel. It was designed as a single-passenger vehicle, or a multi-passenger vehicle has been built in 19th Century. Hand-cranked and pedal-powered mono wheels were built in the late 19th century; most built in the 20th century have been motorized. Some modern builders refer to these vehicles as the monocycle, though that term is used to describe motorized unicycles.
Keywords: Welding, fabrication, mono Roué, Single wheel cycle.

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Maanyam.Sairam, Seetharam Sandeep.P, Sai prahallad.S, Sachin gogoi, Sukumar Reddy.M, "Fabrication of Mono Roue" 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of closed loop control technique for improving the performances of PWM inverter-A review
  V. M. Deshmukh, Dr. A.J. Patil
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

this review paper presents closed loop control techniques for controlling the inverter working under different load or KVA ratings. The control strategy of the inverter must guarantee its output waveforms to be sinusoidal with fundamental harmonic. For this purpose, close loop current control strategies such as H∞ repetitive controller, dual closed-loop feedback control, Adaptive Voltage Control, SRFPI controller, Optimal Neural Controller, etc. have been used to meet the power quality requirements imposed by IEEE Interconnection Standards. Based on present scenario regarding energy crises, immediate action is the use of different renewable energy sources (RESs) . Out of RESs, solar is gaining more attention. It is very important to design and developed a system which should be efficient enough to utilize the extracted energy for different types of load and feeding of energy into utility grid. Since experimentation and comparison of such inverter models on hardware being relatively expensive, the latest computing tool like MATLAB are considered to be a better alternative to simulate the outcomes of such expensive systems. The proposed closed loop control technique for the inverter working under linear and nonlinear system will be implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK working platform and results will be analyzed to check its benefits.
Key Words: Controller, harmonics, RES,ONC, load voltage

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V. M. Deshmukh, Dr. A.J. Patil, "Implementation of closed loop control technique for improving the performances of PWM inverter-A review" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Symbolic Computation via Gröbner Basis
  Irina Stallion
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to find the orthogonal projection of a rational parametric curve onto a rational parametric surface in 3-space. We show that the orthogonal projection problem can be reduced to the problem of finding elimination ideals via Gröbnerbasis. We provide a computational algorithm to find the orthogonal projection, and include a few illustrative examples. The presented method is effective and potentially useful for many applications related to the design of surfaces and other industrial and research fields.
Keywords: Orthogonal Projection, Parametrization, Polynomial,Surface

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Irina Stallion, "Symbolic Computation via Gröbner Basis" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 5

• Survey on VSPN: VANET-Based Secure and Privacy-Preserving Navigation
  Rukaiya Y. Shaikh, Disha Deotale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

VANET provide facility for the vehicles on roads to communicate for driving safety. The basic idea is to allow arbitrary vehicles to broadcast ad hoc messages to other vehicles. However, this raises the issue of security and privacy. Here, we have described various existing solutions/protocols that are used in order to satisfy the security and privacy requirement of the vehicular ad hoc network. We have also described security issues and challenges in VANET. We have presented various security attributes that may be considered as criteria to measure security such as availability, confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non-repudiation. This paper also give the detail information of some of the schemes such as RAISE ,IBV with their pros and cons.
Keywords: Navigation, On board Unit(OBU), Road Side Unit(RSU), Signature Verification, Tamper Proof Device, Vehicular ad hoc network.

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Rukaiya Y. Shaikh, Gulab R.Shaikh, "Survey on VSPN: VANET-Based Secure and Privacy-Preserving Navigation" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Implementation of I²C Master Bus Protocol on FPGA
  Regu Archana, Mr. J.V.Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The focus of this paper is on I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol interface between Master Bus protocol and slave. Here we are interfacing between micro-controller and DS1307. I²C bus protocol sends 8 bit data from micro-controller to DS1307. This module was designed in VHDL and simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.2. I²C and optimized for area and power. This concept is widely applicable from any high speed device or low speed device to any low speed device or high speed device. This module acts as a slave for the DS1307 at the same time acts like a master for the micro-controller device which can be considered as a slave. . It can be used to interface low speed peripherals like motherboard, embedded system, mobile phones, set top boxes, DVD, PDA's or other electronic devices.

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Regu Archana, Mr. J.V.Rao, "Implementation of I2C Master Bus Protocol on FPGA" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Rizgar Amin Agha and Samal Muhammad Rashid, "A Proposed Equation for Elastic Modulus of High-Strength Concrete Using Local Aggregates in Iraq" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Enhanced Skewed Load and Broadside Power Reduction in Transition Fault Testing
  Mrs. A.Jyothi, Ms. P.Priyadharshika
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This Paper Proposes the T-algorithm technique to optimize the testing Skewed Load and Broadside architecture. And the architecture used to the compare the test pattern results. In this architecture, T-algorithm used to optimize the testing architecture. This architecture compare the test pattern output for the required any type of combinational architecture. The optimization process mainly focused by gate optimization for secure architecture. The proposed system to use the T-algorithm, to optimize the testing clocking level for the required test patterns. This technique to replace the flip flop and the mux arrangement. To reduce the flip flops in Skewed Load architecture. And to develop the accuracy for testing architecture. The proposed system consists of the secure testing architecture and includes the XOR-gate architecture. So the modification process applied by the Broadside and over all Skewed Load architecture. The proposed technique to check the scanning results for the testing process. The testing architecture mainly used to the error attack for the scanning process and the scanning process work with any type of testing architecture. The scanning process to be secure using the T-algorithm for the Skewed Load architecture. And to develop the testing process for the fault identification process. The diagnosis technique to detect error for the scanning process in any type combinational architecture. The T-algorithm used to reduce the circuit complexity for the testing architecture and the testing architecture used to reduce the delay level. And the future process, this technique used to reduce the gate level for the sticky comparator architecture and to modify the clocking function for the testing process. This technique to develop the accuracy level for the testing process compare to the present methodology.
Keywords: Broadside Transition, Reduction of Flip-flops, Reduction of circuit complexity, Skewed Load, XOR gate Architecture

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Mrs. A.Jyothi, Ms. P.Priyadharshika, "Enhanced Skewed Load and Broadside Power Reduction in Transition Fault Testing" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Identification of Project Risks & Risk Breakdown Structure In Manufacture of Heavy Forgings
  V.B. Buch*PMP, D.K.Singh, A.K. Sharma
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Forging companies, especially in the business of manufacture of heavy forged parts are embedded in the supply chain of critical components of capital goods across various industries. These forged parts form a significant portion of the total raw material requirement of the capital goods equipment and is generally on the critical path of project schedule.Failure to meet delivery schedule poses huge threat to the success of the customer's project. Delivery of these forged items is delayed in an event of failure to meet customer's quality requirements.Various other uncertainties during the project lifecyclecan also cause delayed delivery. Accordingly, risk management methodologies when employed by the forging supplier to the manufacturing project can result in successful achievement of delivery timelines. The present study is intended to identify the risks (threats) to quality and delivery in manufacture of heavy forged components and create a Risk breakdown structure (RBS) as a reference for further risk planning by the forging supplier.

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V.B. Buch*PMP, D.K.Singh, A.K. Sharma, "Identification of Project Risks & Risk Breakdown Structure In Manufacture of Heavy Forgings" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigations on Hybrid Learning in ANFIS
  C.Loganathan & K.V.Girija
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Neural networks have attractiveness to several researchers due to their great closeness to the structure of the brain, their characteristics not shared by many traditional systems. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a network of interconnected artificial processing elements (called neurons) that co-operate with one another in order to solve specific issues. ANNs are inspired by the structure and functional aspects of biological nervous systems. Neural networks, which recognize patterns and adopt themselves to cope with changing environments. Fuzzy inference system incorporates human knowledge and performs inferencing and decision making. The integration of these two complementary approaches together with certain derivative free optimization techniques, results in a novel discipline called Neuro Fuzzy. In Neuro fuzzy development a specific approach is called Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), which has shown significant results in modeling nonlinear functions. The basic idea behind the paper is to design a system that uses a fuzzy system to represent knowledge in an interpretable manner and have the learning ability derived from a Runge-Kutta learning method (RKLM) to adjust its membership functions and parameters in order to enhance the system performance. The problem of finding appropriate membership functions and fuzzy rules is often a tiring process of trial and error. It requires users to understand the data before training, which is usually difficult to achieve when the database is relatively large. To overcome these problems, a hybrid of Back Propagation Neural network (BPN) and RKLM can combine the advantages of two systems and avoid their disadvantages.
Keywords: ANFIS, Back propagation learning ,Gradient Descent method, membership function, Runge-Kutta Algorithm,

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C.Loganathan & K.V.Girija, "Investigations on Hybrid Learning in ANFIS" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Characterization and DC Conductivity of Novel CuO doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nano-composite Films
  Chivukula Srikanth, Chakradhar Sridhar B, B.M.Nagabhushana and R.D.Mathad
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

DC conductivity of PVA-CuO nano-composite films have been studied in the present work. The composites were prepared by solution-casting technique. The prepared PVA-CuO composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS); which confirmed the presence of CuO in polyvinyl alcohol and the formation of the composite. DC conductivity studies show thermally activated behavior of all the composites. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behavior of all the compositions. The activation energy increases as the content of CuO nanoparticles increases from 1 to 4 in wt% in the PVA- CuO nano-composites. Maximum conductivity was observed in 4 wt% of CuO in polyvinyl alcohol.
Keywords: DC conductivity, FTIR, Nano copper oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, X-ray diffraction.

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Chivukula Srikanth, Chakradhar Sridhar B, B.M.Nagabhushana and R.D.Mathad, "Characterization and DC Conductivity of Novel CuO doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nano-composite Films"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Probabilistic Design Hollow of Airfoil Wing by Using Finite Element Method
  Mr.Sachin M. Shinde, Prof.Dr.B.P. Ronge, Prof.Dr.P.M.Pawar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study represents simulation of Airfoil composite beam by using Monte Carlomethod. A three dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of NACA0012 airfoil composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress was objective function. Chord length , beam length ,elastic modulus in XY,YZ,XZ,shear modulus of epoxy graphite in in XY,YZ,XZ, ply angle and ply thickness of airfoil section, force are varied within effective range and their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce bending stress under static loading condition.
Keywords: Airfoil wing, Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Mr.Sachin M. Shinde, Prof.Dr.B.P. Ronge, Prof.Dr.P.M.Pawar, "Probabilistic Design Hollow of Airfoil Wing by Using Finite Element Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Pendulum Dampers for Tall RC Chimney Subjected To Wind
  Dr. B K Raghu Prasad, Nitin Shepur, Dr. Amarnath K
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Chimneys are a part of industrial growth in any country. Most current chimney design standards require analysis of dynamic analysis of chimney for earthquake and wind induced loads. Because of variation in dimensions of chimney along its height structural analysis such as wind oscillations have become more critical. If ductility is an important consideration in earthquake resistant design, control of deflection become critical in wind induced vibrations. Pendulum dampers are of the devices to control the deflection. In the present work pendulum dampers of different natural frequencies have been tried. The one which has the largest equivalent logarithmic decrement is found to reduce the response significantly. The response is compared with that of chimney with a tip mass. The paper discusses the dynamic analysis of 150m high RCC chimney subjected to wind. Analysis has been carried out for fixed base case.
Key words: Pendulum, Logarithmic decrement, Wind Analysis, Time-History analysis, Sinusoidal Force

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Dr. B K Raghu Prasad, Nitin Shepur, Dr. Amarnath K, "Pendulum Dampers for Tall RC Chimney Subjected To Wind" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios
  Hussain Bohra, Mahesh Kumar Porwal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Future wireless communication systems can utilize the spatial properties of the wireless channel to enhance the spectral efficiency and therefore increases its channel capacity. This can be designed by deploying multiple antennas at both the transmitter side and receiver side. The basic measure of performance is the capacity of a channel; the maximum rate of communication for which arbitrarily small error probability can be achieved. The AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel introduces the notion of capacity through a heuristic argument. The AWGN channel is then used as a basic building block to check the capacity of wireless fading channels in contrast to the AWGN channel. There is no single definition of capacity for fading channels that is applicable in all situations. Several notions of capacity are developed, and together they form a systematic study of performance limits of fading channels. The various capacity measures allow us to observe clearly the various types of resources available in fading channels: degrees of freedom, power and diversity. The MIMO systems capacity can be enhanced linearly with large the number of antennas. This paper elaborates the study of MIMO system capacity using the AWGN Channel Model, Channel Capacity, Channel Fast Fading, Spatial Autocorrelation and Power delay profile for various channel environments.
Keywords: MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO, AWGN, System Capacity and Waterfilling.

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Hussain Bohra, Mahesh Kumar Porwal, "Study and Analysis Capacity of MIMO Systems for AWGN Channel Model Scenarios" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Transformerless Topology for Grid-Conected Inverters With Unipolar PWM Control
  N.SivaPrasad, SK.Sajith
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Most of the PV systems are designed with transformer for safety purpose with galvanic isolation. However, the transformer is big, heavy and expensive. Also, it reduces the overall frequency of the conversion stage. Generally PV inverter with transformer is having good efficiency. To overcome these problems, transformer less PV system is introduced. It is smaller, lighter, cheaper and higher in efficiency. However, dangerous leakage current will flow between PV array and the grid due to the stray capacitance. There are different types of configurations available for transformer less inverters like H5, H6, HERIC, and Dual paralleled buck inverter. But each configuration is suffering from its own disadvantages like high conduction losses, shoot-through issues of switches, dead-time requirements at zero crossing instants of grid voltage to avoid grid shoot-through faults and MOSFET reverse recovery issues. The main objective of the proposed transformer less inverter is to address two key issues: One key issue for a transformer less inverter is that it is necessary to achieve high efficiency compared to other existing inverter topologies. Another key issue is that the inverter configuration should not have any shoot-through issues for higher reliability.
Key words: MOSFET, High Efficiency, inverter topologies, transformer less PV system

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N.SivaPrasad, SK.Sajith, "Transformerless Topology for Grid-Conected Inverters With Unipolar PWM Control" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Automated License Plate Recognition for Toll Booth Application
  Ketan S. Shevale
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper describes the Smart Vehicle Screening System, which can be installed into a tollbooth for automated recognition of vehicle license plate information using a photograph of a vehicle. An automated system could then be implemented to control the payment of fees, parking areas, highways, bridges or tunnels, etc. There are considered an approach to identify vehicle through recognizing of it license plate using image fusion, neural networks and threshold techniques as well as some experimental results to recognize the license plate successfully.
Keywords: License plate recognition, real world application, pattern recognition, segmentation

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Ketan S. Shevale, "Automated License Plate Recognition for Toll Booth Application" 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Ethanol Productivities of Two Different Recombinant Fermenting Strains on Source-Separated Organic Waste
  Valeriy Bekmuradov, Grace Luk and Robin Luong
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Production of biofuel such as ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a beneficial way to meet sustainability and energy security in the future. The main challenge in bioethanol conversion is the high cost of processing, in which enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are the major steps. Among the strategies to lower processing costs are utilizing both glucose and xylose sugars present in biomass for conversion. An approach featuring enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps, identified as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was used in this work. Proposed solution is to use "pre-processing" technologies, including the thermal screw press (TSP) and cellulose-organic-solvent based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) pretreatments. Such treatments were conducted on a widely available feedstock such as source separated organic waste (SSO) to liberate all sugars to be used in the fermentation process. Enzymatic hydrolysis was featured with addition of commercial available enzyme, Accellerase 1500, to mediate enzymatic hydrolysis process. On average, the sugar yield from the TSP and COSLIF pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was remarkable at 90%. In this work, evaluation of the SSO hydrolysate obtained from COSLIF and enzymatic hydrolysis pretreaments on ethanol yields was compared by fermentation results with two different recombinant strains: Zymomonas mobilis 8b and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DA2416. At 48 hours of fermentation, ethanol yield was equivalent to 0.48g of ethanol produced per gram of SSO biomass by Z.mobilis 8b and 0.50g of ethanol produced per gram of SSO biomass by S. cerevisiae DA2416. This study provides important insights for investigation of the source-separated organic (SSO) waste on ethanol production by different strains and becomes a useful tool to facilitate future process optimization for pilot scale facilities.
Key Words: enzyme, ethanol, lignocellulose, organic waste

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Valeriy Bekmuradov, Grace Luk and Robin Luong, "Comparative Ethanol Productivities of Two Different Recombinant Fermenting Strains on Source-Separated Organic Waste" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power Electronics
  P.Chennakesavarao, P.Srihari
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The heat sinks are used in electronic systems to remove heat from the chip and effectively transfer it to the ambient. The heat sink geometry is designed by the mechanical engineers with the primary aim of reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink for better cooling in the electronic systems. Due to the proximity of the heat sink with the ICs, the RF fields created by RF currents in the ICs/PCBs gets coupled to heat sinks. Hence, the coupled RF current can cause radiated emission. This radiated noise from the device can couple and disturb the functioning of the nearby electronic systems. Also this radiated emission from the device poses a problem to the system compliance with respect to EMI/EMC regulations. The international EMI/EMC standards require the radiated emission from the electronic devices to be kept below the specified limits. As a result the design of Heat Sink is very important factor for the efficient operation of the electronic equipment. In this project design optimization of a Heat sink in a Power amplifier is performed to reduce the weight and size .Power amplifier is electronic equipment mounted in an army vehicle. The power modules inside the amplifier generates a heat of 1440 Watts and a temperature of 140 0c.Two Heat sinks are used to dissipate the heat generated inside the equipment and maintain a temperature of less than 850c. The existing heat sink which is being used is weighing around 10.3kgs and height of 51mm; as a result the unit is very robust. The objective of my project is To design & optimize the heat sink to reduce the weight and size. The optimized heat sink should also dissipate heat generated by power modules and maintain a temperature of less than 850c inside. To achieve the design a steady state thermal analysis will be performed on the heat sink and plot the Temperature distribution on the fins. Based on the above analysis results we will increase/decrease the number of fins, thickness of fins, and height of fins to reduce the weight of the heat sink. We will perform CFD analysis of the power amplifier by mounting the optimized heat sink and plot temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure. Efforts are made to optimize temperature, pressure and velocity distribution in the power amplifier enclosure by reorienting the power modules in the enclosure. UNIGRAPHICS software is used for 3D modeling SOLID WORKS FLOW SIMULATION software is used for thermal and CFD analysis.
Keywords: RF currents: Radio Frequency currents EMI/EMC: Electromagnetic interference/ Electromagnetic compatibility

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P.Chennakesavarao, P.Srihari, "A Thesis on Design Optimization of Heat Sink in Power Electronics" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Dynamic Topology Re-Configuration in Multihop Cellular Networks Using Sequential Genetic Algorithm
  B.Shantha Kumari, Mr. Mohammed Ali Shaik Asst. Prof
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Cellular communications has experienced explosive growth in the past two decades. Today millions of people around the world use cellular phones. Cellular phones allow a person to make or receive a call from almost anywhere. Likewise, a person is allowed to continue the phone conversation while on the move. Cellular communications is supported by an infrastructure called a cellular network, which integrates cellular phones into the public switched telephone network. The cellular network has gone through three generations.The first generation of cellular networks is analog in nature. To accommodate more cellular phone subscribers, digital TDMA (time division multiple access) and CDMA (code division multiple access) technologies are used in the second generation (2G) to increase the network capacity. With digital technologies, digitized voice can be coded and encrypted. Therefore, the 2G cellular network is also more secure. The third generation (3G) integrates cellular phones into the Internet world by providing highspeed packet-switching data transmission in addition to circuit-switching voice transmission. The 3G cellular networks have been deployed in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States since 2002 and will be widely deployed in the coming years. The high increase in traffic and data rate for future generations of mobile communication systems, with simultaneous requirement for reduced power consumption, makes Multihop Cellular Networks (MCNs) an attractive technology. To exploit the potentials of MCNs a new network paradigm is proposed in this paper. In addition, a novel sequential genetic algorithm (SGA) is proposed as a heuristic approximation to reconfigure the optimum relaying topology as the network traffic changes. Network coding is used to combine the uplink and downlink transmissions, and incorporate it into the optimum bidirectional relaying with ICI awareness. Numerical results have shown that the algorithms suggested in this thesis provide significant improvement with respect to the existing results, and are expected to have significant impact in the analysis and design of future cellular networks.
Keywords: cooperative diversity, dynamic traffic distribution, intercell interference, multicast, multihop cellular network, network optimization, reuse factor, routing, scheduling, topology control.

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B.Shantha Kumari, Mr. Mohammed Ali Shaik Asst. Prof, "Dynamic Topology Re-Configuration in Multihop Cellular Networks Using Sequential Genetic Algorithm" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental investigation of ethanol blends with gasoline on SI engine
  Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. But the future of automobile based on internal combustion engines has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10% 20% and 30% of ethanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with ethanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption showed comparable performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.

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Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava, "Experimental investigation of ethanol blends with gasoline on SI engine" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite Element Method
  Mr. Shinde Sachin M.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This study represents simulation of hollow circular composite beam by using Monte Carlo method .A three dimensional static analysis of large displacement type has been carried out. Finite element analysis of hollow circular composite structure has been carried out and uncertainty in bending stress is analyzed. Bending stress was objective function. Beam length, beam radius, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio of epoxy graphite, ply angles of hollow circular section, radius and force are randomly varied within effective range and their effect on bending stress has been analyzed. In order to validate the results, one loop of simulation is benchmarked from results in literature. Ultimately, best set of probabilistic design variable is proposed to reduce bending stress under static loading condition.
Keywords: Hollow circular beam, Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Mr. Shinde Sachin M, "Probabilistic Design of Hollow Circular Composite Structure by using Finite Element Method" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Analysis of a Producer Gas Generated by a Chir Pine Needle (Leaf) in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier
  Mr. Akhilesh Kumar, Mr. Ravindra Randa
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Today's Indian scenario is facing an unprecedented energy crisis as the conventional energy resources of India are consistently deteriorating with the limited stock of these natural minerals posing a staggering threat to the Indian economy. Among all the available resources biomass proves to be a satisfactory substitute for compensating the energy void due to these natural resources. Biomass is a renewable resource with almost zero net CO2 emission which is processed with the help of biomass gasifier which is concurrently used with a chir pine needle. The performance of the biomass gasifier system is evaluated in terms of equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency. The experimental results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Keywords: Biomass, gasification, chir pine needle, downdraft gasifier, equivalence ratio

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Mr. Akhilesh Kumar, Mr. Ravindra Randa, "Experimental Analysis of a Producer Gas Generated by a Chir Pine Needle (Leaf) in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Delay Limited Transmission Techniques with Low Density Parity Check Method of Quasi Stationary Sources Over Block Fading Channels
  Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, J. Anusha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In a Quasi stationary sources time utilization takes a major role. To implement the delay limited transmission of Quasi stationary sources over block fading channels is considered. Here to reduce the delay we propose the power adaption schemes here we can implement the analytical distortion outage probability as performance measure and also derive the power of each transmission scheme.transmission are presented. The first one is optimizedfor fixed rate transmission, and hence enjoys simplicity of implementation. The second one is a high performance scheme, which also benefits from optimized rate adaptation with respect to source and channel states.for High SNR regime ,the asymptotic outage distortion gain are derived.here another two schemes with fixed transmission powers and adaptive rates are consider for comparisions here source and channel coded optimized power adaption scheme outperforms compare to other schemes,by adding the low density parity check method the delay can be reduced rapidly by using the proposed method.
Keywords: Quasi stationary sources, Channel coding ,Block fading channels

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, J. Anusha, "Delay Limited Transmission Techniques with Low Density Parity Check Method of Quasi Stationary Sources Over Block Fading Channels" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Improving Power Efficiency in Cooperative Diversity and Mimo Systems by Using Star Qam
  Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, G. Sirisha
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose a new simple relayingstrategy based on bit-interleaved convolutionally coded starquadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) along with coherent/ noncoherent detection. Exploiting this property, a hard limiter is used to enhance power amplifier (PA) efficiency at the relay.here we are using the higher order modulation for improving relay communication and also employ the accurate relay technique.Moreover, we show that the proposedapproach retains differential detectability, which results in a significant reduction of receiver complexity with robustness against phase ambiguityBy analyzing our proposed method in terms of asymptotic pairwise error probability(PEP),Furthermore, theeffectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of PA efficiency is confirmed by comparing the statistical distributions of the corresponding instantaneous signal power.and also implement the PEP in MIMO systems for improving the power efficiency.All the theoretical results agree with those obtained by computer simulations.
Keywords: Cooperative diversity, power amplifier (PA)efficiency, star-quadrature amplitude modulation (star-QAM), differential amplitude-and-phase shift keying (DAPSK), amplify and- forward (AF),MIMO systems.

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, A. SrinivasaRao, G. Sirisha, "Improving Power Efficiency in Cooperative Diversity and Mimo Systems by Using Star Qam" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Image Restoration and Denoising By Using Nonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation and Histogram Clipping
  Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, K. Ravibabu, K. Sateesh Kumar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Due to the degradation of observed image the noisy, blurred, Distorted image can be occurred .for restoring image information we propose the sparse representations by conventional modelsmay not be accurate enough for a faithful reconstruction of the original image. To improve the performance of sparse representation-based image restoration,In this method the sparse coding noise is added for image restoration, due to this image restoration the sparse coefficients of original image can be detected. The so-called nonlocally centralized sparse representation (NCSR) model is as simple as the standard sparse representation model,for denoising the image here we use the Histogram clipping method by using histogram based sparse representation effectively reduce the noise.and also implement the TMR filter for Quality image.various types of image restoration problems, including denoising, deblurring and super-resolution, validate the generality and state-of-the-art performance of the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Image restoration, nonlocal similarity, sparserepresentation, histogram clipping.

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Dr. T. V. S. Prasad Gupta, K. Ravibabu, K. Sateesh Kumar, "Image Restoration and Denoising By Using Nonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation and Histogram Clipping" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental investigation of Methanol blends with gasoline on SI engine
  Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. And it runs on fossil fuel. But the excessive use of fossil fuels will very soon leads to the energy crises so the future of automobile based on fossil fuels has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% of methanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with methanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption showed improved performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Keywords: Brake thermal efficiency, Blends, ethanol, gasoline, methanol,

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Gaurav tiwari, Dr. Nitin shrivastava, "Experimental investigation of Methanol blends with gasoline on SI engine" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Investigation of Heat Transfer Through Fins Using Fem
  Mr. H.N. Gandate, Dr. D.V. Bhope
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Analysis of heat distribution, thermal stresses and strain for engine cylinder and fins are discussed in this paper. The cylinder and fins being analysed using finite (FE) software ANSYS AND by FE (simple model). When a cylinder is subjected to certain pressure and temperature thermal distribution and thermal stresses analysis of cylinder is necessary to avoid the failure during working condition. In this work the temperature distribution and thermal stresses are evaluated by considering only temperature effect, temperature and gas pressure effect and also evaluate the same by considering the effect of cylinder head.

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Mr. H.N. Gandate, Dr. D.V. Bhope, "Investigation of Heat Transfer Through Fins Using Fem" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• MMSE and ZF Analysis of Macrodiversity MIMO Systems and Wimax Networks over Flat Rayleigh Fading Paths
  Dr.T.V.S.Prasad Gupta, K.Ravibabu, T.ManasaVeena
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

We consider the large scale MIMO systems in which the number of users are gradually increased at that time the receiving antennas performance also decreased gradually. In contrast, almost no analytical results are available for macro diversity systems where both the sources and receive antennas are widely separated. Here, receive antennas experience unequal average SNRs from a source and receiver antenna receives a different average SNR from each source. Although this is an extremely difficult problem,In this paper, we provide approximate distributions for the output SNR of a ZF receiver and the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of an MMSE receiver. In addition, simple high SNR approximations are provided for the symbol error rate (SER) of both receivers assuming M-PSK or M-QAM modulations .For better performance of receivers we can also implement the MMSE and ZF analysis in Wimax networks.
Keywords: Macrodiversity, MMSE, ZF, outage probability, optimum combining, zero-forcing, Network MIMO, CoMP

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Dr.T.V.S.Prasad Gupta, K.Ravibabu, T.ManasaVeena, "MMSE and ZF Analysis of Macrodiversity MIMO Systems and Wimax Networks over Flat Rayleigh Fading Paths" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods on Mobile Ad hoc Networks in NS2
  Osamah Ibrahem Khalaf, Norrozila Sulaiman, Ghaidaa Muttasher Abdulsahib
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Transmission video over ad hoc networks has become one of the most important and interesting subjects of study for researchers and programmers because of the strong relationship between video applications and frequent users of various mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones in all aspects of life. However, many challenges, such as packet loss, congestion (i.e., impairments at the network layer), multipath fading (i.e., impairments at the physical layer) [1], and link failure, exist in transferring video over ad hoc networks; these challenges negatively affect the quality of the perceived video [2].This study has investigated video transfer over ad hoc networks. The main challenges of transferring video over ad hoc networks as well as types of errors that may occur during video transmission, various types of video mechanisms, error correction methods, and different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that affect the quality of the received video are also investigated.
Keywords: ad hoc, automatic repeat request, congestion, forward error correction, link failure.

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Osamah Ibrahem Khalaf, Norrozila Sulaiman, Ghaidaa Muttasher Abdulsahib, "Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods on Mobile Ad hoc Networks in NS2" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Version 6

• An Empirical Study of the Applications of Classification Techniques in Students Database
  Tariq O. Fadl Elsid, Mergani. A. Eltahir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

University servers and databases store a huge amount of data including personal details, registration details, evaluation assessment, performance profiles, and many more for students and lecturers alike. main problem that faces any system administration or any users is data increasing per-second, which is stored in different type and format in the servers, learning about students from a huge amount of data including personal details, registration details, evaluation assessment, performance profiles, and many more for students and lecturers alike. Graduation and academic information in the future and maintaining structure and content of the courses according to their previous results become importance. The paper objectives are extract knowledge from incomplete data structure and what the suitable method or technique of data mining to extract knowledge from a huge amount of data about students to help the administration using technology to make a quick decision. Data mining aims to discover useful information or knowledge by using one of data mining techniques, this paper used classification technique to discover knowledge from student's server database, where all students' information were registered and stored. The classification task is used, the classifier tree C4.5, to predict the final academic results, grades, of students. We use classifier tree C4.5 as the method to classify the grades for the students .The data include four years period [2006-2009]. Experiment results show that classification process succeeded in training set. Thus, the predicted instances is similar to the training set, this proves the suggested classification model. Also the efficiency and effectiveness of C4.5 algorithm in predicting the academic results, grades, classification is very good. The model also can improve the efficiency of the academic results retrieving and evidently promote retrieval precision.
Keywords: Data Mining, Classification, Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD), J48 Algorithm, Weka.

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Tariq O. Fadl Elsid, Mergani. A. Eltahir, "An Empirical Study of the Applications of Classification Techniques in Students Database" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Evaluating the barriers for enhacing the utilization level of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in manufacturing industry
  Preetam singh sankhla
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This research has been out within the field of the barriers of advanced manufacturing technology. It has been goal to investigate the barriers affecting the implementation of AMT in the organisation. the work with this paper has been carried out in cooperation with machine well with the goal to create recommendation for the company in how they could implement AMT successfully in the company in order to answer the question what should a small industry focus on to implement the AMT concept successfully, an investigation in the two middle size industries in the Rajasthan (India) were visited. One interview was carried out with managers at both the two companies and a questionnaire was handed out to workers. The aim was to see if there were any large differences in the barriers of AMT which is applying in the company. The interview and questionnaire did show that a company should know about barriers of AMT & their inter relationship if they wanted to accomplish more in the organisation with tea work and get more busy from the employees. It is important that all workers know the vision and goal why a company is implementing AMT. Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) has been viewed strategic weapon to gain competitive advantages by manufacturing organisation . The small and medium scale industries (SMISs) are under increasing pressure to adopt advanced manufacturing technology to be competitive or simply to survive. The successful implementation of AMT will requires the companies to have a workforce with higher level of skills, a flexible organizational structure and include a new culture in managing and training a workforce in the manufacturing industries. The ability of the workers to run multiple machines, stopping production when problem occur, communication of organizational goals and participation in idea generation and decision making are important in achieving a higher benefits of AMT. The SMIs have to increase the educational and supervision needs of the workers and also have a higher understanding of the technology to realize its potential. The proposed framework has synthesized previous studies and integrated related studies through conducting a complete literature review. This paper is a theoretical construction that synthesizes previous studies .this model can provide managers with practical solutions through granting in depth understanding of whole internal external technological and environmental and awarding empirical insight into overcoming barriers to the adoption and implementation of AMT.

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Preetam singh sankhla, "Evaluating the barriers for enhacing the utilization level of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in manufacturing industry" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Medical Diagnostic Reasoning Using Extended Hausdorff Distance for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
  P. Thiruveni, B. Mohamed Harif, A. Mohamed Ali
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In this paper a new method to find a medical diagnostic reasoning with the help of extended huasdroff distance for intuitonistic fuzzy sets.
Keywords: Intuitionistic fuzzy set, Extended Hausdroff distance, Normalized Hamming distance.

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P. Thiruveni, B. Mohamed Harif, A. Mohamed Ali, "Medical Diagnostic Reasoning Using Extended Hausdorff Distance for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Rect-O-Back
  Hardik Garg, Ashu Jain
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This document presents an approach towards developing an electronics device and a software application to maintain the correct body posture which is a mobile solution to keep our back strong and healthy. It presents the designing and functioning of equipment and software.
IndexTerms: Body posture, Baud rate, Accelerometer, Gyroscope

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Hardik Garg, Ashu Jain, "Rect-O-Back" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• An Economics of Nano technology: The relative importance of Governmental funding and filing of patent applications
  Dr Debasis Patnaik, Mr KVS Raxit
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The non technology applications are taking the business applications are increasing. Private activities coupled with governmental funding bestows competitive advantage on nations. Unless India gears up fast and quick it would lose yet one more business race especially in the context of liberation, globalization and privatization reforms that it has entered.The nanotechnology patent applications published in different countries'/regions' patent offices have been evaluated by using the esp@cenet ''worldwide'' database. A longitudinal analysis is done on nanotechnology patent applications data from 1991-2008. Indian data and contributions are revealed as sparse. Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for'' (H01L) ranked first, followed by ''Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes'' (A61K).
Keywords: Nano technology, world- wide patent offices, patent filing, government funding

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Dr Debasis Patnaik, Mr KVS Raxit, "An Economics of Nano technology: The relative importance of Governmental funding and filing of patent applications" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Experimental Study on Use of Waste Marble Dust in Concrete
  Aalok D. Sakalkale, G. D. Dhawale, R. S. Kedar
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Concrete is the most important component used in the construction industry throughout the world, where the fine aggregate is generally natural sand. The use of sand in construction activities results in the excessive mining. Due to excessive mining, natural resources are getting exhausted, results in increase in scour depth and sometimes flood possibility. Thus, it is becoming inevitable to use alternative material in concrete.Marble is one of the important materials used in the construction industry. Marble powder is produced from processing plants during the sawing and polishing of marble blocks and about 20 - 25% of the processed marble is turn into powder form. Disposal of the marble powder material from the marble industry is one of the environmental problems worldwide today.The present study is aimed at utilizing Waste marble powder construction industry itself as fine aggregate in concrete, replacing natural sand. The replacement is done partially and fully in the proportion 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% and its effect on properties of concrete were investigated.

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Aalok D. Sakalkale, G. D. Dhawale, R. S. Kedar, "Experimental Study on Use of Waste Marble Dust in Concrete" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Scalable Image Encryption Based Lossless Image Compression
  Mrs. Nimse Madhuri S, Dr. P. M.Mahajan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Present days processing of the image compression is the main protective representation with considerable data process on each image progression. Traditionally more number of techniques were introduced for during efficient progression in image compression on the data set representation process of application development. A content owner encrypts the original uncompressed image using an encryption key. Then, a data hider may compress the least significant bits of the encrypted image using a data hiding key to create a sparse space to accommodate some additional data. With an encrypted image containing additional data, if a receiver has the data hiding key, receiver can extract the additional data though receiver does not know the image content. If the receiver has the encryption key, can decrypt the received data to obtain an image similar to the original one. If the receiver has both the data hiding key and the encryption key, can extract the additional data and recover the original content.\
Index Terms: Reversible data hiding operations, data hiding, Cryptography, Steganography, Reversible data hiding.

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Mrs. Nimse Madhuri S, Dr. P. M.Mahajan, "Scalable Image Encryption Based Lossless Image Compression"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Cashew and Mango Extracts on the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud
  Omotioma M., Ejikeme P. C. N. And Mbah G. O.
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Comparative analysis of the effects of cashew and mango extracts on the rheological properties of water based mud is presented. To control corrosion of drilling materials, corrosion inhibitor is usually used as one of the drilling mud additives. Such inhibitive substance can only be applied when it improves the rheological properties of the drilling mud. In this work, the mud samples were formulated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of cashew and mango extracts. The production method of the mud and the determination of its rheological and allied properties were carried out based on the mud production standards of American Petroleum Institute. From the analysis of the experimental results, cashew and mango leaves extracts are suitable additives for the production of water based mud. Mango leaves extract shows higher improvement of the rheological properties of the drilling mud. Use of plant leaves extracts as drilling mud additives will encourage local content development.
Keywords: Cashew extract, Mango extract, Mud, Rheological properties.

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Omotioma M., Ejikeme P. C. N. And Mbah G. O., "Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Cashew and Mango Extracts on the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Image Compression Using Binary Covers
  Mrs . Manjusha Gaikwad, Pratap Singh Patwal
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Most information concealing strategies install messages into the spread media to create the checked media by just altering the minimum critical piece of the spread and, accordingly, guarantee perceptual transparency. we enhanced the recursive development to approach the rate–distortion bound. Numerous RDH techniques have been proposed since it was presented. Fridrich and Goljan displayed an all inclusive structure for RDH, in which the installing methodology is partitioned into three stages. we sum up the technique in our past paper utilizing a decompression calculation as the coding plan for implanting information and demonstrate that the summed up codes can achieve the rate–distortion bound as long as the layering calculation achieves entropy. By the proposed double codes, we enhance three RDH plots that utilize parallel gimmick succession as spreads, i.e., a RS plan for spatial pictures, one plan for JPEG pictures, and an example substitution plan for twofold pictures. The exploratory results demonstrate that the novel codes can fundamentally diminish the em- padding bending. Moreover, by changing the histogram shift (HS) way, we additionally apply this coding technique to one plan that uses HS, demonstrating that the proposed codes could be likewise misused to enhance number operation-based plugins
Key words: Difference expansion (DE), histogram shift (HS), recursive code construction, reversible data hiding (RDH), water- marking.

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Mrs . Manjusha Gaikwad, Pratap Singh Patwal, "Image Compression Using Binary Covers"> Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com


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• Wireless Power Transmission Compare and Contrast with the Form of Resonance Frequency, Mutual Inductance and Solar Energy
  Md. Saifuddin, Tushar Saha, Monirul Islam, Md. Mujammel Hossain Akhand, Mr.Ebad Zahir
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

The topic of the thesis is about the wireless power transmission. The details of wireless power, its several elements, their application and working principles are described here. There are also details description of mutual inductance, resonance frequency and solar energy. As a result of an increase in consumer demand for electronic devices, many researchers have begun to develop technology that could power these electronic devices without the use of wires. Even today‟s most technologically advanced innovations are bound by a relatively short battery life. Through magnetism, resonance, or microwaves many different avenues exist for research and development in regard to wireless power. We will use our paper as an opportunity to investigate different technologies and review them based on their merits. Consumer devices need to accomplish a task not only cheaply but also safely. This paper will allow a better understanding of the exact science behind wireless power transmission. Also it will show how this science relates to products and their environment.
Keywords: Mutual inductance, resonance frequency, solar energy System, wireless power transfer, power transmission efficiency.

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Md. Saifuddin, Tushar Saha, Monirul Islam, Md. Mujammel Hossain Akhand, Mr.Ebad Zahir, "Wireless Power Transmission Compare and Contrast with the Form of Resonance Frequency, Mutual Inductance and Solar Energy" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• A Model for Monitoring GSM Base Station Radiation Safety in Nigeria
  Dr. Godfrey Ekata, Dr. Ivica Kostanic
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

A guideline for measuring the radio frequency (RF) emissions from the base transceiver stations deployed by Global System Mobile Communications operators in Nigeria is proposed. The guide includes the procedures for measuring the emitted RF power and for determining whether or not the emission exceeds the maximum permissible limits in Nigeria airspace.
Key words: base station RF power emission, BTS RF power, maximum permissible exposure, non-ionizing radiation, radiation exposure, radio frequency energy emissions

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Dr. Godfrey Ekata, Dr. Ivica Kostanic, "A Model for Monitoring GSM Base Station Radiation Safety in Nigeria"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Transmission Congestion and Voltage Profile Management Using Tcsc and Tcpar in Deregulated Power System
  K.Ragini, J.Srinivasa Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In present days all our basic needs are relates with electricity. As the population increases, the demand for electricity is also tremendously increases. In the past, the entire electricity industry is under the control of government and also monopolized. But now, the power industry in many countries is moving rapidly from regulated conventional setup to deregulated environment. The transmission congestion is one of the technical problems that particularly appear in the deregulated power system. If congestion is not managed we face the problems of electricity price improvement and security and stability problems. Congestion relief can be handled using FACTS device such as TCSC, TCPAR where transmission capability will be improved. These FACTS devices are optimally placed on transmission system using Sensitivity approach method. The proposed method is carried out on Modified IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-24 bus system Using Power World Simulator17 software.
Key Words: Deregulated power system, TCSC, TCPAR

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K.Ragini, J.Srinivasa Rao, "Transmission Congestion and Voltage Profile Management Using Tcsc and Tcpar in Deregulated Power System"Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Modeling & Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using IRP Theory Fed to Induction Drive
  PABBISETTY SAI SUJATHA, D.S.NAGAMALLESWARARAO
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Utility distribution networks have sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. Because of sensitivity of consumers on power quality and advancement in power electronics. Active power filter technology is the most efficient way to compensate reactive power and cancel out low order harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. The shunt active power filter was considered to be the most basic configuration for the APF. This paper reviews the basic principle of shunt active power filter, along with the current tracking circuit based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the main circuit performing as an inverter with PWM hysteresis control. The instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method and instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) method are two control strategies which are extensively used in active filters. A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method is proposed. This method aims to compensate harmonic and first harmonic unbalance. A Comprehensive control method is analyzed and a harmonic Compensation simulation is conducted, the result of which verifies The harmonic detection algorithm is well-proposed and the power Quality of the grid is overall-enhanced. The results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Keywords: Harmonics, reactive power, current tracking, active power filter, hysteresis control, Induction Machine Drive.

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PABBISETTY SAI SUJATHA, D.S.NAGAMALLESWARARAO, "Modeling & Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using IRP Theory Fed to Induction Drive" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Trust Your Cloud Service Provider: User Based Crypto Model
  Sitanaboina Sri Lakshmi Parvathi, Beeram Satyanarayana Reddy
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In Data Storage as a Service (STaaS) cloud computing environment, the equipment used for business operations can be leased from a single service provider along with the application, and the related business data can be stored on equipment provided by the same service provider. This type of arrangement can help a company save on hardware and software infrastructure costs, but storing the company's data on the service provider's equipment raises the possibility that important business information may be improperly disclosed to others [1]. Some researchers have suggested that user data stored on a service-provider's equipment must be encrypted [2]. Encrypting data prior to storage is a common method of data protection, and service providers may be able to build firewalls to ensure that the decryption keys associated with encrypted user data are not disclosed to outsiders. However, if the decryption key and the encrypted data are held by the same service provider, it raises the possibility that high-level administrators within the service provider would have access to both the decryption key and the encrypted data, thus presenting a risk for the unauthorized disclosure of the user data. we in this paper provides an unique business model of cryptography where crypto keys are distributed across the user and the trusted third party(TTP) with adoption of such a model mainly the CSP insider attack an form of misuse of valuable user data can be treated secured.
Keywords: cloud computing; service level agreements; encryption and decryption cloud service; data privacy protection

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Sitanaboina Sri Lakshmi Parvathi, Beeram Satyanarayana Reddy, "Trust Your Cloud Service Provider: User Based Crypto Model" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mini Rukma Vimana Unmanned Air Vehicle
  T. V. Vineeta, V. V. S. Nikhil Bharadwaj, B. V. Sai Anoop, M. Sai Dheeraj
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Taking advantage of ancient Indian Knowledge of Vimanas, the Mini Rukma Vimana Unmanned Air Vehicle designs make a several advantages for many purposes as mentioned. The MRV UAV concept is proposed mainly to create VTOL, the lift fans configuration similar to Rukma vimana, hence the name Mini Rukma vimana Unmanned Air Vehicle. Lift fans are the main part of the MRV UAV. They can be used to go through mountainous regions. And fans are preferred other than wings for Vertical takeoff. The lift fans configuration is similar to Rukma vimana Mentioned in Vimanika shasthra. Based on Analysis for VTOL, UAVs are having lift fans embedded in Wings. But MRV UAV has simpler configuration, enabling the UAV to lift off with fans provided at the top of the UAV directly connected to the base of UAV with the help of Ducts. The Direction control can be achieved by operating the maneuvering fans acting as propellers, the UAV can move 360 degrees in at mid air in single position. Using the MRV UAV, the missions become much more simpler and easier to be carried out.
Keywords: VTOL , Object Collector , Landing Gear , UAV , Rukma Vimana

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T. V. Vineeta, V. V. S. Nikhil Bharadwaj, B. V. Sai Anoop, M. Sai Dheeraj, "Mini Rukma Vimana Unmanned Air Vehicle" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Fabrication of Hybrid Petroelectric Vehicle
  G. Adinarayana, Ch. Ashok Kumar, M. Ramakrishna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Fuel cells vehicles, Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by hybrid technology. Hybrid vehicles are those which can run on two or more powering sources/fuels. Feasibility of this technology is been proved in four wheelers and automobile giants like Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai have launched successful vehicles like Toyota prius, Honda insight etc. This technology maximizes the advantages of the two fuels and minimizes the disadvantages of the same. The best preferred hybrid pair is electric and fossil fuel. This increases the mileage of the vehicle twice the existing and also reduces the emission to half. At present, we like to explore the hybrid technology in the two wheeler sector and its feasibility on road. This paper deals with an attempt to make a hybrid with electric start and petrol run. Further a design of basic hybrid elements like motor, battery, and engine. As on today, hybrid products are one of the best solutions for all pollution hazards at a fairly nominal price. An investment within the means of a common man that guarantees a better environment to live in.
Keywords: Internal Cmbustion Engines; Petrol Vehicle; Electric Vehicle ; Hybrid Vehicle.

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G. Adinarayana, Ch. Ashok Kumar, M. Ramakrishna, "Fabrication of Hybrid Petroelectric Vehicle" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design and Analysis of Bus Front Panel Usin G FRP
  G. Adinarayana, Ch. Ashok Kumar, M. Ramakrishna
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Recently, Advance composite materials have taken the significant share with other engineering materials due to its mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratio. Advance composite like E-glass, S-glass, Carbon fiber, Kevlar are not yet confined at the aerospace industry but gradually these are taking over the position of other industries as well. Because of its attaining high intricacy in designing factors and as well as cheaper mould design and also less cost in production of few numbers. The applications of FRPs are spirally increasing. The aim of this project is to develop a BUS FRONT PANEL with a help of FRPs in order to sustain all the mechanical properties which are equivalent to the metals with the help of advanced computer aided software designs like ANSYS. In computer aided engineering to make the product proven in the realistic market.
Keywords: Polymer-matrix composites ; Finite element analysis; Ansys.

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G. Adinarayana, Ch. Ashok Kumar, M. Ramakrishna, "Design and Analysis of Bus Front Panel Usin G FRP" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Design Modification & Failure Analysis of a Driven Plate/Friction Plate of a Clutch using FEA.
  Marella. Veerendra, Gowthamtham Reddy. Vudumula, K. N. D. Malleswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

Clutch is device which is used to transmit power one component to another. It is a device used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible connection between two rotating shafts Clutches allow a high inertia load to be stated with a small power. The engine power transmitted to the system through the clutch. The failure of such a critical component during service can stall the whole application. The objective of present project is to do analysis on driven plate of a clutch which is often fails during the operation. In this present research work analysis is conducted on driven plate of a clutch used in TATA Vehicle. There are so many complaints are noted against the failure of clutch during heavy loads. The driven main plate failed normally during its operation due to cyclic loading. For this reason we designed the driven plate and modeled in Pro-E and analyzed using FEA package in the process of designing and analyzing the actual design is changed to lower down the failure values. And the design may suggest to the company.
Keywords: Ansys, Clutch, Driven plate, Pro-E, Pressure plate.

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Marella. Veerendra, Gowthamtham Reddy. Vudumula, K. N. D. Malleswara Rao, "Design Modification & Failure Analysis of a Driven Plate/Friction Plate of a Clutch using FEA." Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Mixotrophic Cultivation of Botryococcus Braunii for Biomass and Lipid Yields with Simultaneous CO2 Sequestration
  K. Pooja, V. Himabindu
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

In the present study an attempt has been made to utilize glucose as a carbon source to cultivate Botyrococcusbrauniimixotrophically with CO₂ inputs to achieve biomass and lipid yields along with CO₂ reduction. Experiments were carried out in laboratory culture flasks using different glucose concentrations (1g/L, 1.5g/L, 2g/L, 2.5g/L, 3g/L, 3.5g/L, 4g/L, 4.5g/L and 5g/L) with 6% CO2 inputs at a flow rate of 0.1vvm at different time intervals of CO₂ aeration (1hr/d, 2hr/d, 4hr/d, 6hr/d, 8hr/d, 10h/d, 12h/d and 24hr/d). The maximum biomass and lipid yields of 2.43g/L and 1.29g/L respectively were obtained at the glucose concentration of 2.5g/L. On the other hand the CO2 removal efficiency reached upto 75%. Hence in the present study it was observed that the microalgaeB. bauniigrew efficiently in the mixotrophic cultivation mode utilizing the glucose and CO₂ as carbon source for its growth to achieve CO2reduction and in turn it produced biomass and lipids yields efficiently.
Keywords: Flue gas, Botryococcus braunii, Open raceway pond, Biomass, Lipid.

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K. Pooja, V. Himabindu, "Mixotrophic Cultivation of Botryococcus Braunii for Biomass and Lipid Yields with Simultaneous CO2 Sequestration" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Structure Analysis of a Turbocharger Compressor Wheel Using FEA
  Shaik Mohammad Rafi, N. Amara Nageswara Rao
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

When people talk about race cars or high-performance sports cars, the topic of turbochargers usually comes up. Turbochargers also appear on large diesel engines. A turbo can significantly boost an engine's horsepower without significantly increasing its weight, which is the huge benefit that makes turbos so popular. Turbochargers are a type of forced induction system. They compress the air flowing into the engine. The advantage of compressing the air is that it lets the engine squeeze more air into a cylinder, and more air means that more fuel can be added. Therefore, you get more power from each explosion in each cylinder. Here in this project we are designing the compressor wheel by using Pro-E and doing analysis by using FEA package. The main aim of the project is to increase the performance of the compressor wheel for this we are changing the material and also we are changing the existing design. By comparing the results we will get the best model from this data we suggests the design modifications to the company to improve the performance of the compressor wheel.
Keywords: Ansys, Diesel engines, FEA, horsepower, Pro-E, Turbocharger.

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Shaik Mohammad Rafi, N. Amara Nageswara Rao, "Structure Analysis of a Turbocharger Compressor Wheel Using FEA" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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Abstract:

In present days the wireless communications are widely increases because of this reason spectrum utilization can be rapidly increased.For efficient usage of spectrum we can implement the Vacate on demand algorithm in different networks. CR users also need to sense the spectrum and vacate the channel upon the detection of the PU‟s presence to protectPUs from harmful interference. To achieve these fundamental CR functions, CR users usually coordinate with each other by using a common medium for control message exchange ensuring a priority of PUs over CR users. This paper presents the Vacate on Demand (VD) algorithm which enables dynamic spectrum access and ensures to vacate the assigned channel in case of PU activity and move the CR user to some other vacant channel to make spectrum available to PUs as well as to CR users. The basic idea is to use a ranking table of the available channels based on the PU activity detected on each channel. To improve the spectrum efficiency we can implement the Vacate on demand algorithm in MANET Network.
Keywords: Cognitive radio, Spectrum sensing, ranking table, MANET network

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Dr. T.V. S. Prasad Gupta, T. Pushpalatha, "Implementation of Vacate on Demand Algorithm in Various Spectrum Sensing Networks" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• Kernel Estimation of Videodeblurringalgorithm and Motion Compensation of Residual Deconvolution
  Dr .T.V.S Prasad Gupta, Mr. P. Kranthichaitanya, M. Lavanya
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This paper presents a videodeblurring algorithm utilizing the high resolution information of adjacent unblurredframes.First, two motion-compensated predictors of a blurred frame are derived from its neighboring unblurred frames via bidirectional motion compensation. Then, an accurate blur kernel, which is difficult to directly obtain from the blurred frame itself, is computed between the predictors and the blurred frame. Next, a residual deconvolution is employed to reduce the ringing artifacts inherently caused by conventional deconvolution. The blur kernel estimation and deconvolution processes are iteratively performed for the deblurred frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides sharper details and smaller artifacts than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Index Terms: deblurring, unblurred frames, blur kernel, bidirectional motion compensation

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Dr .T.V.S Prasad Gupta, Mr. P. Kranthichaitanya, M. Lavanya, "Kernel Estimation of Videodeblurringalgorithm and Motion Compensation of Residual Deconvolution" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.com

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• High Frequency Soft Switching Of PWM Boost Converter Using Auxiliary Resonant Circuit
  C. P. Sai Kiran, M. Vishnu Vardhan
  [Abstract] [PDF] [Cite]

Abstract:

This thesis presents High frequency Soft Switching DC-DC boost Converter. The circuit consists of a general Boost Converter with an additional resonant circuit which has a switch, inductor, capacitor and a diode.In general Boost Converter circuits have snubber circuits where switching losses are dissipated in external passive resistors; which is known as hard switching. As the switching frequency of PWM converters is increased its switching losses and conduction losses also increases. This restricts the use of PWM technique. New Zero Voltage Transition-Zero Current Transition (ZVT-ZCT) PWM converter equipped with the snubber provides the most desirable features of both ZVT and ZCT converters presented previously. Moreover all semiconductors devices operate with soft switching and hence losses are reduced.
Keywords: Active snubber, ZCS, ZCT, Boost Converter, ZVS and ZVT.

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C. P. Sai Kiran, M. Vishnu Vardhan, "High Frequency Soft Switching Of PWM Boost Converter Using Auxiliary Resonant Circuit" Vol. 4 - Issue 10 (October - 2014), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) , ISSN: 2248-9622 , www.ijera.c